SECTION II DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Unit 1. O.J. Simpson: Profile of an Abuser Focus Vocabulary List Study and learn the topical vocabulary list. Provide Russian equivalents to the vocabulary items. A-B 1) spousal battery; child and wife battering 2) battering victim (battered wife, battering husband) 3) an altercation 4) to live a double life; to disguise one‟s inner life; syn. to hide one‟s real identity 5) to keep up the façade; syn. to build up false images; ant. to peel away the veneer 6) to set out to create a more pleasing self; syn. to appear gracious, warm and congenial 7) to have the upper hand 8) to be fastidious; syn. to be a perfectionist 9) to have a double standard on smth 10) to cruise bars 11) to indulge in drugs and random sex 12) to snort cocaine 13) to philander; philanderer; philandering 14) to womanize; womanizer; womanizing 15) to have a wandering eye 16) to be on the prowl 17) to be free to roam 18) passing flings 19) to be infatuated with 20) a happy-go-lucky guy; a partyer 21) decorous orgies; syn. wild parties 22) irrational; syn. obsessive/rancorous jealousy; jealous ranting 23) a crime of passion 24) to spar with each other; to taunt; to snap 25) to have an anger-management problem 26) to go ballistic; syn. to be beside oneself with rage 27) to scream profanities at; syn. obscenities 28) to attack; to assault; to pounce on 29) to reconcile with; reconciliation attempts; to make/to halt reconciliation attempts; to cut off all contact with 30) an on-again, off-again marriage 31) to delude oneself; self-delusion 32) self-imposed pressure; syn. strain 33) to mold oneself to smb‟s existence 34) to wait on smb hand and foot 35) to put one‟s own life together; syn. to build a new life 36) to stab to death; syn. to inflict stab wounds on smb 37) to slash somebody‟s throat 38) an interracial relationship 39) to challenge overtly the restrictions of race; to play the race card/ syn. to use one‟s skin to one‟s advantage 40) to wind up in a kind of gilded no man‟s land 41) to be a non-issue with smb 42) to be oblivious of/to 43) to have a propensity to/for 44) to espouse smth* 45) to credit smb with smth

C 1 1) to gain national attention; a highly publicized criminal trial; to become a public obsession 2) to be televised nationally to a vast audience; massive press coverage 3) to place the time of the murder at from… to 4) to press charges against smb; to file charges; to sue 5) a misdemeanor count (~ of spousal battery ); felony 6) to be arrested on murder charges 7) to be charged with (~ two counts of first-degree murder) 8) to surrender 9) to declare smb a fugitive 10) to enter a plea of not guilty 11) to summon 12) to arraign 13) to be freed on a bond 14) to confine to a single cell 15) to place on a suicide watch; to take one‟s own life; a suicide note 16) sloppiness (~ by the police) 17) to receive a wrist-slap fine 18) a brief stint of community service 19) forensic evidence; significant bits of evidence linking smb to the crime 20) to dismiss the grand jury hearing evidence on the case 21) a preliminary hearing in open court 22) to be bound over for trial 23) to award default judgment 24) to convict smb of smth; conviction; convict / syn. to find liable 25) to acquit smb of smth; acquittal 26) conspiracy (~ to commit a crime)

Study the texts, identify the active vocabulary items and discuss the questions following the texts.

Introduction The 1995 criminal trial of O. J. Simpson for the brutal murders of his wife and her companion revealed disturbing evidence that O.J. Simpson’s genial public persona masked a more menacing private personality. Audiotapes of Nicole Simpson’s Oct. 25, 1993 police calls offered harrowing proof of a relationship plagued by violence and intimidation. “Trial of the Century” drew unprecedented attention to the national problem of domestic violence and made the whole world understand its nature and dire consequences. O.J. Simpson

Pre-reading Exercise: make sure you understand cultural and linguistic realities used in the text.

О. J. Simpson play of words: Orenthal James, advertised orange juice; besides he prides himself on being juiced up (animated, energetic, always on the move); “the Juice” – to the team-mates. Hall Of Famer the American football Hall of Famer in Springfield. A committee elects football players into it and makes their statues and plaques. Rent-a-Car Hertz car rental corporation. O.J. Simpson did their TV commercials as a spokesperson for the company. SUPERSTAR of Rent-a-Car used sarcastically to imply he made it at football but failed to make it a big career as a movie or TV star. Rose Bowl a famous American football game that takes place January 1 in Los Angeles, the “tournament of roses”, colourfully celebrated with floats. It is like a diorama on a truck that moves, with real people or Disney characters, etc. a superfly type a black term; reference to Jim Brown, a footballer who starred in a movie

2 to give high fives a greeting, salutation with an open hand held high with five fingers, an expression which came into use in the 60s, introduced by hippies (similarly: “Slip me fives”, “Give me the skin” which is equal to “Let‟s shake hands”) skycaps porters groupies fan clubs IRS Internal Revenue Service capital gains tax on profits Gin Rummy card play to slurp down to drink (soda, sweet ice through a straw) to quip to retort sarcastically the party was lowkey subdued, quiet

Orenthal James Simpson, born 1947

U.S. football player, born in San Francisco, Calif. One of the all-time best running backs in pro football, Simpson first gained national attention as a member of the University of Southern California (USC) Trojans. After attending San Francisco City College (1965-66) to improve his academic standing, Simpson was accepted to USC. He excelled as a Trojan, being named All-American (1967-68), winning the Heisman trophy (1968), and scoring both touchdowns in USC‟s 1968 Rose Bowl win over Indiana. He was also a member of a world-record-setting 440-yard relay team. In 1969, the Buffalo Bills made Simpson the first pick of the college draft. He led the NFL in rushing in four seasons (1972, 1973, 1975, and 1976) and was the first runner to gain 2,000 rushing yards in a season. Known for his exceptional speed and ability to evade the opposition, he had six 200-yard rushing games and was selected to the Pro Bowl from 1972 to 1976. Simpson was traded to the San Francisco 49ers in 1978. Knee injuries led him to retire after the 1979 season. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Famer in 1983 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1985. Juice, or O.J. Juice, as Simpson was often called because of his initials, became a commentator for various televised sporting events, including NBC Sports (1978-82), Monday Night Football (1983-86), and the Summer Olympic Games of 1976 and 1984. He was frequently seen on television in commercials, most notably for the Hertz car-rental company, and also acted in several movies, including “The Naked Gun” series. In June of 1994, Simpson was arrested on murder charges in the stabbing deaths of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and a friend of hers. Television cameras rolled as Simpson and a former teammate led Los Angeles police on a two-hour freeway chase before the men stopped at Simpson‟s home and later surrendered.

June 12-20, 1994: The O.J. Simpson murder case The bodies of Nicole Brown Simpson, the former wife of noted football great O.J. Simpson, and an acquaintance of hers, Ronald Goldman, were found outside of her condominium in Brentwood, an exclusive section of Los Angeles, at 12:10 a.m. Monday morning. O.J. Simpson was a member of the Football Hall of Famer, sports announcer, and sometimes actor. Goldman was a waiter at the Mezzaluna restaurant, located a few blocks from the condominium. Nicole Simpson had left the restaurant at 8:30 Sunday evening. Goldman followed more than an hour later to return sunglasses she had forgotten. Police placed the time of the double murder at from 9:45 to 11 p.m. Sunday evening. O.J. Simpson had meanwhile flown to Chicago, where he checked into a hotel near O‟Hare Airport. After a series of phone calls from the West Coast, he returned home on an early morning flight. He was questioned by Los Angeles police for more than three hours the same day. Significant bits of evidence apparently linking him to the crime were found by police at his home and at the crime scene. On Friday, June 17, he was charged with two counts of first-degree murder and ordered to turn himself in. After failing to surrender, police declared him a fugitive. He had fled with the help of his friend and former football teammate, Al Cowlings. Later that day, after a 60-mile (100-kilometer) slow-speed automobile chase from Orange County north to Los Angeles, he was arrested at his Brentwood mansion. The chase was seen on television by viewers all over the United States and in some foreign countries. Cowlings was arrested for aiding a fugitive and freed on $250,000 bond. Simpson was taken to Los Angeles County Men‟s Central Jail, 3 confined to a single cell, and put under suicide watch. Earlier on Friday he had released a letter to the news media indicating he might take his own life. He was arraigned before a Los Angeles judge on Monday, June 20, and charged with the murders. He entered a plea of not guilty. Shortly afterward the grand jury hearing evidence on the case was dismissed. This necessitated a lengthy preliminary hearing in open court. The hearing, similar in procedures to a regular trial, was televised nationally to a vast audience for about two weeks. After a convincing presentation of evidence by the prosecution, Simpson was bound over for trial.

Text A August 29, 1994, Newsweek Day and Night By Evan Thomas His ex-wife had been dead less than 12 hours, her throat slashed while their young children slept nearby. He had been summoned back to Los Angeles by the police to be questioned as a possible suspect in the murder. Still, as O.J. Simpson hurried to the Chicago airport on the morning of June 12, he paused to sign an autograph. It was a bizarre impulse under the circumstances, but perfectly in keeping with the public persona Simpson had painstakingly constructed throughout his life. As a child in the Potrero Hill housing project of San Francisco, he learned the importance of disguising his inner life, and it was a lesson he never forgot. “The ghetto,” he wrote in his autobiography in 1970, made “you want to hide your real identity – from cops, from teachers, and even from yourself. And it forces to build up false images.” Simpson set out to create a more pleasing self. He was gracious, warm, congenial – the Hall of Famer who was also your buddy, the Superstar of Rent-a-Car at ease in corporate life, a Hollywood celebrity with an impressive array of rich and famous friends, an American hero who overtly challenged the restrictions of race. To an extraordinary degree, Simpson convinced friends, colleagues and admirers – even, at times, himself – that this was his true character. The “suicide” note he wrote before his famous ride, the highest-rated cry for help in the history of televised neuroses, was strangely moving in its banality and delusion. “Please think of the real O.J. and not this lost person,” he wrote, making a smiley face in the “O” of his signature. The O.J. Simpson case has become such a public obsession that most people can recite the location of the bloody glove, the time Nicole called her mother or the number of stab wounds inflicted on Roland Goldman. But the man who will be tried next month on national television remains something of a mystery of his own making. In fact, Simpson lived a double life. The corporate spokesman who drank an occasional beer with Hertz executives was also a hard partyer, Newsweek‟s reporters found, who cruised bars and indulged in drugs and random sex. His wife believed he was a cocaine addict; his friends, who saw him on the prowl at wild parties in Los Angeles, thought his real addiction was white women. The smooth talker took lessons to make his diction more “white.” The family man was seldom home. How did Simpson deal with the contradictions of his life? For all his self-delusion, he was a perfectionist who prized self-discipline. His disappointments must have been keenly felt, even if he kept them well hidden. He wanted to be a great actor, but he had to settle for being a TV personality. He was less of a businessman than a friend of businessmen. Despite his effort to rise above the race, he wound up in a kind of gilded no man‟s land. To many whites, he was not so much enviable as safe, and to some blacks, particularly his brothers in the sports and entertainment world, he was too white. At some point, a double life can become too much to bear. It is amazing, given the story that follows, how long Simpson kept up the facade. To many of his fans, the nickname given Orenthal James Simpson as a pro came to connote a certain sweetness of spirit. He was “O.J,” “the Juice”: for a time TV ads showed him slurping down orange juice (until he had to quit because citric acid was bad for his arthritic knees). But to his teammates, the name Juice “didn‟t have anything to do with orange juice, only with the kind of guy I‟m always juiced up, always movin‟ around,” he told Playboy in 1976. “A lot of guys probably think I‟m too active and too loud, but that‟s the way I am, and that‟s the way I was as a kid.”

“He‟d Get Whupped With Anything She Could Find” Growing up in the projects during the 1950s, he was a member of a gang called the Persian Warriors. The Warriors stole food from warehouses near the projects: Simpson liked to hit the local pie company (“My 4 favorite was blackberry,” he later said). This was an era before kids carried semiautomatic weapons to school, “but we did a pretty good amount of fighting,” said Simpson. “You‟d hear cats saying: „You gonna be at the Golden Gate Theatre tomorrow? The Roman Gents are gonna fight the Sheiks!‟” Simpson did not win any fights with his mother. “He used to get whupped with anything she could find, a belt, a bottle …” said Willie Dickens, a boyhood friend. When Simpson was 5, his father walked out: according to his brother, Truman, Jimmie Simpson was a homosexual, a potential source of shame to a black youth growing up in that more repressed time. Poor as well as abandoned, Simpson suffered from rickets, a calcium and vitamin D deficiency normally seen in underdeveloped countries. Unable to afford an operation to straighten O.J.‟s warped legs, Simpson‟s mother created crude braces by putting the wrong shoe on each foot. His legs were so spindly, neighborhood kids called them “pencil pins,” yet he ran the 100 in 9,9 seconds as a high-school halfback. Clearly, a talent not to be wasted. After Simpson spent a weekend in custody for robbing a liquor store when he was 15, a social worker arranged for him to meet Willie Mays, the baseball star who gave young Simpson an inspirational chat about staying out of trouble. O.J. later said he was more impressed by Mays‟s house, a mansion in an affluent part of town. He also watched with envy and fascination as Mays signed autographs for his fans. “I thought, hey, wouldn‟t it be great for people to know me and love me and want to come up to me.” His choice of college is revealing. Despite poor grades, Simpson could have won a scholarship to almost any state football factory, but he chose the University of Southern California. The school had a higher television profile than most, in part because of its regular appearances in the Rose Bowl. USC also had strong connections to Hollywood. The assistant coach who recruited Simpson, Marvin Goux, was also a bit-part actor who could get O.J. a summer job as an extra at a studio. USC was then primarily a school for rich white kids. Black athletes stood out there because they were virtually the only blacks on campus. Some African-American athletes were militant in the late 1960s, most famously the two Olympians, Tommie Smith and John Carlos, who gave black-power salutes on the victory stand. Simpson, aware of rumors that any USC athlete joining the Black Student Union risked losing his scholarship, showed no solidarity. “I respect Tommie Smith,” he said, “but I don‟t admire him.” It is remarkable, given Simpson‟s great career as a ballplayer and the propensity most athletes have to live in the present, how much Simpson worried about what he would do when he retired from football. He compared the end of fame to “a woman‟s menopause.” In 1974, five years before he retired from pro-ball, he told sportswriter Larry Fox that he was “frightened” by “just the thought of going into a restaurant and having to wait for a table.” He told Playboy interviewer Lawrence Linderman in 1976, “When all the adulation is withdrawn, it‟s traumatic, Jack.” Simpson set out with relentless ambition and the savvy of a professional marketer to avoid this fate. The night he won the Heisman Trophy in 1968, he worked out a TV deal with Roone Arledge of ABC; he was still six months away from signing a pro-football contract. Simpson‟s model for life after football, in both a negative and a positive sense, was Jim Brown, the NFL‟s first truly great black running back. Simpson admired Brown for quitting while he was still an all-pro and before he lost his legs, but he disdained Brown for his surly, confrontational attitude toward whites. Unlike Brown, Simpson would refuse to act in so-called blaxploitation movies. He did not want to be a Superfly type; he turned down a lead role in “Mandingo”. His goal, he said, with more hope than reason, was to be as good an actor as Dustin Hoffman. He claimed not to understand the occasional murmurings that he was “selling out.” “Being black is something I never worried about,” Simpson said in 1977, after he starred with Elizabeth Montgomery in a movie called “A Killing Affair.” “You know, some of the sisters – I call all black women sisters – got upset with me,” he said, for appearing in bed with a white woman. “They missed completely that for the first time white America accepted a black man with a white woman on the screen.” Although Simpson talked about being “colorless,” he was actually quite conscious of playing the race card. If it was necessary to be more “white” to get ahead, he would adapt accordingly. At the same time he knew how to use his skin color to his advantage. “I arrived when black became vogue,” he said in 1974. “Every studio in California and all the major companies in the United States were putting out those memorandums ... I was in the right place at the right time.” Simpson proceeded to cash in with, among others, Royal Crown Cola, Schick, Foster Grant, Treesweet orange juice and Wilson Sporting Goods.

“He Never Looked at Himself as an Afro-American” 5 His most important entrée into the white corporate world was with Hertz. Simpson was glad to speak for a company that was “Number One” and catered to business executives. As he dashed through the airport in a three-piece suit, he was not just an athlete but a businessman. The ads were hugely successful for Hertz, which increased its profits by 50 per cent, in the first year, and they made Simpson “10 times more identifiable than I was before,” he said. Hertz‟s marketing research showed that the white customer base was oblivious to Simpson‟s race, which was the way Simpson wanted it to be. “He wasn‟t trying to pass as a white person and he didn‟t espouse being a black person,” said Jerry Burgdoerfer, then Hertz‟s executive vice president for worldwide marketing. “He never looked at himself as an Afro-American. He never did. He only looked at himself as O.J. Simpson. Race was a non issue with him.” It is more likely that he saw his color and background as obstacles to overcome. An advertising executive who worked with Hertz recalled that “in the early days, O.J. had a real diction problem and was not as articulate as he is now. There were some takes that would come out with a black accent, a lower-class accent, that was not an educated way to speak.” Film crews would have to reshoot the ads because of this speech “problem,” said the ad executive. Simpson went to speech school and “worked at his intonation. He worked at his pronunciation of certain words,” said Mark Morris, another ad man who handled the Hertz account. “You had to slow him down a bit.” Simpson was eager to learn. He wanted to get every detail right and hated to be shown up in any way. Burgdoerfer recalls meeting Simpson for drinks at the Sherry Netherland Hotel in New York in the mid-‟70s. Simpson was in casual clothes; Burgdoerfer was dressed for dinner. Simpson excused himself and returned with a blazer, which he rarely shed thereafter. Hertz put Simpson through grinding days of nonstop meet-and-greets, press conferences, golf rounds, cocktail parties. He was coached to flatter, to whisper in the ears of clients spontaneous compliments about their third-quarter earnings. “He would literally sign autographs so much that he would have to get up and walk away because his hand would just cramp,” said Tom Elliott, a former Hertz public-relations man. “It was a very hectic schedule, but he never complained. He was polite through the whole thing. He never said, „This is a pain.‟” An ad executive recalls Simpson smiling and joking on the set as he hung all day long in a sling hat would help him “fly,” Superman-like, through airports. He loved being the focus of attention. If too few people noticed him entering a reception, he would intentionally raise his voice. But he did not forget that he was an outsider. Once, while working in a room full of executives at Christmastime, he noticed that the only other black person in the room was putting together toys for some of the guests‟ children. Simpson looked over at the man and joked, “Why are we the only two people working here?” On his Hertz tours, Simpson always made a point of giving high-fives to the garage crews and fat tips to the skycaps, just as he had given gold charm bracelets to the Buffalo Bills linemen who opened the holes for him during his record-breaking 2,003-yard season. At times the self-imposed pressure to keep it up weighed on Simpson. “He once told me that when you are labeled a superstar you must be a superstar everyday and in everything you do,” said John Fisher, the president of a sporting-goods company whose shoes O.J. endorsed. He felt he could not disappoint. Budd Thalman, the Buffalo Bills‟ PR man, recalled that when fans went up to him and asked him to attend their son‟s Little League banquet, he would respond, “Sure, just call Budd tomorrow.” Simpson “couldn‟t say no,” said Thalman. “He didn‟t want to upset people. Then the next morning he‟d say, „Budd, you got to get me out of this‟. He‟d let me be the bad guy.” Simpson was still having too much fun with celebrity to be guilty for long. Beverly Hills real-estate agent Elaine Young remembers Simpson‟s reaction when she sold him his “dream house” – 5,752 square feet, tennis court, swimming pool – in the late ‟70s. Simpson was so elated that he ran through every room of the house, singing. He decorated the house as a shrine, with his jerseys hanging in the living room, the Heisman Trophy on the mantel. Simpson also collected women. He had married his old girlfriend from San Francisco, Marguerite Whitley, during his first semester at Southern Cal in 1967. They had a daughter, Arnelle, the next year, and a son, Jason, two years later. Marguerite shied away from the spotlight and told reporters that O.J. was an old- fashioned guy who liked to have three square meals at home. She was being wishful. By 1973, she was privately asking for divorce. In 1975, the family stayed behind in California while O.J. played in Buffalo. Simpson had a strict double standard on philandering. In an unguarded interview in 1968, Marguerite described her husband as “a beast” who as a high-school student had not allowed other young men to talk to her. He, however, was free to roam. Marguerite later recalled an episode on a cross-country flight with her husband. A flight attendant, infatuated, asked Simpson if the woman sitting beside him was his wife. “Naw,” 6 he replied. “She‟s my sister.” Giggling, the attendant fell into his lap. “I have been shoved out of the way, pushed and stepped on by more than one beautiful woman,” said Marguerite. By then the on-again, off-again marriage, was being held together by PR men (literally: in 1975, Marguerite delayed filing for divorce because she feared the impact on Simpson‟s commercial appeal). Simpson was smug about his womanizing. “Groupies would have been a problem in my youth; when I was insecure and needed to prove something,” he told People magazine in 1977. “Now that I‟m older, let‟s say I‟m more selective. My wife knows I‟m under control.” Asked by a New York Daily News reporter the same year what he considered sexy in a woman, Simpson answered, “Health and innocence. California types. … I‟m in love with Farrah Fawcett- Majors‟ looks.” Nicole Brown, a nubile teenager from Dana Point, Calif., was close enough. Simpson met the 18- year-old homecoming princess in 1977 while she was waitressing at a Rodeo Drive disco, and they started dating immediately. He separated from Marguerite a year later – about the time he and Nicole began living together. Just as the divorce came through, O.J. and Marguerite‟s baby daughter, Aaren, drowned in their swimming pool. Simpson blamed Marguerite, and was quoted at the time as saying that he hadn‟t known his little girl very well. He later credited Nicole with helping him get through the transition from football to show business. After living together for six years, they were married in 1985 and had their first child eight months later. Blond, well dressed, she looked impressive on his arm as they arrived at a party in Beverly Hills or Brentwood. But not everyone was fooled. A black actress who worked with Simpson on the TV docu-drama “Roots” recalled seeing him around town “so happy-go-lucky with his young white wife, pretty clothes and fancy cars, all I could remember was the black wife I met him with years ago and how sad she looked then. That was a bubble bound to burst.” Simpson‟s world offered plenty of opportunities to wander. This was the Los Angeles of the mid-1980s and Simpson traveled with the lotus-eaters. According to several former and current pro athletes interviewed by NEWSWEEK, he was seen at decorous orgies where, as one source put it, “nobody stood around and watched.” Two sources also witnessed Simpson snorting cocaine at parties. There are conflicting reports about the level of his drug use – from occasional to regular. Nicole told friends that O.J.‟s problem was “severe” and that his moods swung with his dosage, from “jazzed” to down. Simpson‟s lawyer Robert Shapiro has denied that Simpson took drugs. There is no dispute about his appetite for women, usually white blondes. “I never saw O.J. connect with a sister,” said one NBA player who ran with Simpson on the party circuit. “Most womanizers I know go for any woman, but not O.J. – it was white or nothing.” Nicole was not shy herself, and she enraged O.J. by flirting with other men. Some accounts say she was brazen, almost taunting Simpson, but Nicole‟s friends say that she was just fighting back in the only way she knew how. The cycle escalated and became openly confrontational. The NBA player recalled a party at a beach house in Malibu: “O.J. was on his usual prowl and Nicole seemed to be cool about it for a while. Then she just snapped and went over to him and yelled „You aren‟t s--t,‟ along with some other choice words. The party was pretty low-key so it got everyone‟s attention. O.J. was really burning up and led her outside, but they left moments later.”

He Had to Have “the Upper Hand” Simpson‟s black friends were wary of Nicole, whom they regarded as a gold digger with “an attitude.” “I mean, from a black male‟s perspective, a woman – any woman – publicly yelling at you is just too much to deal with and very insulting,” said a pro-basketball player who often saw the two spar with each other at parties. Nicole threatened Simpson‟s desire for control. “I don‟t believe in equality in a relationship,” Simpson told an interviewer a decade ago. Someone, he said, had to have “the upper hand.” Simpson was losing control of more than his marriage by the mid-1980s. He had given up trying to be Dustin Hoffman. His new model in Hollywood was Clint Eastwood, an actor who had remade his own career by making his own movies. “To see a guy who virtually couldn‟t get work here become in a few years someone who can get all he can handle but has total control of what he does, now that is inspiring,” Simpson said of Eastwood early in 1980. Simpson tried to follow the model. In 1978, he had set up his own company. Orenthal Productions, to sell films to NBC, but after four successful made-for-TV movies, NBC didn‟t renew the contract, and Simpson left to join ABC, where he had a brief and unsuccessful stint on “Monday Night Football.” As a movie actor, Simpson was also beginning to fade. After an action flick called “Firepower” in 1979, it was five years before the next one – a woofer called “Hambone and Hillie,”

7 about a man and his dog. Simpson was still a familiar face on TV, as pitchman and sports commentator, but his purchase on fame was beginning to slip.

“He‟s Going to Kill Me! He‟s Going to Kill Me!” It is not clear when the first call to the police came. Good luck and some sloppiness by police, who tend to be deferential to celebrities in Los Angeles, allowed Simpson and his PR men to keep the ugly scenes out of the press. But from reports leaked last June, it‟s clear that Simpson shattered the windshield of Nicole‟s car with a baseball bat sometime in 1985. When the police arrived, Simpson blithely waved them away “It‟s my car,” he reportedly said. “I‟ll handle this. There‟s no problem here.” The now infamous 911 call at 3:30 a.m. on New Year‟s Day 1989 was harder to cover up. Nicole ran screaming from the house in her bra, yelling, “He‟s going to kill me! He‟s going to kill me!” Clinging to a policeman, she bitterly complained that she had called the police “eight times,” but “you never do anything about him, you talk to him then leave.” Simpson appeared outside, yelling, “I got two women and I don‟t want that woman in my bed anymore!” Then he tried to talk the cops out of arresting him. “You‟ve been out eight times before and now you‟re going to arrest me for this?” he scoffed. The police pointed to the bruises and cuts on his wife‟s face and told him to get dressed. Instead, he fled in his blue Bentley. Simpson eventually admitted to a “mutual wrestling-type altercation” and pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor count of spousal battery, for which he received a wrist-slap fine and a brief stint of community service. He wanted to avoid a trial; the photos of a battered Nicole would not look good in the tabloids. Life returned to normal, if his life can be called that. Hertz kept him on as a spokesman after Nicole, who had not wanted to press charges, told Hertz executives, “This is a case of the media picking on a celebrity. We‟ve never been more in love.” Friends chose to forget. An Orange County battered-women‟s advocate, Sandy Condello, knew about the incident, but she still asked O.J. if he would appear at a celebrity golf tournament to raise money for the cause. “He seemed genuinely appalled” by wife abuse, said Condello, “and so cordial and so charming.” It was a triumph of denial. He even offered to help, though –significantly, perhaps – never did. Simpson continued to struggle with the “twoness” described by W.E.B. Du Bois in “The Souls of Black Folk” nearly a century ago – the higher he reached for trappings of the white world, the more he distanced himself from his beginnings. Other blacks resented him for it. Simpson often appeared at tony charity events and had visited so many sick kids in the hospital that he began referring to himself as “the Angel of Death.” But he did not give much back to African-American causes. He would promise to appear at community centers or youth programs in South-Central Los Angeles, then bow out at the last moment. He spent far more time at the Riviera Country Club, an almost-all-white bastion of glitz (initiation fee: $75,000), where he spent long days playing gin rummy and golf with an assortment of old USC boosters and showbiz execs. “That whole golfing country-club s--t was really tripping,” said an NBA player who knows Simpson. “I mean, Barkley and Jordan do it, but when you follow them home, they still got En Vogue pumping on the stereo and ribs in the oven. O.J. really thought he was white.” At the same time, he had to put up with white condescension. Tom Kelly, a longtime Riviera member, recalled to The Washington Post how he would tease Simpson about USC‟s poor basketball teams. “I told O.J., “If you would just wander down into the ghetto and find a seven-foot-tall black kid who could get the benefit of a USC education! But you don‟t even know where blacks live anymore!” And O.J. would say, “You sonuvabitch!” O.J. would smile when he said that. “On the golf course, when someone makes a racial joke, if you get upset and angry it threatens your position in that world,” says Dr. Alvin Poussaint, professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. “It‟s a classic story in the history of our country. What‟s underneath the darkies‟ smile?” Simpson was trying to keep smiling. By 1992, he knew that he was never going to make it as an actor. “I don‟t consider myself an actor. I‟m a personality,” he told Sports Illustrated. He clung to the fact that, as he put it, “I‟m O.J., which means I‟m somebody today and the highlight of my career isn‟t behind me.” But his earning power was. Though he still earned a million dollars a year, he had made a series of bad loans and investments (the L.A. riots destroyed his profitable Pioneer Chicken franchise). Hertz was no longer featuring him in ads. Mostly, he was used to play golf with corporate clients. He was, at that moment, losing his proudest possession, his wife. Fed up with O.J.‟s abuse and his womanizing, she left Simpson in March of ‟92. 8 Simpson was beside himself when she began to date another man, Keith Zlomsowitch, an executive of the Mezzaluna restaurant chain. Simpson began to follow her. According to Zlomsowitch‟s grand jury testimony, on one occasion, he leaned over the table at a restaurant where Nicole and Zlomsowitch were having dinner and, staring hard announced, “I‟m O.J. Simpson and she‟s still my wife.” He followed the couple home and apparently peered through the window while they engaged in oral sex. “I watched you last night,” Simpson told Nicole. “I can‟t believe you would do that in this house. I watched you.” His jealous ranting showed up on another 911 tape on Oct. 25, 1993. Nicole had called the police after Simpson had kicked in the French doors at the back of the house. On the tape, Simpson‟s careful diction is gone. He taunts Nicole for calling the “police” and screams profanities at her. “He‟s going to beat the s--t out of me,” Nicole pleads with the operator. But she never pressed charges. A year earlier Nicole had called on psychologist Susan Forward, author of “Men Who Hate Women & the Women Who Love Them.” She complained that O.J. would “show up everywhere.” She would look out the window and he would be there in the bushes, sit down at a restaurant and see him staring across the room. Haltingly and tearfully, she curled up on Forward‟s couch as if she were “reliving” Simpson‟s blows. Forward advised her to cut off all contact with Simpson. But she couldn‟t. “It‟s the Stockholm syndrome*,” says Forward. She Had a „Deer Caught in the Headlights‟ Look In December of last year, Nicole stopped Cynthia Garvey, the ex-wife of Los Angeles Dodger first baseman Steve Garvey, at a shopping mall. “I admire how you‟ve raised your children,” Nicole said. She grabbed Garvey‟s sleeve and wouldn‟t let go. Garvey had written a book about being abused, and Nicole clearly wanted to talk. Nicole had a “deer caught in the headlights” look, Garvey says, and started to cry. Then she caught herself and her eyes darted around to see if anyone was watching her. She told Garvey that no one would believe her if she accused O.J. of beating her. Nicole was trying to put together her own life. She danced at discos and drove a Ferrari with the license plate L84AD8 – “Late for a date.” But her friends say that she was really a homebody who took care of her own children rather than rely on nannies like other Beverly Hills matrons. She was relieved to keep a messier house after O.J., who had been fastidious. Simpson continued to see other women, and even found a steady girlfriend in Paula Barbieri, a Victoria‟s Secret model, who, Simpson boasted, “looks like Julia Roberts.” Accustomed to being waited on, he told a reporter, “It‟s the first time I had to make concessions to another schedule, which is weird for me.” Barbieri surprised him with her independence. “At times she‟ll even direct the conversation,” he said. But he never stopped wanting Nicole back. At times over the past year, they briefly reconciled, but in May they broke off again. Nicole apparently meant it this time; she returned a sapphire-and-diamond bracelet, and vowed to stop taking gifts from Simpson. On the afternoon of June 12, Simpson flirted with a Playboy Playmate of the Month, Traci Adell, whom he had called after seeing her in a centerfold. He told her that he was weary and needed a break. He did not have much to look forward to. The next day he was scheduled to play another round of golf with Hertz clients at the Mission Hills Country Club outside Chicago. In the afternoon he went to see one of his daughters in a dance recital, but he did not speak to Nicole, and he was not invited to their celebratory dinner at Mezzaluna. Instead, he got in his Rolls-Royce and drove to McDonald‟s. What he did over the next few hours will be revealed by a murder trial. Simpson, who seemed stunned and depressed in the days after the murder, is feeling better, according to a close friend. He even cracked a joke when he called the friend from prison by telephone. “Knock knock,” said Simpson. “Who‟s there?” asked the friend. “O.J.” “O.J. who?” asked the friend. “You‟re on the jury!” said Simpson with a laugh. It was already an old joke, and a sad one from the man who spent his whole life trying to make people remember his name.

* Stockholm Syndrome – an emotional bond between the hostages and their captors which is frequently observed when the hostages are held for a long time under emotionally straining circumstances. The name derives from the instance when it was first publicly noted, when a group of hostages was held by robbers in a Stockholm bank for five days. 9 Translation Practice a) Provide Russian contextual equivalents for the following expressions from the text: to give an inspirational chat; relentless ambition and savvy; to cash in with smb; grinding days of nonstop meet-and-greets; to shy away from the spotlight; square meals; to be shoved out of the way by smb; to be smug about one’s womanizing; to be a bubble bound to burst; moods swung with one’s dosage from “jazzed” to down; an action flick; a woofer; pitchman; his purchase on fame was beginning to slip; to pick on a celebrity; to give much back to something; glitz; boosters and showbiz execs; to cling to the fact; to feature somebody in ads; to have “a deer caught in the headlights” look; haltingly and tearfully; to direct the conversation; to break off; centerfold; dance recital. b) Provide English contextual equivalents for the following expressions from the text: странное желание; болеть рахитом; кривые ноги; угождать, стараться доставить удовольствие; одобрить, поддержать; напряженный график; актер эпизодических ролей; бесстыдный, наглый; ликовать; вступительный взнос; отказываться в последний момент; домосед; сделать несколько неудачных вложений; вызывать искреннее отвращение; поклясться сделать что-либо; постоянная девушка; пошутить.

Text B Looking Forward to Being Nicole By Paul O’Donnell and Patricia King

In the tabloids, she‟s been portrayed as a man-baiter, a pill popper, an air-headed party girl who flitted around L.A. in a white Ferrari. Her friends remember a mom in a Jeep Cherokee sticky from slurping children. Though she liked to work up a sweat on the dance floor and drink tequila, “Her kids were the most important thing in her life,” said her friend Ron Hardy. O.J.‟s pals saw someone else – “a typical blonde with more attitude than brains,” said one. “Nicole could eat ground glass for breakfast,” quipped another who met her soon after she had started dating O.J. Whoever the real Nicole was, the colliding impressions suggest that O.J.‟s double life also made her a walking contradiction. She was swept up in O.J.‟s life before she could really start her own. Born in Germany, Nicole grew up a suburban kid in Orange County, Calif. She clicked with southern California teendom; in high school she bummed the beaches clocking time with college guys. When she met O.J., the superstar quickly became the dominant fact of her existence – and she molded herself to his. “She looked like a Barbie doll, drop- dead gorgeous, but could wait on him hand and foot and have his children,” said Patricia Rose, later a close friend. Her family had early misgivings about the interracial relationship, but O.J. charmed them, too, and eventually gave her father a job. With O.J., Nicole entered a dazzling world of wealth, travel and partying in the überculture of celebrities, though the price was putting up with his wandering eye, his rancorous jealousy, and his violence. Most of her friends didn‟t know the seriousness of the abuse, but they recognized that she was under pressure. “Nicole had to be perfect, and even when she was perfect, she wasn‟t perfect enough,” said Rose, who told Nicole that her own husband had an “anger-management problem”. Nicole also feared that O.J. was too critical of their daughter, Sydney, 8. Sometimes the strain broke through. Several years ago Nicole pounced from a Mercedes as O.J. window-shopped with two women on Rodeo Drive. “She was just ballistic. We were scared to death,” says Jennifer Young, one of the women. Early last year Nicole and Rose started seeing the same West Hollywood therapist; he suggested that Nicole was inviting O.J.‟s jealous abuse with her body language. She dropped out of the group – only after 14 expensive sessions. In 1992, she had turned for help to battered-women specialist Susan Forward. But she quit after their second meeting. Forward had urged her to cut off all contact with O.J., and Nicole couldn‟t bear to. Friends can‟t be sure whether it was the violence or the women that finally prompted her to divorce him. But even when she left, she didn‟t go far – her Brentwood town house was two miles away and there were still more reconciliation attempts. In the weeks before her death, Nicole seemed determined to halt even those. But O.J. wasn‟t going to make it easy. He threatened to report her to the IRS for not paying capital gains on last year‟s of her San Francisco condo, NEWSWEEK has learned; thinking it would solve her tax problems, she put her Brentwood place up for rent in early June – three days before her death. “Look at this guy. He wants his kids‟ mother to go to jail,” she fumed to Cora Fischman, her jogging buddy. She was building a new life – jogging up to 25 miles a week and enjoying being noticed as Nicole, not Mrs. O.J. Simpson, said Fischman. Nicole scaled back her shopping, joked about her “budget” and dated other men. Though the tabloids have screamed about

10 “handsome hunks” since her death, those were passing flings. “It was a testing of the waters,” said Hardy. “She was looking forward to being Nicole.” She never got the chance.

The Simpson Case A look at legal strategy. Was it a who-done-it or a why-did-he-do-it? When – and if – O.J. Simpson stood trial for the slayings of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman, that was the central question. Simpson pleaded not guilty to two charges of first-degree murder. Initially there were no eyewitnesses (some questioned the legal value of the testimony of one woman who said she had seen Simpson near the crime scene, as she reportedly sold her story) and no murder weapon. And prosecutors denied the existence of a bloody ski mask, the rumored evidence of premeditation. Passion defense. But it was too early. Potentially damaging forensic evidence reportedly continued to surface. Simpson‟s lawyers might have opted, legal experts said, for a “crime of passion” defense, a favorite of batterers allegedly turned murderous. In that defense, the defendant is often portrayed as a long- suffering partner who finally snaps. Because battered women are often too frightened to file charges, a pattern of violence is rarely provable. Simpson‟s 1989 arrest for spousal battery and the 911 calls in 1993, after he apparently bashed in a door at Nicole Simpson‟s house, were provoking. But lawyers said the viciousness of the assault and his behavior after he had been charged – his suicidal note, freeway flight and despondency – could bolster a crime-of-passion defense. The law said jurors must believe that a crime-of-passion killer‟s actions had been those of a “reasonable man”. But in the case of someone as celebrated as O.J. Simpson, experts warned, jurors were inclined to lean over backward to give him a break. That possibility wasn‟t lost on Los Angeles District Attorney Gil Garcetti, who spent much time trying to peel away Simpson‟s football-hero veneer. Even so, Simpson was getting more than 100 letters a day in jail. Garcetti halted release of more police tapes or records in the case to avoid the appearance of trying Simpson‟s case in the press. A judge stopped the work of a grand jury for fear its decisions had been influenced by the massive press coverage. That all meant the real legal battle over Simpson‟s fate took place in court in public.

Follow up Simpson was acquitted of the murder of Nicole Simpson and Goldman after a lengthy, highly publicized criminal trial. In 1997, a default judgment against Simpson was awarded for their wrongful deaths in civil court by a jury, but to date he has paid little of the $33.5 million judgment due to California law that prevents pensions from being used to satisfy judgments. He gained further notoriety in late 2006 when he wrote a book titled If I Did It. The book, which purports to be a first-person fictional account of the murder had he actually committed it, was withdrawn by the publisher just before its release. If I Did It ignited a storm of pre-publication controversy, largely due to the perception that Simpson was trying to profit from the two deaths for which he had been found liable. Even before the civil trial, there had been considerable public sentiment that Simpson had gotten away with murder. A source cited by The National Enquirer described the If I Did It's account of the double murder as "so detailed and chillingly realistic – with O.J. as the central figure – that it leaves no doubt it is a confession of what really happened." The book was later released by the Goldman family and the title of the book was expanded to If I Did It: Confessions of the Killer. In September 2007, Simpson faced more legal troubles as he was arrested in Las Vegas, Nevada and subsequently charged with numerous felonies, including robbery with a deadly weapon, burglary with a firearm, assault with a deadly weapon, first-degree kidnapping with use of a deadly weapon (which carries possible life sentence), coercion with use of a deadly weapon, conspiracy to commit robbery, conspiracy to commit kidnapping, and conspiracy to commit a crime. He was found guilty of all charges on October 3, 2008, the exact anniversary of the day in 1995 in which Simpson was cleared of the horrendous double murder. He was sentenced to a minimum of 9 years imprisonment for the kidnapping charge, as well as other charges and convictions that rendered concurrent prison sentences. On December 5, 2008 Simpson was sentenced to a total of 33 years in prison with the possibility of parole in about 9 years. On September 4, 2009, the Nevada Supreme Court denied a request for bail during Simpson's appeal. In October 2010, the Nevada Supreme Court affirmed his convictions. He is now serving his sentence as Nevada Department of

11 Corrections inmate #1027820 at the Lovelock Correctional Center. Here is a couple of the multitude of jokes about O.J.‟s persona:

1. Q: Did you hear about the new O.J. Simpson breakfast special? A: It's eggs, steak and prune juice. First, you beat it, then you stab it with a knife, then you get the runs.

2. Q: What is O.J.'s favorite song? A: 'I Used to Love Her But I Had to Kill Her' by Guns 'n' Roses. 'Communication Breakdown' by Led Zeppelin 'Run to the Hills' by Iron Maiden

3. "O.J. is back on the loose. He was released on a $125,000 bail today in Las Vegas. O.J. has been charged with 10 felonies, including robbery with a deadly weapon and kidnapping. He could get life in prison for all this. Isn't that something? You kill two people, you get nothing – but steal your own football jersey, you go away for life.” Jimmy Kimmel

4. "O.J. Simpson's lawyer objected to O.J. being held without bail. He said if he was anyone besides O.J., he would have been released by now. If he was anyone but O.J., he'd be serving life for double murder right now." Jay Leno

5. Q: Did you hear about the new Hertz commercial? A: O.J. is seen running through the airport, jumping over seats and babies in strollers, to catch his plane for Chicago. The rental agent is frantically running after him yelling, "Mr. Simpson, Mr. Simpson, you forgot your bloody glove!"

Translation Practice a) Provide Russian contextual equivalents for the following expressions from the text: a man-baiter; a pill-popper; an air-headed party girl; a walking contradiction; to clock time with smb; to click with smb; drop-dead gorgeous; to have misgivings about interracial relationship; to give smb a break; to report smb to the IRS; capital gains on smb’s incomes; a testing of the waters; to bolster a “crime of passion” defense; to gain further notoriety; to get away with murder; coercion; conspiracy to commit robbery; to ignite a storm of pre-publication contoversy. b) Provide English contextual equivalents for the following expressions from the text: противоречивое впечатление; сократить; место преступления; орудие убийства; преднамеренный характер преступления; показания; судебные улики; пожизненное заключение; оправдать (2); признать виновным (2); с правом помилования; признание подсудимого виновным; обжалование приговора; отбывать срок.

Comprehension and Discussion Guide 1. What facts from O.J.’s life lead to believe that he was potentially capable of committing a murder? 2. Are there (m)any obvious and hidden social and psychological reasons for his violence? The two most obvious ones? a) Is it in any way rooted in his childhood? to grow up in a black ghetto; a poor housing project; poor, abandoned at the age of 5 by his father; to suffer from rickets; a calcium and vitamin D deficit; to steal food from warehouses; a member of a gang; to do a pretty good amount of fighting; to be always in trouble; to get whupped by his mother with anything she could find (a belt, a bottle). b) Was he sensitive to his colour, though he never admitted it? Aren’t all black people, after a long history of slavery and oppression? “being black is a non-issue with him”; to be oblivious to one‟s colour; to use one‟s skin to one‟s advantage; to become vogue (1974); to play the race card. c) BUT: can we say that it is more likely that he saw his colour and background as obstacles to overcome? to try to pass as a white person; not to espouse being a black person. d) How did he try to overcome those obstacles, to become “more white”? 12 an effort to rise above the race; to have a diction problem; not to be as articulate as now; black accent; not educated, a lower class accent; to have to reshoot the ads; to have to go to speech school to work at one‟s intonation and pronunciation of certain words; not to wear casual clothes; choice of college – revealing; black athletes stood out; real addiction – white women (blondes). e) Did he maintain any ties with his own “brothers” and “sisters”? not to give much back to the African-American cause; not to get involved; “The higher he reached the trappings of the white world, the more he distanced himself from his beginnings”; to resent smb; not black enough; to be selling out; to land/to wind up in a gilded no man‟s land. f) Did he realise he was an outsider in the white world? to put up with white condescension; “On the golf course when someone makes a racial joke, if you get upset or angry, it threatens your position in that world.” (Harvard, Professor of Psychiatry, Medical School); “What‟s underneath the darkies‟ smile. It‟s a classic story.” 3. Is O.J.’s story one of the classic success stories which symbolise the notorious “American democracy”? a) Who inspired O.J. Simpson to overtly challenge his race and set out to win the world of white success? a famous baseball player; to give an inspirational chat; to stay out of trouble; to be impressed by smb‟s mansion in an affluent part of town; to sign autographs; to be a gifted athlete; to run the 100 in 9.9 seconds at high school; to watch with envy and (admiration) fascination. b) What did he aspire to achieve in life? to make a great career as a ballplayer; second-great footballer in US history; to enjoy fame and popularity; to have a relentless ambition; to dream to become as good an actor as Dustin Hoffman, Clint Eastwood; a TV personality; to follow the model; the revealing choice of the USC – a considerable TV profile; strong connections to Hollywood. c) What helped him to become a famous public persona? Personal qualities? a big time co-operator; socialyzer; smooth talker; a smiley face; personal charm; charisma; always smiling; everybody‟s buddy; a happy-go-lucky guy; to be juiced up; always moving around, on the move; to prize discipline; a perfectionist; to look ahead; to anticipate eventualities not to lose fame d) What are the component parts of his success? a great footballer; a TV and Hollywood celebrity, actor, producer, businessman; а “dream house” – 5,752 square feet; a member of a fashionable country club (“Rivera Country Club”) – an almost all-white bastion of glitz; initiation fee $75,000; to be a spokesman of Hertz, the Number One company; to play long hours with Hertz clients and business execs‟; a high lifer; pretty clothes; fancy cars, golf rounds; cocktail parties; a dazzling world of wealth, travel and partying; to earn $ 1 million a year; to have an array of rich and famous friends; grinding days of nonstop meets-and-greets; to sign autographs so that his hand would cramp; a white wife – his proudest possession. e) But wasn't it in a way a self-delusion on his part, that equality of races? Or was it sort of a hidden inferiority complex rooted in his colour and background that made him run that "Superstar marathon" all his life to prove he was someone he really wasn't? self-imposed pressure; a bubble bound to burst. 4) O.J.’s public image was at variance with his real self, wasn’t it? What was his real self? Was he “the face man”? Did he lead a double life? “twoness”, to create a more pleasing self, to disguise one‟s inner life, to keep up the façade, to hide one‟s real identity; to build up false images; to be the “face” man. His public image: to be warm/ congenial/ cordial/ charming/ gracious; a smiley/ joking/ polite face; a happy-go-lucky guy; to be coached to flatter clients; to whisper compliments in smb‟s ears; a Superstar, a Hall of Famer and everybody‟s buddy; to give high-fives to smb; to give fat tips to smb; to be the “good guy”; not to be able to say “no” to anybody; to drink an occasional beer with Hertz execs; to be a model family man; to be genuinely appalled by wife abuse. His real self: in real fact; to cruise bars; to indulge in drugs and random sex; to be on the prowl; to be free to roam; wild parties; decorous orgies; to travel with the lotus-eaters; wandering eye; to womanize, to philander; to be loose, unlaced in matters of sex; to be selective; sexy girls, healthy and innocent; California type blondes; a strict double standard on philandering; rancorous/ranting jealousy; a “beast” (1st wife). 5. Was violence part of his double life? a) Who initiated the divorce in his first marriage? to look sad; to privately work for a divorce; to delay the divorce; to fear the impact on his commercial appeal. b) O.J. was a person who went out of his way to please everybody, wasn’t he? But what sort of person was he at 13 home? to serve his masters and their clients as best he could; to be a dictator, a tyrant at home; fastidious about how the house was kept; a perfectionist; no matter how hard Nicole tried to be perfect, she was never perfect enough for him; to wait on smb hand and foot; a homebody; to be under constant pressure; to take care of the children; to womanize; drug addiction, a severe problem; his moods swung with his dosage from “jazzed” to down; to beat; to break the windshield of one‟s car; to kick in; to scream profanities at smb; bruises and cuts; the strain, to break through; to have a deer in the headlights look. c) Did Nicole’s resistance provoke O.J. to be still more aggressive? to become openly confrontational; ballistic; to snap; to fight back; to flirt. d) What was the motivation O.J. Simpson offered? “I‟m O.J. Simpson and she‟s still my wife”; desire for power and control; to look down on women; impudent and conceited; “I don‟t believe in equality in a relationship. Someone has to have the upper hand”; a steady girlfriend; “It‟s the first time I had to make concessions to another schedule. At times she‟ll even direct a conversation.”; to be surprised with one‟s independence. 7. Why didn’t Nicole press charges against him? Was she sure nobody would believe if she accused him of beating her? Did she cover him up? Why? “This is a case of the media picking on a celebrity. We‟ve never been more in love.” 8. How did she try to solve the problem? to go to a psychologist/ psychotherapist; to relive the blows; to advise to cut off contact with smb; couldn‟t bear to break with smb; the Stockholm syndrome; an on-again, off-again marriage; to make reconciliation attempts; to want smb back. 9. How long did the violence last? When did Nicole first call the police? 10. Why did he get off free for so long? sloppiness by the police; to be deferential to celebrities in Los Angeles; to allow one‟s PR men to keep the ugly scenes out of the press; to leak from reports; to shatter the windshield of Nicole‟s car; to blithely wave the police away: “It‟s my car, I‟ll handle it.” 11. On what particular occasion was it harder to cover up? to hush up the matter. 12. O.J. finally had to admit to a mutual wrestling type altercation and pleaded guilty to a misdemeanour count of spousal battery. How was he penalized for it? a celebrity and justice; to receive a wrist-slap fine; a brief stint of community service; to avoid trial. 13. Nicole finally left him, but he would go after her, wouldn’t he? Why? to try to put one‟s life together; to build a new life; to have a steady girlfriend; to call the police; to kick in the doors; bruises and cuts on one‟s face; to be arrested. 14. How long was the trial held? What was the verdict? What impact did it have on the American society? Why do the majority of the white Americans question the justice of the verdict? Has the racial problem been solved or is it still an acute problem always ready to explode in America?

Vocabulary Exercises

Ex. 1. Match the words and word combinations in the left column with the correct definition in the right column. 1. to go ballistic a) a situation in which two people, countries etc become friendly with each other again after quarrelling 2. to snap b) to suddenly become very angry 3. a crime of passion c) pleasant in a way that makes you feel comfortable and relaxed 4. propensity d) a way of behaving that hides your real feelings 5. fastidious e) a short noisy argument 6. congenial f) a short and not very serious relationship 7. happy-go-lucky g) offensive words or religious words used in a way that shows you do not respect 14 God or holy things 8. façade h) to say something quickly in an angry way 9. profanities i) a crime, especially murder, caused by sexual jealousy

10. reconciliation j) not knowing about or not noticing something that is happening around you 11. to mold k) to suddenly move forward and attack someone or something, after waiting to attack them 12. altercation l) a natural tendency to behave in a particular way 13. fling m) giving and careful attention to detail; hard to please; excessively concerned with cleanliness 14. to pounce n) enjoying life and not worrying about things 15. oblivious o) to fit closely to the shape of something, or to make something fit closely Ex. 2. Match the attribute (A) and the verb (B) on the left with nouns or phrases on the right, making use of the focus vocabulary. Use each word only once. walking jealousy colliding pressure passing contradiction rancorous orgies misdemeanor count death self-imposed impressions stabbing of spousal battery decorous flings

B to keep up a double standard on to indulge profanities to have charges against to have ballistic to scream nationally to go the upper hand to be televised the façade to press to create to set out in drugs

Ex. 3. Read the text below and fill each blank with suitable words or word combinations in the box.

indelible images battered women chilling message coverage positive signs to convict battering men physically abused wife-beating an abuser domestic abuse issue endure criminal justice system batterer treatment devastating beat me heightened awareness batterers Violence Against Women domestic violence

The Simpson trial made the nation think about 1) … . The Simpson acquittal may make 2) … think they can get away with it, some domestic violence victims and experts say. In the 16 months since Nicole

15 Brown Simpson's murder, revelations that her husband 3) … her have drawn unprecedented attention to the national problem of domestic violence. Such 4) … is bound to help some of the estimated 2 million women a year who 5) … domestic violence and the 1,500 women a year who die from it. "At least Nicole left us with something, which is this issue coming out to the public," says Sabrina, a conference manager in suburban Washington, D.C. In 1994, Congress passed the 6) … Act. Then local laws were passed that "without the Simpson case would have gotten lost," experts say. A year ago, attorney Gloria Allred predicted this case would "be to the 7) … what Anita Hill was to sexual harassment. It forces the nation to debate." But during the trial, advocates for battered women say testimony about O.J. Simpson's 8) … was buried and largely disregarded. Simpson juror Brenda Moran seemed to confirm that view Oct. 4, 1995. Moran called it "a waste of time" that the prosecution depicted Simpson as 9) … and played a 911 tape of him shouting as his wife begged for help. Although the Simpson case "did increase awareness of 10) … overall, it also may send a message that would be 11) … to battered women," says Olga Becker, associate director of the Chicago Abused Women Coalition. "They may conclude the 12) … can't or won't protect them." And violent men may take the verdict to mean, "We can do anything and society isn't going 13) … us," says Joan Zorza of the National Center on Women and Family Law. When the case opened, news 14) … of domestic violence was abundant, a lot of women called hot lines, called police or sought restraining orders saying they feared ending up "like Nicole." In 15) … groups, therapists heard some men acknowledge their Jekyll-and-Hyde behavior for the first time. While the case shed an intimidating light on many16) …, it also furnished some with a threat: "I'll O.J. you." But experts see 17) … . "Major professional groups in the United States now see we have to work together," says Roberta Cooper Ramo, president of the American Bar Association. "If a woman walks into my office and says, 'My husband 18) … but I don't think I can get a conviction because of the O.J. case,' I'd tell her, 'That case has no bearing on the likelihood of your success. It's an outlier; it's a freak." Still, the nation comes away with 19) … of Nicole Simpson's battered face - and no murderer behind bars. Susan Forward, Nicole Simpson's one-time counselor, fears that sends a 20) … . "People will think (that) if you can get away with murder, you can sure as hell get away with beating your wife." Ex.4. Choose the correct option from the list that follows. Shelley Levitt: "There were, after all, many witnesses to the 1) … in the Simpson marriage. Dr. Susan Forward, Nicole's therapist, claims: “She 2) … incessantly, regularly, all the time. I'm not saying 24 hours a day, but the 3) … of battering were extraordinarily high." Friends and family members say O.J. 4) … Nicole in bars and restaurants. Neighbors heard him screaming threats and 5) … . The Brown family saw photographs of her battered face following the 6) … 1989 New Year's Day beating. The police, answering her 911 calls, saw a beaten and frightened Nicole and had no doubt that O.J. was her 7) … . "One of the most amazing things to me when you study the Simpson case is that it appeared 8) … failed at every level," says San Diego deputy city attorney Casey Gwinn, who runs that city's domestic violence 9) … . "Police didn't write reports when they went to the house. Simpson was not put in 10) … . Friends and family didn't 11) … him." Even before Nicole Brown and O.J. Simpson married, there were red warning flags in their 12) … marriage. Hopefully, Nicole's story will help women in 13) … situations to recognize and break the 14) … of violence. Nicole's sister, Denise Brown, since her sister‟s death has waged an unrelenting campaign in 15) … domestic abuse, including promoting 16) … and education, and lobbying in Congress for more legislative support. She says that her goal is "to break the 14) … of violence, that often starts with 17) … and emotional abuse, and escalates into 18) … abuse ..." And while it claims countless women's lives, it remains a 19) … secret, she adds. Worst of all, Brown added, is the number of children who 20) … the abuse, thereby continuing the 14) … of violence. 1. a) disorderly conduct b) maltreatment c) abuse 2. a) was struck b) was battered c) was hit 3. a) cases b) incidents c) occasions 4. a) humiliated b) punished c) abased

5. a) curses b) ribaldry c) obscenities 6. a) shameful b) infamous c) disgraceful 7. a) culprit b) perpetrator c) tormentor 8. a) intervention b) interference c) assistance 9. a) place b) task force c) unit 16 10. a) prison b) jail c) custody 11. a) confront b) oppose c) speak out against 12. a) hapless b) tragic c) horrendous

13. a) abusive b) unlucky c) complicated

14. a) circle b) cycle c) circus 15. a) struggling with b) combating c) fighting

16. a) awareness b) knowledge c) competence

17. a) speech b) verbal c) swear

18. a) physical b) body c) corporal

19. a) dramatic b) silent c) hidden

20. a) witness b) observe c) notice

Ex.5. Fill in prepositions where necessary. The strategy of Simpson's defense team, called the "Dream Team" 1) … the media, was to undermine the prosecution's evidence concerning motive, suggest Simpson was physically incapable 2) … committing the crime, raise doubts 3) … the prosecution's timeline, and finally to suggest that the key physical evidence 4) … Simpson was either contaminated or planted, or both. On July 10, 1995, Simpson's daughter Arnelle took 5) … the stand as the first defense witness. She would be followed by Simpson's sister and his mother, Eunice Simpson. 6) … the time Simpson's mother finished her testimony, it was apparent 7) … some courtroom observers that jury members were showing more empathy 8) … the Simpson family than 9) … the families of the victims. As successful as it turned 10) … to be, the defense effort was not 11) … its own miscalculations. After Simpson's doctor, Robert Huizenga, testified that O. J. – 12) … looking like Tarzan – was 13) … about as good of a condition as "Tarzan's grandfather" and suffered 14) … arthritis and other problems, the prosecution produced a video taken shortly before the murders. The video showed Simpson leading demanding physical exercises. Especially embarrassing 15) … the defense was a quip 16) … the tape from Simpson as he performed an exercise that consisted 17) … part of punching his arms 18) … and 19) … . Simpson suggested people might try this workout "with the wife." The most talked-about aspect of the defense case undoubtedly concerned Mark Fuhrman, the officer who had found the bloody glove and who, as a prosecution witness, denied using the word "nigger." It appeared that Fuhrman had used "the n word" – many times – and it was 20) … tape. Laura Hart McKinny, an aspiring screenwriter from North Carolina, had hired Fuhrman to consult 21) … her 22) … police issues 23) … a script she was writing. McKinny taped her interviews 24) … Fuhrman, who not only used the offensive racial slur, but disclosed that he had sometimes planted evidence to help secure convictions. Needless to say, the defense wanted the jury to hear selected portions of her tapes. Judge Ito, somewhat reluctantly, allowed the defense evidence. Ito's decision opened the door 25) … the defense to offer its rather fantastic theory that Fuhrman took a glove 26) … the Bundy crime scene, rubbed it 27) … Nicole's blood, then took it 28) … Rockingham to drop outside Kaelin's bedroom so as to frame Simpson. It may not, however, have been Fuhrman, but rather a soft-spoken Chinese-American forensic expert named Henry Lee that won Simpson his acquittal. Lee had solid credentials, smiled 29) … the jury, and provided what seemed to be a plausible justification 30) … questioning the prosecution's key physical evidence. Lee raised doubts 31) … blood splatter demonstrations, his suggestion that shoe print evidence suggested more than one assailant, and his simple conclusion 32) … the prosecution's DNA tests: "Something's wrong." He might have, as Christopher Darden speculated 33) … the trial, been the person who gave the jury "permission" to do what they wanted to do anyway: acquit Simpson. Jury forewoman, Amanda Cooley, called Lee "a very impressive gentleman." Another juror agreed, describing Lee 34) … "the most credible witness," a person who "had a lot of impact 35) … a lot of people."

17 Ex. 6. Give the English equivalents of the following words and phrases. a) избиение детей и жены; жертва избиения; вести двойную жизнь; производить ложное впечатление; поддерживать видимость; прятать истинное лицо (2 вар.); противоречивые впечатления; самообман; иметь двойные стандарты по отношению к; волочиться за женщинами (3 вар.); ходить по барам; короткие романы; склонность; спорить друг с другом; говорить колкости, дразнить; резко сказать, сорваться; маниакальная ревность; преступление на почве ревности; взрываться, выходить из себя; быть вне себя от ярости; оскорблять (2 вар.); примирение; заколоть; сорвать маску. b) транслировать на широкую аудиторию; установить, что убийство было совершено в 9 часов вечера; возбуждать иск; выдвинуть обвинение (2); обвинять по двум статьям в совершении умышленного убийства при отягчающих обстоятельствах; пункт обвинительного акта о совершении преступления, не представляющего большой общественной опасности; тяжелое уголовное преступление; арестовать по обвинению в убийстве; сдаться в полицию; сделать официальное заявление о своей невиновности; быть освобожденным под залог; вызвать в суд; вызвать в суд для предъявления официального обвинения; поместить в одиночную камеру; объявить в розыск; признать себя виновным в избиении супруги; небрежность полиции; отделаться незначительным штрафом; краткий срок общественных работ; важные улики, свидетельствующие о возможном участии в преступлении; отменить слушание дела коллегией присяжных, решающих вопрос о предании обвиняемого суду присяжных; предварительное судебное слушание дела; предписать передать дело в суд; принять судебное решение в пользу истца вследствие неявки ответчика; признать виновным; обвинительный приговор; осужденный; оправдать; оправдательный приговор; сговор о совершении преступления. Ex. 7. Translate the following text from Russian into English: 23 января 1995 года в окружном суде Лос-Анджелеса начался судебный процесс, который был назван одним из самых громких во всей истории юриспруденции США и широко освещался в прессе. Знаменитый американский футболист и актѐр О.Джей Симпсон был обвинѐн в убийстве первой степени своей бывшей жены Николь Браун Симпсон и еѐ приятеля Рональда Голдмана. Это было самое затяжное судебное разбирательство в истории Калифорнии (более девяти месяцев), где такого рода преступления предусматривают смертную казнь. Подозреваемый встречался с Николь Браун начиная с 1977 года, ещѐ будучи в браке с первой женой. Отношения с новой супругой они оформили спустя несколько лет, в 1985 году, а в 1992 году О.Джей и Николь развелись. Известно, что в 1989 году Николь обращалась в полицию, так как О.Джей угрожал убить еѐ. Когда полицейский наряд приехал в дом Симпсонов, Николь была сильно избита. Позднее она сняла свое обвинение, и власти не смогли привлечь мужа к ответственности. Двойное убийство было совершено поздно вечером 12 июня 1994 года в бывшем доме Симпсонов. В тот вечер экс-супруга спортсмена Николь Браун Симпсон ужинала в ресторане. Она, по версии следствия, забыла там свои очки и еѐ знакомый официант Рональд Гольдман завѐз очки домой Николь. Оба были заколоты профессиональным ножом германского производства, который подозреваемый купил за три недели до трагедии. Полиция установила, что Николь Браун Симпсон и Рональд Гольдман были убиты в период с 22:00 до 23:00 часов. На допросе подозреваемый показал, что в момент убийства был якобы в 3 километрах и 200 метрах от места преступления, в своѐм доме. Вечером того же дня были обнаружены улики, указывающие на возможную причастность Симпсона к совершенному преступлению: пятна крови, которая по своей группе была идентична группе крови самого Симпсона на дорожке к дому Николь, окровавленная перчатка на правую руку в саду его дома (левая при этом подобрана сыщиками на месте преступления). Адвокаты убедили подозреваемого сдаться полиции добровольно в 11 утра 17 июня. Около сотни репортѐров собрались у здания полицейского участка. Но подозреваемый не появился. В тот же день, 17 июня Симпсон и его друг Аль Коулингс пытались тайно уехать из города. В 2 часа дня полиция объявила Симпсона в розыск. С 18:50 телевидение включило прямую трансляцию погони. Симпсона не решились задержать, поскольку он приставил к своей голове пистолет и угрожал самоубийством. Через несколько часов, когда Симпсон прибыл к дому своей матери, полиции удалось уговорить его выйти из машины, и он был взят под стражу в 20:45. 18 июня его поместили в одиночную камеру центральной окружной мужской тюрьмы, где он находился до суда. В камере он находился под круглосуточным наблюдением, чтобы исключить возможное самоубийство. 20 июня Симпсону было предъявлено официальное обвинение в убийстве в суде. Он сделал заявление о своей невиновности. Предварительное следствие по этому делу 18 продолжалось более полугода и за это время было собрано достаточно доказательств вины Симпсона. Эти доказательства были предъявлены суду присяжных, который открылся 23 января 1995 года в Лос-Анджелесе. То, что обвиняемый афро-американец, а жертвы  белые, изначально придавало делу расовый акцент. Защита настаивала на версии, согласно которой имел место сговор полицейских «из-за расистских убеждений». Присяжные вынесли оправдательный вердикт. Согласно опросу, проведенному в день завершения процесса 3 октября 1995 года, 73 % граждан США были согласны с обвинением, а 27 %  были против: статистика отражает тогдашнее соотношение между белым большинством и цветным меньшинством. День оглашения оправдательного вердикта  3 октября 1995 года  стал, по мнению журналистов «праздником для всей чернокожей Америки». В 1997 году Симпсон проиграл гражданский суд по тем же обвинениям, на котором ему было предписано выплатить семье погибшего Рона Голдмана 33,5 миллиона долларов. В 2007 году подозреваемый опубликовал книгу под названием «Если бы я сделал это», которая, по мнению многих, являлась признанием Симпсона в совершении двойного убийства.

Integrated Discourse Skills Development

I. Monologue Discourse Modeling

1. Individual Work: Prepare a speech for the prosecution or the defense of O.J. Simpson (there is a sample of the speech at the end of the unit). Compose a written plan to arrange the main ideas logically for further reference. Frame your presentation according to the following key points. a) Pick out a topically related position / profession; think of a way to introduce yourself. b) Make a careful study of the topical materials and vocabulary (basic and supplementary texts, self-done research). Formulate a clear-cut message you are going to communicate to the audience and sort out the relevant and additional information in a logical order to develop the main idea. c)* Define your personal attitude to the main topic and its possible interpretation in the context of the selected role; note the degree to which your subjective view of the problem can and will influence your discourse (any implicit submessages, personal implications, etc.). d) Decide on the means of argumentation you will resort to in your speech (appeal to emotions, to logical reasoning), techniques to move the audience (rhetorical questions, direct address, inclusive we, parallel constructions, exclamatory sentences, etc.). Estimate the length of the presentation. Choose an appropriate tone (matter-of-fact, dramatic, serious, pessimistic, lyrical, etc.). e) Thoroughly plan the manner of your presentation. Apply a variety of oratory skills to make your speech more audience-oriented and observe the factors of convincingness and emotivity (intonation, speech tempo, pausation, gestures, posture, etc.), the use of audio-visual aids (e.g. diagrams, slide-shows, audio-referential materials, etc.). f) Time (7-10 minutes), rehearse and preferably record your presentation, consult the opinion of a second listener, if necessary; be prepared to reproduce it smoothly in class. 2. Class Activities a) Deliver your speech in class. b) Listen to the speakers carefully, evaluate all the presentations according to the above-mentioned criteria and comment on them. Choose the most persuasive speaker; discuss with your colleagues and rate in order of relevance the key success points of their discourses.

O. J. Simpson’s Case (a case of the prosecution) Ladies and Gentlemen! Distinguished jury! At first I‟d like to thank you for the work you‟ve done and the patience you‟ve revealed during all the hearings, and your support and help. In front of you, Mr. O. J. Simpson is sitting. It is the person for case of whom we have gathered here. We all know why he is here now. I would like you to use all your integrity and common sense, before the twelve of you make a final decision and reach a verdict. Now it is time to enumerate a number of pieces of evidence testifying to the defendant‟s guilt and revealing the true nature of his perpetration.

19 Any reasonable person would call it an alarming "coincidence" that Simpson just happened to suffer several cuts and abrasions on his left hand at about the same time the killer of his ex-wife and her friend also suffered a left-hand cut. Simpson didn't act like a killer after the murders, because few killers do. But Simpson's behavior did change in small, significant ways. Furthermore, Simpson asked none of the questions an innocent man would ask when police called him in Chicago and told him of his ex-wife's death. Simpson didn't even ask if his ex-wife was murdered or had died in a car crash. One more important fact, that is another eloquent testimony is that Simpson‟s hair was found on Goldman‟s shirt even though Simpson confirms to have not been at the house and to have never met Goldman. Moreover, we discovered that Nicole had one set of keys to her home missing. She had indicated to several family members and friends that she feared Simpson had stolen them to gain entry into her home. The keys were later found in Simpson‟s home. Also we examined friends and family and they also indicated that Nicole was quite consistent in her claims that Simpson had been stalking her. She claimed that Simpson was always following her. She was afraid because Simpson had already told her he would kill her if he ever found her with another man. In the report of Detective Mark Fuhrman, was said that the left-hand glove found at Nicole‟s home and the right-hand glove found at Simpson‟s home proved to be a match. They also proved to be Simpson‟s size. Even though Simpson claimed under oath that he did not own these exactly gloves, several media pictures emerged showing Simpson wearing these exact gloves! Besides, not only were there bloody shoe prints in Simpson's size 12 from an expensive shoe, but Simpson's blood had also dripped to the left of the prints. Also, the socks found at the foot of Simpson's bed contained the blood of Simpson and Nicole Brown Simpson. Additionally, just the fact that there was blood in the Bronco is enough to raise serious suspicions about Simpson's innocence. But this blood also had the genetic markers of Simpson and Goldman. All that proves that he is guilty. I presume, containing everything needed to convict Simpson: hairs from both victims, blood from Simpson and the victims, fibers from Simpson's Bronco, and a blue-black fiber from the dark sweat suit worn by the killer. Everything about it convicts him. In conclusion, I should add Simpson had motive. You see rage, fury and overkill. These are murders that are personal. There is no doubt that Simpson beat Ms. Simpson, it is proven by the photos of Nicole‟s bruised and battered face, then he killed her. He was unable to control his passion, anger and emotion when it came to her. Considering all the facts mentioned, one can see the person is guilty of committing the double murder. Despite the public image of Mr. Simpson as a famous and highly celebrated person and a model family man, we must take in account the fact that it is a person leading a double life, trying to hide his real face under the cloak of vogue image and public opinion. Now we must bring him to account for the brutal slayings, as we are expected to adhere to the letter of law, exercising justice for all, impartially and completely. The man is guilty and must not escape from the punishment under the law. Thank you, Ladies and Gentlemen!

20