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Archive of SID Archive of SID Teachings of Qur'anic Support for Imam Khomeini's Doctrine of Resistance With Emphasis on the Statements of the Supreme Leader of Iran Mohammad Sadeqi1 Nahid Movahedi2 Mahdi Sadeqi3 Received: 04/06/2020 Accepted: 16/06/2020 Abstract The honorable and proud authority of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in the region and the world is rooted in the theories of Imam Khomeini's resistance. This issue has been referred to as the "Imam Khomeini's doctrine of resistance" in international political literature. A theory that has vigorously targeted the arteries of Western and American domination. This theory is not based on excitement and fleeting emotions, but has logical, intellectual, scientific, and religious support. In this paper, which is carried out by descriptive-analytical and documentary method, the Qur'anic explanation of Imam Khomeini's doctrine of resistance is examined and analyzed according to the statements of the Supreme Leader. Based on the findings of this study, according to the verses of the Holy Quran, resistance is the natural reaction of every free nation to oppression, which causes the enemy to retreat. Resistance is possible even against the great powers, which is less costly than surrender. In addition, the final victory of the resistance is certain, provided that its conditions are met. Keyword Resistance, Doctrine of Resistance, Endurance, Imam Khomeini, Supreme Leader of Iran. 1. Graduated from level three of Islamic Seminary in Islamic theology, the Specialized Institute for Theology and professor of Al-Mustafa University, Qom, Iran. msadegi1@ gmail.com. 2. Seminary student of level three in comparative interpretation of the Qur'an, Al-Zahra University and professor of Sisters' Islamic Seminary, Qom, Iran. (author in charge). Movahhedio14@ gmail.com. 3. Seminary student in grade four, Roshd School, Islamic Seminary of Qom, Iran. Zolfagharo14@ gmail.com Sadeqi, M.; Movahedi, N.; Sadeqi. M. (2020). Teachings of Qur'anic Support for Imam Khomeini's Doctrine of Resistance With emphasis on the statements of the Supreme Leader of Iran. The Quarterly Journal of Studies of Qur'anic Sciences, 2(4), pp. 82-107. Doi: 10.22081/jqss.2020.57859.1058 www.SID.ir Archive of SID ; آﻣﻮزههﺎی ﭘﺸﺘﻮاﻧﻪهﺎی ِﻗﺮآﻧﯽ دﮐﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻘﺎم ﻣﻌﻈﻢ رهﺒﺮی 3 2 1 ّﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺻﺎدﻗﻰ ﻧﺎﻫﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﺣﺪی ﻣﻬﺪی ﺻﺎدﻗﻰ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ: 15/03/1399 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش: 1399/03/27 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه اﻗﺘﺪار ﻋﺰﺗﻤﻨﺪ و ﻏﺮورآﻓـﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﻘـﻼب اﺳـﻼﻣﻰ اﻳـﺮان در ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ و ﺟﻬـﺎن، رﻳﺸـﻪ در ﻧﻈﺮﻳـﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ اﻣـﺎم 82 ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻰ; دارد. در ادﺑﻴﺎت ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻰ ﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻞ از اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان «دﻛﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻰ;» ﻳﺎد ﺷـﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪای ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺗﻮان، ﺷﺎﻫﺮگﻫﺎی ﺳﻴﻄﺮۀ ﻏﺮب و آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ را ﻫﺪف ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﻳـﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳـﻪ از روی ﻫﻴﺠﺎنزدﮔﻰ و اﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت زودﮔﺬر ﻧﻴﺴﺖ، ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻮاﻧﮥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻰ، ﻋﻘﻼﻧﻰ، ﻋﻠﻤﻰ و دﻳﻨﻰ دارد. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎل ِ ; روش ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻰ - ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻰ و ﺷﻴﻮه اﺳﻨﺎدی ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ، ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﺮآﻧﻰ ﭘﺸﺘﻮاﻧﻪﻫﺎی دﻛﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻰ دوم ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻘﺎم ﻣﻌﻈﻢ رﻫﺒﺮی ﺑﺮرﺳﻰ و واﻛﺎوی ﻣﻰﺷﻮد. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎی اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ، ﻃﺒـﻖ آﻳـﺎت ِ ﺷﻤﺎره ﻗﺮآن ﻛﺮﻳﻢ، ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ، واﻛﻨﺶ ﻓﻄﺮی ﻫﺮ ﻣﻠﺖ آزاده در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻇﻠﻢ اﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﻋﻘﺐﻧﺸـﻴﻨﻰ دﺷـﻤﻦ دوم ، ﻣﻰﺷﻮد. ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ اﻣﺮی ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺘﻰ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻗﺪرتﻫﺎی ﺑﺰرگ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮی ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺴـﻠﻴﻢ دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﭘﻴﺮوزی ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮط رﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آن، ﻗﻄﻌﻰ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 1399 ﻛﻠﻴﺪواژهﻫﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ، دﻛﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ، اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺖ، اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻰ;، ﻣﻘﺎم ﻣﻌﻈﻢ رﻫﺒﺮی. 1. ﻓﺎرغاﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻪ رﺷﺘﻪ ﻛﻼم اﺳـﻼﻣﻰ ﻣﺆﺳﺴـﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼـﻰ ﻛـﻼم و ُﻣـﺪرس ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ اﻟﻤﺼـﻄﻔﻰ، ﻗـﻢ، اﻳـﺮان. [email protected] 2. ﻃﻠﺒﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ 4 رﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻰ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﻟﺰﻫﺮا و ُﻣﺪرس ﺣﻮزه ﻋﻠﻤﻴﻪ ﺧـﻮاﻫﺮان، ﻗـﻢ، اﻳـﺮان. (ﻧﻮﻳﺴـﻨﺪه ﻣﺴـﺌﻮل) Movahhedio14@ gmail.com 3. ﻃﻠﺒﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ 4 ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ رﺷﺪ ﺣﻮزه ﻋﻠﻤﻴﻪ ﻗﻢ ـ اﻳﺮان. Zolfagharo14@ gmail.com ﺻﺎدﻗﻰ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪ؛ ﻣﻮﺣﺪی، ﻧﺎﻫﻴﺪ؛ و ﺻﺎدﻗﻰ، ﻣﻬﺪی. (1399). آﻣﻮزهﻫﺎی ﭘﺸﺘﻮاﻧﻪﻫﺎی ِﻗﺮآﻧﻰ دﻛﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ اﻣـﺎم ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻰ; ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻘﺎم ﻣﻌﻈﻢ رﻫﺒﺮی. ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﻗﺮآن، ۲(3)، ﺻﺺ 107-82. Doi: 10.22081/jqss.2020.57859.1058 www.SID.ir Archive of SID ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ دﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ اﺳﻼم ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﭻوﺟﻪ، ﺗﺴﻠﻂ ﻛﺎﻓﺮان ﺑﺮ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻧﺎن را روا ﻧﻤﻰﺷﻤﺎرد و ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ِ ِ ِ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ دارد: « َو ﻟَ ْﻦ ْﻳﺠ َﻌ َﻞ ّٰ ُاﷲ ﻟﻠْﻜﺎﻓ َﺮﻳﻦ َﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟْ ُﻤ ْﺆﻣ َﻨﻴﻦ َﺳ ًﺒﻴﻼ؛ و ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﻛـﺎﻓﺮان را ﺑﺮ ﻣﺆﻣﻨﺎن ﺗﺴﻠﻄﻰ ﻧﺪاده اﺳﺖ» (ﻧﺴﺎء: 141). اﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺖ در ﻣﻴﺎن ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﺑﺸﺮی ﺟـﺎری اﺳـﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﻠﺘﻰ ﻫﻢﻋﻬﺪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﺎﻣﻼﻳﻤﺎت ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺗﺮیﻫﺎی ﺑﺴـﻴﺎر ﺑﺰرﮔﻰ دﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ و از ﺳﻠﻄﻪ دﺷﻤﻨﺎن رﻫﺎ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﭘﻴﺮوزی ﻣﻠﺖ دﻟﻴﺮ اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎ رﻫﺒﺮی اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻰ; ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎرزی از ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ و ﻧﭙﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺳﻠﻄﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻜﺒﺮان اﺳﺖ. اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻰ; در اﻳﻦ رﻫﺒﺮی ﺷﻜﻮﻫﻤﻨﺪ، ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ، اﻳﺴـﺘﺎدﮔﻰ و ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢﻧﺸـﺪن در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت و ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ را ﺑﺮﮔﺰﻳﺪه ﺑﻮد و ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ وﻳﮋﮔـﻰ، اﻣـﺎم را در ﻫﻴﺌـﺖ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ، ﻳﻚ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ، ﻳﻚ راه، ﺑﺮای زﻣﺎن ﺧﻮد و در ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻣﻄﺮح ﻛﺮد. ﻣﻘﺎم ﻣﻌﻈﻢ رﻫﺒﺮی در اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻰ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻨﺪ: «در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻃﺎﻏﻮت ﻫﺎ اﻣﺎم ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺧﻮدش 83 را ﺑﻪ رخ ﻫﻤﮥ دﻧﻴﺎ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ. اﻣﺎم ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺘﺎً ﺑﺴﻴﺎری از آﻳﺎت ﻗﺮآن را ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ اﻳﺴـﺘﺎدﮔﻰ ﺧـﻮد و ِ ِ ِ ِ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺧﻮد ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻛﺮد. اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻗﺮآن ﻣﻰ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﺪ: «ﻓَﻠﺬﻟ َﻚ ﻓَ ُﺎدع َواﺳﺘَﻘﻢ ﻛَﻤﺎ اُﻣ َﺮت َو ﻻ ﺗَﺘﺒِﻊ اَﻫﻮاءﻫﻢ...؛ ﭘﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺗﻮ ﻧﻴﺰ آﻧﺎن را ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮى اﻳﻦ آﻳﻴﻦ واﺣﺪ اﻟﻬﻰ دﻋﻮت ﻛـﻦ و آﻣﻮزه ُ ﻫﺎی َ آن ﭼﻨﺎنﻛﻪ ﻣﺄﻣﻮر ﺷﺪهاى اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺖ ﻧﻤﺎ و از ﻫﻮا و ﻫﻮسﻫﺎى آﻧﺎن ﭘﻴﺮوى ﻣﻜـﻦ (ﺷـﻮری: 15). ﭘﺸﺘﻮاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ و ﺗﻄﻤﻴﻊ و ﻓﺮﻳﺐ در اﻣﺎم اﺛﺮ ﻧﮕﺬاﺷﺖ» ( ﺧﺎﻣﻨﻪای، 1398اﻟﻒ). ِ ﻗﺮآﻧﻰ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎم ﻣﻌﻈﻢ رﻫﺒﺮی، «ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻴﻮۀ اﻣـﺎم ﺧﻤﻴﻨـﻰ;» در ادﺑﻴـﺎت ﺮﻳﻦﺘﻛد ِﺳﻴﺎﺳــﻰ ﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠــﻰ، ﻳــﻚ ﻋﻨــﻮان اﺳــﺖ ﻛــﻪ ﺑﻴﺸــﺘﺮ ﺑــﺎ اﺻــﻄﻼح «دﻛﺘــﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣــﺖ اﻣــﺎم ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻰ;» ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ» ( ﺧﺎﻣﻨﻪای، 1398اﻟﻒ). اﻛﻨﻮن اﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ و ﺑـﻪ ﺑـﺎر اﻣﺎم ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ و آﺛﺎر آن، در ﻣﻠﺖﻫﺎی ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و ﺣﺘﻰ ﺟﻬﺎن، ﺑﺎ دﺳﺘﺎن ﭘﺮﺗﻮان ﺑـﺰرگ ﻣﺮداﻧـﻰ ﻛـﻪ ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻰ ; ﺑﺎ ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻰ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮد. ﻣﻘﺎم ﻣﻌﻈﻢ رﻫﺒـﺮی در ﺳـﻰاﻣﻴﻦ ﺳـﺎﻟﮕﺮد ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ ارﺗﺤﺎل اﻣﺎم اﻣﺖ;، ﭘﺸﺘﻮاﻧﻪﻫﺎی دﻛﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻰ; را ﺑﻴﺎن ﻓﺮﻣﻮدهاﻧـﺪ؛ وﻟـﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺳﺆال اﺻﻠﻰ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ِﻗﺮآﻧﻰ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺸﺘﻮاﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎم ﻣﻌﻈﻢ در واﻛﺎویﻫﺎی ﺻﻮرتﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ، اﺛﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﻰ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻋﻨﻮان، ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﺸـﺪ. در زﻣﻴﻨـﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻳـﻪ ﺒﺮیﻫر ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ، ﻛﺘﺎب اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻘﺎم ﻣﻌﻈﻢ رﻫﺒﺮی ﺗـﺪوﻳﻦ ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ؛ وﻟـﻰ در www.SID.ir Archive of SID اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﻔﻰ- ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠـﻰ و ﺷـﻴﻮه اﺳـﻨﺎدی ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ، ﺳﺮﻓﺼـﻞﻫﺎ، ﺑـﻪ آﻳﺎت ﻗﺮآﻧﻰ و ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻰ; و ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﻣﻔﺴـﺮان، ﻣﺴـﺘﻨﺪ و ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻘﺴـﻴﻢﺑﻨﺪی ﺟﺪﻳـﺪی اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. 1. ﻣﻔﻬﻮمﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣــﺖ ﻣﺼــﺪر ﺑــﺎب «ﻣﻔﺎﻋﻠــﻪ» از رﻳﺸــﻪ «ق.و.م» ﺑــﻪ ﻣﻌﻨــﺎی «ﺑﺮﺧﺎﺳــﺘﻦ، اﻳﺴــﺘﺎدﮔﻰ، اﻳﺴﺘﺎدﮔﻰﻛﺮدن، اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺖ، ﭘﺎﻳﺪاری، ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺖﻛﺮدن، ﺑﺮاﺑﺮیﻛﺮدن در ﺟﻨﮓ اﺳﺖ (زﺑﻴﺪی، ﺑﻰﺗﺎ، ج33، ص307؛ اﺑﻦﺳﻴﺪه، 1421ق، ج6، ص589؛ اﺑﻦﻣﻨﻈﻮر، 1414ق، ج12، ص498؛ ﻓﻴﺮوزآﺑـﺎدی، 1426ق، ج1، ص1152؛ ﺟﻮﻫﺮى، 1376، ج2، ص499). ﻣﻔﺴﺮان و اﻧﺪﻳﺸﻤﻨﺪان اﺳﻼﻣﻰ، ﺑﺮای «ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ» ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒﻫﺎﻳﻰ اراﺋﻪ ﻛﺮدهاﻧﺪ، از ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ: ﭘﺎﻳﺪارى در دﻳﻦ و ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺣﻖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻛﮋیﻫﺎ ( اﺑـﻦﻋﺎﺷـﻮر، 1420ق، ج11 ، ص282 ). اﻳﻨﻜـﻪ 84 اﻧﺴــﺎن ﻫﻤــﻮاره ﺑــﺮ ﻃﺮﻳــﻖ ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻛــﻪ راه ﻣﺘﻮﺳــﻂ ﻣﻴــﺎن اﻓــﺮاط و ﺗﻔــﺮﻳﻂ اﺳــﺖ، ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ (ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎﻳﻰ،1390، ج11، ص84). ﺳﺎل ﻣﻘﺎم ﻣﻌﻈﻢ رﻫﺒﺮی در ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎی «ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ» ﻣﻰﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻨﺪ: «ﻣﻌﻨﺎی ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ اﻳـﻦ اﺳـﺖ دوم ، ﻛﻪ اﻧﺴﺎن ﻳﻚ راﻫﻰ را اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ آن را راه ﺣﻖ ﻣﻰداﻧﺪ، راه درﺳـﺖ ﻣﻰداﻧـﺪ و در ﺷﻤﺎره دوم ، اﻳﻦ راه ﺷﺮوع ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ و ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﺪ او را از ﺣﺮﻛﺖ در اﻳﻦ راه ﻣﻨﺼـﺮف ﻛﻨـﺪ و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ( ﺧﺎﻣﻨﻪای، 1398اﻟﻒ) او را ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻛﻨﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎی ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ اﺳﺖ» . 1399 2. ﭘﺸﺘﻮاﻧﻪﻫﺎی دﻛﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻰ4 در ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت رﻫﺒﺮی ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻣﻔﻬﻮمﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ واژه ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ، ﭘﺸﺘﻮاﻧﻪﻫﺎی ِﻣﻨﻄﻘﻰ دﻛﺘـﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ اﻣـﺎم ﺧﻤﻴﻨـﻰ; ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎم ﻣﻌﻈﻢ رﻫﺒﺮی ﺑﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻛﺮد هاﻧﺪ، ﻣﻄﺮح ﻣﻰﺷﻮد و ﺗﺒﻴـﻴﻦ ﻗﺮآﻧـﻰ ﻫﺮﻛـﺪام از اﻳﻦ ﭘﺸﺘﻮاﻧﻪﻫﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮدد. ٢ ١. ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ، واﮐﻨﺶ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ هﺮ ﻣﻠﺖ آزاده در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ زورﮔﻮﯾﯽ - ِ اﻳﺴﺘﺎدن در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻇﻠـﻢ و زورﮔـﻮﻳﻰ رﻳﺸـﻪ در ﻓﻄـﺮت اﻧﺴـﺎنﻫﺎ دارد؛ اﻟﺒﺘـﻪ اﮔـﺮ اﻳـﻦ www.SID.ir Archive of SID ﻓﻄﺮت ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، وﮔﺮﻧﻪ ﻓﺮد ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدی ﺑﻰﺧﺎﺻـﻴﺖ ﻣﻰﺷـﻮد ﻛـﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻇﻠﻢ و ﺳﺘﻤﻰ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ و ﻣﻨﻔﻌﻞ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻰ; ﻣﻰﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻨﺪ: «ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﺸﺮى اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺳـﺘﻤﻜﺎرى و ﻇﻠـﻢ و ﺑــﻰﻋــﺪاﻟﺘﻰ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌــﻪ و ﻣﻠﺘــﻰ اوج ﮔﻴــﺮد، ﺑــﻪ ﻫﻤــﺎن ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﻗــﻮه ﻣﻘﺎوﻣــﺖ در ﻣﻠــﺖ رﺷﺪ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ». اﻳﺸﺎن اوﺿﺎع اﺧﻴﺮ اﻳﺮان را ﺷـﺎﻫﺪ زﻧـﺪه اﻳـﻦ ﻣﺴـﺌﻠﻪ ﻣﻰ داﻧـﺪ (ﺧﻤﻴﻨـﻰ، 1389، ج3، ص110). ﻣﻘﺎم ﻣﻌﻈﻢ رﻫﺒﺮی ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ را واﻛﻨﺶ ِﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻠـﺖ آزاده و ﺑﺎﺷـﺮف در ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ و زورﮔﻮﻳﻰ ﻣﻰداﻧﻨﺪ و ﻣﻰ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻨﺪ: «ﻫﺮ ﻣﻠﺘﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮای ﺷﺮف ﺧـﻮد، ﺑـﺮای ﻫﻮﻳـﺖ ﺧﻮد، ﺑﺮای اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺖ ﺧﻮد ارزش ﻗﺎﺋﻞ اﺳﺖ، وﻗﺘﻰ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﺪ ﻳـﻚ ﭼﻴـﺰی را ﻣﻰﺧﻮاﻫﻨـﺪ ﺑـﻪ او ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﺑﻜﻨﻨﺪ، ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ، اﻣﺘﻨﺎع ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ، اﻳﺴﺘﺎدﮔﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ. ﺧﻮد اﻳـﻦ، ﻳـﻚ دﻟﻴـﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ و ﻗﺎﻧﻊﻛﻨﻨﺪه اﺳﺖ» ( ﺧﺎﻣﻨﻪای، 1398اﻟﻒ). ِ ِ 85 ﻋﻼﻣﻪ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎﻳﻰ در ذﻳﻞ آﻳﻪ «... َو ﻟَ ْﻮ ﻻ َدﻓْ ُﻊ ّٰاﷲ اﻟﻨ َﺎس ﺑَﻌْ َﻀ ُﻬ ْﻢ ﺑِﺒَﻌْ ٍﺾ ﻟَ ُﻬ ﺪ َﻣ ْﺖ َﺻﻮاﻣ ُﻊ َو ِ ِ ٰ ِ ﺑ ٌﻴﻊ َو َﺻﻠَ ٌﻮات َو َﻣﺴﺎﺟ ُﺪ ْﻳﺬﻛَ ُﺮ َﻓﻴﻬﺎ ْاﺳ ُﻢ ّاﷲ ﻛَﺜﻴﺮا ً...؛ و اﮔﺮ ﺧﺪاوﻧـﺪ ﺑﻌﻀـﻰ از ﻣـﺮدم را ﺑـﻪ آﻣﻮزه وﺳﻴﻠﮥ ﺑﻌﻀﻰ دﻳﮕﺮ دﻓﻊ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ، دﻳﺮﻫﺎ و ﺻﻮﻣﻌﻪﻫﺎ و ﻣﻌﺎﺑﺪ ﻳﻬﻮد و ﻧﺼـﺎرا، و ﻣﺴـﺎﺟﺪى ﻛـﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻧﺎم ﺧﺪا در آن ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺑﺮده ﻣﻰﺷﻮد، وﻳﺮان ﻣﻰﮔﺮدد!» (ﺣﺞ:40)، دﻓﺎع ﻣﺮدم از ﻣﻨـﺎﻓﻊ ﺣﻴـﺎﺗﻰ ﭘﺸﺘﻮاﻧﻪ ِ ﻫﺎی ﺧﻮد و اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺖ در ﺣﻔﻆ وﺿﻊ زﻧـﺪﮔﻰ را ﺳـﻨﺖ ﻓﻄـﺮى ﺟـﺎری در ﻣﻴـﺎن ﻣـﺮدم ﻗﻠﻤـﺪاد ِ ﻗﺮآﻧﻰ ﻛﺮدهاﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺪاى ﻣﺘﻌﺎل اﻧﺴﺎن را ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ روﺷﻰ ﻫـﺪاﻳﺖ ﻓﺮﻣـﻮده اﺳـﺖ (ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒـﺎﻳﻰ، 1390، دﻛﺘﺮﻳﻦ ج14، ص385 و ج2، ص293). ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ اﻣﺎم ٢ -٢. ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ، ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺑﺮای ﻋﻘﺐﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ دﺷﻤﻦ ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻰ ; ﺑﺎ دوﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ از اﺟﺰای ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻰ اﻳـﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳـﻪ، اﺷـﺎره ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ در ﻋﻘﺐﻧﺸـﻴﻨﻰ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ دﺷﻤﻦ دارد. اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﻴﻨﻰ; ﻣﻰﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻨﺪ: «ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻧﺸﻮﻳﺪ... ﻧﻘﺸﻪ آن اﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻗـﺪم ﺑـﻪ ﻗـﺪم ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﭘﻴﺸﺮوی ﻛﻨﻨﺪ.
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