The Modern Korean Nation, Tan'gun, and Historical Memory in Late
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Sunshine in Korea
CENTER FOR ASIA PACIFIC POLICY International Programs at RAND CHILDREN AND FAMILIES The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that EDUCATION AND THE ARTS helps improve policy and decisionmaking through ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT research and analysis. HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE This electronic document was made available from INFRASTRUCTURE AND www.rand.org as a public service of the RAND TRANSPORTATION Corporation. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LAW AND BUSINESS NATIONAL SECURITY Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Support RAND Purchase this document TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY Browse Reports & Bookstore Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND Center for Asia Pacific Policy View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND website is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. The monograph/report was a product of the RAND Corporation from 1993 to 2003. RAND monograph/reports presented major research findings that addressed the challenges facing the public and private sectors. They included executive summaries, technical documentation, and synthesis pieces. Sunshine in Korea The South Korean Debate over Policies Toward North Korea Norman D. -
Zainichi Chōsenjin and the Independence Movement in Everyday Life
International Journal of Korean History (Vol.17 No.2, Aug.2012) 29 Zainichi Chōsenjin and the Independence Movement in Everyday Life Choi Jinseok (Ch’oe Chinsŏk)* Introduction “Zainichi (在日, Migrants from Korea),” “Kankokujin (韓国人),” Chōsenjin (朝鮮人),” “Korean,” I have long been concerned about how I should refer to myself within Japanese society. Should I introduce myself as a Zainichi, Kankokujin, Chōsenjin, or Korean? The task of introducing myself may appear to be a simple one. However, it is in fact a complex matter whose roots can be traced back some 100 years. After much hesita- tion, I have decided to introduce myself as “Chōsenjin.” This is because I have decided to be one with my history The term “Chōsenjin” is one that is very difficult to translate into Ko- rean. While Chōsenjin can be conveyed as Chosŏnin, or people of Chosŏn, the translation of the echoes associated with “Chōsenjin” is a much more complex task. The term “Chōsenjin” is still accompanied by negative vestiges in Japan. Chōsenjin is a racially discriminative word that was created by Japanese and internalized by the people of Chosŏn. Neverthe- less, the vestiges associated with “Chōsenjin” are not always negative. For me to introduce myself to others as Chōsenjin evokes a profound emotion akin to love and hatred. As such, “Chōsenjin” is a term that connotes contradictory notions. * Associate Professor, Hiroshima University. 30 Zainichi Chōsenjin and the Independence Movement in Everyday Life The difficulty translating “Chōsenjin” emanates from the existence of a line dividing our people. This line dividing us did not originally exist, nor was it desired. -
Effective Evangelistic Strategies for North Korean Defectors (Talbukmin) in South Korea
ABSTRACT Effective Evangelistic Strategies for North Korean Defectors (Talbukmin) in South Korea South Korean churches eagerness for spreading the gospel to North Koreans is a passion. However, because of the barriers between the two Koreas, spreading the Good News is nearly impossible. In the middle of the 1990’s, numerous North Koreans defected to China to avoid starvation. Many South Korean missionaries met North Koreans directly and offered the gospel along with necessities for survival in China. Since the early of 2000’s, many Talbukmin have entered South Korea so South Korean churches have directly met North Koreans and spread the gospel. However, the fruits of evangelism are few. South Korean churches find that Talbukmin are very different from South Koreans in large part due to the sixty-year division. South Korean churches do not know or fully understand the characteristics of the Talbukmin. The evangelism strategies and ministry programs of South Korean churches, which are designed for South Koreans, do not adapt well to serve the Talbukmin. This research lists and describes the following five theories to be used in the development of the effective evangelistic strategies for use with the Talbukmin and for use to interpret the interviews and questionnaires: the conversion theory, the contextualization theory, the homogenous principle, the worldview transformation theory, and the Nevius Mission Plan. In the following research exploration of the evangelization of Talbukmin in South Korea occurs through two major research agendas. The first agenda is concerned with the study of the characteristics of Talbukmin to be used for the evangelists’ understanding of the depth of differences. -
Korea: from Hermit Kingdom to Colony
WORLD HISTORY: 1750–1914 KOREA From Hermit Kingdom to Colony By MiChael J. seth the World encroaches on the hermit Kingdom At the end of the eighteenth century, Korea was a land with more than a millen- nium of political unity, proud of its rigid adherence to Confucian cultural norms, and at peace with its neighbors. Under the reigns of two able kings, Yŏngjo (1724– 1776) and Chŏngjo (1776–1800), Korea prospered. In the nineteenth century, however, the state entered a period when weak kings were dominated by power- ful clans related to the monarch through royal marriages. Some historians see this as a sign that Korea was entering a decline after 1800. There was an uprising in the northwest in 1811–1812, a rice riot in Seoul in 1833, and some small scale peas- ant uprisings in the countryside, mainly aimed at local officials. Yet, its political and social institutions appeared quite stable. The social and economic domination of the country by the hereditary yangban elite (the high- est social class of Korea during the Chosŏn dynasty, 1392–1910), who competed for government office by taking the civil service exams, was secure. There was a Korea, the ”Hermit Kingdom.“ 1904. Image source: library of steady rise in population in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, but Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington. this was matched by improvements in agricultural production. The number of famines appears to have declined after 1750. Traditional arts and letters flourished well into the nineteenth century. A number of scholars, later called the Sirhak, or Practical Learning faction, were actively examining political, economic, and social issues. -
Course Descriptions Fall Semester 2020
DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA Course Descriptions Fall Semester 2020 FOCUS DESIGNATIONS E = Contemporary Ethical Issues O = Oral Communication WI = Writing Intensive H/HAP = Hawaiian, Asian, Pacific Issues NOTE: All information contained herein is subject to change without advance notice. UNDERGRADUATE COURSES HIST 151 World History to 1500 Foundations: FGA Henriksen, Margot Content: This course analyzes the historical development of human societies and their cultural traditions in all parts of the world, including Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania, up to 1500 C.E. Lectures and readings offer integrated analyses of the political, social, economic, and cultural dimensions of human societies, as well as processes of cross-cultural interaction and exchange. In small weekly discussion groups, students engage in the study of writings, narratives, artifacts, or cultural practices of different peoples and societies. Overall, the course provides students with an intellectual foundation for responsible citizenship in the complex, interdependent, globalizing world of contemporary times. Requirements: To be announced. Readings: • Jerry Bentley, Herbert Ziegler, Traditions and Encounters: A Global Perspective on the Past, Vol. 1 • N. K. Sandars (trans.), The Epic of Gilgamesh • R. K. Narayan, The Ramayana • Sophocles, Oedipus the King and Antigone • Sheri S. Tepper, The Gate to Women’s Country • Connie Willis, Doomsday Book HIST 151 World History to 1500 Foundations: FGA Wang, Wensheng -
Korean History in Maps: from Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century Edited by Michael D
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09846-6 - Korean History in Maps: From Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century Edited by Michael D. Shin Frontmatter More information Korean History in Maps Korean History in Maps is a beautifully presented, full-color atlas covering all periods of Korean history from prehistoric times to the present day. It is the first atlas of its kind to be specifically designed for students in English-speaking countries. There is a map for each era in Korean history, showing every major kingdom or polity that existed on the Korean peninsula, and maps are also included for topics of additional historical interest, including each major war that took place. In addition, the atlas contains chronologies, lists of monarchs, and overviews of the politics, economy, society, and culture for each era which are complemented by numerous photos and full-color images of artifacts, paintings, and architectural structures. This fascinating historical atlas is a complete reference work and unique teaching tool for all scholars and students of Korean and East Asian history. I © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09846-6 - Korean History in Maps: From Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century Edited by Michael D. Shin Frontmatter More information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09846-6 - Korean History in Maps: From Prehistory to the Twenty-First Century Edited by Michael D. Shin Frontmatter More information Korean History in Maps From Prehistory to the Twenty-first Century EDITED BY Michael D. -
Arts of Asia Lecture Series Fall 2016 Women, Real and Imagined, in Asian Art Sponsored by the Society for Asian Art
Arts of Asia Lecture Series Fall 2016 Women, Real and Imagined, In Asian Art Sponsored by The Society for Asian Art Queen Seondeok (r. 632 - 647) of Silla: Korea’s First Queen Kumja Paik Kim, March 10, 2017 Study Guide Queen Seondeok 선덕여왕 善德女王 (r. 632-647) Queen Seondeok’s given name Deokman 덕만 德曼; born in Gyeongju 경주 慶州 King Jinpyeong 진평왕 眞平王 (r. 579-632) and Lady Maya 마야보인 摩耶夫人 Monuments built with Queen Seondeok’s Support: 1. Cheomseong-dae 첨성대 瞻星臺 (star observing platform or star gazing tower) 2. Bunhwang-sa 분황사 芬皇寺, Gyeongju – Venerable Jajang 자장 慈藏 (590–658) 3. Nine-story pagoda구층탑 九層塔, 645 at Hwangyong-sa 황용사 皇龍寺, 553-569, Gyeongju, architect: Abiji 아비지 阿非知 – Venerable Jajang 4. Tongdo-sa 통도사 通度寺, 646, Yangsan near Busan – Veneralble Jajang Samguk Sagi 삼국사기 三國史記 (History of the Three Kingdoms) by Kim Bu-sik 김부식 金富軾 (1075-1151), 1145 Samguk Yusa 삼국유사 三國遺史(Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms) by monk Iryeon 일연一然 (1206-1289), 1285 Queen Seondeok’s three predictions = Jigi Samsa 지기삼사 知幾三事 Two other Silla Queens = Jindeok 진덕여왕 眞德女王 (r. 647-654) and Jinseong 진성여왕 眞聖女王 (r. 887-897) Silla’s Ruling Clans: Pak 박 朴; Seok 석 昔; and Kim 김 金 Bak (Pak) Hyeokkeose 박혁거세 朴赫居世 (r. 69 BCE – 4 CE) Seok Talhae 석탈해 昔脫解 (r. 57 – 80) 鵲 – 鳥 = 昔 (Seok) Kim Alji 김알지 金閼智 (67 - ?) Michu 미추 味鄒 (r. 262-284), the first Silla ruler from the Kim clan Queen Seondeok’s Sisters: Princess Seonhwa and Princess Cheonmyeong (King Muyeol’s mother) Silla’s Bone-rank (golpum 골품 骨品) system: 1) sacred-bone (seonggol 성골聖骨) 2) true-bone (jingol 진골 眞骨) 3) head-rank (dupum 두품 頭品) The Great Tomb of Hwangnam, Northern Mound: Hwangnam Daechong Bukbun 황남대총북분 皇南大塚北墳 Tomb of the Auspicious Phoenix: Seobong-chong 서봉총 瑞鳳塚 Seoseo 서서 瑞西 (瑞); Bonghwang 봉황 鳳凰 (鳳); chong 총 塚 Maripgan 마립간 麻立干: Naemul (356-402); Silseong (402-417): Nulji (417-458); Jabi (458-479); Soji (479-500) Wang 왕 王: From King Jijeung (r. -
Identity Under Japanese Occupation
1 “BECOMING JAPANESE:” IDENTITY UNDER JAPANESE OCCUPATION GRADES: 9-12 AUTHOR: Katherine Murphy TOPIC/THEME: Japanese Occupation, World War II, Korean Culture, Identity TIME REQUIRED: Two 60-minute periods BACKGROUND: The lesson is based on the impact of the Japanese occupation of Korea during World War II on Korean culture and identity. In particular, the lesson focuses on the Japanese campaign in 1940 to encourage Koreans to abandon their Korean names and adopt Japanese names. This campaign was known as “sōshi-kaimei." The purpose of this campaign, along with campaigns requiring Koreans to recite an oath to the Japanese Emperor and bow at Shinto shrines, were to make the Korean people “Japanese” and hopefully, loyal subjects of the Japanese Empire by abandoning their Korean identity and loyalties. These cultural policies and campaigns were key to the Japanese war effort during World War II. The lesson draws from the students’ lives as well as two books: Lost Names: Scenes from a Korean Boyhood by Richard E. Kim and Under the Black Umbrella: Voices from Colonial Korea 1910-1945 by Hildi Kang. CURRICULUM CONNECTION: The lesson is intended to use the major themes from the summer reading book Lost Names: Scenes from a Korean Boyhood to introduce students to one of the five essential questions of the World History II course: How is identity constructed? How does identity impact human experience? In first investigating the origin of their own names and the meaning of Korean names, students can begin to explore the question “How is identity constructed?’ In examining how and why the Japanese sought to change the Korean people’s names, religion, etc during World War II, students will understand how global events such as World War II can impact an individual. -
Transformation of the Dualistic International Order Into the Modern Treaty System in the Sino-Korean Relationship
International Journal of Korean History (Vol.15 No.2, Aug.2010) 97 G Transformation of the Dualistic International Order into the Modern Treaty System in the Sino-Korean Relationship Song Kue-jin* IntroductionG G Whether in the regional or global scale, the international order can be defined as a unique system within which international issues develop and the diplomatic relations are preserved within confined time periods. The one who has leadership in such international order is, in actuality, the superpowers regardless of the rationale for their leading positions, and the orderliness of the system is determined by their political and economic prowess.1 The power that led East Asia in the pre-modern era was China. The pre- modern East Asian regional order is described as the tribute system. The tribute system is built on the premise of installation, so it was important that China designate and proclaim another nation as a tributary state. The system was not necessarily a one-way imposition; it is possible to view the system built on mutual consent as the tributary state could benefit from China’s support and preserve the domestic order at times of political instability to person in power. Modern capitalism challenged and undermined the East Asian tribute GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG * HK Research Professor, ARI, Korea University 98 Transformation of the Dualistic International Order into the ~ system led by China, and the East Asian international relations became a modern system based on treaties. The Western powers brought the former tributary states of China into the outer realm of the global capitalistic system. With the arrival of Western imperialistic powers, the East Asian regional order faced an inevitable transformation. -
And the Visual Representation of the Korean Dokkaebi Abstract the Oni and the Dokkaebi Are Mythological Characters in Japan and Korea
theme 2 strand 1 memory design histories: tradition, transgression and transformations Mikyung Bak [email protected] Blucher Design Proceedings author(s) Dezembro de 2014, Número 5, Volume 1 Kyoto University www.proceedings.blucher.com.br/evento/icdhs2014 The Folktale “Hokpuri Yongkam” and the Visual Representation of the Korean Dokkaebi abstract The Oni and the Dokkaebi are mythological characters in Japan and Korea. The question of the originality of the Dokkaebi has been raised because, although the Oni and the Dokkaebi are certainly different in many respects, the image of the Dokkaebi today is described as being identical to that of Oni. A prime example cited is an illustration for the folk story “Hokpuri Yongkam” [The Old Man with a Lump] in school textbooks during the colonial period (1910–1945). Almost all scholars insist that this illustration is evidence of an affection for Japanese colonial unification ideology and that the image thus has to be corrected urgently. Moreover, some of them also insist that the folktale itself is Japanese. In this paper, I want to show another possibility for the origin of this folktale and its visual representation of the Dokkaebi. keywords Dokkaebi, Oni, representation, visualization, colonial period Introduction The current visualization of the Dokkaebi has one or two horns and a long tooth, wears tiger-skin pants and carries a magic stick. While there are variations on this appearance, the horns and tiger-skin pants fundamentally symbolize the Oni, as well (Yanagida, 1951) and are used in many designs of Oni-based characters. The Dokkaebi is a beloved symbolic icon of Korean culture, showing up in animation, comics, soap operas, and movies. -
Dan-Gun Dan-Gun Is Named After the Holy Dan-Gun, the Legendary Founder of Korea in the Year of 2333 B.C
Dan-Gun Dan-Gun is named after the holy Dan-Gun, the legendary founder of Korea in the year of 2333 B.C. The history of the Dan-Gun Dangun Wanggeom was the legendary founder of Gojoseon, the first kingdom of Korea, in present-day Liaoning, Manchuria, and the Korean Peninsula. He is said to be the grandson of the god of heaven, and to have founded the kingdom in 2333 BC. Although the term Dangun commonly refers to the founder, some believe it was a title used by all rulers of Gojoseon, and that Wanggeom was the proper name of the founder. Dangun’s ancestry begins with his grandfather Hwanin, the “Lord of Heaven” (a name which also appears in Indian Buddhist texts). Hwanin had a son Hwanung who yearned to live on the earth among the valleys and the mountains. Hwanin permitted Hwanung and 3000 followers to descend onto Baekdu Mountain, then called Taebaek Mountain, where Hwanung founded Sinsi (“City of God”). Along with his ministers of clouds, rain, and wind, he instituted laws and moral codes and taught humans various arts, medicine, and agriculture. One day both a bear and a tiger came to Hwanung’s residence in prayer and asked to be transformed into humans. The god agreed to this gift but on the condition that they remain out of the sun for 100 days and eat only a sacred bunch of mug- worts and 20 garlic cloves. To this the animals agreed and followed his advice. The tiger was unable to keep up with the conditions, but the bear – a female called Ung- nyo – after only 21 days was transformed into a woman. -
Asia's Exotic Futures in the Far Beyond the Present
ARTICLE .1 Asia’s Exotic Futures in the Far beyond the Present Vahid V. Motlagh Independent Futurist Iran Abstract This paper attempts to deconstruct and challenge the dominant discourses with regard to the longer term futures of Asia. First the mentality of reviving the shining past as well as paying attention to the GDP growth rate in the race of the East to take over the position of leaders from the West is reviewed. An associa- tion is made between a memorable metaphor and the scenario of reviving the shining past. Then some guide- lines are introduced and applied to the far ahead futures of Asia including a) violating old implicit assump- tions by applying what if mechanism, b) identifying and articulating distinct value systems, and c) detecting weak signals that may hint to the next mainstream. Four scenarios are built within the rationale of transforma- tion scenario. The aim is to do exotic futures studies and to create alternative images. Such images not only may help shift the identity of future Asians but also influence today decisions and actions of both Asians and non Asians. Keywords: Asia, East, West, value systems, transformation scenarios, space technology, life technology Introduction In the wake of a new kind of globalization in the modern era sometimes it may appear rather silly to ask a total stranger a very typical question: "Where are you from?" The point is that some people are "placeless" in a sense that they do not belong to a specific country, culture, language, and etc. Placelessness and not having clear and vivid roots may result in potential gains and pains in the life of an individual to the extent that, a related postmodern notion has become fashionable nowa- days: to have "multiple identities" (Giridharadas, 2010).