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Ortizjuarezmiguel.Pdf (5.402Mb) U N I V E R S I D A D V E R A C R U Z A N A FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA REGIÓN VERACRUZ P O S G R A D O PROYECTO DE INTERVENCIÓN PROFESIONAL Modalidad Tesis SIMULACIÓN DEL PROTOCOLO IPV6 EN SISTEMAS HETEROGÉNEOS QUE PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE: MAESTRIA EN INGENIERÍA APLICADA PRESENTA: LIC. MIGUEL ANTONIO ORTIZ JUÁREZ DIRECTOR DE TESIS: MTRO. CARLOS ARTURO CERÓN ÁLVAREZ BOCA DEL RÍO, VERACRUZ JUNIO 2015 AGRADECIMIENTOS A mis padres. Con la mayor gratitud por los esfuerzos realizados para que yo lograra terminar mi carrera profesional siendo para mí la mejor herencia. A mi madre que es el ser más maravilloso de todo el mundo. Gracias por el apoyo moral, tu cariño y comprensión que desde niño me has brindado, por guiar mi camino y estar junto a mí en los momentos más difíciles. A mi padre porque desde pequeño ha sido para mí un gran hombre maravilloso al que siempre he admirado. Gracias por todo. A mis hermanos y abuelo. Por el apoyo moral y el ánimo que siempre he recibido de ustedes y con el cual he logrado culminar mi esfuerzo, terminando así ́ mi maestría. Al Mtro. Carlos Arturo Cerón. Gracias por su asesoría en esta Tesis, por su apoyo en este trabajo, ya que sin su ayuda no hubiera sido posible la realización. A mis amigos y compañeros de la maestría que siempre estuvieron apoyando en todo, en especial a mi amigo Antonio, que siempre fue el compañero de proyectos. ÍNDICE RESUMEN ............................................................................................................................ 1 CAPITULO 1. INTRODUCCIÓN .......................................................................................... 2 1.1 OBJETIVOS ........................................................................................................................... 5 1.1.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL .................................................................................................. 5 1.1.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ........................................................................................ 5 1.2 JUSTIFICACIÓN ................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 ANTECEDENTES CIENTÍFICOS ....................................................................................... 6 1.4 FACTIBILIDAD DEL PROYECTO ...................................................................................... 7 1.5 PROBLEMÁTICA .................................................................................................................. 7 1.7 INFRAESTRUCTURA .......................................................................................................... 7 1.8 HIPÓTESIS ............................................................................................................................ 8 1.9 METODOLOGÍA ................................................................................................................... 8 1.10 CRONOGRAMA ................................................................................................................. 8 CAPÍTULO 2. MARCO TEORICO ....................................................................................... 9 2.1 PROTOCOLOS DE INTERNET IPV4 Y IPV6 ................................................................ 10 2.1.1 HISTORIA DE INTERNET Y PROTOCOLO TCP/IP ................................................. 10 2.2 PROTOCOLO TCP/IP ........................................................................................................ 13 2.3 PROTOCOLO DE INTERNET VERSIÓN 4 (IPV4) ........................................................ 14 2.4 PROTOCOLO DE INTERNET VERSIÓN 6 (IPV6) ........................................................ 16 CAPÍTULO 3. TIPOS DE MECANISMOS DE COMUNICACIÓN ENTRE IPV4 A IPV6 Y PTOCOLOCOS DE ENRUTAMIENTO .............................................................................. 19 3.1 MECANISMO DSTM .......................................................................................................... 20 3.2 MECANISMOS SIIT ........................................................................................................... 21 3.3 MECANISMOS NAT-PT .................................................................................................... 24 3.4 MECANISMOS BIS ............................................................................................................ 26 3.5 MECANISMOS TRT ........................................................................................................... 29 3.6 MECANISMOS SOCKS64 ................................................................................................ 32 3.7 MECANISMOS BIA ............................................................................................................ 34 3.8 PROTOCOLOS DE ENRUTAMIENTO ............................................................................ 35 II 3.8.1 PROTOCOLO DE ENRUTAMIENTO RIP .............................................................. 37 3.8.2 PROTOCOLO DE ENRUTAMIENTO IGRP ............................................................ 41 3.8.3 PROTOCOLO DE ENRUTAMIENTO EIGRP .......................................................... 43 3.8.4 PROTOCOLO DE ENRUTAMIENTO OSPF ........................................................... 48 3.8.5 PROTOCOLO DE ENRUTAMIENTO BGP ............................................................. 49 CAPÍTULO 4. MÉTODOS Y MECANISMOS DE INTEGRACION IPV6 ............................ 52 4.1 TIPOS DE MECANISMOS PARA LA TRANSICIÓN DE IPV4 A IPV6 ....................... 53 4.1.1 TÚNELES ESTÁTICOS 6IN4 .................................................................................... 55 4.1.2 TÚNELES ESTÁTICOS GRE ................................................................................... 56 4.1.3 TUNNEL BROKERS ................................................................................................... 58 4.1.4 6PE y 6VPE .................................................................................................................. 59 4.1.5 TÚNELES AUTOMÁTICOS 6TO4 ............................................................................ 61 4.1.6 TÚNELES 6RD ............................................................................................................ 63 4.1.7 TEREDO ....................................................................................................................... 64 4.2 NUEVAS TÉCNICAS DE TRANSICIÓN ......................................................................... 65 4.2.1 NAT444 ......................................................................................................................... 65 4.2.2 NAT64 Y DNS64 .......................................................................................................... 68 4.2.3 464XLAT ....................................................................................................................... 70 4.2.4 DS-LITE ........................................................................................................................ 72 4.2.5 MAP ............................................................................................................................... 73 4.2.6 CONTEMPLACIÓN SOBRE LAS NUEVAS TÉCNICAS DE TRANSICIÓN ....... 75 CAPÍTULO 5. SIMULACIÓN DE IPV4 EN SISTEMAS DE DIFERENTES INFRAESTRUCTURAS ..................................................................................................... 77 5.1 SIMULACIÓN DE UNA RED IPV4 RIP .......................................................................... 78 5.2 SIMULACIÓN DE UNA RED IPV6 OSPF ..................................................................... 85 5.3 SIMULACIÓN DE UNA RED IPV4 E IPV6 OSPF Y RIP ............................................ 92 5.4 RESULTADOS .................................................................................................................. 104 CAPÍTULO 6. CONCLUSIONES ..................................................................................... 118 TRABAJO FUTURO ................................................................................................................ 120 FUENTES DE INFORMACIÓN ........................................................................................ 124 GLOSARIO ...................................................................................................................... 128 III ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Figura 1 Arquitectura DSTM (Nordmark, 2005) ..................................................... 21 Figura 2 Esquema SIIT para redes IPv6 (Nordmark, 2005) ................................... 22 Figura 3 Esquema SIIT para redes “Dual Stack” (Nordmark, 2005) ...................... 23 Figura 4 Esquema NAT-PT (Nordmark, 2005) ....................................................... 25 Figura 5 Esquema del mecanismo BIS. (Tsuchiya, Higuchi, & Atarashi, 2006) ..... 27 Figura 6 Esquema del mecanismo TRT (Dunmore, 2005) ..................................... 31 Figura 7 Diagrama del mecanismo Socks. (Cisco, 2012) ...................................... 32 Figura 8 Esquema del proxy Socks64 (Cisco, 2012) ............................................. 33 Figura 9 Routers ejecutando el RIP (Cisco, 2005) ................................................. 44 Figura 10 Calculo de trayecto más adecuado (Cisco, 2005) ................................. 47 Figura 11 Túnel 6IN4(Moreiras, 2014) ................................................................... 56 Figura 12 Túnel GRE (Moreiras, 2014) .................................................................
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