24 T H E JO U R N A L From the Williamsport Saturday E vening Review, February 23, 1895 Society brother of the groom, acted as bestman. The approachof Lenthas certainlyaffec- After a reception and supper the couple ted society and placed it practicallyat a left on their weddingtour, on their return standstill in this city. T#e Ret'fea' for che from which they will reside at Sinnema- two weeks past has had but few social honning, where Mr. Baird fills a railroad events to publish. position A delightful musical was given for the b:neat of the Christ church organ fund last Personal Monday evening at the residence of Mrs. J. V. Brown. Col. Coryel called his staff officers to the city Tuesday evening last for consul- Miss Helen Bentleygave a high Tea, last tation Thursday afternoon, in honor of Miss Rapp, of Baltimore. Manager Davis, of the Williamsport Passenger Railway Company, is attending Miss Emery entertained the Tuesday the electrical convention in Cleveland. Night Whist Club this week. This was the Ohio last game of the series. City Engineer George Noble Harrison was in New York City Snyder won first men's prize, and Miss this week Jennie Weed first ladies'prize. There were Steve Harrison was in the city this week three progi:easing tables Mr. and Mrs. John G. Henderson were Lash Tuesday night Miss Helen Turner in Danville over Sunday last gave a country sleighing party at che home R. P. Blackburn,the West End drug- of her father, Jacob Turner. Those present gist, has sent out notices speaking in from this city were Miss Helen Bentley, flattering terms of the celebrated Huyler's Miss Maud Otto and Hiester Otto. confections. Mail and special orders receive An Assembly under the auspices of a prompt attentionfrom Mr. Blackburn committee of well-known young men was Lewars & Co., are handling the Victor given in the new Armory, at Sunbury, and Crescent bicycles this spring Thursday evening last. The music was furn- James W. Sweeney, the editor of THE ished by a band and orchestra,and a very SUN, and our efficient postmaster,has been enjoyabletime was indulgedin. Among giving general satisfaction since his term the guests present from out of Sunbury of office began. Mr. Sweeneyis certainly a were: Mrs. Joseph C. Bucher, Mr. and winner and deserves his success, although THE Mrs. Philip B. Wolfe, MissesKathryne D. some people do find fault with his Blair and EJeanoi:M. Barber,of Lewisburg; 'cuckoo" Democracy Miss Bertha Datesman. of West Milton: Several evenings ago Clyde Duble went Miss McCloskey,of Buffalo, N. Y.; Messrs. homeafter a social eventand laid his satin John 'W. Bucher, Lewis Rothermel, Philip lined full dress suit in a bureau drawer and B. Linn, RussellE. Kelly and Fred Wagner, left The drawer open. In the morning he was attracted by a noise in the bureau JOURNAL of Lewisburg; Miss Lou Jameson, of Blooms- bury; Miss Vasatine,of Catawissa,and and upon investigation Clyde found that Messrs. Frank lkeler and Sam H. Harman. the family cat had crawled into the open of Bloomsburg. drawerduring the night and before mor- OFTHE Mrs. J. V. Brown gave a pi:ogressive pedro ning found herself the mother of five little card party, Tuesday evening last, at her kittens. The young druggist chloroformed residence on East Third Street. the cat and presentedthe kittens to his girl friends On Wednesday evening, at the residence LYCOMING HISTORICALSOCIETY of the bride's parents, Long Reach, Herbert L. Baird, of Sinnemahoning, and Miss If you have any contributions, Maude E. Updegraff were joined in mar- please send them to: riageby Rev. E. P. Morse,of the Newberry L. Rodman Wurster Presbyterian church, in the presence of about seventy guests. Miss Lizzie Reinhard Proctor Star Route acted as bridesmaid, while E. H. Baird, Williamsport, Pa. the J O U R N A L of the Vol. I No. 6 November, 1957 LYCOMING HI STORI CAL SOCIE TY PUBLISHED BIANNUALLY IN WILLIAMSPORT, PENNSYLVANIA Doctors on Horseback and in Gtgs NIR. GIBSON (;. ANTES. P]tESIDENT NIR. (I}HAI\LESS. STOEVER, 3RD.V '. P]IESIOENT Conapiled by Miss Katherine Bennett from various sources MR. .[AMES P. PRESSLER, ]ST. V'ICE PRESIDENT MR. F]O\Vann J. LAN[ADE, TF]=ASUI\EI\ NIR. SAM-UEI. J. DORNSIFE, 2ND. VICE PRESIOENT ]yIISS DELLA C. DOOSON, SECIUTARY and read by EDITORS Dr. L. E. Wurster before the Lycoming Historical Society DR. LEWIS E. TnEISS MR. MICHAEL N'I. WARGO The first physicians in the West Branch water in the hospital that he claimed caused MISS 'MILDRED E. KELLY MR. L. ROOMAN WURSTER Valley were the post surgeonsstationed at bad successin his cures. He remained at ExUa Copies of The Journal Fifty Cents Each Fort Augusta,Sunbury, during the French this post until detailedto accompanythe VOLUMEI and Indian war. And the first doctor of Forb;s-Bouquet expedition to the western OCTOBER,1957 NUMBER SIX whom there is any record was Dr. John frontier Morgan of Philadelphia. We have no proof After three years he felt he had learned PRESIDENT''S MESSAGE that Dr. Morgan practiced medicine in this aJJ the army could teach him and in 1761 vicinity. We do not know of a certainty left to attendthe University of Edinburgh, The first tneeting of the 1957-58 Fall afternoon during Octob:r and Novemb:r that there were white inhabitantsin this then the most renownedmedical school in and Winter Season was held on October from 2:00 p. m. to 4:39. How well you r section at the time. The region was not the world. 3rd. and was well attended. offer your service as assistantHosts or openedfor settlementuntil 1768. But it is Dr. Morgan was consideredone of the Dr. Lester K. Ade delivered a very inter- Hostesses, and the number of visitors who an established fact chat before that time, most brilliant students who had appeared esting address on ''The Evolution of the come to see the exhibits, will determine hardy pioneers ventured into the wilder- at this scientific center, and rhe thesis he Public Schools the amountof time the Museum will be ness and erectedrude habitationsat rhe presentedafter two years study, was a Dr. Lester G. Shannon. Chairman of open after the first of the New Year. mouthsof screamsemptying into the river. definite contributionto medicine the Progmm Committee, has prepared an Will you do your part to help make our Dr. Morgan later becamethe most cole- He then journeyedto Paris to attend interesting series of meetings f or the months Historical Society interesting and success- braced physician in America and the lectures at the Academic Royal de Chirugie ahead. We hope you will show your fillU ? circumstancethat led him to the provincial and so impressedits membersthat they interest by attending as many as possible Gibson G. Antes Fort Augustaat the time ( 1757) the north- electedhim to their fellowship The Museum will be open eachSunday President en] limit of civilization, is interesting to From Paris, he visited Rome [o sit at the trace. feet of Morgagni, the father of pathological Though he was but twenty-twoyears old, anatomy. There again, though he came to he was already as well trained as a colonial study, he remained to instruct Program Lycoming County Historical Society doctor could be. He had ben graduated in There was such lack of communication the first classof the collegeof Philadelphia in Europe at the time, that every faculty Dr. Lester G. Shannon, Chairman of th: Program Comnlittce: announces th and had apprenticed himself for six years in the various cities he visited was a self- following speakers and their subjects: to John Redman, a young doctor who had contained unit; its discoveries rarely went October 3 expensivetraining in Europeanuniversities. beyond its walls. Young Morgan was EVOLUTION OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS When che first public hospital in something of a missionary, disseminating Dr. LesterK. Ade America was founded by Benjamin Franklin scientific knowledge from one medical and Dr. Thomas Bond, Morgan, while yet center to another November7 -- OCTAGON HOUSES Redman's student became irs first apache- While he was experiencing these Euro- cary, a position which enabledhim to study pean triumphs, Dr. Morgan was formulating Mrs. Bertha Lyman Guptill the practice of Philadelphia's leading plans for rebuilding American medicine on December 5 doctors. a scientificfoundation. He returned to Exp[orer Scouts, Post No. 14] wi]] present authentic Indian Dances and When the British anlly, sent over to London and submitted his plans to Thomas Ceremonials. fight the French and Indian war, brought Penn, Proprietary Governor of Pennsylvania, what was rarely seen in the colonies, a who became so enthusiastic that he gave January 2 HOBBY NIGHT group of well-trainedsurgeons, Dr. Morgan him a letter to the trusteesof the College joinedthe Pennsylvaniamilitia as a med- of Philadelphiarecommending Chat I)r. February 6 ical lieutenant so that he might watch the Morgan be allowed to establish a medical PENNSYLVANIA GERMANS THROUGH THEIR ART British doctors work. If he was disappointed school in connection with the college. Dr. Walter E. Boyer [o find himselfside-tracked at the crude When he returned[o Philadelphia,Dr March6 -- frontier, far at the confluenceof the north Morgan talked two days to the trusteesof THE SUSQUEHANNA \TALLEY and west branchesof the river Susquehanna, the college and when he finished had torn Dr. John Carter he gave no sign. The records show he American medicine to shreds and had April 3 -- conscientiously practiced the art of healing insulted every native-trained doctor in the FORT AUGUSTA under adverse conditions, frequently deplor- country Dr. Lewis E. Theiss ing the lack of fresh provisionsand But despiteprejudice and oppositionhe vegetables for the soldiers and the under gained his objective--a medic41school was 4 THE JO U R N A L 5

established--and Dr. Morgan, a colleague, There can be no doubt about the service Various early physicianssucceeded Dr. 'Well find out", said Dr. Lyon, "and I Dr. William Shippen,and later Dr of Dr. BenjaminAllison who was stationed Llthey in Williamsportbut eventuallyleft will give the same". When Dr. Pollock Benjamin Rush became its first instructors. at Ft. Augusta during the Revolutionand for other localities or forsook medicine to was approached, his first question was, The story of this first medical college, attendedthe militia both in the valley and follow other pursuits. It was not until 1838, What did Tom Lyon give?" "I don't which later mergedinto the University of at camp. He was on duty at Ft. Muncy and that Dr. Thomas Lyon and Dr. Samuel know". answered the solicitor. "Well find Pennsylvaniais one of the most interesting accompanied the Augusta regiment when Pollock located here permanently. At the out" said Dr. Pollock, "and lwill double in the history of American medicine. But it wenton march.Dr. Allisonis thefirst tinge, Di:. Thomas Vastine was practicing, It it hasno placein thisdiscussion. To all physician known to have practiced medicine but after some years, he moved to St. Louis Dr. Lyon had a brother, Dr. Charles Lyon, who are interested,I recommenda recently m Lycoming County though it is very likely A Dr. Shoemaker was establishedat New- who located in Fairfield Township in 1844. published biography of Dr. William Ship- that all these army surgeons accompanied berry but informationabout him is meagre. The brick househe built may be seen to- pen written by a native of Williamsport, the soldiersin expeditions up the West In the county, Dr. Asher Davidson, son day as you drive from Montoursville to James J. Gibson, a brother of the late Hon. Branch and gave what aid choy could to of Dr. James I)avidson, was located at Loyalsockville and pass over a tree-lined Ralph Gibson, former curator of this the suffering inhabitants Jersey Shore and at Muncy were two phy- section of the road. It standsto the left, a society. During the latter part of the 18th cen- sicians, who had been establishedsince the large square house built for gracious living. Dr. Morgan's successor at Fort Augusta tury there came to that portion of the West early 1820's--Dr. Thomas Wood, Jr., and But not by the wildest flight of imagination was Dr. William PlunkeEC,a rough and Branch Valley that is now Lycoming Dr. James Rankin. can you picture the countrysideas it was burly Irishman, direct antithesis of the County, the first of our native doctor's on Dr. Thomas Wood, Jr., was a nephew of when Dr. Lyon went there. svelte and polished Philadelphian. horseback. the first Dr. Thomas Wood who located It was settled by German immigrants Dr. Plunketr had been highly educated They settled in the forest cleanings and at Muncy in 1803. from che Palitinate. who cleared homesteads in both medicine and law in European primitive villages that dotted the wilderness Dr. James W. Peale settled in Hughes- and tried to scratch a precarious livlihood universities. But he was something of a The extent of their circuit was usuallyfrom ville at an unknown date but left there in from stony hillside farms. Their slipshod rowdy, and with a group of hilarious com- fifty to one hundred miles over poor roads 1838 to practice at Sunbui '. He was imme- mode of living is best illustratedby a story panions became involved in an assault and and paths, sometimes swimming their horses diately succeededby Dr. George Hill who of a visit by Dr. Lyon,made to delivera robbery upon an English officer, Lord through creeks and rivers as bess they could was the first doctor to remain pennanently child of a woman in a home where off- Eglintown, in which the latter sustained Their equipment,in additionto their faith- in that community. spring came with remarkableregularity. severe bodily injuries ful horses, were saddlebagsfilled with These men were indeed the pioneersof The husband and many times father, He was arrestedand thrown into prison medicines, a gun to use for protection from medicine and surgery in Lycorning Counts, followedthe doctor to the door. Trying to but escapedand was smuggledon board a wild animals of the f orest. and an axe to .the trail blazers as it were, for the modern expresshis gratitudehe said, "l'd pay you sailingboat in a barrel and broughtto clear obstacles from their paths. men of medicine. if I could. Too bad I never have money, America. The first of these men, Dr. James Of this group the best known to posterity but if I could do anything else I would." While at Fort Augusta,Dr. Plunkettbe- Davidson settled at the mouth of Pine is Dr. Thomas Lyon. This man who 'Never mind about the money," said the came skilled in treating scalped heads. Creek about 1790. Dr. Davidson was sur- practiced well over a half century was a doctor. "that doesn't disturb me. but there Scalping was a procedure that generally geon to the Fifth Pennsylvania Battalion dynamo of energy and possessed exceptional is sornerhingyou can do for me. Before I ended fatally and usually instantly for the during the Revolutionand spent the executive ability. He was one of the best come again, get someoneto help roll the scalpee. There was one incident which winter of 1778 at Valley Forge. In known doctors in this section of Pennsyl- soap-barrelfrom the foot of your wife's occurredduring rhe autumn of 1778, when the valley his field of practice was wide vania. His "History and Reminiscence" is bed into a corner of the room. It's been Mrs. Mcknight and Mrs. Durham, each extending from the far flung sertlernents a rare human documentof the era in which there for years and I am considerably with a child, were going [o Ft. Freeland of the upperWest Branchto Northumber he lived. hamperedwhen I have to walk around it. from Northumberland. Just above Milton, land. Like many of the early men of Dr. Samuel Pollock, also a highly Before I am called here again, have it Indians suddenlyattacked them from the medicine he was also interested in law and successfulphysician, was one of the most moved. bushes. Mrs. Mcknight's horse wheeledand in 17.85 he was appointed an associate beloved men of his time. Quiet and It has been said that I)r. Lyon kept six galloped back. Mrs. Durham's child was judge by Governor Mifflin and presided scholarly, he was devoted to his profession horses in his stable so that he might always shot in her arms. She fainted and fell from at the early courts for many years and keenly interested in science and liter- have a fresh one. Perhaps nothing attests her horse and the Indians scalpedher. Later The pioneer physician of Williamsport ature. His avocations were astronomy, his to the exhausting nature of his practice shewas picked up and treatedby Dr was Dr. William Kent Lathey,an English- church, and the writing of poetry among these people, which he followed for Plunkett and completely recovered. She lived man, whoselog-cabin was on the site now Unforrunarely, his poems are too long to fifty-two years, than the fact that one man to the ripe old age of eighty-five bur never occupied by the Reading freight depot, Pine be quotedhere but one that should be constantlywore out six horses was able to grow hair on top of her head ztnd Front Streets. In 1796 his cabin and preserved for posterity was written about Duringthe 1840'sthere came to this We do not know of a certaintythat Dr. lot were assessedat ten dollars and his two the Old Stone Church at Newberry. The valley, an odd individual, Dr. Edward Plunkett practiced medicine in what is nou, horses valued at sixteen. first Presbyterians in Williamsport had to Maximilan Adam. Dr. Adam is never LycomingCounty. But we do know that he In 1800,1)r. Latheymarried Mary Wallis cross Lvcoming Creek to worship. mentioned in medical history, for until was stationed at Muncy during the Penna- che eldest daughter of Samuel Wallis, but Dr. Thomas Lyon was also a Presbyterian recentlybut little was known of him. He mite wars. Later he forsook medicine for rhe bride got lorlely in the primitive and an amusingstory is told of a solicitor was born in the kingdom of Saxony of the law. When Northumberland County sertlenlent that was Williamsporc. She who askedhim for a subscriptionto the wealthy and aristocratic parents and edu- was formed, of which we were then a part, wantedto live in a more thickly populated church. "What". said Dr. Lyon. "did Pollock cated in universities of his native Germany he became the first president judge center so the Latheys moved to Pennsdale. give"? "I don'cknow", repliedthe solicitor. But Dr. Adam sufferedfrom the fierce 6 T H E JO U R NAL 7 conflicts of a tormented mind. Finally his Joseph Gross, one of the elders of the bequestw:ls madeto an orphanagein attracted state-wide attention. But the state unrest became so great that he rebelled community,gave Dr. Adam a home for Egypt. Every orphanin BlootningGmve health authorities were back of the doctor against medicine and the leisure of the which he received the munificent sum of was rememl)eked.Bequests were made to and the pigs had to go. Junker classto which he belongedand thirty dollarsa year. After a time, the doctor relativesin Germany. but to the family Williamsport had hardly becomepigless became a wanderer. Eventually his peri- thought he would like a home of his oun who had cared for him during his long and when a minstrel troupe came to town grinations brought him to America and and a cabin was built for him on the Gross cantankerous life, he left a measley four bringing with it--believe it or not--a che West Branch valley. farm. But he continuedto take his meals hundred dollars. He directed that his cabin ruined pig. The fight was finishedbuc He was walking on the streetsof Milton with the family be torn down and his medicines thrown the press could not resist the joke. Large one day when throughan open door he Dr. Adam had none of the kindliness in the cellar.The children were given the captions announced the existence of another heard a cobbler singing at his bench. If I of our native doctors. Though he enjoyed the privilege ot throwing the bottles. pig and wondered what Di:. Richter would could be as happy as that man, he thought, being with simple folk he was very auto- According to Mrs. J. Wesley Little, who do about it. As you may suspect, the doctor I would be glad to rake up cobbling.He cratic and it is said rhe Blooming grovers Y was a child of ten at the time, the young- ignored it. offered himself as an apprentice but the never disputed his word. He was especially sters entered into this proceeding with Dr. Richter and his contemporaries who cobbler could not afford a helper. He assured severe with the children. He objected to enthusiasmand gusto. She said they were date from the 1850's were the immediate him he wouldbe glad to work for nothing eating with them for he was not accustomed t such nice throwing bottles, with slim necks successors of the doctors on horseback and and a place was made for him. [o children at table so they had to be served and bulging sides with grapes and other in the gigs. They lived in the buckboard Dr. Adamenjoyed working with the separately. He was also disgusted with their designs blown in the glass. Mars. Little and and buggy days. Among them were Drs. cobblerand hoped that he had at last found habit of eating corn on the cob. He said her brother,Mr. Joseph Adam Heim, were Benjamin Detwiler, John S. Crawl ord, rhe peace of hind for which he had longed they looked like little pigs. During sweet grandchildrenof Mr. Gross and to them I Thomas H. Helshy, William Hepburn, of But the cobbler's little daughter became corn season,the children frequently had am indebted for host of my information Williamsport; Chester E. Albright and John ill--vei:y ill, and the attending physician their meals on a side porch. But when they about eccentric Dr. Adam Nlusserof Muncy; Charles Ludwig of White diagnosedher caseas brain fever. The child heard the doctor goose-steppingalong the Another German doctor who had a Deer Valley, a great-uncle of Dr. Charles grew worse and finally Dr. Adam felt force path they hid the offending corn under unique career was Dr. August Richter. Dr. Ludwig Youngman; John Tomlinson of to speak. the table. Richter was a man born, not thirty, but Montoursville; Dr. John H. Grief: of Jersey This child does not have brain fever' Dr. Adam lived at Blooming Grove many fifty years too soon. He was Williamsport's Shot:e. said he. "She has intestinalworms". "Shoe- years. Once he felt an urge [o return to first Health officer and had an undo;lstan- Just one hundred years ago [)r. Lyon maker stick to your last", shouted the Germany and the next day he started. He ding of publichealth and sanitationthat and Dr. Pollock settled in Williamsport. doctor; "Why do you intel'gere with my was gone two years,but he longedfor the by many yearsantedated his time. Looking back over a century one is im- work". Dr. Adam was f orced to give his plain people with whom he had found pence He waged a relentless fight against pressed with the high standard of learning reasons."You are no cobbler", said he, "you and contentmentand one day they saw a prejudicefor pure milk and pure water. and ethics of theseearly men of medicine. are a doctor ' tall figui:e enveloped in a long cape walking But the storm of his career broke when he It was an era when professionalquali- The child. treated f or n'terms recovered down the hill and realized their Dr. Adam tried to rid WiIJiamsportof its pigs fications were not standardized. Any man but Dr. Adam's peace and contentment had returned to them. According [o the standards of the day who fancied himself as a blood-letter or weregone. Now that he was known as a He lived to an advarlcedage and re- pigs were the poor man's food; by fattening giver of physic could hang around a doctor's physician, he decided that Milton was not quested before he died, that he be buried I couple of porkers during the summer he office as an apprentice,reading medicine the place for him. He traveledup the West in the private plot on the Gross farm. He provided a meat supply for the winter. it was called--and hang out his shingle. Branch and lived for a tilde with a clergy- did not wantto be takenin a hearse.but Almost every little hovel had a pig-sty at Yet in this backwoods county, from the man's family at Mill Hall. But the parson carried. The day of his funeral was hot, the its back-door time the erudite I)r. Morgan sac on ouf gor in trouble for dabbling in alchemy and hill was sleep and the doctor was heavy Public sentimentwas against the doctor. door step, so to speak, down through che after several attempts to find congenial But with two shifts of stalwart pall-bearers Even the localpress ridiculedhim, many years, the first doctors were either gradu- surroundings, the doctor came to Williams he was borneto his final restingplace in of its issues contained cartoons of the goo;i ates of European universities or accredited pore and worked in a drug store. He realized the manner he desired while the people man chasingpigs. One perturbed man medical schools in our own country. the futility of trying to deny his profession of the community followed afoot visited him asking why he couldn't keep Another interestingfact is the unbroken and practiced among the German speaking He directed his executors to look under his pigs. The doctor patiently tried to ex- continuity of medical practice in the families inhabitants some slippery-elm bark in his woodshed plain the simple fundamentals of sanitation of some of these .early doctors. He became interested in a strangely for a trunk in n,hichthey wouldfind some Suddenly a glimtner of understanding Dr. Thomas Lyon's family is represented Barbed people whom he saw occasionally money. They locatedthe trunk and it con- lighted the man's face. "You mean my pigs by the fourth generation, Dr. Edward on the streets and in the market place. tained ten thousand dollars. He further are darcy" he said. The doctor admitted Lyon, Jr. Upon inquiry he was told they were directed them [o look for a strong box char pigs as a rule were not very clean Dr. T. Kenneth Wood is the fourth gen- Blooming grovers--a religious sect living above the lintel outside his door hidden Oh", exclaimed the man, "my pigs aren't eration of his family to practice in Munch. noi:th of the city--a people noted for their by some broom-corn. This yielded five dirty. My children are dirtier than my pigs Dr. Janaes Rankin, was of the third piety, thrift and honesty.He was calledto thousand dollars. A stone removed from But the doctor was firm and the man left generation of Ranking in Muncy, represen- attend a patient at this settlement and was his fireplace mantel disclosed a bowl of tnuttering, ''He chases my pigs out of town, ting 115 years of medical practice so impressed with the superior qualities coins. mostly gold. next he will chase my children Dr. George Hill of Hughesville and his and humble mode of living of these people His will was a strangedocument for a Once the doctor's life was threatened nephew, I)r. Reuben Hill, born in. Mon- that he decidedto remain with them mall who disliked children. One large and the fight becameso intense thad it toursville represent 107 years of medical 8 TH E JO U R NAL 9 practice in Lycoming County. then: instruments were few, imperfect and The doctor of today, deriving a sense of clumsy; their ignorance of anatomy was Dudley Allen Martin, Central Pennsylvania's security from his Therapeutic Labratory, abysmal. But no profession produced more Clinical Laboratory and Radio-therapy, looks picturesque characters than these backwoods First Archaeologist back through the years with a feeling of sympathy akin to pity for these early doc- doctors. As they made their rounds on their by Henry W. Shoemaker tors who traveled through rain, thud, sleet, hazardouserrands of mercy, they were cold, snow and darkness, on horseback and blazingthe trail for the modern men of Life Member of the Pennsylvania ArchaeologicalSociety in gigs. medicine, who today, zoom along concrete Their remedieswere crude and drastic; highways in motor cars. If he had lived, Dudley Allen Martin generationsremoved from the Indian wars, would have crossed the century mark in massacres, and of course, the Great Runaway 1956. He often said, "Life is so short. I in 1778. Editorial hate to leave my collection of artifacts be- He grew up in an atmosphereof hind but thereis no way to keep them Indian lore and legend.One of the Poor- together; they are only valuable as a whole man's was i:eturning to Dakota in 1870, What is Our Objective I hold tightly onto every inch of living; and Dudley,fired by his talks of Indian We membersof thisSociety have indi- ly interesting from the standpoint of it seems a terrific separation between life adventures, begged to be taken along. "It cated interest in local history. As an research and craftmanship and fact, and the dismalshadow of non- could only be one more tribute to Indian Another project of equal historical value existence". With this somewhat gloomy atrocity",said his fatherin grantingper- organization we need to have an objective outlook he cherished his collection almost to work for, or we are going to become is rhe preservation of one of the original mission for his departure. ''He would be one of our own exhibits--somethingof pioneer log cabins. We know of one that like a living body, grieving over its break- dying a patriot's death". "They would not rhe past, something to peer at and wonder the owner is willing [o donate to the Society ing up and scattering when life closed its kill a small boy of 14" said Poorman, and about,but of not much real good. The cabin is intact and good enough con- busy book, yet he feared its scatteringand Dudley, the size and build of a county fair We have done a fine job, when you dition for complete restoration. Imagine rrusred no one to carry it forward, causing jockey, boarded the train for Erie to become consider that we number a mere handful what an attractive exhibit this would make rhe break-upby his own fears schooled in Indian habits and customs and His outlookon life wassuggested by of their religions, hunting and fighting Bur much remains to be done if our Society completewith all the furniture, utensils and his Indianfriends who felt the thrill of wants to perform a real and needed service tools which we already have. method in our community.We mustconsider and If these projects seem big, it is no more existence and what life brought them; the It was the occasion of his four- adopt a specific project, carry that project than right. But with the guidance and co- dim shadows of tomorrow lift no recom- teenth birthday when Dudley boarded the through to its completion, then cake on operation of a few of our own members, pose, the acceptedthe idea of a future life Sunburyand Erie Night Expressat Lock another. These projects must be compatible a few local educators, and a few businessmen with incredulity, yet had they pondered less Haven f or Erie. The train was late and with our reason; f or existing--they should and industrialists, the model of the river on its uncertainities,their daysof life while he crampedup and down the rail- preserve for future generations something with the historic boom and the typical would have been more happily endurable road station platform the wolves were of the past that will show the future how local pioneer dwellings could become He is the only Archaeologist mentioned howling in Harvey's Gap of the Bald Eagle by D. K. Maynard in his standard to learn from the past. realities. They would arouse a lot of interest Mountains. "I am leaving a fairly wild It is fine to presentprograms for mem and stand as permanent memorials to the History of Clinton County, published at country after all", he said to himself. "I belts and guests, but in the last analysis, such efforts of our Society. Lock Haven in 1874; he was evidently have some background for the Wild West ' looked upon as the first of his line in the programs are only entertainment for us, The Editors Arriving at Erie, he transferredto the line even if entertainment of educational upper Susquehanna Valley. "I knew Mr for Chicago. The waiting room at the nature. In addition to our programs we need Maynard", I)udley Martin said, "he was Windy City was filled with advance agents one of the first to back me up as a collector and Martin's slim stature. clear-cut features. [o do sotnething trac will help our children From the Wiliamsport Saturday Evening of Indian history by way of their artifacts blonde hair, and large expressive blue eyes realize that their own home community has Review, February 23, 1895 $ a fascinating historical background. In seeing He was shot and woundedby a hostile attracted the attention of the agent for the how their ancestorssucceeded and pro- Thon)as L. Painter is doing an extensive Indian in the Dakotas in 1872 and Clinton organization of the Pony Express. He be- gressed with the "primitive" means of freightbusiness in this sectionfor the County came clear losing this great author- came acquaintedwish the boy, and Poor- P their day, youth naightbe impressedenough Lehigh Valley Railroad. ity. His shatteredelbow, the result. he man seeing the advantagesfrom Martin's would show to friends when in a reminis- viewpointof high adventure,let him go. to try to better their own generation Fred Gleam and Harry Meyer arc both cent mood. So far we have spoken lust words, but sick in bed. These popular gentlemen arc Soon marked out for his courage he was we have specific and concrete suggestions. very much missedabout town. Descendedfrom the Martin family of offered twice the pay to act as an armed Rev. Gustave Levy has been selected as French Huguenots,and the Aliens, who lnounred guard for the overland Express by How many of us can tell accuratelyhow claimed Colonel Allen as one of theirs. the Susquehanna Boom operated and des- one of the centennialoracors. This was a Col. Ben Holloday. A stockman admired cribe in detail the various parts? Wouldn't happy move on the part of the committee of Scotch-Irish stock, Dudley Martin was his sangfroid and made him head of his it be unique and invaluable to have a scale as the Jewish clergymanis a man of excep born in LycomingCounty on the south cattle ranch. The Sioux were camping near- model of the river and boom area u-ith the tional ability bank of the Susquehannaopposite the site by at a water hole, and onQ night they dam, cribs, logs, etc. in detail. Sure, itwould Miss Mary Young is visiting trier)dsin of Williamsporton April 23, 1856.He died adopted the "blonde god", as they called be a big job, but not impossible and certain- Washington,D. C. April 14, 139. His parents,only two or three him, into the tribe. It was an elaborate 10 T H E JO URNAL 11 all-night ceremony. on the Allegheny,beginning about 1887. travel many miles to attend sales where Shore, used by a pioneer miller, George During these eventful days he became There he made his first archaeological he could obtain scenes of his favorite sub- Sipes, has the marks made by Indian bullets rhe friend of Colonel W. F. Cody; discoveries and the tribe adopted him as jects- His collections which began in 1877, as he was fired at while tradingalong the Sitting Bull", the great Sioux Chief; Col- earlier the Sioux had done because of his was almost worth a visit to his home. H.e Susquehanna. What became of his complete onel Quantrell; Jack Crawford; "The Pact fair dealing and honest discoveries. lisa collected photographs of figures in the collectionof Indian relics is well known, as Scout"; Wild Bill Hickock; and Calamity old West's history, most of them being they are housed in Dr. Wurscer's museum, He was directedto gravesmade long but not as certain is what became of his Jane. Wild Bill was proud of his Pennsyl- bef ore the "grant '' was started, making given to him by the great characters,them- vania blood which said Martin, "held back some very astonishingfinds. He opened selves. His early likeness of Calamity Jane Currier-Ives, and collection of photographs his desii:eto marry the lovely, dark Jane, graves covered with flagstone tops, to keep explained her great hold over men, a and tintypesof frontier men and women which broke that hard woman's loving the remains protected from the wolves, beautiful dark girl with regular features and Indians of node. And yet, the memory heart." Centennial Year brought him back some of which contained the finest She was naturaland charming"Martin of Dudley Allen Martin is imperishable co Pennsylvania,leaving his place as the types of Indian jewelry, garrnencs,and described her. His great freight boat carved for his useful gathering of priceless mem- second greatest slayer of buffaloes open firearms.One tomb containeda den of out of a large block of white pine at Jersey entos of a vanishing race. No one after that questioned the honors rattlesnakes,another a rabbitwarren. He of Buffalo Bill (Col. Cody). was directed to Fort Berthelsdorf. the last + His father, was now conducting a sawmill establishedtrading post on the banks of at Lockport, and Martin, good at figures, Sinnemahoning, making unusual "hauls"; in Lumber Rafting on Big Pine Creek becamea prize scaler of logs and the inti- fact, his later sites were on the sites of white as told by John S. Beck, Deceased matefriend of Chet King, Joe Colberth, men's tmding poses Jim David and the Quigley brothers, INI'RODUCTION all of this timber during the next few years, f avowed rivermen. He met a number He learned archery from the Senecas John S. Beck, son of George and and then to clear some of his land for a of SenecaIndian raftsmenwho told and brought down deer with arrows,, as Catharine Beck, was born in Jackson Town- rhe best braves could do. He here farm. He had made a small clearing in the him of the Indianvillage near Lock ship, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, Dec- woods,built a frame housefor his family, port and advisedhim to continuehis shadedbison and antelopesin the ember 19, 1849, and died in Cogan House and a "bunkhouse '' or lumber camp for his childish pastime of collecting Indian arrow west, deer and bears in Pennsylvania with Township, Api:il 30, 1946 hired men. heads. This had been a pastime since his his Henningerand Harder rifles. He won As a young man he worked in the lumber When my brotherand I came there,they tenth year and he continued it actively on many archery hatches with the Indians; woods about five years, but in 1877, with were building a sawmill, to saw the timber the West Branch again. one was held at his home at Dubois in into lumber. As soon as the mill was finish- 1895with a band of Senecaswho had ar his wife he moved to Cogan House Town The Indian remains near his Lockport ship, where he resided until his death ed and the sawingstarted, we were given home were considerable. The Monseys lived f or the Centennial of Williamsport. He purchased 100 acres of heavily work at the mill. My brother went to work had several villages there and the re- He knew the elder John Dubois who once on the lumber piles. A man was neededto said he wished he had become an archaeolo- woodedland and during the next thirty mains were noticeable--eventhe little years he had cleared 80 acres of the trees count the lumber as it was sawed each day. hillocks where their corn had grown were gist insteadof a hunter for virgin white and stumps, converting them into a fertile He also had to know the Roman numbed:s. numerous. Martin adopted Indian Archae- pine forests.He was fond of hiking but productive farm. He erected a comfortable and was to mark on eachpiece of lumber ology as a vacation pastime, putting all his his keen eyes never missed an Indian house, a large barn and other necessary in Roman numbers the Number of board sparetime at it, showinghis specimensto Artifact. Likewise, he saw much wild game buildings feet it contained.The headsawyer and I the Indian woodsmen,and gettingexact and almost stumbled over a large tawney He always took an active interest in were the only men there who knew the ideas of rarity and where they originated panther on the Bald Eagle Ridge back community affairs, holding the elective Roman numbers, so counting the lumber He made frequent trips between Lockport of his home in 1896. He served with George officeof SchoolDirector, for a periodof became my job. and Jersey Shore, exploring the mouths of Lundy Tome of Corydon, as honorary custodian for the Seneca cribs and cared 18 years. He was electedto the unenviably My knowing the Roman numbers is Plum Run. Chatham'sRun. Globe Run, and position of Over-seer of the Poor, for a another story. When I was in school one other tributaries of the "Big River", finding for the tomb of Phillip Tome, the peerless total of 9 years. of our arithmetic lessons was to learn them rich caches of unusual specimens. Old sett- hunter in fine shaded Forest Lawn Cemetery In his community he was known as a, Now at that time I could not see how know- at Corydon. He fought the U. S. Army Civil lers were proud of the "historic boy" and progressive", working for better schools, ing those numbers would ever be of any gave him rare articles they had collected. engineersto finish and put off the indun- roads and other projects for benefit of his use to me, and so I copied them on a small He extended his investigations up Tiadagh- ation of the Seneca Grant f or twenty years, neighbors piece of paper that I could hold in my hand ton, then being changedto Pine Creek. On I horror that is being agitatedagain, which while in the class. But my teachersoon a branch, Elk Run. near Blackwells, an old would swallow up the graves of Cornplanrer Early in 1872, when I was lust past caught on and told me lwould to learn lady took a fancy to him and gave him a Jane Logan and Johnny Half White twenty-two years old, iny brother George those foreign numbers, and to be prepared priceless specimen every tinge he stopped Dud[ey Martin was a living vo]ume of Indian Folklore. His collection of old Indian and I hired out to work for a Mr. Wesley to i'ecitethe next day withoutmy copy. at her home. The gem of them all Martin Childs, a lumberman.He had bought five That was a good many years ago, but consideredthe fire clay pantherpipe, a ballads was prodigious. and a visit with him hundred acres of heavily tiinbered land I have noticedsince then that a person perfect piece of modelling, always numbered to the grave was to witness an ovation. Mr. along Cedar Run, about three and a half can usually find a use for most anything One" in his priceless group of curios Martin was an active collector of Currier miles fom where that stream empties into he has learned.Well, to get back to the He accepted invitations to visit the reid ind Ives prints, specializingon thosedepic- Big Pine Creek. sawmill,where by the way, I was paid two lives of Cornplanter on the memorialgranr ting Indian life and hunting. Hc would It was Mr. Childs' intention to cut off cents an hour more than the other fellows, 12 T H E JO URNAL 13 who did not know the roman numbers. contain between fifteen thousand and carpenter trade, so I asked the fellow to snows and rains had raised Big Pine Creek The area drainedby Big Pine Creek is twenty thousand feet of lumber, and often let me try a couplewhile he caughthis [o flood scale; at daylight the six of us goc very large, and at than time was very twenty platforms would make up one raft. breath. Mr. Childs came along about that onto our raft, wavedto our friends,and heavily timbered. This was bef ore the rail- These platforms had to be built in the time, and when he saw I was !makingout wereon our way to the river. road was built up Big Pine Creek, so that water, lor if they had been bunt on the all right, told me to keep on at it, and took To me, on my first trip on a raft, it was the streamw&s wised to get the logs and dry land, it would have been impossible the other fellow off [o do some really hard very exciting. I was on the front end of lumberout to a market.Many of the logs to move them into the water. Ola timers work. the raft helping to handle the oar, and my were floated downstream on the spring at rafting-inseldom got wet; new hands After workinga coupleof hours,I asked place was the one nearestthe end of the floods. and much of the sawed lumber was often got more than their feet wet. how many more lshould bore; Mr. Childs raft. Next to me was one of my friends, floated down in huge lumber rafts Once, a platfoi:m of lumber that extended said he thoughtI had enoughfor a while, Martin Fable, and at the end of the oar Mr. Childs had almost one million feet several hundred feet upstream was to be and to sit down and rest. Well. I went for was the pilot. Up there at the very end of of hemlock. and over three hundred thou- moved down to go into a certain place in a drink of water and when lcame back the raft I had a funny feeling. I was ner- sand feet o f hardwood lumber. On an the raft. Mr. Childs thought the men l I saw where a man was needed. so wend vous and just a little bit afraid. The current adjoining tract of land, but with his saw- should get some ropes to hold and control [o work. One of the men said. "If Childs was swift. and the water was cold when mill locatedon Big Pine Creek, a man by its floatingdownstream, but the pilot said ever told me to sit down and rest, I'd sit once in a while a bit of spray was thrown the name of John Hillborn was sawing they would not need the ropes, and goc theretill he Coldme to go to work again. in my face.I had heardof accidentshap- out a stock of three million feet of lumber. onto the platform with a long pole. He While the rafts were being built, the pening to rafts, of men being thrown off All of this lumber was bought by one man, pushed the platform into the current, and pilot was lookingover the men on the into the water. lwondered what chance and arrangements were made to build guided the front end until it came to a job, and wondering where he could get a one would have of getting out if some- twelverafts to float this four and a half- stop against the bank of the stream. The crew to run his raf ts. He asked the different thing like that did happen.Many times million feet of lumber down the Susque- back ot the platform was pushed ahead by men if they had ever snubbed a raft, and that first half hour, I almostwished myself hanna River to the markets in southern the current to make a half turn. By the when he found that no one there had. he back at the camp. At many places the Pennsylvania and Maryland. time the platform had made its half turn, went to Childs and asked about getting streamhad run over its banks.and as I The sawingon both jobs was finished che pilot had run to what had been the a crew, as he had not found anyone with looked out over that large piece of water, in I)ecember 1,873. and at once work was back end. but which now was the front any experience in stopping a raft. I over I wondered how the pilot could know started on building the raf ts, or "rafting- end, and guided it into the bank, thus start- heard Childs tell him not to worry about where the channe] was located, and what in." as it was called. There was lots of ing anotherhalf turn. Severalhalf turns a crew, as either one of the Beck boys was [o keep us from running onto the flag lumberinggoing on in the Big Pine Creek soon brought the platform to its desired could stop a raft any place he asked them bottom land, where there would not be Valley, and our twelverafts were not the place in the raft. to. I thought to myself, "Mr. Childs, you enough water to float our raft. only ones to go downstreamthat year. We fellowsstanding on the bank of the streamdid not at first understandwhat don't know how little I know about stop At other places the banks of the stream A lumber raf t was made of a series of ping a raft were high and we had a narrow channel, platforms or lumber piles, fastened togeth- the pilot had in mind; when the platform Early in March the twelve rafts were where the water semed to be much swifter. er end to end, with a joint, so that this first started to turn, one of the green horns finished and tied up in Big Pine Creek, There were bendsand turns to be made: long chain of platformscould go around jumped into the water and yelled, "T'll awaiting the spring flood when they could I thought, "What if we can't make one the curves in the stream and over the spill- hold itl" The pilot saw what the man was be floateddown to the river and tied up of those turns; what if the front end gets ways of the various dams in the creek and trying to do, and called, "Let her swing: in Larry's Creek Eddy. From there two fast in the bank and the back end starts river. There were often twenty platforms By this time the man was up to his neck in the water, in the middle of the stream. rafts wouldbe tied together,side by side, to swing around, and we are jammed in in one raft, so it might be four hundred and floated down the river to their destin- the channel?" These and many more feet from one end to the other. There was but managed [o crawl onto the platform ation thoughts bothered me, till I was wondering an oar at each end of the raft to guide it. High and dry on the bank of the stream, The flood in Pine Creek wouldnot last why I ever consented to go as part of the The pilot and two helperswere on the we wereat first scaredfor our friend in crevr. front end and the steersmanwith two rhe water,but whenwe saw he was safe long, so it was necessaryto get the rafts out helpers was on the back end. The steers- on the platt orm, our anxiety changed ingo of there as soon as possible. It was our plan As the currentcarried us along and -1 to take one out every day until we had them nothinghappened, I soon got over iny man had more control over guiding the laughter. He had to take a considerable all down the river. As the distancefrom nervousness. One in a while we would amount of kidding for thinking he alone raft thandid the pilot. make a stroke with our oar, but really The pilot and steersman were specialists could hold back twenty thousand feet of Cedar Run to Larry's Creek Eddy was about lumberin that swift current. twenty miles, we would make that run there was very little to do. in this work, and were brought in by the in four or five hours and have the rest man who had purchasedthe lumber.It In building a platform, a large number A short distance above Waterville. a was their job to overseethe building of the of selected two-inch plank were marked of the day to walk back to Cedar Run, to man named Stoddard had a saw mill. with raf ts and rhe floating of them to their [o have two-inch holes bored in them. and be ready for our next trip the ncxt day. I a dam across Pine Creek. We would have destination think Chat walking was about the hai:deft through these holes, pins would be placed work I ever did. Some of the men weren't to go over this dam with our raft. When To me, the building of the platforms, [o hold the platform together. One of the I thought of that, I again had nervous was an interesting experience. The lumber men was given the hand auger to bore able to make it in one day, even though chills. These dams were built with a flat they did stop at the various hotels for platform as a spillway, and made so the was stacked in great piles along Big Pine the holes; he had never done any work refreshments. Creek, and early in January 1874 the work like that, and was not making out too well. rafts could ride over the dam on the spill- of rafting-in began. Each platform would Now, I had worked one summer at the Finally came the day when the melting way. The drops from the spillway was 14 TH E JO U R NAL 15 about five feet to the level of the water end of the raft close to the back of the soaking wet, but not being used to rowing, way. Now there were three rafts with about below the dam. stream. I was unable to get acrossthe swift current a million feet of lumber in one awful mix- As our raft enteredthe backed up water I took the rope and played out abDuL Another man came co my aid and said if UP of the dam, it semed as though we almost hfty feet ot slack,got the rest of the coil we could get the boat upstream a ways, By that time I decided there was enough came to a shop: but slowly we moved for- on my shoulder,and when the raft came he might get across.He finallydid, and lumber jammed in that narrow channel. I ward toward the spillway. As we came closeto the bank, jumped off the raft right the two men were taken to Stoddard's camp ran upstreamas fast as I could to warn nearer, we were caught in the suction of at the tree I had selected.I ran around the where they were given dry clothesand a the crews of the other rafts coming down the vast atnount of water pouring through cree clock-wise,and threw my coil of rope vhance to get warm. Aside from the duck that the channelwas blocked.I got the the spillway, and it seemed to greatly in- over that part of the rope char was screeched ing, they were none the worse f or their crews of the next two rafts coming along [o creaseour speed.Suddenly we were hang- from the raft to the tree. Then pulling my experience. tie up. They told me there were no more ing in mid air coil of rope back under-the part stretched By this time another raft put in its ap- rafts coming, so I went downstream to the Then it seemed the front end of the raft from the raft to the tree, Iliad a half hitch, pearanceon the crest of the dam. When the dam to see how they were getting along took a nose dive into the whirling, roar or snub, on the raft. Then giving out my pilot saw the raft acrossthe channelhe with clearing the channel. They had cut the ing water below the dam. I felt as though slack on the rope very slowly, lsoon had decidedto break it in two. and clear the raft that was across the channeland had I was there all alone and wonderedwhat the raft coming to a stop. stream. He sent his [wo helpers tothe back gorren part of it away and tied. Soon the to do. But not for long. Things happened When the raft was stopped, I called to of the raft to help the crew there hold the other part was floated clear and tied to awfully quick. The oarblade caught in the rhe steersman for instructions. He had sent raft from cunning.When his franc plat- some trees along the bank. The other rafts water and whipped the oar from our grasp, his two helpersf onward to help with the form hit the raft that was acrossthe chained. were now free to go on their way. swinging it around with a force we could repairing of the oar blade, and said I should instead of breaking it in two, it stat:ted to I walkedback to Cedar Run and had a not stop. The pilot and Fabel mar)aged to lust hold the raft as it was. Soon the two slide over the first one. It went forward great story to tell the boys at the supper get away from it by squattingon the raft, men returned, reporting everything was all until it was about half way over, and then table that night. In baking our eleven other: and letting it pass over their heads. But I right, and they were readyto go on. By stopped. It reminded me of a big snake rafts down Pine Creek. we had no further had no place to go ot get away from it chastime the back end of the raft had crawling over a log. This time there were mishaps. After this when going over Stod- I would have been pushed off the raft swung out into the middle of the scream, no broken oars or duckings. dai:d's dam we actually sat on our oar to into the water, had I not jumped over the so it would have been rather hard for me Soon after this, another raft came over keep the blade out of the water. The rides oar as it came towards me. As it was, my to get back on the raft. The steersmancall- the dam and headed for the mix up. I can downstream in the early morning were a feet were caught by it, and I was thrown ed to me, "Let go the rope, Johns We'il go well rememberthe look of surpriseon the pleasant experience,but the walking back fiat on the raft. We a]] were aJ] i:ight but on without you. Yo can go back [o camp faceof the pilot.He wasa tallman with became very tiresome felt we had a close call. and be ready to start out tomorrow a high black hat pushedback on his head. I have often thoughtof that first ride We got our oar back in placeand found I watched the rare disappear around a He made the same decision as did the other I had on the raft, of our mishapat the the blade had been broken off, so that our bend in the stream, then decided to go pilot--that he would knock those two dam, and of che two men who were old front end of the raft was out of control. up to the darn and watch the other rafts raf ts out of the channel. He sent two of handsat rafting, but who near]ylost their We were being carried rapidly down comeover the spillway.I had lust gotten his Rien back [o help hold the raft from lives. I guess I was born lucky, for in look- stream, and it was necessary to tie up the there when a raft came over the dam. It. turning,but he had no better luck. His ing back, I can recall a number of wham raft to repair the broken oar too, had the oarblade caught in the swirling raft startedto slide over the one that was semed like close calls, but Ihave never had The pilot looked at me, and said, "John, water and the oar pulled from the grasp across the stream, but only got about half a seriousinjury. how about you getting off to snub the of the mcn holding it. One man pushed off raft?'' I said "All right," and made my way the side of the raft and was helped back as fast as I could [o the last platform, and on by the piJoc. The man who had occupied told the crew back there what had happen- the position I had on our raft, was pushed What the Forest N4eant to the Pioneers ed and that I was to snub the raft. Now I off the front end of the raft. and rolled had never stopped a raft by snubbing, but out from under the secondplacf orm, where by Dr. Lewis E. Theism I hadseen it done.I knewI hadto get he was seepedby the pilot and pulled onto the raft. The two men who had been in So generally did our early historians limit [o us that the forest was, by and large, the ashore and hitch a good strong rope around their attentionto wars and battlesthat it a large tree.Then I'd have to let out the the water were in no condition for any enemy of the pioneer. That idea is entirely slack on the rope slowly enough so that work, and in fact there was nothing they is only now that we are coming to realize false; for actually,the forest was probably the raft would not be stopped too sudden- could do. as their oarblade.too. was broken. that history is the completestory of human his best friend. So let us look at the situ- ly and their raft going down stream,out of life--including the score of man's el)vir- ation critically. There was a large coil of two inch rope control. It only went a short distance when onment and its effect upon him. In all In any listof helpfulthings that the on the last platform, with one end tightly the front end caught on a gravel bar, and probability we do not even yet comprehend pioneer got from the forest, we must first fastenedto the cross braces. I asked the the back cnd of the raft began [o swing the relationship of our pioneers to their mentionhis home.Indeed. it was the steersmanif he could get the end of the around. The stream was too narrow for it environment--theforest. Penn's Woods Pennsylvaniarifle and the log cabin that raft close to the bank so r could jump ofT to make a complete turn, and it finally was most aptly named. It mal a woods-- conquered the wilderness. Choosing a where there was a large tree a shore distance came to a shop direct]y across the channel. and what a forest it wast The eternal gloom suitablesite, the pioneer felled the frees aheadof us. He said "All right," and with There was a rowboat near by, and I got of the deep shade made the settlers lear it arid cut them to length--and he didn't a few strokeswith his oar soon had the it to row over to get the two men who were and hate it. And the idea has come down have a saw, at that. He notched them and 16 TH E JO U R NAL 17 rolledthem up to form a cabin. With Islands." To such places, in spring, came exactlythe same way that the early pioneers aral point in midstream, to direct the water: stones, or with lengths of branches coated the settlersto get their winter's supply of did to that point. Here an opening was left with clay, he made a chimney. Soon he had fish. It is recorded that at Lawson's Even when we come to Mr. Ellis' time. to permit the water to pour through.And a roaring fire and the new home was snug Island 2600 shad were caught in one haul many years after the reining described, the in this opening a platform of slats is built, enough to support life in some comfort. of a seine. river was still the source of f ood for many with high board sides. The fish, sweeping His fuel also camc from the forest. It Dr. S. W. Fletcher, in his "History of foaks. One day in May of 1867, Mr. Ellis down with the current,are washedup on was the tops and limbs of the ti:ees he felled. Pennsylvania Agriculture", quotes Gilbert went down to the river to get his winter this platform and stranded there, the water So there he was, safely established in a H. Fowler as saying that ''The Susquehanna supply of shad. By that time the Muncy dropping down between the slats. All the sturdy home almost over night. If the Pil- shad constituted the principle food of all Dam was more than thirty years old. He fishermanhas to do is to pick up the fish gi:ims of Plymouth had had log cabins, it the inhabitants along the Susquehanna. At took his stand at the foot of the chute Eels by the hundreds of thousandshave been is almost certain that the death toll that the Webb fishery--doubtless in the Norah where there was an eddy. Fish would often caught in fish basketsas they come swim- first winter, when half of them died, would Branch--l have known 11.000 or 12.000 rest in this eddy before attempting to ming down the river towardthe sea in the have been much less. In their so-called shad to be taken at one haul. Shad were breast the swift water in the chute. Armed autumn. 1, myself, have spent some time on English wigwams, real fires were impossible. considered the best and cheapest of all food. with a dipnet, which in Mr. Ellis' own a fish basket at night, so that I have personal But what about food? The little pack The common price was three to four cents-- wordswas ''aboutas big as an old bread knowledge of this phase of supplying rhe of provisions that the pioneer brought into a shade At Stewart's fishery, one of a dozen basket," he filled his barrel with shad family larder. Such experiences help one the forest would not last very long. 'D7hat in Luzerne County, 10.000 shad were caught in four hours. On one occasion he dipped to reconstruct the old days. then? The forest and the streamsprovided at a single haul. The seine could not be up nine shad at one scoop of the nct. But fish were not the only food the rivers food in abundance.All the pioneer had to pulled ashore but the shad were scooped 'Gigging", as fish spearing used to be brought. Untold multitudes of ducks, geese, do was take it. into boats, loaded in wagons, and hauled called, was a prime method of catching fish and other aquatic birds moved along the )ff Carrying a flaming pine knot in one hand rivers. Ihave seen considerable flocks of In a recent issue of our society's new pub chem come down on the water in front of licarion appeared the brief autobiography Shining was necessarily a neighborhood ind a spearwith prongsin the other, a that Gen. John Burrows wrote.He tellsthe affair. It is easy to picture the men at Law- fisherman waded slowly along in the stream my home and go fishing for their own story of how he won a farm in a walk-- son's Island when they hauled the seine at night, speakingsuch fish as the light suppers.In early days they swarmed over the very farm where you had your pilgrim- ashore with its 2600 shad. There. on the drewclose enough to him. Mr. Ellis told the land in countless flocks. age in 1954. To win it, he walked to the shore, were the basketsof salt and the many me thad,in one night, he had spearedas The fbrest. too. had its bird life. Wild Philadelphialand office faster than his barrels to receive the fish. The boat with much as thirty pounds of choice "Susque- turkeys of amazing size, like those that rival could make it on horseback. His the net was rowed out from the shore and hanna salmon'' or wall-eyed pike, not to William Penn wrote about, grouse,wild rival had gottenthe jump on him. Why? b;Lckagain at a point furtheralong the mention quantities of other fish. pigeons and other birds filled the forest Burrows was out in the forest. For what bank, the seine being paid out as the boar All this is very familiar to ine, for when at certainseasons. They were easy to kiU. purpose? To get food for his family. proceeded.Then all hands would take hold gigging was still legal I had a boat especially Wild pigeons seemed to be absolutely in- It happens that I own some of the land of the ends of the cumbersome net and rigged for such fishing, with three gasoline exhaustible. Professional hunters killed that General Burrows owned down on the slowly drag the heavy thing toward shore. flares backed by bright tin reflectors, to them by the millions.I have read that wild Muncy Dam. Fortunately, loong ago What a sight it must have beens Even a shield the eyes and throw the light down pigeons were once sold in Williamsport talked to some of the old timers there hundred great, flopping fish would make on the water. Although we caught numer- and other cities f or a few cents a dozen. The settlers salted them down in barrels about the old days. In regard to those early your eyes bulge. But here were 2600 of ous fish this way, the most enjoyablepart days we are no doubt fortunatein the fact thetnl We can see the farmers selecting the of the sport was the opportunity it off;red as they did the fish. Beech nuts were their that circumstances so long delayed the buck shad, throwing the roeshadback into to study the night life of the river favorite food. When these nuts were ripe, development of the area. The early Indian the river, and splitting, cleaning and salting, Another thing that I have done which pigeons swarmed in the beech woods in trouble.the Frenchand Indian W'ar. the ind packingthe catchin their barrels.If the old timers did was to set outlines. An such multitudesthat they broke the tree Revolution, with its Wyoming massacre one haul of the seine did not bring in all outline is simply a long, strong line mar limbs with their weight and its Great Runaway,and later the land the fish desired, other casts would be made. will reach fiona shore to shore. Wooden Dr. Fletcher quoted Mr. Charles Miner, speculators, all united to drive the pioneers for the fish came rushing upstream end- floats spaced along rhe line kept it up. an old-time resident of Wilkes-Barre. as out of the area or to delay its development. lessly. Hooks were attachedto it at intervals 8f follows: "The whole heavens were dark six feet or so. When men fished with out- So that "the old days" are not really so Let us turn to Mr. Tom Ellis, long a with them, the cloud on wings continuing distant after all. resident of the Muncy Hills, who died lines, they practicallymade a night of it, to pass for an hour or more, and cloud [o removethe fish that had been hooked succeeded cloud. There were not millions At that time shad and other fish swarmed probably more than twenty years ago at and renew the baits. They went over the but myraids.Towns were built by them in the Susquehanna. Just below the site the age of almost ninety. His memory took line severaltimes. Mr. Ellis told me that of the Munch dam, which was erected about him far back into the last century. In the for five ot six milesalong the Meshoppen-- in one night he had taken as many as 400 every branch and bough of every tree hold- 1830, was Lawson's island, nearly [en acres sense that the region then followed the prac- eels on an outline across in extent. It has since disappeared. tices of early days, this was still a pioneer ing a rude nest." Dr. Fletcher tells of the It becamea notedshad fishery, like the period. Remember that folks then had none From the Indians the pioneers learned how last great flight of pigeons over Lancaster island near Selinsgrovethat was owned by of our modern conveniences. So they grew [o use fish baskets. Stones were pi]ed in County, in 1846. "The dense mass of pig- low walls in the stream, outward and eons," he wrote, "extended to the eastern Jimmy Silverwood. who signed his name their own vegetables,raised and preserved downward from either shore toward a cen- horizon and as far north and south as the James Silverwood, Master of Seven their own meats,and stored their foods in 18 T H E JO U RNAL 19 eye could see, and was continuousfrom One of Tome's efforts for years was to time of halves,the childrenand young draws this picture in his book "On the about 12:30 to 4:30 P. M." Dr. Fletcher lasso elk and bring them alive to .the people resorted to the fallen timber in I rontier with Col. Antes." Looking below says that in one day, in May, 1851,the civilizedsections. J:le said he couldget large companies,under guard, for the them at the bed of the creek, they saw a American Express Co. carried over the New $1,000 dollars for a live elk delivered to purpose ot gathering the berries of which swamp filled with birch, beech, and elms, York and Ene Railway to New.York more a big town. E]k, it seems, will take [o a tarts were of ten made f or the harvest and groves of sugar maples. In the gap was than.. seven tons of pigeons. high rock whenrun down by dogs. When table Wild raspberries of an an abundanceot oaks,while all alongthe But birds were only a part, and a rela- he got an elk resting on a great boulder, agreeableflavor were found in many mountain were huge pines. In the level tively ; z // part, of the food supply that I'ome would put the noose ot his rope on places, but not plentiful anywhere land across the river were quantitiesof came from the woods and streams a long pole or sapling and get che noose Gooseberries of a small size, and very full walnut and butternut trees Absolutely incredible is the story of the around the elk's antlers. If possible, other of thorns, but of an agreeable taste, grew 'The first tree they selected was an elm, vast number of food animals that existed ropes were worked about the animal's legs. in some places in the woods. Whortle- the inner rind of which they wanted to in. Penn's Woods. Some pioneer farmers I'here were always several men in the party berries were never abundant in this section make into chair bottoms,because it was became professional hunters. Dr. Fletcher They would tie one end of che ropes fast of the country, but they were in many stringy and tough, and they also wanted tells about one of these hunters, a George to a tree, then drag the elk from the rock, places in the mountains Wild plums some of the wood for cart wheel navel Smith, of Elk County. Dr. Fletcher says and if necessarywork more ropes around were abundant in the rich land. They were (hubs), because it would not split easily. thadhe killed 14 panthers,500 bears, 30 its horns or legs. Then, with a horse to of various sizes and colors, and many of Near the elm was a sassafrastree which elk, 3.000 deer. 500 catamounts, 500 wolves, pull the animal forward if it tried to balk, Chem of excellent flavor . . Our fall fruits delightedthe boys, for the bark of the root and 600 wildcats.He was in much the same and the men behind to snub it if it tried were fall or winger grapes Of these made a delicious beverage.It was a tonic class as Philip Tome. [o dash foi:ward, they walked the animal grapes we had several varieties and some to the blood and pleasantto the taste. The Late in the year 1791, che Tome family out of the woods. of themwere large and of excellentflavor.' body of the tree was made into lengthsto took up land on upper Pine .Creek. The Tome tells about James King and a Mr Black hows grew on large bushes along make bedsteads,for the wood was not only familycame up the Susquehannain biy Manning, who, in 1794, went up Pine the moist bottoms of sinaJI streams.They handsome, but also bugs had an extreme canoes. At the selected site they erected a Creek in search of game. And also Indians grew in large clusters and ripened with the aversion to the wood and positively de- large, strong log cabin. They they cleared the When they arrived at the second fork of first frosts of the fall. Children were very clined to harbor near it. land. But Philip Tome was ever more of Pine Creek, Tome says, they saw about 40 fond of them. Red hows grew on white In the summerof 1775,the Rev. Philip a hunter than a farmer. Indeed. he became elk drinking in the screazn, and as far as thorn bushes. They were of various kinds Vickers Fithian, a young Presbyterian a professional hunter, and in his fascinating they could see they discoveredelk in rhe The sugar hows which were small, grew in clergyman, made a missionary journey book called ''Pioneer Life, or Thirty Years creek. They estimated that there were nearly large clusters,and when ripe were much up through the Cumberland Valley and then a Hunter," he gives a striking picture of 200 elk at the creek esteemed . Wild cherries were abundant on up the Susquehannato whatis now life in our region a century and a half ago The next day, about eight miles farther in many places.The children were very Milesburg, where he cut back through the After telling about the countless numbers up the creek, they arrived at the third fork fond of eating theta . .Pawpaws were mountains to the Juniata. He kept a most of game animals in his region, Tome wrote: of Pine Creek. Here they discovered a large plenty along the great watercourses and interesting diary. One of the interesting In 1803, a colony consisting of about forty tract of land that had been cleared by the on the rich hills. Somepeople were very things in Fithian's diary is his constant families of English people made a settle- Six Nations.They couldstill discernthe fond of them The crabapple was vei ' complaint about the bedbugs that tormented ment between the first and the second forks marks of the corn hills. In this vicinity abundant along the smaller wacercourses him in home after home. When he reached of Pine Creek. They cleared aboDE 250 there were a great many elk and bears Sour as the crabappleswere, the children a home that was free from vermin. he writes acres of land and built several good houses. Up stream about twelve miles they found were very fond of eating them, especially rapturously about the wonderful housewife But being unaccustomed to the danger R very large elk lick and saw about 60 elk. when in winner they could find them under in charge of that home. Whether Mcminn and hardship of pioneer life, they abandon- Nor was all the forest food in the f orm of the leaves, where, defended against rhe was correct in his thought that sassafras ed their settlement af ter sri:uggling along meator fish or fowl. There wereedible frost, they acquired a fine golden color, a wood kept theseunwelcome intruders away, for five years.As soonas the coastwas vegetable products as well. The Rev. Joseph fragrant smell, and lost much of their I do not know. But obviouslyit must have clear, deer from all the country round Doddridge, in 1824, wrote the volume sourness.The ladies were fond of them been a common belief in 1775 came to feed in the fields and sunny pas- known as ''Doddridge's Nodes." in the early for preserves Continuing his remarks about trees, 'tunes of 'the deserted settlement. This 1770's his family moved to thb country Of hickory nuts we had a great variety Mcminn proceedsthus: "Not far from the affordeda capitalopportunity for the hunt- west of the Alleghenies in upper Ohio. Hc Some of the larger shellbarknuts, with the sassafraswas a wild cherry tree, which ers. We would lodge in the upper chamber tells of the indigenousfruits found in that exception of the thickness of their shells, could not be neglected,for the bark soaked of some desertedhouse, and in the morning, country. The area was still a wilderness, and were very little inferior to the English in water furnished a tonic that helped the looking out of a window, could see perhaps Indians,wild beasts,and wild fowl were walnut. Of white walnuts (butternuts)' we appetite and restored the declining strength. forty deer. I have often shot a couple of everywhere. generally had a great abundance. Of Black Moreover, the color, texture. and smooth deer from a window before leaving rhe In his account of edible products, he has walnuts there were many varietiesas to size grain of the wood made it possiblefor its housein the morning."Tome killed hun- this to say: "Blackberries grew in abundance and amount of kernel. Hazel and chestnuts use in cabinet work. dreds of deer and brought back tons of in those places where, shortly before the were plenty in many places 'As they passedto a soil that was more meat to trade with folks in the settled parts settlementof the country,the timber had Yet homes and food were far from being in the nature of gravel, they came to locust for their products. Pioneers greatly needed been blown) down by hurricanes. (Evidently all that the pioneergot from the forest trees. These they wanted f or posts to make meat, but had so few cattlethat they could Hurricane Hazel was nothing new). When Our local historian, Mcminn, describing sheds for the protection of their cattle, for not spare any for beef. the berrieswere ripe, which was in the Co]. Arltes' home site opposite Jersey Shore, they would resist the influenceof the soil 20 THE JO U R NAL 21 better than other woods . . As the boys nang, were able to see well and even better they valued most was the black walnut. remedies that I have run across I found in sought a spring to quench their thirst, they than they could when candleswere used. 6ut of all the trees there was none trac rhe volume called "Early English and came to some nch birch trees, and the quan- AS fuel, pine knots lasted much longer and interestedthe boys so much as the sugar trench voyages." Captain James Cartier tity and size of them suggested the uses gave more heat than any other wood OI tnap[e.From this was made aJ] the sugar made his second voyage to Canada in 1535 to which the Indians had put these trees. tne forest. they could have for householduse. The From November to March of the following The men of the forest made dishes and Mcminn consistentlyuses the word tur sugar maples were their confectionary year, his vessellay at anchorin the St. boxesand canoesof the bark. The pecu- pentine where, I think, we would say tar. stores, and also the source of sweets for Lawrence.Evidently the crew got scurvy. liarity of this bark is that it will not rot. tMcMinn tells how the settlers made this their tea or coffee or chocolate. or home- To quote Carrier's narrative, "There died The boys remembered that they could split tar andput it in barrels.Ihe thingI wish made beer or cider. five and twenty of our best and chiefest the layers of this bark and write upon it [o call attentionto is the fact that this taf, Neither Mcminn nor the Rev. Doddridge men, and all the rest were so sick that we with ink that they made of the pull balls made in the Pennsylvania forests by "tar went fully into the matter of the "old wo- thought they would never recover again found on scrub oaks.. The leaves of one burners," was the lubricant used for decades man's doses," derived from herbs and other The captain went ashore and met a band variety, and the twigs too, made an excellent [o grease axles. Every prairie schooner, with growths, which constituted the only reme- of natives, among whom was Domagaia, an beveragethat was even more pleasant than its bulging white top, carried a tar bucket dies known on the frontier. But Mcminn Indian that he knew, who had been very sassafras. When the Indians made canoes hung from its rear axle. Thus, both the tar does have this to say: "The butternut they sick with the disease, his knees swollen. of the birch bark, they sewedthe strips and the wagon itself were Pennsylvania's gathered for their mother, the family all his sinews shrunk together, his teeth together with the slender, tough filaments contributionto the winning of the West; doctor. It was a benefit to all of them when spoiled, his gums rotten. Our captain seeing of spruce and cedar roots, and cemented for the prairie schoonerwas nothingin sick. Out of the bark of the ti:ee she made him now whole and sound,was mar- the joints with turpentine (or tar) from rhe world but a Conestogawagon, that was a decoction that was mild as a purgative, velousglad hopingto know of him the pine. Soon altai:, they came to a grove inventedin the ConestogaValley near and did not leavethe systemin a weakened how he had healed himself. Domagaia an- of beech trees, from which they got Lancaster. condition. No family was equipped for sick- swered that he had taken the juice and sappy material for wishes and switches. These But let us get back to Mcminn. "The ness without plenty of it on hand." of the leavesof a certain tree, and therewith served them in the place of ropes in many Antes lads," he says, were taken into the Just how and when these accomplished had healed himself." The captain obtained uses about their stables and sleds and carts fbrest to obtain spruce to add to the birch women acquired their knowledge of natural some of the leavesand boiled them. for his The great white pines were the pi:idc and still further improve the quality of the remediesit wouldbe difficultto say men to drink. But they were so distrustful of the forest. The wood was soft and spongy home-made beverage that was perfectly Undoubtedly they brought some of their that only one or two dared to taste the and easily worked. It could be made into safe for women and children to drink. When knowledge from abroad. Some of it they concoction and were presently made well all kinds of things and was the favorite tree they carried the branches home, they bowled mcst have picked up from the Indians. Then there was a mad scramble to obtain for boards. The larger trees were cut down the young twigs until they could easily Wherever they got it, they had an astonish- the material.It is thoughtthat this free and shaped into canoes.Some of these were strip back the bark." ( Webster's dictionary ing knowledge of the curative properties was a sasasfras tree. large enough to hold a score of persons.' says that an early meaning of bowling was of herbs and other plants. For many years 'Af ter this medicine was found." wrote (For years our society has had one of these to crush or bruise by rolling an object over oul: medical men scorned these "old woman's Cai:tier, "and proved to be true, there was canoesstored on the back porch and most something.) At any rate, after loosening doses," as they termed them. Now modern such a strife about it, who should be first of you havedoubtless seen it). the bark by "bowling" the family made a medicine is swinging back to theirs.Recent- [o rake it, that they were ready to ki]] one One of the most striking evidencesof drink which they sweetenedwith "molasses ly I met Mr. J. W. Copley, who is the another." He adds that they stripped bare American ingenuity is the way men made from the sugar tree--doubtless thick syrup manager of a 250 acre farm near Reading, a tree as big as any oak in France, and it fences. The New Englanders had to remove Mcminn tells how the Antes boys which is one of the severallarge farms on wrought so well Chat"if aJI the physicians the rocks in order to uncover enough soil gathered alder to make charcoal for the which the S. B. Pennick Co., leading phar- of Montpelier and Lovaine had been there for farming. They used these rocks for blacksmith shop, as it produced intense maceutical company, is raising medicinal with all the drugs of Alexandria, they fences. So the history of New England Ag- heat. They used the oak f or staves for barrels plants. The medicinal plants grown on these could not have done so much in one yore, riculture is written in stone--stone fences. and buckets.They were pleasedwhen they farms have an annualvalue of ten million as that tree did in sixe dayes." A footnote In Pennsylvania the huge stumps of the found white ash trees,f or, to quote Mcminn dollars or more. One thing especially in- in the text says that the bark of the white felled pine trees also made farming difficult. again, ''They had found so many rattle- terested me. Among other plants, this pine is also an antiscorbutic The settlers dug up these stumps, rolled snakes that they feared they would be experimenter is working with the May apple Probably no one knew more about these them to the edges of their fields arid placed bitten, arid they knew that if they were, or mandrake.This is knownto be helpful matters than did Gene Stratton Porter. whose them on their sides,with their long roofs rhe leavesand bark of the white ash were in some diseases and the prospect is char books about the woodsstirred all America interlocking. Such a fence was impenetrable an exceIJenE antidot.-. Of the body of the in the near future it may be used extensi- some forty years ago. The hero in her There are still a few specimensremaining tree they made oars and cart frames, and vely. If it is, plant hunters will quickly book, "The Harvester," was splitting tender up in the North Mountain area and else- plow beams and handspikes. exterminate the generous growths of this twigs of willow and removing tl;e bark. where in this region. Turpentine was made Nowhere do we get a sharper picture of plant that are found so widely. The object You're a good tonic," he mused, "and go from pitch pine." ( Probably Mcminn meant our progressthan in Mcminn's description of these experiments is to determine into some medicine for rheumatism." When whether the cultivated naandrake will have tar.) The knots of the pitch pine furnished of the early broom. "They took the black he begarl to peel spicebush twigs he re- the best of fuel. Fallen pine trees rotted ash and pounded it until it was a mass of exactly the same properties as the wild ones marked, "You don't peel as easy as the away, but left the knots hard and full of splints. These they tied u,ith withes and so For drugs have to have exactly the qualities wi[[ow, but ] like you better, because you pitch. These were carried to the cabin, and had excellentbrooms, to the delight of the they are supposed to have will make some miserablesick child well rhe settlers having lighted them in the eve housewife." They gathered nuts and the nut The earliest account of the use of natural or you may cool some one'sfevered brow 22 THE JO U R N AL 23

Again, the Harvester was talking to the dimples of her day -catnip, thyme, pepper- foremotherswere the court of last resort. tioned in this article, we perhaps gain a carpenter who was building his house. "l've mint, pennyroyal, and so on. Especially do Life or death of dear ones depended upon new idea of what the forest meant to the got to dig my year's supply of skunk cab: I recall the pennyroyal; f or she gave me a cheer "old woman's doses." No wonder pioneer. The pioneer thought of it as his babe," he said, ;'else folks with asthma and penny a bunch for gathering it. At any rate, they were so meticulous in compounding enemy. He talked about the gloom of the dri;psywho dependupon me will be short here were the ingredientsfor the unnum- them or so faithful in administeringthem woodsand the terror of its wild life and on relief. I ought to take my sweetflag, erable doses, such as boneset tea. that she But over and beyondthat matteris the the fear of the Indians. But his views were too. but I'm so hurried now that I think brewed. Such doses 77z#iF have had much matter of where they go/ the medicinal warped. Apparently he did not appreciate I'll leaveit until fall; I do when I can, be- efficacy, or probably few of the early settlers drugs. A few herbs they brought with them or comprehend the vast array of blessings cause the bloom is so pretty around the would have survived the rigors of their life from abroad.But, by and large, the forest, that the wildernessgave him. But time has lake and the bees simply go wild over Perhaps twenty-five years ago I was calk- the open fields, and streams,were their remedied that shortsighredness. When we the pollen. Sometimes I think I can detect ins with my old Professorof Greek. He sources of supply. Therein they found all look at the things we have today, and they it in theirhoney. Do you know,I've often was born on the desolateprairie, where the natural remediesmentioned and many, are marvelous indeed, we cannot forget wondered if the honey my bees make has neighborswere milesapart and doctors non- many others. So curative plants were a part one thing: every item we possess costs medicinal properties and should be kept existent. He got to talking about "old of the bounty of the wilderness money, often much honey. The wilderness separate in different seasons woman's doses." "My mother," he said, When we consider the innumerable furnished the pioneers with great posses- 'ls this a thought for our medical men used to treat such and such an ailment things that the forest furnished to the sions. The only cost was that or taking to consider? it is interesting that doctor:s with lobelia. Then medical m:n scoffed ac pioneer, only some of which could be men- them now say that honey is good for folks with that. But now, I observe,the leading phy- bad hearts. siciansuse lobelia just as my moshe; did." In early spring," went on the Harvester, Oddly enough,war often leads to the when che plants and bushesthat furnish most beneficial results. Before the late Accessions to the N£useum the roots and barks of most of the tonics conflict, the source of belladonna was in are in bloom,and the bees gather the Europe. There medicinalherbs had been 1. Doll Cradle and Child's Bureau 10.Horse Collar--WonFirst Prize at pollen, that honey should partake, in.a grown for years, the wild ones having been degree,of someof the propertiesand be practically exterminated by plant hunters. (1875). Gift of Miss Margaret Bingham the World's Fair in Cllicago ( 1873), prop- good medicine. suddenly deprived of gi:cat numbers of med- Coryell, Williamsport, Penne. erty of Mrs. Julius Huliar, Manufacturer The Harvester was talking to a dear old icinal herbs, American drug finns found 2. Hobby Horse and Child's Desk. Gift of Horse Collars in Collomsville,Lycoming County, Penna. Two pictures concerning lady in the city, to whom he had lust sold themselves faced with the necessityof of C. Stewart Coryell, Williamsport, Penne. Mr. and Mrs. Hullar. Gifts of Mrs. Eliza- some violets. He explained to her thad he producing their own drug plants. 3. Satin Parasol.cream silk. lace trim grew several sorts ol violets for the drug Take beJladonna, for example. Extracts (1890). beth M. Feilee, W'illiamsport, Penna houses.and that the flowers were used in of belladoma are used by oculisrs to dilate Beaded Bag ( 1908). 11. Contents of Large Trunk, containing making delicate rests for acids and alkalis, pupils beforeeye examinations.The drug Pair White Kid Gloves ( 1910) beautiful ladies wearing apparel, gowns, and that the entire plant, flower, seed, leaf, is also used to lessen spasms and whooping Gifts of Miss Louise C. Roberts. Wil- blouses,hats, scarfs ( 1880-1900). and root went into different remedies.Then cough.It is usefulin the treatmentol liamsport, Penna. Beautiful Duchess Satin Wedding he asked her if she would like to have him colic, cramps,and asthma.Digitalis is Gown ( 1886). known to all sufferersfrom head trouble. 4. Trumpet. Manaufactured by Henry Carved Rosewood Victorian Sofa. bring her some lilies of the valley from Distort Horn Works, July 1880.Willed to his beds. Thyme, found everywhere in turkey stuf- Lycoming HistoricalSociety by Henry Gifts of Mr. George R. Lamade and 'Well, bless my soul," che lady ex- fing, is used in the production of thymol, Diston Kahler. Family, Williamsport, Penna. claimed, ''do you mean to tell me that lilies a disinfectant and germacide 12. Calendar Clock of the valley are medicine? No one will ever know when and where 5. Star of Hope, Volume 1, Number Regulator A Clock. The Harvester assured her that they 40, Weekly Newspaper.Gift of Mrs. Hart Rosewood. Four Octaves Melodeon and how our early foremothers acquired ranfr, Williamsporc,Penne. were. "J scarcely knoll' what weak hearted cheer marvelous knowledge of these values Presented by Mr. and Mrs. Norman S. 6. Unbound Book "The Abbot-Adlum- people would do without them," he Like a crazy quill, Chat knowledge was no Caldwell, Williamsport, Penna. explained. doubtput togetherin tiny bits of experi- Green Families", Compliments of Mrs. John 13. Ladies Black Jet Shoulder Cape. Gift 'b(y first intimate acquaintance with "old ence, tradition, suggestion,and truth. At Abbey Walls, Baltimore, Maryland of Miss Alexander, Williamsport, Penna woman'sdoses" came when I was seven any rate, the debt we owe to those brave 7. Book, Souvenir of Williamsport, 14. Six Japanese Lanterns; Five Watches; years old and was visiting an aged greer old mothers who faced every hardship and Penne., containing short Directory. Gift aunt in Connecticut.If she were alive to- One Ivory Colored CashmereWedding peril in a frightful wilderrless,and gave of Mr. andMrs. RobertSchultz. R. D.. Gown; One Embroidery-trimmed Blouse; Linden, Penna. day, she would probably be considerably their lives to acquiring the vast knowledge Three Pieces of Lingerie (1880). Gifts of more than 125 years old. So her plant lore they acquired in fields innumerable, is a 8. Booklet in German (1876) of Bap- Mrs. Julia Kleeman Bower, Williamsport, must have been learned from the last of the debt we largely overlook. It doubtless re- tist Church. Gift of C. F. Eisenmeng8r, Penne. early settlers.Never can I forget her fra- quired just as much courage and fortitude R. D., Montoursville, Penna 15. Collection of 11 Paintings. Bequeath- grant attic. The odor of it is indes- for them to face the possible deaths of their 9. PowderHorn and Pistol.Gift of ed to Lycoming Historical Society by cribable, and is lust as tmforgettable dear ones who were seriously ill as was Mrs. George B. Konkle, R. D., Montours- as it was fragrant. There, hanging in great required for the men to go out and fight ville, Penna. Frances Tipton Hunter, lace of Philadelphia, bunchesfrom the rafters. were all the Indians. For, in countless cases, our brave Penne., formerly of Williamsport, Penne 24 T H E JO U R NA L

From the Williamsport Saturday EveningReview, February 23, 1895 # Society brother of the groom, acted as bestman The approach of Lent has certainly affec ted society and placed it practically at a I'":.'.J=':h:=''..=p= .£. ==: standstill in this city. 7'#e /?eplew for the from which they will reside at Sinnema- two weekspast has had bur few social honning, where Mr. Baird fills a railroad events to publish. position. A delightful musical was given for the benefit of the Christ church organ fund last Personal Monday evening at the residence of Mrs J. V. Brown. Col. Coryelcalled his staff officersto the city Tuesday evening last for consul- Miss Helen Bentleygave a high Tea, last tation Thursday afternoon, in honor of Miss Kapp, of Baltimore. Manager Davis, of the Williamsporc Passenger Railway Company, is attending Miss Emery entertained the Tuesday rhe electrical convention in Cleveland. Night Whist Club this week. This was the Ohio last game of the series. City Engineer George Noble Harrison was in New York Cctv Snyder won first men's prize, and Miss mis week. Jennie Weed fii:st ladies'prize. There were Steve Harrison was in the city this week three progi:essing tables. Mr. and Mrs. John G. Henderson were Last Tuesday night Miss Helen Turner in I)anville over Sunday last. gave a country sleighing party at the home R. P. Blackburn, the West End drua- of her father,Jacob Turner. Those present gisr, has sent out notices speaking in from this city were Miss Helen Bentley, flattering terms of the celebrated Huyler's Miss Maud Otto and Hipster Otto. confections. Mail and special orders receive An Assembly under the auspices of a prompt attention from Mr. Blackburn committee of well-known young men was Lewars & Co., are handling the Victor given in the new Armory, at Sunbury, and Crescentbicycles this spring. Thursday evening last. The music was furn- James W. Sweeley,the editor of THE ished by a band and orchestra, and a very SUN, and our efficient postmaster,has been enjoyable time was indulged in. Among giving general satisfaction since his term the guests present from out of Sunburn of office began. Mr. Sweeter is certainly a were: Mrs. JosephC. Bucher,Mr. and winner and deserves his success, aJchough THE Mrs. Philip B. Wolfe, MissesKathryne D. some people do find fault with l;is Blair and EleanorM. Barber, of Lewisburg; 'cuckoo" Democracy Miss Bertha Datesman. of West Milton: Several evenings ago Clyde Duble went Miss McCloskey,of Buffalo, N. Y.; Messes. homeafter a social eventand laid his satin John 'W. Bucher, Lewis Rothermel, Philip lined full dress suit in a bureau drawer and B. Linn, RussellE. Kelly and Fred Wagner, left {he drawer open. In the morning he of Lewisburg; Miss Lou Jameson,of Blooms- was attracted by a noise in the bureau JOURNAL burg; Miss Vasatine,of Catawissa,and and upon investigation Clyde found char Messrs. Frank lkeler and Sam H. Harman. the family cat had crawled into the open of Bloomsburg. drawerduring the night and before mor- OF THE Mrs. J. V. Brown gave a pi:ogressivepedro ning found herselfthe motherof five little card party, Tuesday evening last, at her kittens. The young druggist chloroformed residence on East Third Street the cat and presentedthe kittens to his girl friends. On Wednesday evening, at the residence LYCOMING HISTORICALSOCIETY of the bride's parents, Long Reach, Herbert L. Baird, of Sinneinahoning, and Miss If you have any contributions, Maude E. Updegraff were joined in mar- please send them to: riageby Rev. E. P. Morse,of the Newberry L. Rodman Wurster Presbyterian church, in the presence of about seventy guests. Miss Lizzie Reinhard Proctor Star Route acted as bridesmaid, while E. H. Baird, Williamsport, Pa.