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Catch Composition, Abundance and Length- Weight Relationships of Groupers (Pisces: Serranidae) from Inshore Waters of Kenya

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Catch Composition, Abundance and Length- Weight Relationships of Groupers (Pisces: Serranidae) from Inshore Waters of Kenya Western Indian Ocean J. Mar. Sci. Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 91 - 102, 2010 © 2010 WIOMSA Catch Composition, Abundance and Length- Weight Relationships of Groupers (Pisces: Serranidae) from Inshore Waters of Kenya Simon Agembe1, 3, Chrisestom M. Mlewa2 and Boaz Kaunda-Arara3 1Kenya Marine & Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa, Kenya; 2School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Pwani University College, P.O. Box 195, Kilifi, Kenya;3 Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Moi University, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya. Keywords: Groupers, Serranidae, catch composition, abundance, length-weight relationship. Abstract—Groupers (family Serranidae) support important artisanal fisheries in most of the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region. However, despite their economic and ecological importance, they are poorly studied in the region. This study describes, for the first time, the species composition, abundance and length-weight relationship of groupers from Kenya’s inshore artisanal fisheries. Data were obtained from landings by artisanal fishers on the south coast of Kenya from February to July 2007. A total of 37 species belonging to six genera, viz. Anyperodon, Cephalopholis, Dermatolepis, Epinephelus, Plectropomus and Variola, were landed by fishers. The genus Epinephelus was the most speciose in the landings, with 20 species. Significantly higher numbers of groupers were landed during the southeast monsoon (n = 616) compared to the northeast monsoon (n = 184) season (χ2 = 125.812, df = 1, p <0.001). Of the three sites studied, more species were recorded at Shimoni (n = 36) compared to the Msambweni and Vanga sites (14 and 8 species, respectively). Length-weight relationships derived for 15 species indicated that most groupers exhibited isometric growth. This work provides baseline data on the composition, distribution and abundance of grouper species in Kenya useful for comparison with the rest of the WIO region. Corresponding Author: SA E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 92 S. AGEMBE ET AL. INTRODUCTION Management of groupers must be based on scientific information if The family Serranidae contains about populations are to be maintained at 500 species in more than 60 genera, commercially viable levels (Rhodes including sea basses and groupers of the & Sadovy, 2002). However, bio- subfamily Epinephelinae (Smith, 1965; ecological data on these important Heemstra & Randall, 1993). Groupers fishes is scarce in the WIO region. In are the target of valuable fisheries in the Kenya, data on exploited groupers are Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region restricted to descriptive information (Nzioka, 1979; Kaunda-Arara, 1997; on a few species (Nzioka, 1979), Jiddawi & Stanley, 1999). In addition movement studies on the greasy to their importance to local economies, grouper, Epinephelus tauvina groupers are apex predators thought (Kaunda-Arara & Rose, 2004), to play important roles in ecosystem and preliminary investigations function (Huntsman et al., 1999; Dulvy on their spawning aggregations et al., 2004; Campbell & Perdede, (Samoilys et al., 2006). Data on 2006). Loss or reduction of these species composition and abundance species from coral reefs can therefore are important in evaluating spatial adversely affect local biodiversity effects of fishing effort (Jennings and ecosystem stability (Dulvy et al., & Polunin, 1996), determining 2004). Despite their ecological and recruitment variability (Caley et al., economic importance, there is concern 1996) and for trend analysis, while that many groupers are already being length-weight parameters are useful overfished (Sadovy, 1994; Luckhurst, inputs in length-structured models for 1996) and some grouper species are stock assessment (Pauly, 1984). The listed as threatened or endangered by objective of this study was therefore to IUCN (http://www.redlist.org). Many build on the limited grouper database grouper species are long-lived, slow by providing information on species to mature, sedentary (Sadovy, 1996), composition, abundance and length- and form spawning aggregations weight relationships of groupers from that are predictable in time and space Kenya’s artisanal fisheries. (Domeier & Colin, 1997). These factors make them highly vulnerable to MATERIAL AND METHODS overfishing. In Kenya, grouper catches Study sites have declined by about 80% in the last decades (Kaunda-Arara et al., 2003). The study was undertaken at three The extent to which these declines are fisheries landing beaches (Msambweni, attributable to species-specific fishing Shimoni and Vanga) on the southern vulnerability and/or environmental coast of Kenya (Fig. 1). These landing factors remains unknown. beaches were chosen because they CATCH COMPOSITION, ABUNDANCE AND LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS OF GROUPERS 93 Figure 1: Map of south coast of Kenya showing the fish landing sites (Msambweni, Shimoni and Vanga) monitored in the study. are some of the most active, with Data collection high artisanal fisheries landings for Fisher catches were sampled at the three the Kenyan coast. Landings from the beaches for ~10 days/beach/month study sites were therefore considered during the northeast monsoon (February, more representative and likely to March, April) and the southeast capture the variability in grouper monsoon (May, June, July) months in composition on the Kenyan coast. 2007. Groupers were separated from the Fishing activities off these landing catches and identified to species level beaches are concentrated within using keys from Heemstra & Randall nearshore reef lagoons as fishermen 1993 and Smith & Heemstra, 1986. infrequently venture beyond the outer Total length (to the nearest 0.1 cm) reef because of the low power of their and weight (to the nearest gram) were fishing craft. 94 S. AGEMBE ET AL. measured for each fish, using a top- and Vanga sites yielded 14 and 8 loading Salter digital balance for small species, respectively. At Shimoni, fish (<2.0 kg) or on a hanging Salter grouper species landed belonged to 6 scale (100 kg in 100 g increments) for genera; Anyperodon, Cephalopholis, bigger individuals. Dermatolepis, Epinephelus, Plectropomus and Variola (Table 1). Data analysis The genus Epinephelus was the most Percentage abundance was used to speciose in the samples, with 20 species, determine the numerical dominance of while the genera Cephalopholis, species at each of the sites. The non- Plectropomus, Dermatolepis and parametric Chi-square test was used Variola were represented by 7, 4, 2 and to test for differences in numerical 2 species, respectively, and Anyperodon abundance of species between the by only one species (Table 1). The northeast monsoon (NEM) and number of individuals landed at sites southeast (SEM) seasons. Length- varied considerably in some species, weight relationships were determined for example, it ranged from 1 to 124 in using the equation: Log10 W = log10 a Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus. Only + b log10 TL, where W is body weight, three species, Cephalopholis boenak, TL is total length, a is the intercept, E. caeruleopunctatus and E. fasciatus, and b is the slope of the regression had more than 100 individuals landed line (Wootton, 1990). This relationship at all the sites (Table 1). was estimated for fifteen species for In Shimoni, the white- which there were data for 15 or more spotted grouper, Epinephelus specimens. The slope of the length- caeruleopunctatus, was numerically weight relationship for each species was the most abundant (15.6%) in the catch tested for significant difference from the followed by Cephalopholis boenak isometric growth value of 3.0 (Ricker, (13%) and E. fasciatus (12.9%) (Fig. 1975) using a one tailed t-test. Seasonal 2a). Some species, such as E. areolatus, abundance of groupers was analysed E. spilotoceps, Plectropomus punctatus, for Shimoni, which had highest and P. laevis, E. hexagonatus, P. maculatus, most diverse landings of groupers. All E. tukula, Dermatolepis striolata, D. statistical tests followed Zar (1996). dermatolepis, E. melanostigma, and C. taeniops comprised <1% of the catches. RESULTS In Vanga, the commonly landed Species catch composition species were the white-spotted grouper, Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus, the Thirty seven species of groupers were malabar grouper, E. malabaricus, landed at the three beaches. Shimoni and the chocolate hind, C. boenak, landings were the most diverse each of which comprised over 20% of with 36 species, while Msambweni the grouper landings (Fig. 2b). Four CATCH COMPOSITION, ABUNDANCE AND LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS OF GROUPERS 95 Table 1: A comparison of numerical abundance of grouper species landed during the northeast (NEM) and southeast (SEM) monsoon seasons at Shimoni site. N = numbers landed, χ2 is chi-square statistic, p is probability of significance of the dif- ference at α = 0.05. Species SEM NEM N χ2 p-value Anyperodon leucogrammicus 5 3 8 0.254 0.614 Cephalopholis argus 13 15 28 0.072 0.789 Cephalopholis boenak 100 4 104 56.30 0.000 Cephalopholis leopardus 3 3 6 0.000 1.000 Cephalopholis miniata 10 5 15 0.883 0.347 Cephalopholis sonnerati 18 0 18 12.00 0.001 Cephalopholis taeniops 1 2 3 0.194 0.659 Cephalopholis urodeta 59 0 59 39.44 0.000 Dermatolepis dermatolepis 1 0 1 0.750 - Dermatolepis striolata 2 1 3 0.194 0.659 Epinephelus acanthistus 0 1 1 0.750 - Epinephelus areolatus 7 0 7 4.773 0.029 Epinephelus bentoides 2 0 2 1.333 - Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus 95 29 124 18.90 0.000 Epinephelus coioides 55 19 74 9.307 0.002 Epinephelus fasciatus 92 12 102 36.11 0.000 Epinephelus
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