Radiation Protection and Safety in Medical Uses of Ionizing Radiation Jointly Sponsored By
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Regulatory Actions in Radiotherapy
August 10, 2017 CONSIDERATIONS ON POTENTIAL REGULATORY ACTIONS FOR RADIATION PROTECTION IN RADIOTHERAPY: MONITORING UNWANTED RADIATION EXPOSURE IN RADIOTHERAPY A proposal for further discussion drafted by Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear of Argentina and the Secretariat of the International Atomic Energy Agency (Product from the Practical Arrangements between the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear of Argentina on cooperation in the area of radiation safety and monitoring) Interim Document I. INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND (1) On September 18, 2015, the Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear (ARN) 1 of Argentina and the Secretariat of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)2, hereinafter termed ‘the Parties’, agreed on ‘Practical Arrangements’ setting forth the framework for non-exclusive cooperation between the Parties in the area of radiation safety and monitoring. The agreement was reconfirmed and partially enhanced during ceremony presided by the Chairman of ARN, Néstor Masriera, and the Deputy Director General of the IAEA, Juan Carlos Lentijo, with the presence of the Argentine Ambassador, Rafael Mariano Grossi, in the framework of the 60th Annual Regular Session of the IAEA General Conference, in Vienna, on September 30, 2016. (2) The Practical Arrangements identify activities in which cooperation between the Parties may be pursued subject to their respective mandates, governing regulations, rules, policies and procedures. A relevant activity agreed to be pursued is the ‘development of regulatory guidance -
Institute for Clinical and Economic Review
INSTITUTE FOR CLINICAL AND ECONOMIC REVIEW FINAL APPRAISAL DOCUMENT BRACHYTHERAPY & PROTON BEAM THERAPY FOR TREATMENT OF CLINICALLY-LOCALIZED, LOW-RISK PROSTATE CANCER December 22, 2008 Senior Staff Daniel A. Ollendorf, MPH, ARM Chief Review Officer Julia Hayes, MD Lead Decision Scientist Pamela McMahon, PhD Sr. Decision Scientist Steven D. Pearson, MD, MSc President, ICER Associate Staff Michelle Kuba, MPH Sr. Technology Analyst Angela Tramontano, MPH Research Assistant © ICER, 2008 1 CONTENTS About ICER .................................................................................................................................. 3 Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................... 4 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 5 Evidence Review Group Deliberation.................................................................................. 15 ICER Integrated Evidence Rating.......................................................................................... 21 Evidence Review Group Members........................................................................................ 24 Appraisal Overview.................................................................................................................. 28 Background ............................................................................................................................... -
Personal Radiation Monitoring
Personal Radiation Monitoring Tim Finney 2020 Radiation monitoring Curtin staff and students who work with x-ray machines, neutron generators, or radioactive substances are monitored for exposure to ionising radiation. The objective of radiation monitoring is to ensure that existing safety procedures keep radiation exposure As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA). Personal radiation monitoring badges Radiation exposure is measured using personal radiation monitoring badges. Badges contain a substance that registers how much radiation has been received. Here is the process by which a user’s radiation dose is measured: 1. The user is given a badge to wear 2. The user wears the badge for a set time period (usually three months) 3. At the end of the set time, the user returns the badge 4. The badge is sent away to be read 5. A dose report is issued. These steps are repeated until monitoring is no longer required. Badges are supplied by a personal radiation monitoring service provider. Curtin uses a service provider named Landauer. In addition to user badges, the service provider sends control badges that are kept on site in a safe place away from radiation sources. The service provider reads each badge using a process that extracts a signal from the substance contained in the badge to obtain a dose measurement. (Optically stimulated luminescence is one such process.) The dose received by the control badge is subtracted from the user badge reading to obtain the user dose during the monitoring period. Version 1.0 Uncontrolled document when printed Health and Safety Page 1 of 7 A personal radiation monitoring badge Important Radiation monitoring badges do not protect you from radiation exposure. -
小型飛翔体／海外 ［Format 2］ Technical Catalog Category
小型飛翔体／海外 ［Format 2］ Technical Catalog Category Airborne contamination sensor Title Depth Evaluation of Entrained Products (DEEP) Proposed by Create Technologies Ltd & Costain Group PLC １．DEEP is a sensor analysis software for analysing contamination. DEEP can distinguish between surface contamination and internal / absorbed contamination. The software measures contamination depth by analysing distortions in the gamma spectrum. The method can be applied to data gathered using any spectrometer. Because DEEP provides a means of discriminating surface contamination from other radiation sources, DEEP can be used to provide an estimate of surface contamination without physical sampling. DEEP is a real-time method which enables the user to generate a large number of rapid contamination assessments- this data is complementary to physical samples, providing a sound basis for extrapolation from point samples. It also helps identify anomalies enabling targeted sampling startegies. DEEP is compatible with small airborne spectrometer/ processor combinations, such as that proposed by the ARM-U project – please refer to the ARM-U proposal for more details of the air vehicle. Figure 1: DEEP system core components are small, light, low power and can be integrated via USB, serial or Ethernet interfaces. 小型飛翔体／海外 Figure 2: DEEP prototype software ２．Past experience (plants in Japan, overseas plant, applications in other industries, etc) Create technologies is a specialist R&D firm with a focus on imaging and sensing in the nuclear industry. Createc has developed and delivered several novel nuclear technologies, including the N-Visage gamma camera system. Costainis a leading UK construction and civil engineering firm with almost 150 years of history. -
Radiation Protection Guidance for Diagnostic X Rays
Disclaimer - For assistance accessing this document or additional information, please contact [email protected]. EPA 520/4-76-019 FEDERAL GUIDANCE REPORT NO. 9 RADIATION PROTECTION GUIDANCE FOR DIAGNOSTIC X RAYS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP ON MEDICAL RADIATION FEDERAL GUIDANCE REPORT NO. 9 RADIATION PROTECTION GUIDANCE FOR DIAGNOSTIC X RAYS Interagency Working Group on Medical Radiation U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, D.C. 20460 October 1976 PREFACE The authority of the Federal Radiation Council to provide radiation protection guidance was transferred to the Environmental Protection Agency on December 2, 1970, by Reorganization Plan No. 3. Prior to this transfer, the Federal Radiation Council developed reports which provided the basis for guidance recommended to the President for use by Federal agencies in developing standards for a wide range of radiation exposure circumstances. This report, which was prepared in cooperation with an Interagency Working Group on Medical Radiation formed on July 5, 1974, constitutes a similar objective to provide the basis for recommendations to reduce unnecessary radiation exposure due to medical uses of diagnostic x rays. The Interagency Working Group developed its recommendations with the help of two subcommittees. The Subcommittee on Prescription of Exposure to X rays examined factors to eliminate clinically unproductive examinations and the Subcommittee on Technic of Exposure Prevention examined factors to assure the use of optimal technic in performing x-ray examinations. Both subcommittees also considered the importance of appropriate and properly functioning equipment in producing radiographs of the required diagnostic quality with minimal exposure. Reports by these subcommittees were made available for public comment. -
Submission to the Nuclear Power Debate Personal Details Kept Confidential
Submission to the Nuclear power debate Personal details kept confidential __________________________________________________________________________________________ Firstly I wish to say I have very little experience in nuclear energy but am well versed in the renewable energy one. What we need is a sound rational debate on the future energy requirements of Australia. The calls for cessation of nuclear investigations even before a debate begins clearly shows that emotion rather than facts are playing a part in trying to stop the debate. Future energy needs must be compliant to a sound strategy of consistent, persistent energy supply. This cannot come from wind or solar. Lets say for example a large blocking high pressure weather system sits over the Victorian, NSW land masses in late summer- autumn season. We will see low winds for anything up to a week, can the energy market from the other states support the energy needs of these states without coal or gas? I think not. France has a large investment in nuclear energy and charges their citizens around half as much for it than Germany. Sceptics complain about the costs of storage of waste, they do not suggest what is going to happen to all the costs to the environment when renewing of derelict solar panels and wind turbine infrastructure which is already reaching its use by dates. Sceptics also talk about the dangers of nuclear energy using Chernobyl, Three Mile Island and Fuklushima as examples. My goodness given that same rationale then we should have banned flight after the first plane accident or cars after the first car accident. -
Radiation Risk in Perspective
PS010-1 RADIATION RISK IN PERSPECTIVE POSITION STATEMENT OF THE HEALTH HEALTH PHYSICS SOCIETY* PHYSICS SOCIETY Adopted: January 1996 Revised: August 2004 Contact: Richard J. Burk, Jr. Executive Secretary Health Physics Society Telephone: 703-790-1745 Fax: 703-790-2672 Email: [email protected] http://www.hps.org In accordance with current knowledge of radiation health risks, the Health Physics Society recommends against quantitative estimation of health risks below an individual dose of 5 rem1 in one year or a lifetime dose of 10 rem above that received from natural sources. Doses from natural background radiation in the United States average about 0.3 rem per year. A dose of 5 rem will be accumulated in the first 17 years of life and about 25 rem in a lifetime of 80 years. Estimation of health risk associated with radiation doses that are of similar magnitude as those received from natural sources should be strictly qualitative and encompass a range of hypothetical health outcomes, including the possibility of no adverse health effects at such low levels. There is substantial and convincing scientific evidence for health risks following high-dose exposures. However, below 5–10 rem (which includes occupational and environmental exposures), risks of health effects are either too small to be observed or are nonexistent. In part because of the insurmountable intrinsic and methodological difficulties in determining if the health effects that are demonstrated at high radiation doses are also present at low doses, current radiation protection standards and practices are based on the premise that any radiation dose, no matter how small, may result in detrimental health effects, such as cancer and hereditary genetic damage. -
THE KENYA GAZETTE Published by Authority of the Republic of Kenya (Registered As a Newspaper at the G.P.O.)
~ I v , THE KENYA GAZETTE Published by Authority of the Republic of Kenya (Registered as a Newspaper at the G.P.O.) Vol. CXX—No. 99 NAIROBI, 17th August, 2018 Price Sh. 60 CONTENTS GAZETTE NOTICES GAZETTE NOTICE5—(Contd.) PAGE PAGE The Human Resource Management Professionals Act- I The Insolvency Act-Winding up Order and Creditors' Appointment....................................................................... 2906 2954-2955 The National Council for Law Reporting Act- The Political Parties Act-Change of Party Officials........... 2955 Appointment....................................................................... 2906 County Government Notices ................................................... 2906-2907,2953 The Physical Planning Act-Completion of Pail Development Plans, etc .................................................... 2955-2956 The Land Registration Act-issue of Provisional Certificates, etc ................................................................... 2907-2915 Disposal of Uncollected Goods .............................................. 2956 The National Treasury-Statement of Actual Revenues and Lossof Policies .......................................... ................................ 2956-2962 Net Exchequer Issues as at 31st July, 2018 ...................... 2915-2918 Change of Names ............................................................ The Civil Aviation Act-Decisions of the Kenya Civil 2962-2963 Aviation Authority on Applications for Air Service Licences ............................................................................ -
PART I GENERAL PROVISIONS R12 64E-5.101 Definitions
64E-5 Florida Administrative Code Index PART I GENERAL PROVISIONS R12 64E-5.101 Definitions ................................................................................................. I-1 64E-5.102 Exemptions ............................................................................................. I-23 64E-5.103 Records ................................................................................................... I-24 64E-5.104 Tests ... ................................................................................................... I-24 64E-5.105 Prohibited Use ........................................................................................ I-24 64E-5.106 Units of Exposure and Dose ................................................................... I-25 64E-5 Florida Administrative Code Index 64E-5 Florida Administrative Code Index PART II LICENSING OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS R2 64E-5.201 ...... Licensing of Radioactive Material .............................................................. II-1 64E-5.202 ...... Source Material - Exemptions .................................................................... II-2 R12 64E-5.203 ...... Radioactive Material Other than Source Material - Exemptions ................. II-4 SUBPART A LICENSE TYPES AND FEES R12 64E-5.204 ..... Types of Licenses ..................................................................................... II-13 SUBPART B GENERAL LICENSES 64E-5.205 ..... General Licenses - Source Material ......................................................... -
Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Page 1 of 13
Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Page 1 of 13 Dental Policy An Independent licensee of the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association Title: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Professional Institutional Original Effective Date: January 1, 2007 Original Effective Date: January 1, 2007 Revision Date(s): May 14, 2013; Revision Date(s): May 14, 2013; December 31, 2013; May 13, 2015; December 31, 2013; May 13, 2015; April 27, 2016; January 18, 2017; April 27, 2016; January 18, 2017; February 15, 2018; July 3, 2019; February 15, 2018; July 3, 2019, October 1, 2020; May 21, 2021 October 1, 2020; May 21, 2021 Current Effective Date: May 21, 2021 Current Effective Date: May 21, 2021 State and Federal mandates and health plan member contract language, including specific provisions/exclusions, take precedence over Medical Policy and must be considered first in determining eligibility for coverage. To verify a member's benefits, contact Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Kansas Customer Service. The BCBSKS Medical Policies contained herein are for informational purposes and apply only to members who have health insurance through BCBSKS or who are covered by a self-insured group plan administered by BCBSKS. Medical Policy for FEP members is subject to FEP medical policy which may differ from BCBSKS Medical Policy. The medical policies do not constitute medical advice or medical care. Treating health care providers are independent contractors and are neither employees nor agents of Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Kansas and are solely responsible for diagnosis, treatment and medical advice. If your patient is covered under a different Blue Cross and Blue Shield plan, please refer to the Medical Policies of that plan. -
Radiation Safety in Dental Radiography
Dental Radiography Series Radiation Safety in dental radiography. The goal of dental radiography is to obtain diagnostic information while keeping the exposure to the patient and dental staff at minimum levels. While some exposure to radiation is acceptable in medical practice, it should be understood that levels of radiation exposure to patients, dental staff, and other nearby occupants should be kept to As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) to reduce health risks from ionizing radiation. Any methods that can reduce patient and area radiation exposures without major difficulty, great expense or inconvenience, should be practiced. Practitioners must always consider the risk of patient exposure with the benefit of diagnosis. Radiograph Guidelines 4 Radiation safety considerations 4 Exposure 5 Patient selection 5 Film 6 Rectangular Collimation 7 Image Density 7 Film Cassettes 7 Minimal Exposure 8 Exposure Protection Basic principals of radiation safety Additional radiation safety controls commonly utilized for dental facilities Engineering controls 9 Summary 9 References Radiograph Guidelines One way to do this is with the use of radiographic patient All x-ray equipment, regardless of date of manufacture, is selection criteria. subject to state and federal x-ray equipment regulations. Guidelines for the prescription of dental radiographs have Although proper filtration is not usually a problem with been developed by an expert panel of dentists sponsored modern equipment, older x-ray machines should be tested by the public health service. by a radiation physicist or qualified technician to verify the presence of the correct amount of filtration. A free brochure is available from Carestream Dental (see last page for ordering information) publication The kilovoltage or kVp setting is one of the most 8616 “Guidelines for prescribing dental radiographs.” important factors that determines the image contrast, The guidelines are voluntary and are intended only as a as well as dosage to the patient. -
A 50-100 Kwe Gas-Cooled Reactor for Use on Mars
SANDIA REPORT SAND2006-2189 Unlimited Release Printed April 2006 A 50-100 kWe Gas-cooled Reactor For Use On Mars Curtis D. Peters Prepared by Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Livermore, California 94550 Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Approved for public release; further dissemination unlimited. Issued by Sandia National Laboratories, operated for the United States Department of Energy by Sandia Corporation. NOTICE: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government, nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represent that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government, any agency thereof, or any of their contractors or subcontractors. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government, any agency thereof, or any of their contractors. Printed in the United States of America. This report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. Available to DOE and DOE contractors from U.S.