DOCSLIB.ORG

Contribution Des Légumineuses, Des Champignons Endophytes Et Mycorhiziens Dans La

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Contribution Des Légumineuses, Des Champignons Endophytes Et Mycorhiziens Dans La Université de Montréal Contribution des légumineuses, des champignons endophytes et mycorhiziens dans la nutrition azotée des prairies indigènes semi-arides Par Rim Klabi Département de sciences biologiques, Centre sur la biodiversité Institut de recherche en biologie végétale Faculté des Arts et des Sciences Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l’obtention du grade de Philosophiæ Doctor (Ph.D.) en sciences biologiques Août, 2015 © Rim Klabi, 2015 i Université de Montréal Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales Cette thèse intitulée: Contribution des légumineuses, des champignons endophytes et mycorhiziens dans la nutrition azotée des prairies indigènes semi-arides Présentée par Rim Klabi a été évaluée par un jury composé des personnes suivantes: Luc Brouillet, président-rapporteur Marc St-Arnaud, directeur de recherche Chantal Hamel, co-directrice de recherche Etienne Yergeau, membre du jury Gilles Bélanger, examinateur externe Suzanne Giasson, Représentante du doyen de la FES ii Résumé Les prairies indigènes présentent une source importante d'alimentation pour le pâturage du bétail dans les prairies Canadiennes semi-arides. L'addition de légumineuses fixatrices d'azote et de phosphore dans les prairies indigènes peut améliorer la productivité et la valeur nutritive de fourrage. Ces pratiques peuvent induire des modifications de la structure et de la diversité des communautés fongiques du sol, ce qui peut en retour avoir un impact sur la production et le contenu nutritionnel du fourrage. L’objectif de cette étude était de développer un système de pâturage à bas niveau d’intrants, productif, autonome et durable. À court terme, nous voulions 1) déterminer l'effet des légumineuses (Medicago sativa, une légumineuse cultivée ou Dalea purpurea, une légumineuse indigène) et la fertilité en phosphore du sol sur la productivité et la valeur nutritive des graminées indigènes, comparées avec celles de la graminée introduite Bromus biebersteinii en mélange avec le M. sativa, 2) identifier l'effet de ces pratiques sur la diversité et la structure des communautés des champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules (CMA) et des champignons totaux, 3) identifier l'effet des légumineuses et des CMA sur les interactions compétitives entre les graminées de saison fraîche et les graminées de saison chaude. Les expériences menées au champ ont montré que M. sativa améliorait les teneurs en azote et en phosphore des graminées indigènes au début de l'été, ainsi que la teneur en azote de la graminée de saison chaude Bouteloua gracilis à la fin de l'été de l'année sèche 2009. Par contre, la fertilité en phosphore du sol n'ait pas affecté la productivité des plantes. D'autre part, l'inclusion des légumineuses augmentait la diversité des CMA dans le mélange de graminées indigènes. Cette modification présentait des corrélations positives avec la productivité et la quantité totale d'azote chez le M. sativa et avec la teneur en phosphore des graminées indigènes, au début de l'été. La structure des communautés de champignons totaux était influencée par l'interaction entre le mélange des espèces et la fertilité en phosphore du sol iii seulement en 2008 (année humide). Cet effet pourrait être lié en partie avec la productivité des plantes et l'humidité du sol. Les expériences menées en chambre de culture ont montré que les CMA peuvent favoriser la productivité des graminées de saison chaude au détriment des graminées de saison fraîche. En effet, Glomus cubense augmentait la productivité de la graminée de saison chaude B. gracilis, en présence de M. sativa. Cet effet pourrait être associé à l’effet négatif du G. cubense sur la fixation de l’azote par le M. sativa et à la diminution de l’efficacité d’utilisation de l'azote de certaines graminées de saison fraîche résultant en une augmentation de la disponibilité de l'azote pour B. gracilis. Par contre, le Glomus sp. augmentait la biomasse de Schizachyrium scoparium, autre graminée de saison chaude, en absence de légumineuse. Ce phénomène pourrait être attribuable à une amélioration de l’efficacité d’utilisation du P de cette graminée. En conclusion, mes travaux de recherche ont montré que la légumineuse cultivée M. sativa peut améliorer la valeur nutritive des graminées indigènes au début de l'été ainsi que celle de la graminée de saison chaude B. gracilis, dans des conditions de sécheresse sévère de la fin de l'été. De plus, l'addition de M. sativa dans le mélange de graminées indigènes peut contribuer à augmenter le nombre des espèces bénéfiques des CMA pour la production et la nutrition du fourrage au début de l'été. Mots clés: prairies semi-arides, graminées indigènes, légumineuses, champignons totaux, champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscule, productivité, nutriments, fourrage. iv Abstract The native grasslands are considered as the main feed source for livestock grazing, in semi-arid regions of the Canadian prairies. The addition of N fixing legumes and phosphorus to semi-arid native grasslands may increase the productivity and nutritive value of forage. However, these practices may also shape the structure and diversity of soil fungal communities which in turn may impact forage production and nutritive value. The global objective of this research was to design productive, self-sustaining, permanent and with low inputs pastures. The specific objectives were 1) to demonstrate the effect of N-fixing legumes (the cultivated legume Medicago sativa or the native legume Dalea purpurea) and soil P fertility on the productivity and nutritive value of native grasses mixes in comparison to the mixture of the introduced grass Bromus biebersteinii and M. sativa, 2) identify the effect of these practices on the diversity and community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and total fungi, and 3) identify the effect of legumes and AM fungi on competitive interactions between native cool-season grasses and native warm- season grasses. The field experiment showed that M. sativa improved the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of native grasses mixes early in the summer, as well as the N concentration of the warm-season grass B. gracilis, in late summer of the driest year 2009. In contrast, the soil phosphorus fertility had no effect on plant productivity. On the other hand, the inclusion of legumes to the mix of native grasses generally increased AM fungal diversity. This shift was positively correlated with the productivity and nitrogen uptake by M. sativa and with the phosphorus concentration of native grasses mixes in early summer. The structure of the total fungal community was affected by the interaction between species mixtures and soil P fertility only in the wet year (2008), suggesting that this effect was likely driven in part by plant productivity and soil moisture. v The growth chamber experiment showed that the AM fungi may favoured the growth of warm- season grasses under competition with cool-season grasses. However, Glomus cubense increased the productivity of warm-season grass B. gracilis when growing with M. sativa. This effect might be related to a negative impact of G. cubense on the nitrogen-fixing activity of M. sativa and to a lower N-use efficiency of certain cool-season grasses, which resulted in increased soil N availability for B. gracilis. In contrast, Glomus sp. enhanced the growth of S. scoparium, another warm-season grass in the absence of legumes, and this may be related to improved P-use efficiency in this grass. We concluded that the cultivated legume M. sativa can improve the nutritive value of native grasses mixes early in the summer and also of warm season grass under severe drought conditions in late summer. In addition, the inclusion of M. sativa within native grass mixes may contribute to promote beneficial AM fungi taxa that were involved in forage production and nutrition early in the summer. Keywords: semi-arid grassland, native grasses, legumes, total fungi, AM fungi, productivity, nutrients, forage vi Table des matières Résumé ........................................................................................................................................................ iii Table des matières ..................................................................................................................................... vii Liste des tableaux ........................................................................................................................................ x Liste des figures ......................................................................................................................................... xii Remerciements ......................................................................................................................................... xvi Avant-propos .......................................................................................................................................... xviii Chapitre 1: Introduction générale ............................................................................................................. 1 Chapitre 2: Contribution of legumes to promote the nutritive value of forage in semi-arid grassland pastures ...................................................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Préface ............................................................................................................................................... 11 2.2 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • BROWN ROOT ROT in ALFALFA IDENTIFIED in NORTHWEST MINNESOTA Reprinted with Permission from Philip Glogoza, Editor, Cropping Issues in Northwest Minnesota
    Clippings – June 6, 2005 BROWN ROOT ROT IN ALFALFA IDENTIFIED IN NORTHWEST MINNESOTA Reprinted with permission from Philip Glogoza, Editor, Cropping Issues in Northwest Minnesota. By Deborah Samac, USDA-ARS - U of M Plant Pathologist; Charla Hollingsworth, U of M Plant Pathologist; Paul Peterson, U of M Agronomist; Fred Gray, U of Wyoming Plant Pathologist; Hans Kandel, Regional Extension Educator Brown Root Rot (BRR) was first described in North America on yellow sweetclover (Melilotus) and alfalfa in Canada in 1933. It can be a serious disease of sweetclover in Canada. Brown root rot is caused by a cold-loving fungus, Phoma sclerotioides. The pathogen can also infect other forage legume crops including alsike clover, bird’s-foot trefoil, sainfoin and non-leguminous plants such as grasses. The fungus produces survival structures (pycnidia) that infest soil and may function to spread the disease. It is thought to be a native of the Canadian prairie. Symptoms on diseased plants consist of dark colored lesions of the tap and lateral roots. Initial lesions are often localized but can spread and eventually girdle the roots of susceptible plant hosts and cause the tissues to rot. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria nodules can also be rotted. If lesions occur on the upper tap root there is less healthy tissue for storage of carbohydrates, and diseased plants are more susceptible to winterkill. BRR lesions will worsen with each winter until the plant is killed. Dead plants are noticed in the spring and are considered ‘winterkilled’ since they were alive the preceding fall. Distribution of BRR in North America includes Alaska, the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, the four western provinces of Canada, and Nova Scotia.
    [Show full text]
  • (Grau, Craig) Grau Brown Root Rot.Ppt [Read-Only]
    InfluenceInfluence ofof AlfalfaAlfalfa BrownBrown RootRoot RotRot onon WinterkillWinterkill Acknowledge contributions of Fred Gray, University of Wyoming History 1933- 1st reported on sweet clover in Canada 1984 – widespread on alfalfa in the Peace River Valley of Alberta 1996 – 1st reported on alfalfa in the U.S. in Wyoming 2003 – reported in Idaho, New York, Minnesota and Wisconsin Host Range (J.G.N Davidson) Alfalfa Red Clover Alsike Clover Sainfoin Bird’s-Foot Trefoil Sweet Clover Distribution In North America Indigenous Fungus CANADA USA Currently known distribution in the U.S. Idaho, Minnesota, Montana, New York, Wisconsin, Wyoming Diagnosis Plant Symptoms Diseased Severe Winterkill Dead Close up of dead and dying plants Fred Gray Plants removed showing severe root rot Brown Root Rot Wisconsin - 2003 Greg Andrews Brown root rot?; Marshfield 1978 Winter Kill in Wisconsin - 2003 Greg Andrews Greg Andrews Greg Andrews •Surviving plants may have lesions on tap root •Frequently diagnosed as feeding scars caused by clover root curculio Brown Root Rot Epidemiology • Infection of alfalfa roots: – late fall to early spring when plants are dormant. • Pathogenic activity: – Dormant root tissues – Pathogen ceases growth when plant breaks dormancy • Symptoms: – Brown rotted roots observed in spring – Plant mortality during winter – Surviving infected plants • Die later in spring • Survive summer but die the following winter Brown Root Rot Pathogen Survey • Fields at least 2 years old • 5-10 plants from each location • 6 inches of the tap root • Variety name • Soil removed from the roots • Place roots from each field in a separate plastic bag and seal • Either send immediately or freeze and send to: Deborah A.
    [Show full text]
  • A Polyphasic Approach to Characterise Two Novel Species of Phoma (Didymellaceae) from China
    Phytotaxa 197 (4): 267–281 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.197.4.4 A polyphasic approach to characterise two novel species of Phoma (Didymellaceae) from China QIAN CHEN1,2, KE ZHANG2, GUOZHEN ZHANG1* & LEI CAI2* 1College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, P.R. China 2State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, West Beichen Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P. R. China Corresponding authors: Lei Cai: [email protected]; Guozhen Zhang: [email protected]. Abstract Phoma odoratissimi sp. nov. on Viburnum odoratissimum and Syringa oblate, and Phoma segeticola sp. nov. on Cirsium segetum from China are introduced and described, employing a polyphasic approach characterising morphological charac- teristics, host association and phylogeny. Both species are the first records of Phoma species on their respective hosts. Multi- locus phylogenetic tree was inferred using combined sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 & 2 and 5.8S nrDNA (ITS), and partial large subunit 28S nrDNA region (LSU), β-tubulin (TUB) region and RNA polymerase II (RPB2) region. The two new species clustered in two separate and distinct lineages, and are distinct from their allied species. Key words: Karst, morphology, plant pathogen, phylogeny, taxonomy INTRODUCTION The coelomycetous genus Phoma Sacc. emend. Boerema & G.J. Bollen is omnipresent in the environments and consists of pathogens, opportunists and several saprobic species from a wide range of substrates (Aveskamp et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Microfungi Associated with Withering Willow Wood in Ground
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Kyoto University Research Information Repository Microfungi associated with withering willow wood in ground Title contact near Syowa Station, East Antarctica for 40�years Hirose, Dai; Tanabe, Yukiko; Uchida, Masaki; Kudoh, Sakae; Author(s) Osono, Takashi Citation Polar Biology (2013), 36(6): 919-924 Issue Date 2013-06 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/189818 The final publication is available at Springer via Right http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-013-1320-x Type Journal Article Textversion author Kyoto University 1 Category of paper: Short note 2 3 Microfungi associated with withering willow wood in ground contact near Syowa 4 Station, East Antarctica for 40 years 5 6 Dai Hirose Yukiko Tanabe Masaki Uchida Sakae Kudoh Takashi Osono 7 8 D. Hirose 9 College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba 274-8555 Japan 10 11 Y. Tanabe 12 Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8563 13 Japan 14 15 Y. Tanabe M. Uchida S. Kudoh 16 National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo 173-8515 Japan 1 17 18 T. Osono () 19 Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Shiga 520-2113 Japan 20 e-mail: [email protected] 21 22 Abstract Data are rather lacking on the diversity of microfungi associated with 23 exotic plant substrates transported to continental Antarctica. We examined the 24 diversity and species composition of microfungi associated with withering woody 25 shoots of saplings of Salix spp. (willows) transplanted and in ground contact 26 near Syowa Station, East Antarctica for more than 40 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Redisposition of Phoma-Like Anamorphs in Pleosporales
    available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 75: 1–36. Redisposition of phoma-like anamorphs in Pleosporales J. de Gruyter1–3*, J.H.C. Woudenberg1, M.M. Aveskamp1, G.J.M. Verkley1, J.Z. Groenewald1, and P.W. Crous1,3,4 1CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2National Reference Centre, National Plant Protection Organization, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC Wageningen, The Netherlands; 3Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; 4Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands *Correspondence: Hans de Gruyter, [email protected] Abstract: The anamorphic genus Phoma was subdivided into nine sections based on morphological characters, and included teleomorphs in Didymella, Leptosphaeria, Pleospora and Mycosphaerella, suggesting the polyphyly of the genus. Recent molecular, phylogenetic studies led to the conclusion that Phoma should be restricted to Didymellaceae. The present study focuses on the taxonomy of excluded Phoma species, currently classified inPhoma sections Plenodomus, Heterospora and Pilosa. Species of Leptosphaeria and Phoma section Plenodomus are reclassified in Plenodomus, Subplenodomus gen. nov., Leptosphaeria and Paraleptosphaeria gen. nov., based on the phylogeny determined by analysis of sequence data of the large subunit 28S nrDNA (LSU) and Internal Transcribed Spacer regions 1 & 2 and 5.8S nrDNA (ITS). Phoma heteromorphospora, type species of Phoma section Heterospora, and its allied species Phoma dimorphospora, are transferred to the genus Heterospora stat. nov. The Phoma acuta complex (teleomorph Leptosphaeria doliolum), is revised based on a multilocus sequence analysis of the LSU, ITS, small subunit 18S nrDNA (SSU), β-tubulin (TUB), and chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1) regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Redisposition of Phoma-Like Anamorphs in Pleosporales
    available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 75: 1–36. Redisposition of phoma-like anamorphs in Pleosporales J. de Gruyter1–3*, J.H.C. Woudenberg1, M.M. Aveskamp1, G.J.M. Verkley1, J.Z. Groenewald1, and P.W. Crous1,3,4 1CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2National Reference Centre, National Plant Protection Organization, P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC Wageningen, The Netherlands; 3Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; 4Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands *Correspondence: Hans de Gruyter, [email protected] Abstract: The anamorphic genus Phoma was subdivided into nine sections based on morphological characters, and included teleomorphs in Didymella, Leptosphaeria, Pleospora and Mycosphaerella, suggesting the polyphyly of the genus. Recent molecular, phylogenetic studies led to the conclusion that Phoma should be restricted to Didymellaceae. The present study focuses on the taxonomy of excluded Phoma species, currently classified inPhoma sections Plenodomus, Heterospora and Pilosa. Species of Leptosphaeria and Phoma section Plenodomus are reclassified in Plenodomus, Subplenodomus gen. nov., Leptosphaeria and Paraleptosphaeria gen. nov., based on the phylogeny determined by analysis of sequence data of the large subunit 28S nrDNA (LSU) and Internal Transcribed Spacer regions 1 & 2 and 5.8S nrDNA (ITS). Phoma heteromorphospora, type species of Phoma section Heterospora, and its allied species Phoma dimorphospora, are transferred to the genus Heterospora stat. nov. The Phoma acuta complex (teleomorph Leptosphaeria doliolum), is revised based on a multilocus sequence analysis of the LSU, ITS, small subunit 18S nrDNA (SSU), β-tubulin (TUB), and chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1) regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Twenty-Ninth Alfalfa Improvement Conference
    E/6;~ \f REPORT OF THE TWENTY-NINTH ALFALFA IMPROVEMENT CONFERENCE July 15-20,1984 Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada REPORT OF THE TWENTY-NINTH ALFALFA IMPROVEMENT CONFERENCE July 15-20, 1984 Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada Reported by D. R. Viands, Secretary Dept. of Plant Breeding and Biometry 523 Bradfield Hall Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853 J. H. Elgin, Jr., Executive Secretary USDA-ARS Field Crops Laboratory Bldg. 001, Rm. 335, BARC-W Beltsville, MD 20705 Thirtieth North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference to be held July 27-31, 1986 University of Minnesota St. Paul, Minnesota Distribution of Conference Report The conference report is sent to all those on the North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference mailing list. It is also sent to libraries that have requested copies of previous reports. For research leaders to identify libraries that should be added to our mailing list, a complete listing of them is provided for your information. If you are aware of new names that should be added to the Alfalfa Improvement Conference directory, or if you have a change of address, please send the Mailing List Questionnaire form at the back of this report to the conference secretary. LIBRARIES: University of California, Documents Dept. Berkeley, CA 94720 University of California, Government Documents Dept., Davis, CA 95616 Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521 Department of Genetics, Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504 Hume Library of Federal Documents, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 University of Hawaii, Documents Collection, 2425 Campus Road, Honolulu, HI 96822 John Deere and Co., John Deere Road, Moline, IL 61265 University of Illinois, Documents Library, 200D, Urbana, IL 61801 Indiana State Library, 140 N.
    [Show full text]
  • Program Resource Book
    Program Resource Book The American Phytopathological Society • International Association for the Plant Protection Sciences "HSJ4USJQ-BUFSBM nPXUFTUT $PNQMFUFLJUTGPSGBTU BOEFBTZVTFJOmFME BOEHSFFOIPVTF &-*4"UFTUTGPS QMBOUQBUIPHFOT $PNQMFUFLJUT SFBHFOUT CVGGFST NJDSPUJUFSQMBUFT BOEFYUSBDUJPOCBHTGPS MBCPSBUPSZVTF &RVJQNFOU )PNFYIPNPHFOJ[FS BOE&BTZ8BTI QMBUFXBTIFSGPSQMBOU EJBHOPTUJDBQQMJDBUJPOT :PVS1BSUOFSJO"HSP%JBHOPTUJDT #*03&#""(4XJU[FSMBOE XXXCJPSFCBDPN 'PSUIF64QMFBTFDPOUBDUPVSEJTUSJCVUPS &VSPmOT45"-BCPSBUPSJFT *OD UPMMGSFF XXXFVSPmOTVTDPNTUBMBCT Table of Contents Welcome from Carol Ishimaru ......................................................................2 Welcome from E. A. “Short” Heinrichs ..........................................................2 NEW! Program Resource Book We’ve made some changes! This new Program Resource Book serves as your resource for the Program meeting - session and poster content, exhibitor Field Trips ......................................................................................................3 information, and recognition. The smaller Workshops .....................................................................................................4 Program Guide is your key to the program schedule, general information and the exhibit Sessions-at-a-Glance .......................................................................................6 hall floor plan with extra pages to take notes. Sunday, August 7 We hope you find these new formats a convenient way to navigate the meeting. Special Sessions
    [Show full text]
  • Brown Root Rot of Alfalfa
    BrownBrown RootRoot RotRot ofof AlfalfaAlfalfa CharlaCharla Hollingsworth,Hollingsworth, ExtensionExtension PlantPlant Pathologist;Pathologist; DeborahDeborah Samac,Samac, USDA-ARSUSDA-ARS ResearchResearch PlantPlant Pathologist;Pathologist; PaulPaul Peterson,Peterson, ExtensionExtension ForageForage Agronomist;Agronomist; DougDoug Holen,Holen, ExtensionExtension Educator;Educator; andand HowardHoward Person,Person, ExtensionExtension EducatorEducator Brown Root Rot of Alfalfa Disease symptoms If disease development is promoted, substantial stand loss can Since the 1920s, brown root rot (BRR) has been regarded as an occur. Such losses can either result during a single winter season important disease of forage legumes, including alfalfa, in northern or can take place gradually over a number of years. Roots of severely regions of the North American continent. Brown root rot has been diseased plants can reported in Canada from five westerly provinces, the Northwest have darkened root Territories, Nova Scotia, and the Yukon, as well as in the U.S. from lesions from the Alaska and several mainland states. Aboveground symptoms crown-root consist of plants that are either slow to green up in the spring or die junction and below. during the winter. In such instances of “winterkill,” stand losses are Root rot is common often assumed to be caused exclusively from exposure to harsh on diseased tap, winter weather conditions resulting from extremely cold soil lateral, and feeder temperatures, ice sheeting, or untimely breaks in plant dormancy. roots, as well as on ➜ However, we now know that BRR contributes to plant death in the delicate nodule Minnesota alfalfa stands in areas where the pathogen is present. tissues that contain While BRR has been known for many years in North America, nitrogen-fixing until recently the disease was labor-intensive and time-consuming bacteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Index of Fungal Names
    INDEX OF FUNGAL NAMES Alternaria cerealis 187 Alternaria cetera 188–189 Alphabetical list of fungal species, genera and families treated in Alternaria chartarum 201 the Taxonomy sections of the included manuscripts. Alternaria chartarum f. stemphylioides 201 Alternaria cheiranthi 189 A Alternaria chlamydospora 190, 199 Alternaria chlamydosporigena 190 Acicuseptoria 376–377 Alternaria “chlamydosporum” 199 Acicuseptoria rumicis 376–377 Alternaria chrysanthemi 204 Allantozythia 384 Alternaria cichorii 200 Allewia 183 Alternaria cinerariae 202 Allewia eureka 193 Alternaria cinerea 207 Allewia proteae 193 Alternaria cirsinoxia 200 Alternaria 183, 186, 190, 193, 198, 207 Alternaria citriarbusti 187 Alternaria abundans 189 Alternaria citrimacularis 187 Alternaria acalyphicola 200 Alternaria colombiana 187 Alternaria agerati 200 Alternaria concatenata 201 Alternaria agripestis 200 Alternaria conjuncta 196 Alternaria allii 191 Alternaria conoidea 188 Alternaria alternantherae 185 Alternaria “consortiale” 204 Alternaria alternariae 206 Alternaria consortialis 204 Alternaria alternarina 195 Alternaria crassa 200 Alternaria cretica 200 Alternaria alternata 183, 185–186 Alternaria cucumerina 200 Alternaria anagallidis 200 Alternaria cucurbitae 204 Alternaria angustiovoidea 187 Alternaria cumini 193 Alternaria anigozanthi 193 Alternaria cyphomandrae 201 Alternaria aragakii 200 Alternaria danida 201 Alternaria araliae 199 Alternaria dauci 201 Alternaria arborescens 187, 201 Alternaria daucicaulis 196 Alternaria arbusti 195 Alternaria daucifollii 187
    [Show full text]
  • Characterising Plant Pathogen Communities and Their Environmental Drivers at a National Scale
    Lincoln University Digital Thesis Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: you will use the copy only for the purposes of research or private study you will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of the thesis and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate you will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Characterising plant pathogen communities and their environmental drivers at a national scale A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University by Andreas Makiola Lincoln University, New Zealand 2019 General abstract Plant pathogens play a critical role for global food security, conservation of natural ecosystems and future resilience and sustainability of ecosystem services in general. Thus, it is crucial to understand the large-scale processes that shape plant pathogen communities. The recent drop in DNA sequencing costs offers, for the first time, the opportunity to study multiple plant pathogens simultaneously in their naturally occurring environment effectively at large scale. In this thesis, my aims were (1) to employ next-generation sequencing (NGS) based metabarcoding for the detection and identification of plant pathogens at the ecosystem scale in New Zealand, (2) to characterise plant pathogen communities, and (3) to determine the environmental drivers of these communities. First, I investigated the suitability of NGS for the detection, identification and quantification of plant pathogens using rust fungi as a model system.
    [Show full text]
  • Fungi from Different Environments Series on Progress in Mycological Research
    Fungi from Different Environments Series on Progress in Mycological Research Fungi from Different Environments Fungi from Different Environments Editors J.K. MISRA S.K. DESHMUKH Science Publishers Enfield (NH) Jersey Plymouth Science Publishers www.scipub.net 234 May Street Post Office Box 699 Enfield, New Hampshire 03748 United States of America General enquiries : [email protected] Editorial enquiries : [email protected] Sales enquiries : [email protected] Published by Science Publishers, Enfield, NH, USA An imprint of Edenbridge Ltd., British Channel Islands Printed in India © 2009 reserved ISBN: 978-1-57808-578-1 © 2009 Copyright reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fungi from different environments/edited by J.K. Misra, S.K. Deshmukh.--1st ed. p.cm. -- (Progress in mycological research) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-57808-578-1 (hardcover) 1. Fungi--Ecology. 2. Fungi--Ecophysiology. 3. Mycology. I. Misra, J.K. II. Deshmukh, S.K. (Sunil K.) III. Series. QK604.2.E26F85 2009 597.5'17--dc22 2008041307 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher, in writing. The exception to this is when a reasonable part of the text is quoted for purpose of book review, abstracting etc. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.
    [Show full text]