Submission to the Nuclear Power Debate Personal Details Kept Confidential

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Submission to the Nuclear power debate Personal details kept confidential __________________________________________________________________________________________ Firstly I wish to say I have very little experience in nuclear energy but am well versed in the renewable energy one. What we need is a sound rational debate on the future energy requirements of Australia. The calls for cessation of nuclear investigations even before a debate begins clearly shows that emotion rather than facts are playing a part in trying to stop the debate. Future energy needs must be compliant to a sound strategy of consistent, persistent energy supply. This cannot come from wind or solar. Lets say for example a large blocking high pressure weather system sits over the Victorian, NSW land masses in late summer- autumn season. We will see low winds for anything up to a week, can the energy market from the other states support the energy needs of these states without coal or gas? I think not. France has a large investment in nuclear energy and charges their citizens around half as much for it than Germany. Sceptics complain about the costs of storage of waste, they do not suggest what is going to happen to all the costs to the environment when renewing of derelict solar panels and wind turbine infrastructure which is already reaching its use by dates. Sceptics also talk about the dangers of nuclear energy using Chernobyl, Three Mile Island and Fuklushima as examples. My goodness given that same rationale then we should have banned flight after the first plane accident or cars after the first car accident. What of the medical application of nuclear medicine? Australia deserves to use its natural resources wisely, it just seems ludicrous that we are willing to export our coal, gas and uranium to other countries and not be smart enough to develop the technology to better use it ourselves. We were once termed “the lucky country”, and we are with our abundance of resources. Are we going to be smart enough to utilise them wisely for the benefit if our own citizens into the future? Political will and time will tell. This is a fork in the road moment for Australia I hope we take the right road for advancement and needs of our people or the road to civil unrest, disobedience and perdition when the lights go out. Thus I strongly recommend that Australia will invest in the nuclear power. .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

HISTORY Nuclear Medicine Begins with a Boa Constrictor
HISTORY Nuclear Medicine Begins with a Boa Constrictor Marshal! Brucer J Nucl Med 19: 581-598, 1978 In the beginning, a boa constrictor defecated in and then analyzed the insoluble precipitate. Just as London and the subsequent development of nuclear he suspected, it was almost pure (90.16%) uric medicine was inevitable. It took a little time, but the acid. As a thorough scientist he also determined the 139-yr chain of cause and effect that followed was "proportional number" of 37.5 for urea. ("Propor inexorable (7). tional" or "equivalent" weight was the current termi One June week in 1815 an exotic animal exhibi nology for what we now call "atomic weight.") This tion was held on the Strand in London. A young 37.5 would be used by Friedrich Woehler in his "animal chemist" named William Prout (we would famous 1828 paper on the synthesis of urea. Thus now call him a clinical pathologist) attended this Prout, already the father of clinical pathology, be scientific event of the year. While he was viewing a came the grandfather of organic chemistry. boa constrictor recently captured in South America, [Prout was also the first man to use iodine (2 yr the animal defecated and Prout was amazed by what after its discovery in 1814) in the treatment of thy he saw. The physiological incident was common roid goiter. He considered his greatest success the place, but he was the only person alive who could discovery of muriatic acid, inorganic HC1, in human recognize the material. Just a year earlier he had gastric juice.
[Show full text]
The Supply of Medical Isotopes
The Supply of Medical Isotopes AN ECONOMIC DIAGNOSIS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS The Supply of Medical Isotopes AN ECONOMIC DIAGNOSIS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS The Supply of Medical Isotopes AN ECONOMIC DIAGNOSIS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries. This document, as well as any data and any map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Please cite this publication as: OECD/NEA (2019), The Supply of Medical Isotopes: An Economic Diagnosis and Possible Solutions, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9b326195-en. ISBN 978-92-64-94550-0 (print) ISBN 978-92-64-62509-9 (pdf) The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Photo credits: Cover © Yok_onepiece/Shutterstock.com. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm. © OECD 2019 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgement of OECD as source and copyright owner is given.
[Show full text]
Radioactive Waste
Radioactive Waste 07/05/2011 1 Regulations 2 Regulations 1. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) 10 CFR 20 Subpart K. Various approved options for radioactive waste disposal. (See also Appendix F) 10 CFR 35.92. Decay in storage of medically used byproduct material. 10 CFR 60. Disposal of high-level wastes in geologic repositories. 10 CFR 61. Shallow land disposal of low level waste. 10 CFR 62. Criteria and procedures for emergency access to non-Federal and regional low-level waste disposal facilities. 10 CFR 63. Disposal of high-level rad waste at Yucca Mountain, NV 10 CFR 71 Subpart H. Quality assurance for waste packaging and transportation. 10 CFR 72. High level waste storage at an MRS 3 Regulations 2. Department of Energy (DOE) DOE Order 435.1 Radioactive Waste Management. General Requirements regarding radioactive waste. 10 CFR 960. General Guidelines for the Recommendation of Sites for the Nuclear Waste Repositories. Site selection guidelines for a waste repository. The following are not regulations but they provide guidance regarding the implementation of DOE Order 435.1: DOE Manual 435.1-1. Radioactive Waste Management Manual. Describes the requirements and establishes specific responsibilities for implementing DOE O 435.1. DOE Guide 435.1-1. Suggestions and acceptable ways of implementing DOE M 435.1-1 4 Regulations 3. Environmental Protection Agency 40 CFR 191. Environmental Standards for the Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel, High-level and Transuranic Radioactive Wastes. Protection for the public over the next 10,000 years from the disposal of high-level and transuranic wastes. 4. Department of Transportation 49 CFR Parts 171 to 177.
[Show full text]
Fission-Produced 99Mo Without a Nuclear Reactor
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS Fission-Produced 99Mo Without a Nuclear Reactor Amanda J. Youker, Sergey D. Chemerisov, Peter Tkac, Michael Kalensky, Thad A. Heltemes, David A. Rotsch, George F. Vandegrift, John F. Krebs, Vakho Makarashvili, and Dominique C. Stepinski Argonne National Laboratory, Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne, Illinois halted in the past due to inclement weather, natural phenomena, 99Mo, the parent of the widely used medical isotope 99mTc, is cur- flight delays, and terrorist threats (6). rently produced by irradiation of enriched uranium in nuclear reac- The predominant global 99Mo production route is irradiation of tors. The supply of this isotope is encumbered by the aging of these highly enriched uranium (HEU, $20% 235U) solid targets in nuclear reactors and concerns about international transportation and nu- reactors fueled by uranium (2). Other potential 99Mo production Methods: clear proliferation. We report results for the production paths include (n,g)98Mo and (g,n)100Mo; however, both routes re- of 99Mo from the accelerator-driven subcritical fission of an aqueous quire enriched molybdenum material and produce low-specific- solution containing low enriched uranium. The predominately fast 99 neutrons generated by impinging high-energy electrons onto a tan- activity Mo, which cannot be loaded directly on a commercial 99m talum convertor are moderated to thermal energies to increase fission Tc generator. The U.S. National Nuclear Security Administra- processes. The separation, recovery, and purification of 99Mo were tion implements the long-standing U.S. policy to minimize and demonstrated using a recycled uranyl sulfate solution. Conclusion: eliminate HEU in civilian applications by working to convert re- The 99Mo yield and purity were found to be unaffected by reuse of the search reactors and medical isotope production facilities to low previously irradiated and processed uranyl sulfate solution.
[Show full text]
Radiopharmacy Introduction
Radiopharmacy Introduction This Chapter is an amended version of the Good Radiopharmacy Practice Position Paper (GRPP), prepared as a policy document by the SIG Radiopharmacy and Nuclear Medicine of the Netherlands Association of Hospital Pharmacists (NVZA). Introduction In practice, Healthcare Inspectorate (IGZ) inspections in hospitals identify issues during the preparation and reconstitution and/ or aseptic handling (RAH) of radiopharmaceuticals in relation to the interpretation and application of the Dutch Good Manufacturing Practice for hospitals (GMP-z) guidelines. This Chapter aims to provide an unambiguous framework to ensure that there is no doubt about the guidelines and circumstances that apply to every situation. Principles, legislation and regulations In the Netherlands, around 65 hospitals have a Nuclear Medicine Department. More than 50% of these Departments are currently supplied by one of the three radiopharmacies of GE Healthcare. In the other hospitals, the radiopharmaceuticals are prepared by the Radiopharmacy, as well known as the “hot lab”. As this generally concerns centers with a major Nuclear Medicine Department, it can be said that the largest volume of radiopharmaceuticals is produced in the hospitals themselves. Radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals are also purchased ready-made and are prepared for administration by the hot lab. Radiopharmaceuticals are ordinary pharmacy preparations, but differ from other prepared medicines due to their small-scale preparation (always prepared shortly before for administration (PFA)) on a patients name, sometimes preceded by a labelling step with a radionuclide generated in-house or not), their short shelf-life (due to radioactive decay) and the low pharmacological doses that are generally used. The radiation dose for the patient is generally low, as most radiopharmaceuticals are used for diagnostic purposes.
[Show full text]
III.2. POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY – a NEW TECHNOLOGY in the NUCLEAR MEDICINE IMAGE DIAGNOSTICS (Short Review)
III.2. POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY – A NEW TECHNOLOGY IN THE NUCLEAR MEDICINE IMAGE DIAGNOSTICS (Short review) Piperkova E, Georgiev R Dept.of Nuclear Medicine and Dept of Radiotherapy, National Oncological Centre Hospital, Sofia Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a technology which makes fast advance in the field of Nuclear Medicine. It is different from the X-ray Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), where mostly anatomical structures are shown and their functioning could be evaluated only indirectly. In addition, PET can visualise the biological nature and metabolite activity of the cells and tissues. It also has the capability for quantitative determination of the biochemical, physiological and pathological process in the human body (1). The spatial resolution of PET is usually 4-5mm and when the concentration of the positron emitter in the cells is high enough, it allows to see small size pathological zones with high proliferative and metabolite activity ( 3, 7, 17). Following fast and continuous improvement, PET imaging systems have advanced from the Bismuth Germanate Oxide (BGO) circular detector technology to the modern Lutetium Orthosilicate (LSO) and Gadolinium Orthosilicate (GSO) detectors (2, 7, 16). On the other hand, the construction technology has undergone significant progress in the development of new combined PET-CT and PET-MRI systems which currently replace the conventional PET systems with integrated transmission and emission detecting procedures, shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 1 A modern PET-CT system with one gantry. The sensitivity and the accuracy of PET based methods are found to be considerably higher compared to the other existing imaging methods and they can achieve 90-100% in the localisation of different oncological lesions (4, 11, 13, 14).
[Show full text]
Positron Emission Tomography
Positron emission tomography A.M.J. Paans Department of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands Abstract Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a method for measuring biochemical and physiological processes in vivo in a quantitative way by using radiopharmaceuticals labelled with positron emitting radionuclides such as 11C, 13N, 15O and 18F and by measuring the annihilation radiation using a coincidence technique. This includes also the measurement of the pharmacokinetics of labelled drugs and the measurement of the effects of drugs on metabolism. Also deviations of normal metabolism can be measured and insight into biological processes responsible for diseases can be obtained. At present the combined PET/CT scanner is the most frequently used scanner for whole-body scanning in the field of oncology. 1 Introduction The idea of in vivo measurement of biological and/or biochemical processes was already envisaged in the 1930s when the first artificially produced radionuclides of the biological important elements carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, which decay under emission of externally detectable radiation, were discovered with help of the then recently developed cyclotron. These radionuclides decay by pure positron emission and the annihilation of positron and electron results in two 511 keV γ-quanta under a relative angle of 180o which are measured in coincidence. This idea of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) could only be realized when the inorganic scintillation detectors for the detection of γ-radiation, the electronics for coincidence measurements, and the computer capacity for data acquisition and image reconstruction became available. For this reason the technical development of PET as a functional in vivo imaging discipline started approximately 30 years ago.
[Show full text]
Civilian Nuclear Waste Disposal
Civilian Nuclear Waste Disposal (name redacted) Specialist in Energy Policy January 11, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RL33461 Civilian Nuclear Waste Disposal Summary Management of civilian radioactive waste has posed difficult issues for Congress since the beginning of the nuclear power industry in the 1950s. Federal policy is based on the premise that nuclear waste can be disposed of safely, but proposed storage and disposal facilities have frequently been challenged on safety, health, and environmental grounds. Although civilian radioactive waste encompasses a wide range of materials, most of the current debate focuses on highly radioactive spent fuel from nuclear power plants. The United States currently has no disposal facility for spent nuclear fuel. The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 (NWPA) calls for disposal of spent nuclear fuel in a deep geologic repository. NWPA established the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) in the Department of Energy (DOE) to develop such a repository, which would be licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Amendments to NWPA in 1987 restricted DOE’s repository site studies to Yucca Mountain in Nevada. DOE submitted a license application for the proposed Yucca Mountain repository to NRC on June 3, 2008. The state of Nevada strongly opposes the Yucca Mountain project, citing excessive water infiltration, earthquakes, volcanoes, human intrusion, and other technical issues. The Obama Administration “has determined that developing the Yucca Mountain repository is not a workable option and the Nation needs a different solution for nuclear waste disposal,” according to the DOE FY2011 budget justification. As a result, no funding for Yucca Mountain, OCRWM, or NRC licensing was requested or provided for FY2011 or subsequent years.
[Show full text]
Three Mile Island : a Nuclear Crisis in Historical Perspective Pdf, Epub, Ebook
THREE MILE ISLAND : A NUCLEAR CRISIS IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK J. Samuel Walker | 314 pages | 28 Jan 2006 | University of California Press | 9780520246836 | English | Berkerley, United States Three Mile Island : A Nuclear Crisis in Historical Perspective PDF Book Friday, March "Going to Hell in a Handbasket" 7. Three Mile Island. Related articles in Google Scholar. Search Menu. Wednesday March 28 This Is the Biggie. This is the price excluding shipping and handling fees a seller has provided at which the same item, or one that is nearly identical to it, is being offered for sale or has been offered for sale in the recent past. The nuclear crisis at the Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Fukushima, km from Tokyo, has been getting a lot of attention in the media lately but fears expressed for dangerous levels of radiation reaching areas further than 30km from the stricken nuclear facilities are unfounded and need to be put into perspective. See all 7 - All listings for this product. Berkeley, California. Sign up for email notifications and we'll let you know about new publications in your areas of interest when they're released. Prior accounts pale in comparison to this work. Arriving on the third day after the accident as the nrc on-site operative, only Harold Denton, whom President Jimmy Carter wisely designated his personal representative, emerged as a spokesman whose judgment all parties and the public trusted. Stock photo. The accident started early in the morning on March 28, The terrorist attacks of September 11, , for example, raised critical questions about the resilience and safety of nuclear power plants in the event of sabotage or attack.
[Show full text]
Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc
Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. 1725 I STREET, N,W. SUITE 600 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20006 202 223-8210 New Yorll. Offiu WesternOfJit:e 122 EAST 42ND STREET 25 KEARNY STREE.T NEW YORI<, N.Y. 10017 SAN FRANCISCO,CALIF. 94108 212 949-0°49 415 4U-6S61 Secrecy and Public Issues Related to Nuclear Power by Thomas B. Cochran A Paper Presented Before The American physical Society 1980 Spring Meeting Washington, D.C. April 30, 19BO •••• 75 l 00% Recycled Paper In 1954 atomic power first emerged from the wraps of military secrecy. Rather than a destroyer of-men, the peaceful uses of atomic energy would be a bountiful provider for social progress. There was already beginning public awareness of the dangers of radiation, and Congress recognized that development of this new power source could continue only if there was public acceptance. In the Atomic Energy Act, it was stated that: The dissemination of scientific and technical information relating to atomic energy should be permitted and encouraged so as to provide that free interchange of ideas and criticism which is essential to scientific and industrial progress and pUblic understanding and to enlarge the fund of technical information. IAtomic Energy Act of 1954, Sec. 141.b. j emphasi.s supplied. ] "The dissemination of infgrmation • • • to provide free interchange of ideas and criticism • essential to . • public understanding" ech'o-es"a~tenet of our society: clearly, in a-democratic society, an essential and minimum ingredient for meaningful exchange of ideas and criticism --for ~ aod ~~te is access by all parties to all relevant facts.
[Show full text]
Radiation Protection Guidelines for Safe Handling of Decedents
Radiation Protection Radiation Protection Guidelines for Safe Handling of Decedents REGDOC-2.7.3 June 2018 Radiation Protection Guidelines for Safe Handling of Decedents Regulatory document REGDOC-2.7.3 © Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) 2018 Cat. No. CC172-195/2018E-PDF ISBN 978-0-660-26930-6 Extracts from this document may be reproduced for individual use without permission provided the source is fully acknowledged. However, reproduction in whole or in part for purposes of resale or redistribution requires prior written permission from the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission. Également publié en français sous le titre : Lignes directrices sur la radioprotection pour la manipulation sécuritaire des dépouilles Document availability This document can be viewed on the CNSC website. To request a copy of the document in English or French, please contact: Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission 280 Slater Street P.O. Box 1046, Station B Ottawa, ON K1P 5S9 CANADA Tel.: 613-995-5894 or 1-800-668-5284 (in Canada only) Fax: 613-995-5086 Email: [email protected] Website: nuclearsafety.gc.ca Facebook: facebook.com/CanadianNuclearSafetyCommission YouTube: youtube.com/cnscccsn Twitter: @CNSC_CCSN LinkedIn: linkedin.com/company/cnsc-ccsn Publishing history June 2018 Version 1.0 June 2018 REGDOC-2.7.3, Radiation Protection Guidelines for Safe Handling of Decedents Preface This regulatory document is part of the CNSC’s radiation protection series of regulatory documents. The full list of regulatory document series is included at the end of this document and can also be found on the CNSC’s website. Many medical procedures using nuclear substances are carried out to diagnose and treat diseases.
[Show full text]
Anomalous Diffusion in Anisotropic Media Felix Kleinschmidt
Anomalous Diffusion in Anisotropic Media Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Fakultät fürChemie, Pharmazie und Geowissenschaften der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau vorgelegt von Felix Kleinschmidt aus Freiburg im Breisgau 5. April 2005 ”Il faut avoir étudiébeaucoup pour savoir peu.” Montesquieu (1689-1755) Pensées, Nr. 1116 Œuvres complètes,Paris 1950 Vorsitzender des Promotionsausschusses: Prof. Dr. G. Schulz Dekan: Prof. Dr. H. Hillebrecht Referentin: Prof. Dr. C. Schmidt Korreferent: Prof. Dr. H. Finkelmann Betreuerin der Arbeit: Prof. Dr. C. Schmidt Tag der mündlichen Prüfung:09.05.2005 Die vorliegende Arbeit entstand in der Zeit von April 2001 bis April 2005 am Institut fürMakromolekulare Chemie der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau. Publications and Presentations Publications Kay Saalwächter, Felix Kleinschmidt and Jens-Uwe Sommer, Swelling Hetero- geneities in End-Linked Model Networks: A Combined Proton Multiple-Quantum NMR and Computer Simulation Study, Macromolecules 2004, 37, 8556-8568 Felix Kleinschmidt, Markus Hickl, Claudia Schmidt and Heino Finkelmann: Smec- tic Liquid Single Crystal Hydrogels (LSCH): Hygroelastic and 2H NMR Diffusion Measurements, in preparation Felix Kleinschmidt and Claudia Schmidt: Multilamellar Vesicles from C10E3/D2O; NMR Line Shape and Pulsed Gradient Diffusion Measurements, in preparation Scientific Talks Felix Kleinschmidt, Patrick Becker, Laurence Noirez and Claudia Schmidt: Side- Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers under Shear Flow, Meeting
[Show full text]