History of Korea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

(Super) Brief History of Korea Unit 4: East Asia Influence from China • Early Korea had two separate kingdoms • Gojoseon began ~1200 BCE • Jin began ~300 BCE • Gojoseon conquered by Han China around 100 B.C.E. Three Kingdoms • Chinese eventually driven out and three kingdoms arose on the peninsula • Three kingdoms borrow Buddhism (religion) and Confucianism (government) from China • War between three kingdoms ends when a new dynasty, the Koryeo, conquers all three Mongolian Invasion • In the mid-1200s, Mongols invade the Koryeo • Koryeo submit to Mongol authority, allowed to remain in power • Mongol rule was harsh • Korean peasants forced to construct ships for the Mongol invasion of Japan • When the Mongol empire collapsed, so did Koryeo The Hermit Kingdom • Yi Song-Gye overthrows Koryeo Dynasty; creates Kingdom of Joseon • Joseon—one of the longest lasting monarchies in world history • Set up capital at modern day Seoul in the south • Copied Chinese government structure The Hermit Kingdom • New alphabet introduced (Hangul) that is phonetically- based • Easier to learn how to read and write • Still used today • Constantly faced threat of invasion • Japan invades in the late 1500s, were unsuccessful • Farmlands destroyed; skilled workers killed • Manchus attack in the 1600s, sign peace treaty forcing Joseon to aid Qing The Hermit Kingdom • Korea adopts policy of isolationism • Country went largely untouched by European merchants and missionaries • Earned them the nickname, the “Hermit Kingdom” South Korea https://youtu.be/JYDkzqCfJzg https://youtu.be/MBdVXkSdhwU North Korea Review Put each name on the front of a notecard, and their significance on the back. If they are Chinese, include what dynasty they were in. If Japanese, include which period they were in. ● Chongzhen Emperor ● Hongwu Emperor ● Yong Le Emperor ● Li Zicheng ● Emperor Kangxi ● Emperor Qianlong ● Zheng He ● Prince Shotoku ● Tokugawa Ieyasu.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Zainichi Chōsenjin and the Independence Movement in Everyday Life
International Journal of Korean History (Vol.17 No.2, Aug.2012) 29 Zainichi Chōsenjin and the Independence Movement in Everyday Life Choi Jinseok (Ch’oe Chinsŏk)* Introduction “Zainichi (在日, Migrants from Korea),” “Kankokujin (韓国人),” Chōsenjin (朝鮮人),” “Korean,” I have long been concerned about how I should refer to myself within Japanese society. Should I introduce myself as a Zainichi, Kankokujin, Chōsenjin, or Korean? The task of introducing myself may appear to be a simple one. However, it is in fact a complex matter whose roots can be traced back some 100 years. After much hesita- tion, I have decided to introduce myself as “Chōsenjin.” This is because I have decided to be one with my history The term “Chōsenjin” is one that is very difficult to translate into Ko- rean. While Chōsenjin can be conveyed as Chosŏnin, or people of Chosŏn, the translation of the echoes associated with “Chōsenjin” is a much more complex task. The term “Chōsenjin” is still accompanied by negative vestiges in Japan. Chōsenjin is a racially discriminative word that was created by Japanese and internalized by the people of Chosŏn. Neverthe- less, the vestiges associated with “Chōsenjin” are not always negative. For me to introduce myself to others as Chōsenjin evokes a profound emotion akin to love and hatred. As such, “Chōsenjin” is a term that connotes contradictory notions. * Associate Professor, Hiroshima University. 30 Zainichi Chōsenjin and the Independence Movement in Everyday Life The difficulty translating “Chōsenjin” emanates from the existence of a line dividing our people. This line dividing us did not originally exist, nor was it desired.
[Show full text]
National Museum of Korea
National Museum of Korea 1. Prehistoric and Ancient History Gallery 1 2. Prehistoric and Ancient History Gallery 2 - 1 - Prehistoric and Ancient 1. The Paleolithic Age, the First Culture History Gallery 1 in History We have now arrived in the Paleolithic Room. During the Paleolithic Age, humans started to use fire, invented tools, and developed a culture. The first humans inhabited Korea from about 700,000 years ago. They were hunter-gatherers and led a nomadic lifestyle, moving from place to place to find sufficient food and seeking shelter in caves or on the banks of rivers. The people of the Paleolithic Age initially used natural stones as tools, but gradually began to break and shape them to remove their efficiency. Large, clumsy tools were used at first, but over time the tools were refined and a variety of sharper and smaller tools were developed for different purposes. During the later period of the Paleolithic Age, the stone tools were used in conjunction with pieces of timber or horn. As stone working techniques became even more developed, it was possible to reproduce the same tool. - 2 - Prehistoric and Ancient 2. The Making of Chipped Stone Tools History Gallery 1 [Narration] These are stone tools from the Paleolithic Age. [Tourist] They’re tools? They look like normal stones to me. [Narration] They do, yes, but they really are chipped stone tools that Paleolithic people made and used for many different purposes. [Tourist] How did they chip the stones? [Narration] The simplest method they used was to smash one stone with another stone and hope for the best! Later on, they used stone hammers or horns to chip the stone in a more directed, controlled manner.
[Show full text]
Women's Life During the Chosŏn Dynasty
International Journal of Korean History(Vol.6, Dec.2004) 113 Women’s Life during the Chosŏn Dynasty Han Hee-sook* 1 Introduction The Chosŏn society was one in which the yangban (aristocracy) wielded tremendous power. The role of women in this society was influenced greatly by the yangban class’ attempts to establish a patriarchal family order and a Confucian-based society. For example, women were forced, in accordance with neo-Confucian ideology, to remain chaste before marriage and barred from remarrying once their husbands had passed away. As far as the marriage system was concerned, the Chosŏn era saw a move away from the old tradition of the man moving into his in-laws house following the wedding (男歸女家婚 namgwiyŏgahon), with the woman now expected to move in with her husband’s family following the marriage (親迎制度 ch΄inyŏng jedo). Moreover, wives were rigidly divided into two categories: legitimate wife (ch΄ŏ) and concubines (ch΄ŏp). This period also saw a change in the legal standing of women with regards to inheritance, as the system was altered from the practice of equal, from a gender standpoint, rights to inheritance, to one in which the eldest son became the sole inheritor. These neo-Confucianist inspired changes contributed to the strengthening of the patriarchal system during the Chosŏn era. As a result of these changes, Chosŏn women’s rights and activities became increasingly restricted. * Professor, Dept. of Korean History, Sookmyung Women’s University 114 Women’s Life during the Chosŏn Dynasty During the Chosŏn dynasty women fell into one of the following classifications: female members of the royal family such as the queen and the king’s concubines, members of the yangban class the wives of the landed gentry, commoners, the majority of which were engaged in agriculture, women in special professions such as palace women, entertainers, shamans and physicians, and women from the lowborn class (ch’ŏnin), which usually referred to the yangban’s female slaves.
[Show full text]
Korean History in Maps: from Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century Edited by Michael D
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09846-6 - Korean History in Maps: From Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century Edited by Michael D. Shin Frontmatter More information Korean History in Maps Korean History in Maps is a beautifully presented, full-color atlas covering all periods of Korean history from prehistoric times to the present day. It is the ﬁrst atlas of its kind to be speciﬁcally designed for students in English-speaking countries. There is a map for each era in Korean history, showing every major kingdom or polity that existed on the Korean peninsula, and maps are also included for topics of additional historical interest, including each major war that took place. In addition, the atlas contains chronologies, lists of monarchs, and overviews of the politics, economy, society, and culture for each era which are complemented by numerous photos and full-color images of artifacts, paintings, and architectural structures. This fascinating historical atlas is a complete reference work and unique teaching tool for all scholars and students of Korean and East Asian history. I © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09846-6 - Korean History in Maps: From Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century Edited by Michael D. Shin Frontmatter More information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09846-6 - Korean History in Maps: From Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century Edited by Michael D. Shin Frontmatter More information Korean History in Maps From Prehistory to the Twenty-first Century EDITED BY Michael D.
[Show full text]
Dan-Gun Dan-Gun Is Named After the Holy Dan-Gun, the Legendary Founder of Korea in the Year of 2333 B.C
Dan-Gun Dan-Gun is named after the holy Dan-Gun, the legendary founder of Korea in the year of 2333 B.C. The history of the Dan-Gun Dangun Wanggeom was the legendary founder of Gojoseon, the first kingdom of Korea, in present-day Liaoning, Manchuria, and the Korean Peninsula. He is said to be the grandson of the god of heaven, and to have founded the kingdom in 2333 BC. Although the term Dangun commonly refers to the founder, some believe it was a title used by all rulers of Gojoseon, and that Wanggeom was the proper name of the founder. Dangun’s ancestry begins with his grandfather Hwanin, the “Lord of Heaven” (a name which also appears in Indian Buddhist texts). Hwanin had a son Hwanung who yearned to live on the earth among the valleys and the mountains. Hwanin permitted Hwanung and 3000 followers to descend onto Baekdu Mountain, then called Taebaek Mountain, where Hwanung founded Sinsi (“City of God”). Along with his ministers of clouds, rain, and wind, he instituted laws and moral codes and taught humans various arts, medicine, and agriculture. One day both a bear and a tiger came to Hwanung’s residence in prayer and asked to be transformed into humans. The god agreed to this gift but on the condition that they remain out of the sun for 100 days and eat only a sacred bunch of mug- worts and 20 garlic cloves. To this the animals agreed and followed his advice. The tiger was unable to keep up with the conditions, but the bear – a female called Ung- nyo – after only 21 days was transformed into a woman.
[Show full text]
Brief Curriculum Vitae of In-Jin Yoon
Curriculum Vitae of Professor In-Jin Yoon (Updated on September 30, 2013) Brief Bio In-Jin Yoon is professor of the Department of Sociology, Korea University and the former presidents of the Association for North Korean Migrants Studies and the Association for the Studies of Koreans Abroad. He received his Ph. D. from the University of Chicago and taught at the Asian American Studies Department of the University of California, Santa Barbara. His major publications include On My Own: Korean Businesses and Race Relations in America, Korean Diaspora: Migration, Adaptation, and Identity of Overseas Koreans, and North Korean Migrants: Lives, Consciousness, and Support Policy for Resettlement, South Koreans’ Perceptions of Migrant Workers and Multicultural Society, and Migration and Transnational Space in Northeast Asia, Mutual Perceptions of North Korean Migrants and South Koreans, Trends and Tasks of Studies of Koreans Abroad, and the History of Koreas Abroad. His research interests include social psychology, minorities, international migration, and multiculturalism. His email address is [email protected] and [email protected] Name In-Jin Yoon Date of birth June 30, 1963 Department of Sociology, Korea University 1, 5ga, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-ku Work address Seoul, Korea, 136-701 (Phone and Fax: 82-2-3290-2490) (Mobile: 82-10-6324-2490) 1 E-mail [email protected], [email protected] Education Period Academic Institution March, 1981-August, 1985 BA degree in Sociology, Department of Sociology, Korea University (Minor in Philosophy) September,
[Show full text]
2014 Nojin Kwak Korean History
Educator Workshop Korean History Aug.23.2014 Korea in context Korea in context Korea in context Korea in context Terrain • Heavily mountainous • Approximately only 20% of the land is arable • Long shoreline relative to land mass • Climate is temperate, with all four seasons with more extremes at the northern and southern ends Chronological Table Korea The West Roman Republic (753 – 27 BC) BC 1000 Gojoseon (2333 -108 BC) Roman Empire (27BC – 476 AD) Three Kingdoms: Silla(57 BC – 935) AD Birth of Christ Goguryeo (37 BC – 668) 100 Roman Empire (27BC – 476 AD) Baekje (18 BC - 660) Gaya (42-562) Unified Silla Kingdom (676-935) 600 Hegira (622) and beginning of Islamic era Balhae Kingdom (668-928) 900 Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392) 1000 First Crusade (1096-1099) 1200 Magna Carta (1215) Marco Polo (1254-1324) Italian Renaissance (1330 – 1550) 1300 Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910) The Hundred Years' War (1338-1453) Gutenberg's Press (1492) 1400 Columbus discovers America (1492) 1500 Martin Luther launches reform of the church (1517) 1600 The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) American Independence (1776) 1700 French Revolution (1789-1793) 1800 American Civil War (1861-1865) Annexation by Japan (1910) World War I (1914-1918) 1900 Establishment of the ROK (1948) World War II (1939-1945) Gojoseon (2333 -108 BC) 2333 BC: Gochoson (Old Choson) • Name means “ancient Joseon” • Divided into a number of separate tribes • Dependent on agriculture • The territory of Gojoseon was invaded by the Han Dynasty of China during the Gojoseon-Han War in 108 BC The Three Kingdoms(57 BC – 676) • Goguryeo : Territorially the largest and considered the most powerful of the kingdoms • Baekje : Began in the Han River basin (near present day Seoul) • Silla : Joined forces with the people of Goguryeo and Baekje to drive out Tang forces • United Silla(676- 935) & Balhae (698-926) • The United Silla: Promoted the development of culture and arts the popularity of Buddhism reached its peak • Balhae: Balhae was a mixed ethnic Korean and Mohe empire established in northern Korea after the fall of Goguryeo.
[Show full text]
Dynasty in Korea
A Comparative Study on the Deciphering Petroglyph of Mt. Lawz(so-called Mt. Sinai) & the Ancient Hebrew on the Roof-End Tiles of Gojoseon(古朝鮮) Dynasty in Korea Park Tae-Seon (The Master of Ancient Hebrew Research Institute) E-mail: [email protected] Han Gang-Hyen (The President of International Academy of Neohumans Culture) E-mail: [email protected] Introduction The Body Ⅰ. ‘The Roof-End–Tile Pattern’ of Gojoseon(古朝鮮)Dynasty was Ancient Hebrew. Ⅱ. The Same Folk Gulture and Customs of the Koreans and Ancient Israelites Ⅲ. The Decoding and Secret of Mt. Sinai’s Petroglyph on which the Red Sea Miracle was Engraved by Moses. Conclusion Abstract The Koreans, like the Israelites who have a history of hardship, are the heavenly people, chosen people, hidden in the history of the world that achieved the "Miracle on the Han River" overcoming numerous hardships and foreign invasions. This paper is the result of a long-term study on the activities and emigration of the Dan Tribe among the ancient Israelites. It is an archaeologically, linguistically and culturally important proof paper that will unveil the heavenly providence and secrets of the Koreans, the Dan Tribe. The main topics and contents of this paper are explained in three parts. In the first part, by succeeding in deciphering the ancient-Hebrew patterns on the roof-end tiles excavated in the Daedong Riverside in the Korean - 1 - Peninsula, I will reveal that Dangun, the founder of Korea, was the lost Dan Tribe of ancient Israelites. In the second part, by studying more than 100 kinds of evidences, such as similar customs, cultures, and temperaments of the Korean and Israelites, from the academic aspects of various adjacent studies, I will presented a proof that the King of Dangun(檀君),which belonged to the Kingdom of Northern Israel’ moved from the TEL DAN region to the northeast, settled on the Korean Peninsula, and established Gojoseon following the heavenly order.
[Show full text]
The 1911 Revolution and the Korean Independence Movement: the Road to Democratic Republicanism
The 1911 Revolution and the Korean Independence Movement: The Road to Democratic Republicanism KIM Bong-jin 1. Foreword The Xing Zhonghui 興中会（Revive China Society） started by Sun Yat-sen（ 1866-1925） and Wang Zhaoming 汪兆銘（ Wang Jingwei, 1883-1944） merged with the Hua Xinghui 華興会 established by Song Jiaoren 宋教仁（1882-1913） and Huang Xing 黄興（ 1874-1916） on August 20, 1905 in Tokyo to become the Zhongguo Tongmenghui 同盟会（Chinese Revolutionary Alliance）. Sun Yat-sen was selected to head the organization, and Huang Xing to run general affairs. Various documents were adopted, including the “mili- tary government proclamation,” “general articles of the Tongmenghui,” and “revolutionary strategy.” The Tongmenghui issued as their organizational publication the Minbao 民報, which adopted the general principles advocated by Sun of “expel the Manchus and restore China, establish a republic, and equalize land rights.” Subsequently, they fomented uprisings all over China, but all ended in failure. The Wuchang New Army successfully revolted against the Qing govern- ment on October 10, 1911. Other provinces followed suit by declaring inde- pendence from the central government. On January 1, 1912 the Provisional Government of the Republic of China was established in Nanjing, with Sun Yat-sen as provisional president. On February 12, however, Yuan Shikai （1859-1916） compelled the child emperor Puyi（ 1906-1967） to abdicate. The next day Sun Yat-sen turned in his resignation as president and recommended to the provisional National Assembly that Yuan take the position. On February 15 the provisional National Assembly agreed on Yuan’s appointment and to designate Nanjing as the capital.
[Show full text]
Korea Between the United States and China: How Does Hedging Work? Park Jin 60 | Joint U.S.-Korea Academic Studies
59 Korea Between the United States and China: How Does Hedging Work? Park Jin 60 | Joint U.S.-Korea Academic Studies “We have no eternal allies, and we have no perpetual enemies.” The words of the 19th- century British statesman Lord Palmerstone seem to resonate in 21st-century Asia. For example, China and the United States fought against each other during the Korean War, but now the two great powers are exploring a new style of constructive strategic partnership. Japan and Vietnam fought against the United States in the last century, but they too are now strong allies and major strategic partners of the United States. In this fast-changing region of explosive economic growth and constant power shifts, even the most traditional alliances are being tested while previously unlikely partnerships are being forged. Amid deepening uncertainty and ambiguity, states continue to struggle to answer that fundamental question of foreign policy: friend or foe? The same question was much easier to answer during the Cold War period; the world was divided into two blocs, and small and middle powers only had to choose between them. My friend’s friend was a friend, and my enemy’s friend was an enemy. After the bipolar world turned into a unipolar hegemony whether you chose to be a friend or a foe to the United States, the choice was still a binary one.1 Such reassuring simplicity has been fading away rapidly. With the projected rise of a new superpower in China and the perceived challenges to the U.S.-centric hub-and- spokes system in an age where economic interdependence has increased and power shift has occurred, especially in Asia, it requires a sophisticated diplomacy to adapt to the perceived shifts in geopolitical landscape and to optimize a policy mix for managing alliances and new partnerships.
[Show full text]
BRIEF HISTORY of KOREA —A Bird's-Eyeview—
BRIEF HISTORY OF KOREA —A Bird's-EyeView— Young Ick Lew with an afterword by Donald P. Gregg The Korea Society New York The Korea Society is a private, nonprofit, nonpartisan, 501(c)(3) organization with individual and corporate members that is dedicated solely to the promotion of greater awareness, understanding and cooperation between the people of the United States and Korea. In pursuit of its mission, the Society arranges programs that facilitate dis- cussion, exchanges and research on topics of vital interest to both countries in the areas of public policy, business, education, intercultural relations and the arts. Funding for these programs is derived from contributions, endowments, grants, membership dues and program fees. From its base in New York City, the Society serves audiences across the country through its own outreach efforts and by forging strategic alliances with counterpart organizations in other cities throughout the United States as well as in Korea. The Korea Society takes no institutional position on policy issues and has no affiliation with the U.S. government. All statements of fact and expressions of opinion contained in all its publications are the sole responsibility of the author or authors. For further information about The Korea Society, please write The Korea Society, 950 Third Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10022, or e-mail: [email protected]. Visit our website at www.koreasociety.org. Copyright © 2000 by Young Ick Lew and The Korea Society All rights reserved. Published 2000 ISBN 1-892887-00-7 Printed in the United States of America Every effort has been made to locate the copyright holders of all copyrighted materials and secure the necessary permission to reproduce them.
[Show full text]
The Modern Korean Nation, Tan'gun, and Historical Memory in Late
International Journal of Korean History (Vol.19 No.2, Aug. 2014) 213 The Modern Korean Nation, Tan’gun, and Historical Memory in Late Nineteenth to Early Twentieth Century Korea* Kim Soo-ja** Introduction Usage of the modern term ‘nation’ began in the early twentieth century in Korea. Correspondingly, the historical figure Tan’gun was actively used as a tool for creating a sense of unity and community among Kore- ans. However, at the beginning of Korean history, Tan’gun was not used in this way. According to varying historical situations, there were differ- ent historical memories and meanings attached to Tan’gun. Particularly in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, the significance of Tan’gun and the political circumstances situation were very closely con- nected to the point that it was markedly different from the previous period. In the late nineteenth century, Korea experienced a severe crisis both internally and externally. Domestically, the feudal order was being dis- mantled; externally, Korea faced invasions from imperialist powers. The Chinese-centered perspectives Ch’ǒnha (天下) or the theory of Hayi (華夷)) were rapidly being replaced with the concepts of the Western nation- state. The Korean “nation” was discovered and from that time on, the nation has played an important role in overcoming Korean national crises. * This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2007-361-AL0015). ** Assistant Professor, Ewha Institute for the Humanities, Ewha University 214 The Modern Korean Nation, Tan’gun, and Historical Memory At the center of the process of creating the modern Korean nation stood Tan’gun, who holds special significance as a mythical figure and the founding father of Kojosôn, Korea’s first kingdom.
[Show full text]