An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6009 2362)

Leon Hunt and Patrick Clay

ULAS Report No 2014-172 ©2014

An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6009 2362)

Leon Hunt and Patrick Clay

for: Ms J. McBean

Checked by:

Signed:

Date: ……03.10.2014.

Name: ...... Patrick Clay

University of Leicester Archaeological Services University Rd., Leicester, LE1 7RH Tel: (0116) 252 2848 Fax: (0116) 252 2614

ULAS Report Number 2014-172 ©2014

CONTENTS

Summary ...... 3 Introduction ...... 3 Aims and Methods ...... 3 Methodology ...... 4 Site Location, Geology and Topography ...... 6 Historical and Archaeological Background ...... 6 Historical Background ...... 6 Archaeological Background...... 7 Prehistoric ...... 8 Roman ...... 8 Anglo-Saxon ...... 8 Medieval ...... 8 Post-medieval ...... 9 Historic Buildings ...... 9 Cartographic Evidence ...... 9 Site Visit...... 11 Appraisal of Development Impact ...... 14 Conclusion ...... 14 References ...... 14 Sources ...... 15 Appendix I: Heritage assets listed on Historic Environment Record for Leicestershire and Rutland ...... 18 Appendix II: Historic Buildings Listed on Historic Environment Record for Leicestershire and Rutland ...... 22

FIGURES Figure 1: Site Location...... 4 Figure 2: Location plans of the application area (outlined)…………………………...4 Figure 3: Plan of known heritage assets in the vicinity of the assessment area……… 6 Figure 4: Detail of Ordnance Survey map XI.II (2nd edition 1884) with application area outlined. Original scale 25” to the mile…………………………………………10 Figure 5: Detail of Ordnance Survey map XI.II (1900) with application area outlines. Original scale 25” to the mile…………………………………………………… ….11 Figure 6: Detail of Ordnance Survey map XI.II (1921) with application area outlines. Original scale 25” to the mile………………………………………………………..12 Figure 7: Detail of Ordnance survey map SK6023 (1991) with application area outlined. ……………………………………………………………………………..13 Figure 8: The northern part of the application area where it is proposed to build the new dwelling, looking north-west…………………………………………………...14 Figure 9: Application area from the south showing entrance way with Listed former stable buildings on the left………………………………………………………….. 16 Figure 10: The 18th century Listed Manor House immediately east of the entrance to the application area…………………………………………………………………. 16 Figure 11: Proposed development at 17 Far Street, Wymeswold (Supplied by Haven Architecture Ltd)…………………………………………………………………… 17

An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6049 2349)

An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6009 2362)

Leon Hunt and Patrick Clay

Summary An archaeological desk-based assessment has been prepared for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6009 2362). The assessment was commissioned by Haven Architecture Ltd on behalf of Ms J. McBean from University of Leicester Archaeological Services (ULAS) in advance of the proposed development of the site for new housing. The site lies at the north-western edge of the village within the historic core of the village (MLE1149) and Conservation Area and is currently a garden behind the street frontage with access road. It lies adjacent to two Listed Buildings: The Manor House (MLE14611) and associated former stable buildings now used as a furniture showroom (MLE14612). There are a number of known findspots for archaeological artefacts within and around the village in the vicinity of the assessment area. These include prehistoric, Roman, Anglo-Saxon and medieval finds, including metalwork. Therefore, there is moderate potential for prehistoric, Anglo-Saxon and medieval remains to be present on the site. The site has not been developed since at least the post-medieval period and so the preservation of any archaeological remains that may be present is likely to be good.

Introduction In accordance with National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), Section 12 (conserving and enhancing the historic environment) this document is an archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (NGR: SK 6009 2362). The assessment was commissioned by Haven Architecture Ltd on behalf of Ms J. McBean from University of Leicester Archaeological Services (ULAS) in advance of the proposed development of the site for a new house and garage. The site is currently a garden with access from Far Street. The application area lies within the historic core of the village and Conservation area close to two Listed buildings. There are a number of known findspots for archaeological features in the vicinity of the assessment area, including prehistoric, Anglo-Saxon and medieval finds. Aims and Methods The aim of this desk-based assessment is to present information on the extent, character, date, integrity, state of preservation and significance of cultural heritage assets present within the study area. The assessment takes into account all previous land uses and attempts to establish what impact future development will have on the archaeological remains. The desk- based assessment should, once the above information has been gathered, assist in

© ULAS Report 2014-172 3 An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6049 2349) providing an informed planning decision as to whether further stages of work are necessary. All work follows the Institute for Archaeologist’s (IfA) Code of Conduct and adheres to their Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment (2011). Methodology The following sources have been consulted to assess previous land use and archaeological potential: • Archaeological records (Historic Environment Record for Leicestershire & Rutland, Leicestershire County Council) • Previous Ordnance Survey and other maps of the area (Record Office for Leicester, Leicestershire & Rutland (ROLLR), Wigston Magna, Leicestershire) • Geological maps (ULAS Reference Library and British Geological Survey website)

Figure 1: Site Location Reproduced from Landranger® Sheet 129 (Nottingham & Loughborough) 1:50 000 scale by permission of Ordnance Survey® on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. © Crown copyright 2000. All rights reserved. Licence number AL 100029495.

© ULAS Report 2014-172 4 An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6049 2349)

Figure 2 Location plans of the application area (outlined)

© ULAS Report 2014-172 5 An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6049 2349)

• Historical background material (ULAS Reference Library and University of Leicester Library). A site visit was undertaken on 3rd October 2014 in order to examine the area. Particular attention was paid to the current land use of all parts of the application area and its likely impact on the condition of any buried archaeological remains.

Site Location, Geology and Topography Wymeswold village lies at the northern edge of Leicestershire around 5 miles from the centre of Loughborough (Figure 1). The site consists of a garden and access road covering c. 0.1 hectares, within the north-western part of the village’s Conservation Area. The land slopes up to the north and lies at c. 70m aOD. The British Geological Survey website indicates that the underlying geology is likely to be Barnby Member Mudstone on the northern part of the site, with Blue Anchor Formation Mudstone on the southern part of the site, overlain by Oadby Member Diamicton.

Historical and Archaeological Background

Historical Background The place name of Wymeswold, shown as ‘Wimundeswald’ within the Domesday Survey of 1086, is Anglo-Saxon in origin and means ‘Forest land of a man called Wīgmund’ (Mills 2003). This is possibly the same Wigmund or Wymund that gave his name to Wymondham in the eastern part of the county (Potter 1915). Presumably the land was held by Wigmund’s descendants before the Norman Conquest, after which the Anglo-Saxon landowners were largely disposed of their lands and the estates were given to the Norman nobility. In the case of this village the land was split between Hugh de Grandmesnil, who fought with William at Hastings, and subsequently became one of the greatest landowners in England, and other knights including Roger de Busli, Durnad Malet and Robert de Jorz. Hugh had the greatest ownership (Potter 1915). It is known that Hugh’s land passed to his third son Ivo, who then lost the manor after he joined the rebellion against Henry I. The lands were given to the Earl of Meulan, later Earl of Leicester. The lands of Roger de Busli passed to the Alfreton family and the Jorz family held their land until 1328. The Malet descent is not known. The lands had various owners until, in the time Edward III, Richard de Willoughby, who owned one of the three manors, was granted a charter to hold a weekly market on Wednesdays and annual fair. The layout of the village as it stands today is largely the result of the Enclosure Act of 1759. One eighth of the land around the village (around 800 acres) was granted to Trinity College, Cambridge as compensation for the loss of the tithe land. Around 73 acres were granted to the vicar in lieu of the small tithes. The rest of land was then divided amongst the other 'proprietors' according to their rights in the common land. The lords of the manor at this time, Thomas Allsop and John Davys, were awarded about 575 acres mostly to the north and east of the village. Ten other persons received amounts in excess of 50 acres. A similar amount was granted to 'Wymeswold Town'. The residue amounted to just over 600 acres and was allotted to 57 other people in amounts ranging from 40 acres down to plots of less

© ULAS Report 2014-172 6 An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6049 2349) than one acre. Cottagers who had only grazing rights were granted a share of the strips of land extending along Narrow Lane. The roads through the village were formalised around this time and the enclosure also saw the construction of outlying farmhouses and other buildings in more convenient situations closer to the new enclosures. Many of the houses, which still exist within the village were constructed or improved around this time (Wolds Historical Organisation website 2012)

Figure 3: Plan of known archaeological sites in the vicinity of the assessment area. Data HER for Leicestershire and Rutland, provided by Leicestershire County Council. Application area arrowed. Archaeological Background The Historic Environment Record for Leicestershire & Rutland indicates that the application area lies immediately to the north of a Grade II Listed Building comprising a range of late 18th century farm buildings, the south gable fronting on to Far street (MLE14162). Immediately east of the proposed entrance way for the application area is the Grade II Listed late 18th century Manor House (MLE14161). It lies within the medieval core of Wymeswold (MLE1149). The village itself is Anglo-Saxon in origin and the medieval core of the village has been determined using early maps. There are a number of other known heritage assets (archaeological sites and historic buildings) in the vicinity of the assessment area. These are summarised below and the full listings are shown in Appendix I, while their locations are illustrated on Figure 3.

© ULAS Report 2014-172 7 An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6049 2349)

Prehistoric The findspot for sherds of Iron Age scored ware lies to the south of the assessment area (MLE1171), along with coins discovered in the 1980s. Iron Age remains were found during excavations south-east of Wymeswold Hall, 400m east of the application area (MLE1168). Further Iron Age pottery sherds were found on a site 900m south-east of the assessment area (MLE6467), prehistoric flint remains lies nearby (MLE7440), 500m north-west of the site (MLE7168) and further to the north-north-west (MLE6305). An Iron Age coin has been found north-east of Wymeswold Hall, 800m east of the assessment area (MLE6464).

Roman A single sherd of Roman pottery has been found 600m south of the site (MLE20435), A loom weight and spindle whorl were found nearby, which are likely to be of Roman date (MLE21307). A substantial amount of Roman features and artefacts were found during the excavations to the south-east of Wymeswold Hall, alongside the Iron Age material (see above: MLE1168). A number of Roman finds, including brooches, coins, rings and a bracelet were found my metal detectors on a site 500m north of the assessment area (MLE5921). Further brooches have been found north-west of the church, 350m north of the assessment area (MLE7803) and from a site 1.1km south-east (MLE7804). Another Roman coin was found 600m north-west of the site (MLE7800) along with more pottery sherds close by (MLE20423).

Anglo-Saxon Sherds of Anglo-Saxon pottery were found 600m south of the assessment area (MLE6130). An Anglo-Saxon brooch was found near Ridgewood Farm, 1.1km south of the site (MLE6127). A watching brief carried out at Wymeswold Memorial Hall recovered Saxo-Norman pottery. The Memorial Hall lies c. 200m south-west of the assessment area (MLE15930 & MLE15934). Four Anglo-Saxon burials were found at Hillside Farm in 1957, c. 400m north-west of the site (MLE1147).

Medieval A medieval coin was found on land c. 400m to the south of the site (MLE6697) with pottery (MLE20434) and a medieval copper alloy seal matrix nearby (MLE6690). An evaluation carried out by ULAS in 2006 revealed medieval pits on land off Wysall Lane (Richards 2006). The site lies 200m north-west of the assessment area (MLE16147). Medieval pottery artefacts have been found on land 1km south-east of the site (MLE20436) with another single piece nearby (MLE20437). There are further pottery finds to the north of the village (MLE20424 & MLE20429). The village was granted a market charter in 1338 and the market was probably on Far Street (MLE1156 & MLE1157).

© ULAS Report 2014-172 8 An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6049 2349)

Post-medieval The most significant post-medieval remains in Wymeswold are the earthwork remains of Wymeswold Hall and the associated gardens, which lie 600m east of the site (MLE1150 & MLE1151).

Historic Buildings The application area lies within the Conservation area of Wymeswold close to two Listed buildings (e.g above p. 5). The Church of St. Mary in Far Street is largely early 14th century in date and is Grade I Listed (Listing No. 87/45/2/106). This lies c. 400m south-east of the site (MLE14581). There are several other Listed and historic buildings in the village and are shown in detail in Appendix II.

Cartographic Evidence The first available map that can be accessed is the 25 inch to 1 mile 1884 edition of the Ordnance Survey map. This shows the site as consisting of a narrow lane running from Far Street and a small paddock to the rear of the stable buildings west of the lane (Figure 4). The 1900 edition and the 1921 edition show an almost identical scene (Figures 5 and 6). The 1991 edition map is the latest available (Figure 7) and this again shows an almost identical scene to the previous maps.

© ULAS Report 2014-172 9 An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6049 2349)

Figure 4: Detail of Ordnance Survey map XI.II (2nd edition 1884) with application area outlined. Original scale 25” to the mile.

© ULAS Report 2014-172 10 An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6049 2349)

Figure 5: Detail of Ordnance Survey map XI.II (1900) with application area outlines. Original scale 25” to the mile.

© ULAS Report 2014-172 11 An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6049 2349)

Figure 6: Detail of Ordnance Survey map XI.II (1921) with application area outlines. Original scale 25” to the mile.

© ULAS Report 2014-172 12 An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6049 2349)

Figure 7: Detail of Ordnance survey map SK6023 (1991) with application area outlined.

Site Visit The site was visited by the author (PC) on 3rd October 2014 in order to assess the current state of the proposed development area. The site can be accessed from Far Street and the southern part of the application area comprises a narrow lane running north between The Old Manor House and the former stable block. To the north of the former stable block is the northern part of the

© ULAS Report 2014-172 13 An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6049 2349) application area where it is proposed to construct a building and garage. This area is currently a vegetable garden with green houses to the north (Figure 8). The application rea is immediately to the east of the Listed former18th century stable block now a furniture showroom (Figure 9). To the east of the proposed entranceway is the Grade II Listed 18th century Manor House (Figure 10).

Appraisal of Development Impact The proposed development is for a single dwelling with garage within the north- western plot with vehicular access from Far Street (Figure 11). Foundation trenches for two-storey dwellings are normally at least 1m deep and therefore the excavation of foundation trenches would have an impact on any underlying archaeological remains that may exist on the site. The area does not appear to have been built on in the last two centuries so the preservation of underlying archaeological remains, if present, may be good. The proposal will have an impact on the setting of the Grade II Listed former stable block (MLE14612) although only on its northern gable. The Manor House will be mostly masked by the former stable buildings so there will be minimal impact on the setting of this listed building.

Conclusion The land at Far Street lies within the historic core of the village, and is within the Conservation Area. It lies within the historic core of Wymeswold so there is potential for archaeological remains of medieval date to be present relating to the origins of the village. Prehistoric finds have been discovered within the field to the direct south of the assessment area and there are a number of other prehistoric findspots nearby. Roman material has been found around the village, although the sites are a little distance away from the assessment area. Anglo-Saxon and medieval finds, including metal work have been found adjacent to the assessment area and human remains have also been found dating from the Anglo-Saxon period in the vicinity of the village. Therefore, there is moderate potential for archaeological remains to be impacted on by the proposed development. The site has not been developed previously and the preservation of any archaeological remains is likely to be good. The application area is within the Wymwesold Conservation Area and there will be some limited impact on the setting of the Grade II Listed former stable block and Manor House.

References Mills, A. D., 2003 ‘Wymeswold’ in A Dictionary of British Place-Names. Oxford University Press. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Potter, S.P. 1915 A History of Wymeswold. J.Miles. London Richards, G 2006 An Archaeological Evaluation of Land off Wysall Lane Wymeswold, Leicestershire (NGR SK 603 237) (ULAS Report No. 2006-096)

© ULAS Report 2014-172 14 An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6049 2349)

Sources HER Historic Environment Record for Leicestershire and Rutland (Leicestershire County Council: Leicestershire and Rutland Historic Environment Record, County Hall OS MAPS: Via http://digimap.edina.ac.uk/ancientroam/historic maps online: 25 inch to 1 mile, Sheet XI.9: 1884 edition; 1903 edition; 1921 edition. 6 inch to 1 mile, Sheet SK 62 SW: 1959 edition. 1: 2500, Sheet SK 6023: 1971 edition British Geological Survey Website

Leon Hunt Patrick Clay ULAS University of Leicester University Road Leicester LE1 7RH Tel: 0116 252 2848 Fax: 0116 252 2614 Email: [email protected]

02-10-2014

Figure 8: The northern part of the application area where it is proposed to build the new dwelling, looking north-west

© ULAS Report 2014-172 15 An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6049 2349)

Figure 9 Application area from the south showing entrance way with Listed former stable buildings on the left

Figure 10 The 18th century Listed Manor House immediately east of the entrance to the application area

© ULAS Report 2014-172 16 An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6049 2349)

Figure 11 Proposed development at 17 Far Street, Wymeswold (Supplied by Haven Architecture Ltd)

© ULAS Report 2014-172 17 An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6049 2349)

Appendix I: Heritage Assets listed on Historic Environment Record for Leicestershire and Rutland

PREHISTORIC HER REF NAME TYPE DATE DESCRIPTION FINDS LOCATION MLE1168 South east of HOUSE Late Iron Bob Trubshaw visited the site SHERD SK 605 234 Wymeswold SITE Age to in February 1990 when it had BROOCH Hall DITCH Early been the subject of bulldozing CHEESE PRESS Roman - pending excavation of the SHERD 100 BC to new house footings and 249 AD recovered 10 sherds of Roman pottery from the top soil dump. Subsequently, the base of an upturned Iron Age pot was disturbed by earth moving equipment. The site was then subject of an excavation by Leicestershire Museums. An Iron Age gully, which probably once ran around a circular house, was revealed and this had a Roman ditch running straight across it. These suggested a settlement close by, possibly under Wymeswold Hall. The upturned Iron Age pot was recovered almost complete and was subsequently reconstructed MLE1171 Possible Iron SITE? Iron Age - 2 large sherds of Ancaster- COINS (3) SK 600 230 Age site from 800 BC to Breedon ware were found SHERD (Small south-west of 42 AD close to a distinct mound in a quantity) the church ploughed field in 1990. Someone else had some other sherds. These could represent a site. Three Iron Age coins were also found here in the 1980s. Description: Silver unit of the Corieltavi found 1987 Copper alloy stater of the Corieltavi found 1986 Gold stater of the Corieltavi found 1989 MLE6305 Bronze Age FINDSPOT Early A barbed and tanged BARBED AND SK 598 240 arrowhead from Bronze arrowhead was found here in TANGED north-east of Age - 2350 the 1980s. ARROWHEAD Barn Farm BC to 1501 (1) BC MLE6464 Iron Age coin FINDSPOT Iron Age - A South Ferriby type silver COIN (1) SK 606 237 from north-east 800 BC to half unit of the Corieltavi was of Wymeswold 42 AD found in 1990 via metal Hall detecting.

MLE6467 Iron FINDSPOT Late Iron In September 1994, one sherd SHERD (2) SK 610 229 Age/Roman Age to Late of late Iron Age pottery and a pottery from Roman - sherd of possible Roman south-east of 100 BC to shelly ware were found Wymeswold 409 AD amongst other finds in this vicinity.

MLE7168 Neolithic/Bronze FINDSPOT Early A flake with two kinds of COMBINATION SK 595 238 Age flint from Neolithic to retouch, which seems likely TOOL (1) south-west of Late to be both a knife and a Barn Farm Bronze scraper, was found here in the Age - 4000 1980s. BC to 801 BC) MLE7440 Prehistoric flint FINDSPOT Late A flint scraper and a RETOUCHED SK 610 229 from south-east Neolithic to retouched flake were found FLAKE (1) of Wymeswold Early amongst other finds in SCRAPER Bronze September 1994. (TOOL) (1) Age - 3000 BC to 1501 BC ROMAN

© ULAS Report 2014-172 18 An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6049 2349) HER REF NAME TYPE DATE DESCRIPTION FINDS LOCATION MLE5921 Roman site METAL Roman - 43 AD Investigation in this area COLCHESTER SK 600 244 north of WORKING to 409 AD (mainly metal detecting) has BROOCH (1) Wymeswold SITE recorded various Roman finds COIN (1) including silver and copper BRACELET (1) alloy coins, 4 brooches, 3 COIN finger rings, a bracelet and COMB (1) copper alloy slag suggesting FINGER RING metal working. SHERD (Small See Below also: quantity) SLAG (Small quantity) TRUMPET BROOCH (3) Description: A trumpet type Roman brooch was found here in 1987. A copper alloy object similar to a miniature rake or a comb was also recorded in 1987. A series of Roman coins were apparently found in this area by members of the Loughborough Search Society. Many of the coins came from rather further from the east, around SK 602 241. Fieldwalking in 1989 and 1990 in one of the fields recovered a single sherd of Roman grey ware (a foot fragment). In 1991 an openwork triskele fitting with a broken central shank was recorded from SK 601 241, probbaly early Roman in date. Two Roman finger rings were recorded from SK 601 240, one is C3rd/C4th and appears to have the letters TOT. In 1994 2 trumpet brooches were found, of Riii type, a Colchester brooch and silver and copper alloy coins. Also, nine pieces of copper alloy slag, indicating either smelting or casting. In 1997 a denarius of Vitellus, a Roman finger ring and a Roman bracelet were recorded. In 2000 a copper alloy nummus of Constans (348-350) was found in this area via metal detecting.

MLE7800 Roman coin FINDSPOT Early Roman to A C3rd Roman coin was COIN (1) SK 595 238 from south-west Late Roman - found here in the 1980s. of Barn Farm 201 AD to 300 AD

MLE7801 Roman pottery FINDSPOT Roman - 43 AD Roman pottery was SHERDS SK 597 238 from Hillside to 409 AD apparently found with Anglo Farm Saxon burials

MLE7803 Roman FINDSPOT Roman - 43 AD In 1986 two Roman brooches BROOCH (2) SK 600 238 brooches from to 409 AD were found here. north-west of the church MLE7804 Roman FINDSPOT Early Roman - Three Roman brooches were BOW BROOCH SK 607 225 brooches from 43 AD to 249 found here via metal (1) north-west of AD detecting in the 1980s: a DOLPHIN Gambers Hill dolphin type, a bow brooch BROOCH (1) Lodge and a Polden Hill brooch POLDEN HILL BROOCH (1) MLE20423 Roman pottery FINDSPOT Roman - 43 AD Fieldwalking in 1989 SHERD (2) SK 597 239 at Hillside Farm to 409 AD produced 2 sherds of Romano-British pottery.

MLE20435 Roman pottery FINDSPOT Roman - 43 AD Fieldwalking in 1988 SHERD (1) SK 606 228 south-west of to 409 AD recovered a single sherd of Brook Roman pottery. MLE21307 Possible Roman FINDSPOT Roman - 43 AD A possible Roman lead loom LOOMWEIGHT SK 60 22 finds from south ? to 409 AD weight and a lead spindle (1) of Wymeswold whorl were found in this SPINDLE vicinity in 2007 via metal WHORL (1) detecting.

ANGLO-SAXON HER REF NAME TYPE DATE DESCRIPTION FINDS LOCATION MLE1147 Early Anglo- INHUMATION Early In October 1957 builders HUMAN SK 597 238 Saxon cemetery, CEMETERY Anglo digging foundations for new REMAINS (4) Hillside Farm Saxon - farm buildings found several KNIFE (1) 410 AD to skulls (4 in all), and 3 SHERD 649 AD skeletons. These lay in a row with feet to the east at about 2' deep. An iron knife blade was found with the second burial. Anglo-Saxon pottery was associated with the burials. MLE1149 Historic VILLAGE Late The medieval and post- - SK 603 234 settlement core Anglo medieval historic settlement of Wymeswold Saxon to core of the village has been Modern - deduced from landscape maps, 850 AD to etc. 2050 AD "Known as Wimundeswalde in 1086 (Domesday Book). Wigmund (OE male personal name) + OE wald 'woodland, tract of woodland, high forest land'. 'High tract of woodland © ULAS Report 2014-172 19 An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6049 2349) associated with Wigmund'. The name Wigmund also occurs at Wymondham but there does not appear to be a connection between these two places”

MLE6127 Anglo-Saxon FINDSPOT Early A late C5th/early C6th small SMALL LONG SK 600 225 brooch found Anglo long brooch was found here BROOCH (1) near Ridgewold Saxon - and recorded in 1988. Farm 410 AD to 649 AD

MLE6130 Anglo-Saxon FINDSPOT Anglo In the 1990s three sherds of SHERD (3) SK 601 229 pottery from Saxon - pottery brought in from here south of 410 AD? and identified as probable Wymeswold to 1066 Anglo-Saxon. AD?) MLE15930 Medieval FINDSPOT Late A watching brief in 2000 SHERD (>10) SK 600 234 pottery from Anglo recovered various finds SHERD (Small Wymeswold Saxon to including Saxo-Norman and quantity) Memorial Hall, Late medieval pottery. Clay Street Medieval An archaeological watching - 850 AD brief by ULAS in 2000 to to 1539 monitor the stripping of topsoil AD and reduction of ground levels revealed fragments of medieval pottery along with sherds Saxo-Norman pottery.

MEDIEVAL HER REF NAME TYPE DATE DESCRIPTION FINDS LOCATION MLE1156 Market Cross, MARKET Medieval - A market cross stood at the - SK 600 235 Far Street/Clay CROSS 1067 AD to junction of Far Street and Clay Street 1539 AD Street.

MLE1157 Medieval MARKET Medieval - There was a market charter for - SK 6006 market, Far 1067 AD to Wymeswold in 1338, probably 2354 Street/Clay 1539 AD on the Far St/Clay St site. Street MLE6690 Medieval seal FINDSPOT Medieval - A medieval, vesica shaped, SEAL MATRIX SK 601 229 matrix from 1067 AD to copper alloy seal matrix (1) south of the 1539 AD showing St Margaret was village found here in the 1980s.

MLE6697 Medieval coin FINDSPOT Early Medieval A C13th French silver coin of COIN (1) SK 600 229 from south of - 1280 AD to John II d'Avesnes was found Wymeswold 1304 AD whilst metal detecting in 1994

MLE9764 Possible SITE Medieval - A gully and two pits were GULLY SK 59871 medieval 1067 AD? to recorded during a watching PIT 23618 remains, 9, 1539 AD?) brief in 2001/2. The features Rempstone are likely to be medieval or Road earlier. Between October 2001-March 2002 APS undertook a watching brief during a residential development. A north-south alligned linear gulley over 0.9m long and 0.18m wide was recorded but contained no dating evidence. 2.5m south of this was a sub rectangular pit 0.6m wide and 1m long. A large pit 7m by 4m was recorded to the south-east of both. The features are likey to be medieval or earlier.

MLE16147 Medieval PIT Early Medieval Two pits and a sherd of C12th SHERD (1 SK 603 236 remains, north- - 1067 AD to pottery were recorded during west of The Old 1200 AD trial trenching in 2006. Chapel MLE20424 Medieval FINDSPOT Medieval - Fieldwalking in 1989 SHERD (4) SK 597 239 pottery at 1067 AD to recovered 4 sherds of early SHERD (>10) Hillside Farm 1539 AD medieval and 19 sherds of late medieval pottery. MLE20429 Medieval FINDSPOT Medieval - Fieldwalking in 1989-1990 SHERD (1) SK 600 241 © ULAS Report 2014-172 20 An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6049 2349) pottery east of 1067 AD to recovered 1 sherd of early SHERD (6-10) Storkit Lane 1539 AD medieval and 9 sherds of late medieval pottery.

MLE20434 Early medieval FINDSPOT Early Medieval Fieldwalking in 1990 SHERD (2) SK 602 230 pottery - 1200 AD? to recovered 2 sherds of southwest of the 1299 AD? ?Nottingham ware. Church MLE20436 Late medieval FINDSPOT Late Medieval Fieldwalking recovered 10 SHERD (6-10) SK 606 228 pottery - 1350 AD to sherds of late medieval southwest of 1539 AD pottery. Brook Street MLE20437 Medieval FINDSPOT Medieval - Fieldwalking in 1988 SHERD (4) SK 610 229 pottery from 1067 AD to recovered a single piece of late south-east of 1539 AD medieval pottery. In 1994 two Wymeswold sherds of early medieval pottery and one sherd of late medieval were recovered.

POST-MEDIEVAL HER REF NAME TYPE DATE DESCRIPTION FINDS LOCATION MLE1150 Wymeswold HOUSE: Early Earthwork remains of - SK 606 232 Hall EARTHWORKS Post- Wymeswold Hall. A medieval prominent rectangular hollow to Late may indicate the site of the Post- cellars of the Hall. A valuation medieval - document from 1744 suggests 1540 AD that the Hall was still standing to 1750 at this time. There is a plan in AD? the earthworks book. A valuation document from 1744 suggests the Hall was still extant at this time, though it appears to have been demoilshed by 1759 when the area is known as 'Hall Closes'. MLE1151 Post-medieval GARDEN Early Landscaped terraced gardens - SK 607 232 garden, Post- belonging to the now vanished Wymeswold medieval Wymeswold Hall. These Hall to Late include a terraced walkway, Post- old enclosures (possibly an medieval - orchard) and an ornamental 1540 AD pond. In various places on the to 1750 main platform traces of former AD divisions of garden plots are visible. A valuation document from 1744 suggests the gardens were still extant at this time. The Hall appears to have been demolished by 1759 when the area is known as 'Hall Closes'.

MLE20428 Post-medieval MANURING Post- A group fieldwalking at this SHERDS SK 598 241 pottery west of SCATTER? medieval - site in 1990 noted 'copious' Storkit Lane 1540 AD sherds of post-medieval to 1899 pottery. They were not AD collected.

MODERN HER REF NAME TYPE DATE DESCRIPTION FINDS LOCATION MLE15980 Wymeswold MILITARY Modern See Below: - SK 585 223 Airfield AIRFIELD

Description: The airfield opened in 1942 and was a three-runway bomber base. After the war it continued training until 1947. In 1949 it became a fighter station, and from 1958 was used for aircraft maintenance. The airfield was last used in 1970. On the 'Defence of Britain' website they mention the following buildings: Guardroom, Fire Tender Station, Parachute Store, Gas Clothing Store, Hangars, Water Tower, Control tower. From 2014 the site has been used for a large-scale solar farm.

The airfield opened in 1942 and was a three-runway bomber base. After the war it continued training until 1947. In 1949 it became a fighter station, and from 1958 was used for aircraft maintenance. The airfield was last used in 1970.

In 1958 Field Aircraft Services started overhauling the Canadian Air Force planes based in Europe, and they gradually took on more civilian maintenance as military work dried up. They ceased work in 1969, and following one last RAF exercise in 1970 the site has been derelict. The control tower and various features of the airfield still survive. More information is in 'Leicestershire & Rutland Airfields'.

The airfield opened in 1942 and trained bomber crews. The first unit to use the base was No. 28 OTU, which was equipped mainly with Wellingtons. In 1944 No. 108 OTU began to train bomber crews to carry out transportation roles, using Dakota III aircraft. The airfield closed in 1947. In 1949 it re-opened. The No. 504 Auxiliary Squadron became the first Auxiliary squadron to be re-equipped with Meteor © ULAS Report 2014-172 21 An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6049 2349) IV aircraft. During the 1950s three regular squadrons used the station, although only for short periods. The station closed in 1957.

UNDATED HER REF NAME TYPE DATE DESCRIPTION FINDS LOCATION MLE20425 Undated slag at FINDSPOT Undated Fieldwalking in SLAG (2) SK 597 239 Hillside Farm 1989 recovered 2 fragments of undated slag.

MLE20430 Undated slag FINDSPOT Undated Fieldwalking in SLAG (1) SK 600 241 east of Storkit 1989-90 Lane recovered a single piece of slag. This may or may not be associated with the Roman site in this area (MLE5921). Appendix II: Historic Buildings Listed on Historic Environment Record for Leicestershire and Rutland

Listing description MLE14612 FARMBUILDINGS TO THE MANOR HOUSE IMMEDIATELY WEST OF MANOR HOUSE, FAR STREET (north side) WYMESWOLD, CHARNWOOD, LEICESTERSHIRE Date listed:20 September 1978 Date of last amendment:20 September 1978 GradeII Centred SK 60092 23592 (7m by 44m) Summary: Late C18th brick farm buildings. Description: Listed building description: Farmbuildings to the Manor House. Immediately west of Manor House. 20.9.78 GV II Range of farmbuildings, gable to street, late C18. Brick, with slate roofs. A low two storeys. In gable end, nesting holes and ledges for doves. The main range has 3 blank arcade bays, with various stables etc. beyond. Listing description MLE14611 THE MANOR HOUSE, FAR STREET (NORTH SIDE) WYMESWOLD, CHARNWOOD, LEICESTERSHIRE

Grid Reference: Centred SK 60118 23585 (20m by 23m) Summary: Late C18th brick house. Description: Listed building description:

House, late C18. Brick, on an ashlar plinth. Modern tiled roof. 2 1/2 storeys, 4 bays (right-hand bay rests on differently constructed plinth). Stone sill course to first floor. Stone sills to all windows, which are 16- and 8-light sashes with gauged brick heads. 6-panelled door with traceried fanlight and flat stone porch supported on moulded and decorated brackets. Moulded eaves cornice. Gable end and axial stacks. Wing to rear

1 curtilage building

HER REf Name Grade MLE14526 55 LONDON LANE (SOUTH Grade II SIDE) MLE14527 57 LONDON LANE Grade II

MLE14575 49 FAR STREET (NORTH Grade II SIDE) MLE14576 55 FAR STREET (NORTH Grade II SIDE) MLE14577 12 FAR STREET (SOUTH Grade II SIDE)

© ULAS Report 2014-172 22 An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6049 2349) MLE14578 16 FAR STREET (SOUTH Grade II SIDE) MLE14579 WHITE HORSE, 22 FAR Grade II STREET (SOUTH SIDE) MLE14580 52 FAR STREET (SOUTH Grade II SIDE) MLE14581 CHURCH OF ST. MARY, FAR Grade I STREET (SOUTH SIDE) MLE14582 LYCHGATE TO Grade II CHURCHYARD, FAR STREET (SOUTH SIDE MLE14583 K6 TELEPHONE KIOSK, Grade II CHURCH STREET MLE14584 THE OLD CHAPEL, WYSALL Grade II LANE MLE14585 27a BROOK STREET Grade II (NORTH SIDE) MLE14586 METHODIST CHAPEL, Grade II BROOK STREET (NORTH SIDE) MLE14587 LITTLE THATCH, BROOK Grade II STREET (NORTH SIDE) MLE14588 THE DOWER HOUSE, Grade II BROOK STREET (NORTH SIDE) MLE14589 79 BROOK STREET (NORTH Grade II SIDE) MLE14590 ROSE COTTAGE, BROOK Grade II STREET (NORTH) MLE14591 58 BROOK STREET (SOUTH Grade II SIDE) MLE14592 64 BROOK STREET (SOUTH Grade II SIDE) MLE14593 66 BROOK STREET (SOUTH Grade II SIDE) MLE14594 CRADDOCK COTTAGE, 74 Grade II BROOK STREET (SOUTH SIDE MLE14595 108 BROOK STREET (SOUTH Grade II SIDE) MLE14596 MAGNOLIA COTTAGE, 124 Grade II BROOK STREET (SOUTH SIDE) MLE14597 SUNDAY SCHOOL, CHAPEL Grade II BAR MLE14598 3 CHURCH STREET (WEST Grade II SIDE) MLE14599 ASH HOUSE, 7 CHURCH Grade II STREET (WEST SIDE) MLE14600 11 CHURCH STREET (WEST Grade II SIDE) MLE14601 17 CHURCH STREET (WEST Grade II SIDE) MLE14602 24 CHURCH STREET (EAST Grade II SIDE) MLE14603 THE VINES, 26 CHURCH Grade II LANE (EAST SIDE) MLE14604 26a CHURCH LANE (EAST Grade II SIDE MLE14605 BARN BETWEEN 24 AND 26 Grade II CHURCH STREET (EAST SIDE) MLE14606 22 CLAY STREET Grade II

© ULAS Report 2014-172 23 An archaeological desk-based assessment for land to the north of 17, Far Street, Wymeswold, Leicestershire (SK 6049 2349)

MLE14607 PUMP TO REAR OF Grade II "HAMMER AND PINCERS" PUBLIC HOUSE, EAST STREET MLE14608 TUDOR THATCH, 2 EAST Grade II ROAD MLE14609 WYMESWOLD HALL, EAST Grade II STREET MLE14610 WYMESWOLD HOUSE, 9 - Grade II 11 FAR STREET (NORTH SIDE) MLE14611 THE MANOR HOUSE, FAR Grade II STREET (NORTH SIDE) MLE14612 FARM BUILDINGS TO THE Grade II MANOR HOUSE IMMEDIATELY WEST OF MANOR HOUSE, FAR STREET (NORTH SIDE) MLE14613 COLLEGE FARM, 21 FAR Grade II STREET (NORTH SIDE) MLE14614 25 FAR STREET (NORTH Grade II SIDE) MLE14615 33 FAR STREET (NORTH Grade II SIDE) MLE14616 THE THREE CROWNS Grade II PUBLIC HOUSE, FAR STREET (NORTH SIDE) MLE15178 3 EAST ROAD Grade II

© ULAS Report 2014-172 24

Contact Details

Richard Buckley or Patrick Clay University of Leicester Archaeological Services (ULAS) University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH

T: +44 (0)116 252 2848 F: +44 (0)116 252 2614 E: [email protected] W: www.le.ac.uk/ulas