Florida's Adolescent Literacy Policy: an Alternative Reading and Response Diane Kroeger University of South Florida
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University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 12-31-2010 Florida's Adolescent Literacy Policy: An Alternative Reading and Response Diane Kroeger University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons, and the Other Education Commons Scholar Commons Citation Kroeger, Diane, "Florida's Adolescent Literacy Policy: An Alternative Reading and Response" (2010). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3463 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Florida's Adolescent Literacy Policy: An Alternative Reading and Response by Diane C. Kroeger A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosopy Department of Childhood Education and Literacy Studies College of Education University of South Florida Co-Major Professor: Danielle V. Dennis, Ph.D. Co-Major Professor: Jenifer J. Schneider, Ph.D. James R. King, Ed.D. J. Edwin Benton, Ph.D. Date of Approval: November 12, 2010 Keywords: literacy, reading, adolescent, policy, assessment Copyright © 2010, Diane C. Kroeger Dedication There are several loved ones who made this project possible and my feeble words here inadequately convey what resides in my heart. I dedicate this project to my brother Pete whose resolute belief in the potential of public policy inspired me to take this particular approach to my studies. Pete, we miss you so very much. To my dear husband Tony who was so patient, steady and attentive through this long process. Tony, you are my most trusted advisor and my best friend. To my son Ryan who is, and has always been, wise beyond his years, and my daughter Kelly who never ceases to amaze me with her vigor and capacity for learning. I can only hope to be like you both when I grow up. To my parents, Jerry and Justine Chance, whose prayers, advice, encouragement, and financial support made this five-and-a-half year journey much sweeter than it otherwise could have been. Mom, thank you for being my biggest advocate, the source of my tenacity and for instilling in me a keen sensitivity to people who don’t “fit in.” Dad, thank you for sharing your intellectual curiosity with me. My head is filled with cherished conversations I’ve had with you that have shaped my thinking and this work. Also, it meant a great deal that you knew what I was going through during this process. Many others lent their support during this project. In particular, I want to thank Stephany for always being interested in my work and for checking in when I disappeared for days (and weeks) at a time. Peggy and Doug, thank you for the meals we shared on so many Friday nights. They were the perfect antidote to deadline pressures. Diedre, thank you for sharing your books and your technological prowess. Acknowledgements I am indebted to the members of my doctoral committee whose expertise, mentorship and advice helped strengthen this work. In particular, I am grateful for the support of Danielle Dennis and Jenifer Schneider who guided me through the research and writing process with a perfect sense of the “enabling constraints” needed to help me move this project toward completion. Secondly, I want to thank the public officials and agency leaders who contributed to this study. Public service places an individual in a precarious position. It affords the possibility of directing policy while at the same time opening one up to critique. I admire the fortitude of each and every person who takes this risk in order to strengthen the quality of education for Florida’s students. Finally, I owe a debt of gratitude to Lisa Adkins. Her technical support has been most appreciated as I navigated the final weeks of the university’s submission requirements. i Table of Contents List of Tables…………………. ...................................................................................... iv List of Figures................................................................................................................... v Abstract ......................................................................................................................... vi Chapter I: Introduction…………….. .............................................................................. 1 Problem Statement: The Education Policy-Practice Dilemma ............................. 2 Purpose of the Study……….. .............................................................................. 4 Research Questions……………………………. ................................................... 5 Rationale…………………………………. .......................................................... 7 Crossing the Domain Divide….. ............................................................... 7 The Power, Potential and Scope of State Literacy Policy………… ......... 10 Theoretical Framework in Brief…………………………… ............................... 12 Key Terms…………………… .......................................................................... 15 Limitations, Delimitations and Assumptions……… ........................................... 21 Chapter II: Review of Related Literature…….. ............................................................. 24 Theoretical Framework…………….. ................................................................. 25 Complexity…………… ......................................................................... 25 Enabling Constraints………. ...................................................... 28 Enabling Constraints for Teaching and Learning…….. ............... 29 Enabling Constraints for Policy Making…………….. ................. 31 Criticism of Complexity………. ................................................. 33 Primary and Secondary Speech Genres……… ....................................... 34 Related Studies……………………… ................................................................ 35 The Policy-Practice of Education………….. .......................................... 35 Adolescent Literacy………………… ..................................................... 40 Historical Foundations……………. ............................................ 41 Research Findings………………………… ................................ 44 In-School/Out-of-School Literacies……….. .................... 46 Adolescents’ Values………............................................. 48 Adolescents’ Social Nature…………. ............................. 52 Multiliteracies………… .................................................. 56 Policy Research…………………. .......................................................... 59 Summary………………………. ........................................................................ 64 Chapter III: Methods……………………………………….. ......................................... 66 Design………………………………………….. ................................................ 67 Interpretive Policy Analysis……………………………………… .......... 68 Procedure………………………………………… ............................................. 68 Modifications to IPA Framework and Study Overview ........................... 69 ii Phase 1: Identification of State-Level Policy Actors…. ........................... 71 Phase 2: Identification of Artifacts that Carry Meaning……. .................. 73 Interviews……. .......................................................................... 74 Public Meetings………………………. ....................................... 77 Documents…………………….. ................................................. 78 Phase 3: Identification of Communities of Discourse…………… ........... 80 Analytic Memos (Journal)…….. ................................................. 81 Pre-Coding……….. .................................................................... 81 First-Cycle Coding………… ...................................................... 82 Second-Cycle Coding…………. ................................................. 83 Third-Cycle Coding………… ..................................................... 83 Phase 4: Identification of Meanings in Conflict….. ................................. 85 Phase 5: Explanation and Determination of Intervention………. ............ 86 Protection of Human Subjects………………….. ............................................... 86 Dependability and Credibility…………………………. ..................................... 87 Chapter IV: Results…………………………………….................................................. 90 Categorizing the Data………………… .............................................................. 90 Primary and Secondary Speech Genres……. .......................................... 91 Interviews…………………….. .................................................. 92 Meetings…………………………….. ......................................... 92 Documents…………………………. .......................................... 93 Knowledge Tiers……………………………………. ............................. 93 Discourse Communities……………………………………………. ....... 96 Question 1: Overview of Results………………………………… ...................... 97 Reading as Literacy………………………………… .............................. 98 Institutionally Imposed Student Profiles.................................................. 98 Policy Solutions and Problems……….. .................................................. 99 Question 1: Detailed Results…………………….. .............................................. 99 Reading as Literacy……. ....................................................................