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11.3 TRANSPORT Roads and Bridges Overview Tamil Nadu Is The

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11.3 TRANSPORT Roads and Bridges Overview Tamil Nadu Is The 11.3 Transport 727 11.3 TRANSPORT Roads And Bridges Overview Tamil Nadu is the eleventh largest State in the country with an area of 1,30,058 Sq.Km. and third most urbanised State next to Maharastra and Gujarat. The population density is 478 persons per Sq.Km whereas the national average is 267 persons. One out of three live in urban area. Tamil Nadu traditionally has a strong industrial base which contributes substantially for the industrial production of the country. There are about 19895 factories and 3,87,397 registered Small Scale Industries. Tamil Nadu has a rail network of 4,181 Km. It has a coastline of about 992 Km. out of the 5560 Km long coastline of the country. There are three major ports (Chennai, Ennore and Thoothukudi) and 14 minor ports. There are five Airports (Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Tiruchy and Salem) in the State. There are two navigational canals - Buckingham Canal and Vedaranyam Canal - identified as Inland Water Transport systems. However, these two Canals are not functioning effectively due to various reasons. Rail and Road movement are the dominant modes of Transport. Though Railways provides truck services for bulk movement of commodities and passenger traffic, road transport also provides long distance services for commodities and passenger movement with safety, economy and quickest possible time. The road network is the one that gives connectivity to all habitations and modes of other complementary transport system in the State. Good roads are necessary for the movement of modern traffic. Without efficient network of roads, other planned development activities cannot produce expected results. Even Rail, Waterways and Airways need a good road network to feed them. The road network of the State influence considerably the economic development, population distribution, shape of cities and towns, environmental quality, energy consumption, access to social infrastructure and above all the quality of life. The roads, therefore, should not be seem as mere connecting links or means of communication only. The vehicle population which was 27,325 in 1951 increased to 51,62,082 in 2001 registering an increase of 189 times. But, the road network increased only about 4.39 times (i.e.) from 32,307 Kms to 1,50,647 Kms.in the same period. The density of road network in Tamil Nadu as on 01-09-2001 is 269 Km per lakh population and 115.83 Kms per 100 Sq.Km area and it is well above the All India average of 258.20 Km per lakh population and 74.90 Km per 100 Sq.Km area. The State today has one of the best road networks in the country with 3,865 Kms. of National Highways (NH), 7,136 Km. of State Highways (SH), 7,408 Kms of Major District Roads (MDRs) and 40,853 Kms. Other District Roads (ODRs) bringing the total to 1,50,647 Kms of roads. However, immediate action is needed to upgrade the carriageway of all roads to atleast two lanes and have BT surface for all roads. All roads need to be provided with sufficient roadways width as per IRC standards in addition to having good drainage facilities. Despite large investment in road construction 728 11.3 Transport and maintenance, the roads continue to be characterized by poor service levels due to paucity of adequate resources and non prevalence of a standard maintenance regime. In order to correct the situation, a comprehensive Road Policy has been announced in the Budget 2002-03. It is proposed to achieve good quality roads and service levels and connectivity to village/ habitations having a population of 500-1000 people, focus on road safety and environment protection, institutional strengthening and capacity building of the department and overall boost to rural economy of the State during the Tenth Plan period by completing the on-going schemes along with a major shift in the traditional pattern of road planning. With this kind of comprehensive planning and private sector participation, it is possible for the State to have an enviable road network both in quality and outreach by the end of the Tenth Plan. Institutional System and Major Policies for Road Development Roads in the State are broadly grouped under two categories (i) Government Roads and (ii) Village Roads, and others. Highways Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu is looking after planning, construction and maintenance of the Government Roads. Panchayat unions, Urban local bodies and Government departments also maintain roads in the State. Realising the importance of developing and maintaining a good system of roads for the first time in India, a separate department for Highways was formed at the State level, as early as April 1946. The process of economic liberalisation adopted in the last ten years or more aimed at improving the national economy has created new demands for transport infrastructure in general and roads in particular. Two major policy decisions were taken at the national level recently on strengthening and improving the quality of roads. The first is the commitment of the Government of India (GOI) to develop Golden Quadrilateral, North-South and East-West corridors totalling about 13,150 kms. with 4/6 lanes. The second is the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) to give connectivity through all-weather roads to all habitations with a population more than 500 persons by the year 2007. These two progressive policies of the GOI, would bring benefits to the road sector in improving its performance level. Further, the GOI has formulated policies which are directed to facilitate the private sector to have greater participation in road development activities. Build-Operate- Transfer (BOT) model in road sector has been accepted to-day to play a major role and this concept has been adopted for number of projects in the State. There are two national level Organisations/Institutions influencing the development of roads in the State. The first is Indian Roads Congress (IRC) and the second is the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MORT & H). IRC has clearly classified the roads, both in urban and non-urban areas and explained in detail how they should be planned and built. 11.3 Transport 729 Ninth Five Year Plan Review During Ninth Plan correction of the imbalance created due to unprecedented growth in vehicular traffic and the need for provision of improved infrastructure facilities were given importance. The National Highways and State Highways catering to the need of dispersal along many routes as possible were identified to ease the traffic congestion. Therefore, taking into consideration the traffic condition, the broad objectives set forth in the Ninth Plan were: 1. Widening of carriage way to increase the carrying capacity of road network. 2. Strengthening the system to cope with heavy load. To achieve these objectives there was a considerable shift in policy and strategy. Considering the increased cost, strengthening and rehabilitating requirement resources were raised through external assistance from ADB, WB, OECF and from HUDCO, NABARD etc. and by levies and taxes. Private Sector investment in roads and bridges was also promoted. The following were the constraints in the implementation of the projects in the Ninth Plan. 1. Land acquisition for road and bridge works . 2. Clearance from forest and other departments which resulted in delay in projects and cost escalation. 3. Public resistance to tolling of roads developed by private sector resulting in lukeworm participation of private sector in BOT projects. 4. Insufficient allotment for road maintenance necessitating downsizing of cost by 65 to 45% of the required cost. An outlay of Rs.1700 crores was provided for the sector in Ninth Plan and the expenditure was in the order of Rs.2310.96 crores which constitutes 135.94% of the total outlay. The achievements made during the Ninth Plan period are outlined below: 1 National Highways At present, the total length of National Highways available in Tamilnadu is 3865 km. of which a length of 342 km of National Highways under Golden Quadrilateral scheme and 851 km of National Highways under North-South Corridor programme (total 1193 km) were taken up for four laning by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). Under the above scheme four laning of 62.6 km of NH 7 was taken up and will be completed in the stretch of Athipalli-Hosur and Hosur-Krishnagiri section in the years 2002 and 2004 respectively and 57.21 km of NH 7 which includes widening of Thoppur ghat section, Salem byepass, Karur byepass and construction of Karur ROB is nearing completion. Four laning of 92.6 km of NH 4 will be completed in Poonamallee- Kanchipuram section and Kanchipuram-Wallajabad section in the years 2003 and 2004 respectively. Four laning of 143 km of NH 46 in Krishnagiri – Pallikonda section will be taken up during 2002-03. Four laning and strengthening of 93 km of NH 45 in Tambaram-Tindivanam section 730 11.3 Transport is approved by G.O.I. and it is to be awarded under BOT annuity scheme. The project preparation work for the balance stretch of NH 45 from Tindivanam to Madurai is under progress. Forming the first phase of Chennai byepass connecting NH 45 and NH 4 is nearing completion and it is expected to be completed and opened to traffic by the end of 2002. 2. Economic and Interstate Importance Scheme Roads in and around Tiruppur comprising a bridge work and 93 culverts and road work to a length of 57.20 km have been completed in the first phase under Economic and Interstate Importance Scheme with Central assistance. The Railway Over Bridge at Tindivanam in lieu of existing level crossing on Pondy-Krishnagiri Road (National Highway-66) including construction of an interchange at the junction of National Highway 45 at a cost of Rs.
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