Stora Enso Financial Report 2015 1 Worldreginfo - 0C88d649-7Bc9-4378-9909-C0c557e1eb6d Stora Enso in 2015 Stora Enso in 2015

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Stora Enso Financial Report 2015 1 Worldreginfo - 0C88d649-7Bc9-4378-9909-C0c557e1eb6d Stora Enso in 2015 Stora Enso in 2015 Financial Report Part of Stora Enso’s Annual Report 2015 WorldReginfo - 0c88d649-7bc9-4378-9909-c0c557e1eb6d Stora Enso’s Annual Report 2015 consists of four reports: Progress Book, Financial Report, Sustainability Report and Corporate Governance Report. All are available at storaenso.com/annualreport. Progress Book Progress Book Part of Stora Enso’s Annual Report 2015 – Sustainability Report part of Annual Report 2015 THE PROGRESS BOOK explains Stora Part of Stora Enso’s Annual Report 2015 THE SUSTAINABILITY REPORT Enso’s strategy, how we create value, and covers Stora Enso’s sustainability how our work is progressing. The publication performance, following the Global is available in English, Finnish and Swedish. Reporting Initiative G4 framework. Stora Enso Stora Financial Report Financial Corporate – part of Annual Report 2015 Report Governance Part of Stora Enso’s Annual Report 2015 THE FINANCIAL REPORT consists of Report THE CORPORATE Part of Stora Enso’s Annual Report 2015 Stora Enso in capital markets, a summary GOVERNANCE REPORT of our sustainability performance, and the covers Stora Enso’s corporate audited Report of the Board of Directors governance policy, practices, and financial statements. and actions in 2015. WorldReginfo - 0c88d649-7bc9-4378-9909-c0c557e1eb6d In this report: Contents This publication consists of both audited and unaudited contents. The audited parts include the Report of the Board of Stora Enso in 2015 2 Directors, financial statements, and notes. Stora Enso in capital markets 4 The unaudited parts – such as Stora Enso Sustainability summary 12 in 2015, Stora Enso in capital markets, and the Sustainability summary – are marked Report of the Board of Directors 26 with grey on the top corner of the page. Consolidated financial statements 44 The official audited Financial statements Notes to the Consolidated financial statements 50 (in Finnish) can be found on the company’s Note 1 Accounting principles 50 website: Note 2 Critical accounting estimates and judgements 59 storaenso.com/about/download-center Note 3 Segment information 61 Note 4 Acquisitions and disposals 67 Note 5 Other operating income and expense 69 Unaudited Note 6 Personnel expenses 70 Note 7 Board and executive remuneration 71 Note 8 Net financial items 75 Note 9 Income taxes 77 Note 10 Depreciation, amortisation and impairment charges 80 Note 11 Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment 83 Note 12 Biological assets 85 Note 13 Equity accounted investments 87 Note 14 Available-for-sale investments 92 Note 15 Other non-current assets 94 Note 16 Inventories 94 Note 17 Receivables 95 Note 18 Shareholders’ equity 97 Note 19 Non-controlling interests 98 Note 20 Post-employment benefits 100 Note 21 Employee variable compensation and equity incentive schemes 106 Note 22 Other provisions 108 Note 23 Operative liabilities 110 Note 24 Financial risk management 111 Note 25 Fair values 118 Note 26 Debt 121 Note 27 Derivatives 124 Note 28 Cumulative translation adjustment and equity hedging 129 Note 29 Commitments and contingencies 132 Note 30 Principal subsidiaries and joint operations 134 Note 31 Related party transactions 136 Note 32 Earnings per share and equity per share 137 Extract from the parent company Stora Enso Oyj financial statements 138 The Board of Directors’ Proposal for the distribution of dividend 140 Auditor’s report 141 Capacities by mill in 2016 142 Calculation of key figures 145 Information for shareholders 146 Stora Enso Financial Report 2015 1 WorldReginfo - 0c88d649-7bc9-4378-9909-c0c557e1eb6d Stora Enso in 2015 Stora Enso in 2015 Why to invest in Dividend proposal Stora Enso EUR Stora Enso is a leading provider of renewable solutions in packaging, biomaterials, wooden constructions and paper on 0.33 global markets. Our customers include publishers, retailers, The Board of Directors' dividend brand owners, print and board producers, printing houses, proposal for the year 2015 merchants, converters and joinery and construction companies. Stora Enso is transforming from a traditional paper and board producer to a global renewable materials growth company. Share price performance Key competitive differentiators are: and volumes • From asset transformation to sales transformation – customer focus Helsinki, Stora Enso R • More innovative use of raw material and new innovations Number of shares, million Share price (EUR) • Investments in growth markets and businesses 250 10 • Growth businesses: packaging, biomaterials and wood 200 8 products • Cash generating paper business 150 6 • Sustainability as integrated part of the business 100 4 50 2 Stora Enso divisions are Consumer Board, Packaging Solutions, 0 0 Biomaterials, Wood Products and Paper. In 2015, group sales 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 totalled EUR 10.0 billion and operational EBIT EUR 915 million. Volume Monthly average share price Stora Enso shares are listed on Nasdaq Helsinki Oy (STEAV, STERV) and Nasdaq Stockholm AB (STE A, STE R). In addition, the shares are traded in the USA as ADRs (SEOAY) in the International OTCQX over-the-counter market. Key figures 2015 2014 Change Target Sales, EUR million 10 040 10 213 -1.7% Operational EBITDA, EUR million 1 352 1 269 6.5% Operational EBIT, EUR million 915 810 13.0% Operational EBIT margin 9.1% 7.9% Operating profit (IFRS), EUR million 1 059 400 164.8% Net profit for the period, EUR million 783 90 n/m Net interest-bearing liabilities, EUR million 3 240 3 274 -1.0% Operational ROCE 10.6% 9.5% > 13% EPS (basic), EUR 1.02 0.13 Net debt/last 12 months’ operational EBITDA, ratio 2.4 2.6 < 3.0 Debt/equity ratio 0.60 0.65 < 0.8 Fixed costs to sales 25.0% 25.1% < 20% 2 Stora Enso Financial Report 2015 WorldReginfo - 0c88d649-7bc9-4378-9909-c0c557e1eb6d Stora Enso in 2015 Divisions in brief Sales 2015 Consumer Board division Consumer Board division develops and provides Operational ROOC (2015) consumer packaging boards for printing and packaging applications. A wide board and barrier coating selection is suitable for design and optimisation of packaging for liquid, food, pharmaceutical and luxury goods. We serve 15.5% brand owners globally and are expanding in growth (Target: > 20%) markets such as China and Asia Pacific to meet rising demand. Packaging Solutions division Packaging Solutions division develops fibre-based Operational ROOC (2015) packaging, and operates at every stage of the value chain from pulp production, material and packaging production to recycling. Our solutions serve leading Consumer Board 23% converters, brand owners and retailer customers helping 11.1% Packaging Solutions 9% to optimise performance, reduce total costs and enhance (Target: > 20%) Biomaterials 15% sales. Wood Products 16% Paper 36% Biomaterials division Other and elimination of inter-segment sales 1% Biomaterials division offers a variety of pulp grades to Operational ROOC (2015) meet the demands of paper, board, tissue, textile and hygiene product producers. We also develop new ways to maximise the value extractable from wood, as well as other kinds of lignocellulosic biomasses. Sugars and 12.4% lignin hold potential for use in applications in the (Target: > 15%) Operational specialty chemical, construction, personal care and food industries. We have a global presence with operations in EBIT 2015 Brazil, Finland, Laos, Sweden, Uruguay and the USA. Wood Products division Wood Products division provides versatile wood-based Operational ROOC (2015) solutions for building and housing. Our product range covers all areas of urban construction including massive wood elements and housing modules, wood components and pellets. We also offer a variety of sawn 15.7% timber goods. Our customers are mainly construction (Target: > 18%) and joinery companies, merchandisers and retailers. Wood Products operates globally and has more than 20 production units in Europe. Paper division Paper division provides best-in-class paper solutions for Cash flow after investing Consumer Board 32% print media and office use. The wide selection covers activities to sales (2015) Packaging Solutions 10% papers made from recycled and fresh wood fibre. Our Biomaterials 34% main customer groups include publishers, retailers, Wood Products 9% printing houses, merchants, converters and office Paper 8% suppliers. Our mills are located predominantly in Europe, 5.5% as well as in China. Three of the mills produce paper (Target: > 7%) Other 7% based on 100%-recycled fibre. Stora Enso Financial Report 2015 3 WorldReginfo - 0c88d649-7bc9-4378-9909-c0c557e1eb6d Stora Enso in capital markets Stora Enso in capital markets Shares and shareholders American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) Stora Enso has a sponsored Level I American Depositary Receipts Shares and voting rights (ADR) facility. Stora Enso’s ADRs are traded on the International The shares of Stora Enso Oyj (hereafter the “Company” or “Stora OTCQX. The ratio between Stora Enso ADRs and R shares is 1:1, Enso”) are divided into A and R shares, which entitle holders to the i.e. one ADR represents one Stora Enso R share. Following the same dividend but different voting rights. Each A share and each ten change of the depositary bank in November 2015, Citibank, N.A. R shares carry one vote at a shareholders’ meeting. However, each acts as the depositary bank for the Stora Enso ADR programme. shareholder has at least one vote. The trading symbol is SEOAY and the CUSIP number is 86210M106. On 31 December 2015, Stora Enso had 176 532 090 A shares and Share registers 612 087 897 R shares in issue, of which the Company held no The Company’s shares are entered in the Book-Entry Securities A shares or R shares. The total number of Stora Enso shares in issue System maintained by Euroclear Finland Oy, which also maintains was 788 619 987 and the total number of votes was 237 740 879. the official share register of Stora Enso Oyj. Share listings On 31 December 2015, 155 853 506 of the Company’s shares Stora Enso shares are listed on the Nasdaq Helsinki and the Nasdaq were registered in Euroclear Sweden AB and 18 016 064 of the Stockholm.
Recommended publications
  • Proposed Members to the Board of Directors 130.83 KB
    Nominated current members of the Board of Directors Håkan Buskhe Member of Stora Enso’s Board of Directors since June 2020. Independent of the company but not of its significant shareholders due to his position as CEO of FAM AB. Håkan Buskhe, M.Sc. Eng., Licentiate of Engineering, born 1963, Swedish citizen. Chair of the Board of Directors of IPCO AB. Member of the Board of AB SKF, Munters Group and Kopparfors Skogar. CEO of FAM AB. CEO and President of SAAB AB (2010–2019) and E.ON Nordic (2008– 2010). Previous working experience further includes executive positions in E.ON Sweden (2006– 2008), acting as CEO of the logistics company Schenker North (2001–2006) as well as several positions in Storel AB (1998–2001), Carlsberg A/S (1994–1998) and Scansped AB (1988–1994). Buskhe has further held positions as Board member in several venture capital companies. Owns 2 781 R shares in Stora Enso. Elisabeth Fleuriot Member of Stora Enso’s Board of Directors since April 2013. Independent of the company and the significant shareholders. Born 1956. M.Sc. (Econ.). Board member and Chair of CSR Committee at G4S. Chair of the Board of Ynsect and Foundation Caritas. President and CEO of Thai Union Europe Africa 2013–2017. Senior Vice President, Emerging Markets and Regional Vice President, France, Benelux, Russia and Turkey, in Kellogg Company 2001–2013. General Manager, Europe, in Yoplait, Sodiaal Group 1998–2001. Several management positions in Danone Group 1979–1997. Owns 26 512 R shares in Stora Enso. Hock Goh Member of Stora Enso’s Board of Directors since April 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • India Weekly Newsletter]
    India October 10 Weekly Newsletter 2011 This document covers news related to India with a special focus on areas like mergers & acquisitions, private equity & venture capital. Volume 105, October 10th, 2011 For the period October 3, 2011 to October 9, 2011 October 10, 2011 [INDIA WEEKLY NEWSLETTER] Highlights Gujarat NRE Coke May Acquire Sick Steel Maker - Shah Alloys…(3) Dainik Bhaskar Acquires 2.7% Stake in EdServ…(4) Content Pages Sahara Group Acquires EnSearch Mergers & Acquisitions News 3-4 Petroleum…(5) Mergers & Acquisitions Deals 4-9 Hitachi Buys Majority Stake In Hi-Rel Electronics…(6) Private Equity News 9-10 Carlyle Group Acquires 9% Stake In India Infoline…(7) Private Equity Deals 10-12 Red Hat Acquires Nexus Ventures-backed Venture Capital News 12-12 Gluster For $136 mn…(7) Venture Capital Deals 12-13 Nomura Research Acquires 25.1% In Delhi- based Market Xcel Data…(8) Pantaloon Retail To Raise Rs 1500 cr…(9) Loylty Rewardz Raises $4.4 mn From Canaan Partners…(10) CLSA Capital Invests $21.8 mn In Resonance Eduventures…(11) KKR’s NBFC Invests In Coffee Day Group’s Way2Wealth…(12) Nexus, Lightspeed Invest In Handicraft Portal- Craftsvilla.com…(13) Confidential LKP Securities Limited 2 October 10, 2011 [INDIA WEEKLY NEWSLETTER] Mergers & Acquisitions News Gujarat NRE Coke May Acquire Sick Steel Maker - Shah Alloys Gujarat NRE Coke has evinced interest in acquiring sick steel maker Shah Alloys Limited. Gujarat NRE Coke holds 4.9% stake in Shah Alloys. It also holds 3.22% stake in Shah Alloys’ group company, SAL Steel, a marginally profit-making company.
    [Show full text]
  • Stora Enso Annual Report 2000 [email protected] Stora Enso International Office 9, South Street • London W1K 2XA • U.K
    “Stora Enso is the customers’ first choice” ANNUAL REPORT 2000 Contents Year 2000 in brief ............................................................1 Report on operations .....................................................47 Company presentation ....................................................2 Consolidated income statements ...................................51 Mission, vision and values................................................4 Consolidated balance sheets..........................................52 Strategy...........................................................................5 Equity reconciliation ......................................................53 Letter to shareholders ......................................................6 Consolidated cash flow statements ................................54 Shares and shareholders ..................................................8 Notes to the consolidated financial statements ..............56 Financial review .............................................................14 Parent company income statements ..............................89 Magazine paper.............................................................26 Parent company cash flow statements ...........................90 Newsprint......................................................................28 Parent company balance sheets.....................................91 Fine paper .....................................................................30 Parent company notes...................................................92
    [Show full text]
  • Financing of Stora Enso
    The financing of Stora Enso A research paper prepared for Friends of the Earth Europe and Friends of the Earth International The financing of Stora Enso A research paper prepared for Friends of the Earth Europe and Friends of the Earth International Final Draft: 6 May 2010 Jan Willem van Gelder Anna van Ojik Profundo Radarweg 60 1043 NT Amsterdam The Netherlands Tel: +31-20-820 83 20 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.profundo.nl Contents Summary ....................................................................................................................... i Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 1 The financing of Stora Enso ..................................................................... 2 1.1 Short company profile .................................................................................... 2 1.2 Financial structure .......................................................................................... 2 1.3 Shareholders ................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Bondholders .................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Bank loans ....................................................................................................... 4 1.6 Investment banking services ......................................................................... 5 1.7 Other forms of financing ...............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Stora Enso 2013
    Financial Report Stora Enso 2013 Stora Enso in Brief Contents Stora Enso is the global rethinker of the paper, biomaterials, wood products and packaging industry. We always rethink the Stora Enso in Capital Markets 2 old and expand to the new to offer our customers innovative Debt Investors 9 solutions based on renewable materials. Corporate Governance in Stora Enso 10 Board of Directors 18 The Group has some 28 000 employees in more than 35 Group Leadership Team 20 countries worldwide, and is a publicly traded company listed Report of the Board of Directors 22 in Helsinki and Stockholm. Our customers include publishers, Consolidated Financial Statements 38 printing houses and paper merchants, as well as the packaging, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 44 joinery and construction industries. Note 1 Accounting Principles 44 Note 2 Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgements 53 Our annual production capacity is 5.4 million tonnes of Note 3 Segment Information 55 chemical pulp, 11.7 million tonnes of paper and board, 1.3 Note 4 Acquisitions and Disposals 61 billion square metres of corrugated packaging and 5.6 million Note 5 Other Operating Income and Expense 62 cubic metres of sawn wood products, including 2.9 million Note 6 Staff Costs 63 cubic metres of value-added products. Our sales in 2013 were Note 7 Board and Executive Remuneration 64 EUR 10.5 billion, with an operational EBIT of EUR 578 million. Note 8 Net Financial Items 68 Note 9 Income Taxes 70 Stora Enso uses and develops its expertise in renewable Note 10 Valuation Allowances 72 materials to meet the needs of its customers and many of Note 11 Depreciation and Intangible Assets and Property, today’s global raw material challenges.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pulp Invasion: the International Pulp and Paper Industry in the Mekong Region by Chris Lang
    The Pulp Invasion: The international pulp and paper industry in the Mekong Region by Chris Lang World Rainforest Movement Cover design: Flavio Pazos Copyright ©: World Rainforest Movement International Secretariat Maldonado 1858, Montevideo, Uruguay Tel: +598 2 413 2989, Fax: +598 2 418 0762 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.wrm.org.uy Northern office 1c Fosseway Business Centre, Stratford Road, Moreton-in-Marsh, GL56 9NQ, United Kingdom Tel: +44.1608.652.893, Fax: +44.1608.652.878 E-mail: [email protected] The contents of this publication can be reproduced totally or partially without prior authorization. However, the World Rainforest Movement should be duly accredited and notified of any reproduction. Published in December 2002 ISBN: 9974 - 7608 - 8 - 7 This publication was made possible with financial support from NOVIB (The Netherlands) and with guidance from TERRA (Towards Ecological Recovery and Regional Alliance - Thailand) The Pulp Invasion: The international pulp and paper industry in the Mekong Region Contents: About this publication 5 Introduction 5 CAMBODIA – Land-grabs, logging and plantations 12 1. The land law and the forestry law Land Law Forestry Law 2. Rubber and oil palm plantations 3. A history of fast-growing tree plantations in Cambodia 4. The Pheapimex concession References LAOS – Subsidies to a struggling plantation industry 24 1. Overview of the situation today 2. International support to the industry Asian Development Bank JICA – Forest Conservation and Afforestation Project Sida – Lao-Swedish Forestry Programme 3. Companies BGA Lao Plantation Forestry Asia Tech Burapha Brierley References THAILAND – The fast-growing pulp and paper industry 42 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2019-20 What’S Where…
    ACCELERATING INNOVATION HFCL LIMITED ANNUAL REPORT 2019-20 What’s Where… Corporate Overview Accelerating innovation 02 We are HFCL 04 Financial highlights 08 Letter from the Managing Director 10 Innovate for a connected, secure world... 12 Management Reports Management Discussion and Analysis 16 Directors’ Report 34 Corporate Governance Report 67 Business Responsibility Report 86 Financial Statements Independent Auditors’ Report on Standalone Accounts 94 Standalone Accounts 102 Independent Auditors’ Report on Consolidated Accounts 144 Consolidated Accounts 150 Notice of the AGM 193 Forward-Looking Statements: Certain statements in this Annual Report relating to the Company’s future growth prospects are forward-looking statements, which involve several risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in such forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Our Value Proposition Robust foundations n Rich legacy of over three decades in enabling telecom revolution in India n Five state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities n Diverse offerings of products and solutions across communication, defence, railway and surveillance n Enviable global clientele from across governments and private sectors Integrated business model n Wide coverage of telecom value chain – equipment, optical fiber, optical fiber cable, passive interconnect solutions, network project execution on a turnkey basis,
    [Show full text]
  • Governance Governance Covers Part of Stora Enso’S Annual Report 2018 Stora Enso’S Governance Policy, Practices, and Actions As Well As Our Remuneration Statement
    Strategy Annual Report 2018 Governance Governance covers Part of Stora Enso’s Annual Report 2018 Stora Enso’s governance policy, practices, and actions as well as our remuneration statement. Sustainability Financials Governance Strategy Annual Report 2018 Contents Corporate Governance in Stora Enso 2018 ......................................2 Shareholders’ meetings .........................................................................2 Board of Directors (Board) .....................................................................3 Sustainability Board committees ..................................................................................7 Management of the Company ...............................................................8 Internal control and risk management related to financial reporting ................................................................10 Remuneration Statement ................................................................. 11 Decision-making procedure ................................................................ 11 Main principles of remuneration .......................................................... 11 Remuneration Report 2018 ..................................................................13 Members of the Board of Directors .................................................15 Members of the Group Leadership Team ....................................... 17 Appendix 1 ...........................................................................................20 Financials Governance 2 Stora Enso
    [Show full text]
  • Stora Enso Annual Report 2003
    Company InFocus DIVIDEND AND AGM INFORMATION CONTACTS Payment of dividend Kari Vainio The Board of Directors proposes to the Annual General Executive Vice President, Corporate Communications Meeting (AGM) that a dividend of EUR 0.45 per share Tel. +44 20 7016 3140 be paid for the fiscal year ending 31 December 2003. Fax +44 20 7016 3208 Dividends payable on VPC registered shares will Postal address: Stora Enso International Office, be forwarded by VPC and paid in Swedish krona. 9 South Street, London W1K 2XA, UK Dividends payable to ADR-holders will be forwarded [email protected] by Deutshe Bank Trust Company Americas and paid in US dollars. For more details, see Information for Keith B Russell Shareholders on page 52. Senior Vice President, Investor Relations Tel. +44 20 7016 3146 Dividend Policy Fax +44 20 7016 3208 Strive to pay stable dividends linked to Postal address: Stora Enso International Office, the long-term performance 9 South Street, London W1K 2XA, UK One half of net profits over a business cycle [email protected] Annual General Meeting Ulla Paajanen-Sainio The AGM of Stora Enso Oyj will be held at 16.00 Vice President, Investor Relations and Financial Communications (Finnish time) on Thursday, 18 March 2004 at the Tel. +358 2046 21242 Finlandia Hall, Mannerheimintie 13 e, Helsinki, Finland. Fax +358 2046 21307 Postal address: Stora Enso Oyj, P.O. Box 309, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland [email protected] Cover picture Scott A. Deitz Vice President, Investor Relations, North America View of a cylinder in the dryer section Tel.
    [Show full text]
  • Stora Enso Half Year Financial Report January–June 2021 Q2 Results Summary
    Stora Enso Half year financial report January–June 2021 Q2 Results summary Strong performance and solid growth continue Q2/2021 (compared with Q2/2020) Strategy implementation update • Sales increased by 22.6% to EUR 2 592 (2 114) • The ramp-up of kraftliner production line at Oulu is million, due to higher deliveries and prices. Sales proceeding ahead of schedule. excluding Paper increased by 28.4%. • Stora Enso and Tetra Pak partner to provide circular • Operational EBIT increased to EUR 364 (178) million, solutions to the market to significantly improve due to higher prices and volumes, especially in recycling of beverage cartons in Central and Eastern Biomaterials, Wood Products, and Packaging Europe. Materials. Operational EBIT excluding Paper • The feasibility study regarding a possible expansion of increased to EUR 413 (216) million. the pulp and board production at Skoghall is expected • Operational EBIT margin increased to 14.0% (8.4%). to be finalised by the end of 2021. Excluding Paper, the operational EBIT margin was • Dispersion barrier coating started at the Forshaga site, 19.1% (12.9%). and commercial customer qualifications are ongoing. • Items affecting comparability (IAC) amounted to EUR • The pilot plant for carbon for energy storage at Sunila -171 (-7) million, mainly related to restructuring costs started up during the quarter as planned, and in the Paper division. production of Lignode® by Stora Enso is ramping up. • Operating profit (IFRS) decreased to EUR 182 (226) • The co-determination negotiations concerning closing million. down the pulp and paper production at the Veitsiluoto • EPS was EUR 0.26 (0.19) and EPS excl.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pulp Invasion – Thailand
    CHRISLANG.ORG Join the transformation C The Pulp Invasion – Thailand By Chris Lang, published by WRM, December 2002. Back to contents (https://chrislang.org/2002/12/01/the-pulp-invasion-the-international-pulp-and- paper-industry-in-the-mekong-region/) THAILAND: The fast-growing pulp and paper industry This report looks at the expansion of the pulp and paper industry in Thailand. It starts with an overview of the industry today. Rather than providing a reliable source of paper needed by the people of Thailand, however, the industry today is dependent on imports, exports and lavish subsidies from the government and international “aid” agencies. The Thai government has actively supported the development of the industry, through subsidies, pro- cash crop and plantation policies, tax relief and favourable import duties on machinery imports. The second section looks at some of the government support, and includes a brief introduction to some of the background political situation in the country during the early 1990s. The third section looks at some of the international support to the industry in Thailand, largely through multilateral and bilateral “aid”. The fourth section looks at some of the Thai companies involved in the pulp and paper sector. While they have made profits, they have also run up enormous debts. This, accompanied by the economic crisis in 1997, has opened the door for international companies to buy up shares in Thai companies. Some of these companies are also profiled in this section, along with international consultants who provide advice and legitimacy for the industry. Associated with the expansion of the pulp and paper industry, the area of fast-growing tree plantations has also expanded, often with disastrous impacts for many local communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Planting Trees in the Land of a Million Elephants
    Planting trees in the land of a million elephants A comparative case study of entry strategies in the Laotian forestry sector Written by: Fredrik Fogde & Henrik Dam Copenhagen Business School, May 2012 MSc. Business, Language and Culture: Business and Development Studies Supervisor: Michael Wendelbo Hansen STU count: 269, 554 ! ! ! Executive Summary The recent emergence of emerging market multinationals (EM-MNCs) and their road to internationalization is one of the main topics in contemporary International Business (IB) literature (Khanna and Palepu, 1997, 2004; Nachum, 2004; Ramamurti, 2004, 2008; Khanna et al., 2005; Luo and Tung, 2007; Peng et al., 2009)). As globalization continues to erode borders, both WMNCs and EM-MNCs are increasingly looking to emerging economies to consolidate resources in order to supply growing demand. An increasing amount of IB literature has in recent years been devoted to examining if EM-MNCs posit distinctive resources and capabilities that make them more adept at operating in emerging economies. This thesis aims at contributing to the above discussion within the context of the Laotian Forestry Sector (LFS), specifically the plantation sector aimed at producing different forms of pulp. This setting was interesting and worthwhile to study as it saw a rapid influx of both WMNCs and EM- MNCs in early 2000s, all of whom had to navigate in one of the poorest countries in the world, with several market imperfections and structural weaknesses. The aim of this thesis was thus to conduct a comparative case study of three carefully chosen case companies, namely Aditya Birla, Stora Enso and Oji Pulp and Paper in order to shed light on the discussion currently ongoing within the IB literature.
    [Show full text]