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Political Parties and Interest Groups from the Past And __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Антонио ЈОВАНОВСКИ, Грин ГоуГоу Грин ЈОВАНОВСКИ, Антонио Истражување: : Истражување Искра СТОЈКОВСКА , 21/42 ФРОНТ ФРОНТ 21/42 , СТОЈКОВСКА Искра Автор: : Автор посилна од кога и дабило. било.да и кога од посилна време, ја прават уште оваа врска врска оваа уште прават ја време, главните предизвици нашето на на нашето предизвици главните развој. од Климатскитееден промени,промени, еденКлиматските од развој. значаен дел ододржлив за концептот концептот за од одржлив дел значаен усвоен во 1970-тите претставува и итите - претставува 1970 во своен у економијата. е пат Овој прв ставза став за првОвој пат е економијата. средина Е незаменлив од дел дел Е незаменлив од средина ова ме фрустрира.животната Сепак,Сепак, животнатафрустрира. ме ова „економски сето развој!“ Признавам Признавам развој!“ сето „економски одговор што го добивам е: го добивам е:што одговор тие „посериозни теми“ првиот теми“ првиот „посериозни тие соочувам. Когасе кои ќе запрашамзапрашам ќе коиКога се соочувам. Ова е најчесто ставот се кој со со ставот кој се најчесто е Ова посериозни теми!“ теми!“ посериозни www.gogreen.mk www.gogreen.mk средина! За Македонија многу има има Македонија многу За средина! www.front.org.mk www.front.org.mk „Остави ја настрана животнатаживотната ја настрана „Остави www.kas.de/macedonia www.kas.de/macedonia бизнис потенцијал потенцијал бизнис October 2013 3 201 October општество - висок висок - општество EXTRACTS FROM THE REVIEWS Prof. Savo Klimovski, PhD … An excellent and comprehensive textbook, from both the aspect Нискокарбонско Нискокарбонско of the contents and the structural organisation of the materials. Prof. Tanja Karakamisheva-Jovanovska, PhD The extraordinary approach in studying the most important issues Doc. Aleksandar Spasenovski, PhD related to the development of political parties and party systems, the development and functioning of elections and electoral systems, but also issues related to the development and the essence of the functioning of interest groups in national systems, as well as in the EU, all attach a special significance to this textbook, as well as serving a special role in the system of educational papers. SOVEREIGNTY ProfEssor slaviša KovačEvić, PhD The textbook is organized in an excellent manner, incorporating ELECTIONS numerous opinions of world renowned authors, professors, and analysts of political parties and interest groups from the past and EUROPEAN UNION present. At the same time, this textbook contains highly relevant REFERENDUM BRIEFS MACEDONIA scientific, expert analyses and opinions on issues directly related MACEDONIA BRIEFS to the contemporary challenges of political parties in Europe and abroad. This textbook gains even more importance due to the CONSERVATISM EU POLICY extraordinary connection the authors make between party systems POLICY EU and electoral systems, parties and elections. LIBERALISM SOCIAL DEMOCRACY ProfEssor irEna PEjić, PhD POLITICAL PARTIES AND INTEREST GROUPS Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung in the RepublicPOLICY of MacedoniaEU EU POLICY Since July 2000, when the first representative office of the Konrad-Adenauer- Stiftung was established MACEDONIA in Skopje, there have been BRIEFS a significant amount BRIEFS MACEDONIA of activities realized in order to contribute towards improving the general conditions in the Republic of Macedonia. In this regard, the cooperation with the academic community is an imperative and a challenge for us, implying POLITICAL PARTIES Prof. Savo Klimovski, PhD the support provided for the publishing of this textbook is another logical step in this direction. We truly hope that this textbook will enrich the knowledge not only of students at the Law Faculty Iustinianus Primus in Skopje, but also Doc. Aleksandar Spasenovski, PhD AND INTEREST GROUPS of academics from other higher educational institutions in the state. At the same time, we believe that this paper will be a challenge for all concerned with the issues elaborated in it, within their professional interests. Prof. Tanja Karakamisheva-Jovanovska, PhD Prof. Нискокарбонско Нискокарбонско висок - општество општество - висок потенцијал бизнис 3 201 October October 2013 бизнис потенцијал „Остави ја настрана животната животната ја настрана „Остави www.kas.de/macedonia www.kas.de/macedonia „Остави ја настрана животната www.front.org.mk www.front.org.mk средина! За Македонија има многу многу има Македонија За средина! www.gogreen.mk www.gogreen.mk средина! За Македонија има многу теми!“ посериозни посериозни теми!“ Ова е најчесто ставот со кој се се кој со ставот најчесто е Ова Ова е најчесто ставот со кој се соочувам. Кога ќе запрашам кои се се кои запрашам ќе Кога соочувам. соочувам. Кога ќе запрашам кои се тие „посериозни теми“ првиот првиот теми“ „посериозни тие тие „посериозни теми“ првиот одговор што го добивам е: го добивам што одговор одговор што го добивам е: „економски развој!“ Признавам сето сето Признавам развој!“ „економски „економски развој!“ Признавам сето ова ме фрустрира. Сепак, животната животната Сепак, фрустрира. ме ова ова ме фрустрира. Сепак, животната средина Е незаменлив дел од од дел Е незаменлив средина средина Е незаменлив дел од економијата. Овој став за прв пат е е пат прв за став Овој економијата. економијата. Овој став за прв пат е тите и претставува претставува и тите - 1970 во своен у усвоен во 1970-тите и претставува значаен дел од концептот за одржлив одржлив за концептот од дел значаен значаен дел од концептот за одржлив развој. Климатските промени, еден од од еден промени, Климатските развој. развој. Климатските промени, еден од главните предизвици на нашето нашето на предизвици главните главните предизвици на нашето време, ја прават оваа врска уште уште врска оваа прават ја време, време, ја прават оваа врска уште било. да и кога од посилна посилна од кога и да било. : Автор Автор: 21/42 ФРОНТ , СТОЈКОВСКА Искра Искра СТОЈКОВСКА, ФРОНТ 21/42 : Истражување Истражување: Грин Гоу ЈОВАНОВСКИ, Антонио Антонио ЈОВАНОВСКИ, Гоу Грин __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Prof. Savo Klimovski, PhD Prof. Tanja Karakamisheva-Jovanovska, PhD Doc. Aleksandar Spasenovski, PhD POLITICAL PARTIES AND INTEREST GROUPS Skopje, 2016 IMPRESSUM Title: Political Parties and Interest Groups Authors: Savo Klimovski, professor emeritus at “Iustinianus Primus” Faculty of Law in Skopje at Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje Tanja Karakamisheva-Jovanovska, full time professor at “Iustinianus Primus” Faculty of Law in Skopje at Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje Aleksandar Spasenovski, docent at “Iustinianus Primus” Faculty of Law in Skopje at Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje Reviewers: Irena Pejić, professor at the Faculty of Law in Niš, Republic of Serbia Slaviša Kovačević, professor at the Faculty of Law in Niš, Republic of Serbia Publishers: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung in the Republic of Macedonia “Iustinianus Primus” Faculty of Law in Skopje Coordination: Davor Pasoski Johannes D. Rey Translation: Perica Sardzoski Blagovesta Pop-Stefanija Proofreading: Matthias Meyer Computer and printing: Vinsent Grafika DOO Skopje Circulation: 200 copies The book can be downloaded free at: http://www.kas.de/mazedonien/en/ Note: The views and opinions expressed in this book are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. This book is accepted as a coursebook for the subject Political Parties and Interest Groups with a decision brought forth by the Educational and Scientific Council of the Faculty of Law “Iustinianus Primus” at Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, at the session held on 29.01.2016, registered under number 02-73/22 from 29.01.2016. All rights are reserved. Any reproduction or multiplication, photocopying, or electronic storing of sections from this book, without prior consent of the authors is prohibited. Ss. Cyril and Methodius University Faculty of Law “Iustinianus Primus” Skopje Prof. Savo Klimovski, PhD Prof. Tanja Karakamisheva-Jovanovska, PhD Doc. Aleksandar Spasenovski, PhD POLITICAL PARTIES AND INTEREST GROUPS (Second amended and supplemented edition) CONTENTS Preface 14 PART ONE POLITICAL PARTIES AND PARTY SYSTEMS (Prof. Tanja Karakamisheva-Jovanovska, PhD) 19 CHAPTER 1 BASIC QUESTIONS FOR THE STUDY OF POLITICAL PARTIES 20 1. THE CONCEPT AND EMERGENCE OF A POLITICAL PARTY 21 2. DEFINING A POLITICAL PARTY 28 2.1. Party structure (organisation) – main traditions 32 2.1.1. Models of party organisation 37 2.2. The desire to come to power or stay in power as long as possible 43 2.2.1. Differences between the concepts of authority and governance 50 2.2.2. Party coalition and types of coalitions 51 2.3. Ideology as an element of defining a party 58 2.3.1. Types of ideologies 64 2.3.1.1. Liberalism 64 2.3.1.2. Conservatism 67 2.3.1.3. Socialism 71 2.3.1.4. Social Democracy 73 2.3.1.5. Nationalism 77 2.3.1.6. Other types of ideologies 79 2.3.1.6.1. Anarchism 79 2.3.1.6.2. Fascism 81 2.3.1.6.3. Feminism 83 2.3.1.6.4. Ecologism 85 2.3.1.6.5. Fundamentalism 87 2.4. Political legitimacy and public support of political parties 92 3. FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES 94 CHAPTER 2 HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, THE USA, FRANCE, AND THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY 98 1. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
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