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Introduction Indian Problems, Indian Solutions
INTRODUCTION Indian Problems, Indian Solutions On March 29, 1899, in the midst of a civil war pitting the Liberals against the Conservatives, the Liberal Party supporter and Aymara in- digenous community leader of Peñas, Juan Lero, received a letter from a neighboring Indian community leader. Its author confirmed support for the Liberal Party and a willingness to coordinate military efforts among Bolivia’s highland indigenous communities on behalf of the Lib- eral leader, General José M. Pando. “I write to inform you,” stated José Maria Galligo, the community leader of Guayllani, “that here we are ready to take up the railroad tracks and fight against Alonso [president of Bolivia and head of the Conservative Party]. Please tell us on which day we should mobilize. We await your reply.”1 This correspondence illustrates the network of indigenous community leaders that developed in the second half of the nineteenth century in Bolivia. These leaders played key roles in defending their community lands, in petitioning the government, in brokering political alliances, and in testifying in court- rooms. Cesiliano Gallego, the Aymara community authority of Merque Aimaya, assured Juan Lero in April 1899, just days before the end of the civil war, that the people of Merque Aimaya would also lend their support to the Liberals’ final push for victory. “I got your letter . in which you told us to prepare our community,” he wrote. “We are ready for tomorrow; wait for us and we will bring honor to Pando’s forces.”2 1 © 2013 University of Pittsburgh Press. All rights reserved. 2 | INTRODUCTION Figure 1. -
Applied Research on Decentralization of Health Systems in Latin America
June 2000 34 Applied Research on Decentralization of Health Systems in Latin America: Bolivia Case Study Applied Research on Decentralization of Health Systems in Latin America: Bolivia Case Study Thomas J. Bossert, PhD Harvard School of Public Health Fernando Ruiz Mier KPMG/Bolivia Scarlet Escalante Independent Consultant Marina Cardenas Independent Consultant Bruno Guisani Independent Consultant Katherina Capra Independent Consultant Joel Beauvais, BA Harvard School of Public Health Diana Bowser, MPH Harvard School of Public Health June 2000 This publication was produced by the Data for Decision Making Project at the Harvard School of Public Health, funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development under Cooperative Agreement No. DPE-5991-A-00-1052-00. It was done in collaboration with the Latin America and Caribbean Health Sector Reform Initiative, funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development under Contract No. HRN- 5974-C-00-5024-00. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYM LIST .............................................................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.................................................................................................... v INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1 METHODOLOGY & THE DECISION-SPACE APPROACH ........................................................... -
Priority Contribution Quantifying the Illegal Parrot Trade in Santa Cruz De La Sierra, Bolivia, with Emphasis on Threatened Spec
Bird Conservation International (2007) 17:295–300. ß BirdLife International 2007 doi: 10.1017/S0959270907000858 Printed in the United Kingdom Priority contribution Quantifying the illegal parrot trade in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, with emphasis on threatened species MAURICIO HERRERA HURTADO and BENNETT HENNESSEY Summary We monitored the illegal pet trade in Los Pozos pet market from August 2004 to July 2005. As indicated in Bolivian law, all unauthorized trade in wild animal species is illegal, especially species considered threatened by IUCN. During this period, we recorded 7,279 individuals of 31 parrot species, including four threatened species, two of which were being transported from Brazil through Bolivia to markets in Peru. The most frequently sold species was the Blue-fronted Parrot Amazona aestiva with 1,468 individuals observed during our study, the majority of which (94%) were believed to have been captured in the wild. Most of the purchased birds remain within Bolivia, while the more expensive, threatened species frequently head to Peru; some individuals may even reach Europe. We believe our study describes only a small proportion of the Bolivian parrot trade, underscoring the potential extent of the illegal pet trade and the need for better Bolivian law enforcement. Resumen Monitoreamos el comercio ilegal de aves en el mercado de mascotas de Los Pozos, desde agosto de 2004 a julio de 2005. De acuerdo a lo que establece la ley boliviana, todo comercio no autorizado de animales salvajes es ilegal, especialmente de especies consideradas Amenazadas por la IUCN. Durante este periodo, grabamos 7.279 individuos de 31 especies de loros, incluyendo 4 especies amenazadas, de las cuales dos fueron transportadas desde Brasil a trave´s de Bolivia hacia mercados en Peru´ . -
Former Dictator and President Banzer Dies LADB Staff
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository NotiSur Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) 5-10-2002 Former Dictator and President Banzer Dies LADB Staff Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/notisur Recommended Citation LADB Staff. "Former Dictator and President Banzer Dies." (2002). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/notisur/13023 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NotiSur by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LADB Article Id: 53105 ISSN: 1089-1560 Former Dictator and President Banzer Dies by LADB Staff Category/Department: Bolivia Published: 2002-05-10 Bolivia's former President Hugo Banzer, who resigned in August 2001 after being diagnosed with lung cancer, died May 5. He was 75 years old. To his supporters, his greatest achievement was his political journey from Latin American dictator in the 1970s to elected civilian leader in the late 1990s. To his critics, the repression carried out during his years as a dictator, for which he was never held accountable, made him a symbol of impunity. When Banzer resigned, then Vice President Jorge Quiroga assumed the presidency for the rest of Banzer's term, which ends in August 2002 (see NotiSur, 2001-08-03). Under Bolivian law, Quiroga cannot run for president in the June 30 elections. Banzer, a cigarette smoker, was diagnosed in July 2001 by doctors at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, DC, with lung cancer that had spread to his liver. -
819 Decreto Supremo Nº 20354 De 25 De Julio De 1984
Compendio Normativo de Leyes Tomo 3 819 DECRETO SUPREMO Nº 20354 DE 25 DE JULIO DE 1984 HERNAN SILES ZUAZO PRESIDENTE CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA REPUBLICA CONSIDERANDO: Que mediante Licitación Pública No. 1.GC/83, la Empresa Nacional de Fundiciones convocó a las compañías aseguradoras del país, con el objeto de adjudicar un contrato de seguro flotante destinado a cubrir el transporte de su producción de metálico de la gestión de 1984, hacia mercados del exterior. Que habiéndose procesado dicha licitación de conformidad a la Ley de Adquisiciones No. 15223 de 30 de diciembre de 1977, la Junta de Licitaciones del Sector Minero Metalúrgico, previo informe de la Comisión Calificadora, ha resuelto adjudicar el mencionado contrato de seguro a la compañía de Seguros Illimani S.A.: Que los antecedentes de la adjudicación, demuestran que la mencionada Junta de Licitaciones, a tiempo de resolver la adjudicación, ha dado estricto cumplimiento a las normas y requisitos previstos en la Ley de Adquisiciones vigente en el país, por lo que corresponde su aprobación mediante la presente disposición a los efectos de la suscripción del contrato de seguro correspondiente: EN CONSEJO DE MINISTROS, DECRETA: ARTÍCULO PRIMERO.- Se aprueba la adjudicación de un contrato de seguro flotante, dentro de la licitación No. 1.GC/83, efectuada por la Junta de Licitaciones del Sector Minero Metalúrgico en favor de la Compañía de Seguros Illimani S.A., destinado a cubrir al transporte de la producción de metálico, de la Empresa Nacional de Fundiciones programada para el año 1984, por un primaje estimado para este año de DOSCIENTOS SESENTA MIL 00/100 DOLARES AMERICANOS ($us. -
Comunicacion
BANCOCENTRALDELAREPUBLICAARGENTINA __________________________________________________________________ COMUNICACION"B"5630I27/06/94 __________________________________________________________________ ALASENTIDADESFINANCIERAS: Ref.:CircularCOPEX-1Cap.III,punto1.3. ConveniosdePagosyCreditos ReciprocosdelaALADIylaRepublica Dominicana.Actualizaciondela nominadeinstitucionesautorizadas delexterior. NosdirigimosaUds.conreferenciaalaComunicacion"B" 5614del31demayode1994(CircularCOPEX-1,Cap.III,punto 1.3.),mediantelacualleshicimosconocereltextoordenadoy actualizadodelanominadeInstitucionesAutorizadasparaoperar dentrodelosConveniosdePagosyCreditosReciprocos,delos paisesparticipantesenelsistemadelaAsociacion LatinoamericanadeIntegracion(A.L.A.D.I.)ydelaRepublica Dominicana. Alrespecto,llevamosasuconocimientoqueseefectuaron lassiguientesmodificaciones: 1.EXCLUSION EnREPUBLICADECOLOMBIA LaGRANFINANCIERACORPORACIONFINANCIERAS.A.,ensuplazade SantaFedeBogota,concodigo2826. 2.INCLUSION EnREPUBLICAFEDERATIVADELBRASIL ElBANCOLAVRAS.A.,conplazaenSaoPauloycodigo1600. ElBANCOPATENTES.A.,conplazaenSaoPauloycodigo1599. 3.MODIFICACION EnREPUBLICADEBOLIVIA ElBANCOPOPULARS.A.,pasaadenominarseBANCODECREDITODE BOLIVIA.,conservandolamismaplazaycodigo(719). EnREPUBLICADECOLOMBIA LaCORPORACIONFINANCIERADEDESARROLLOINDUSTRIALYMINERO S.A.,pasaadenominarseCORPORACIONFINANCIERADEDESARROLLO INDUSTRIALYAGRARIO,conservandolamismaplazaycodigo (2810). EnREPUBLICAORIENTALDELURUGUAY LaCOMPANIAGENERALDENEGOCIOSCASABANCARIA,pasaa denominarseINSTITUCIONFINANCIERAEXTERNACOMPANIAGENERALDE -
Rativo De Las Coaliciones Democráticas En Bolivia (1952 Y 1985) María Teresa Pinto Las Élites Y El Pueblo, Sus Alianzas Y Sus Divi- Siones
Las élites y el pueblo, sus alianzas y sus divisiones. Estudio comparativo de las coaliciones democráticas en Bolivia (1952 y 1985) María Teresa Pinto Las élites y el pueblo, sus alianzas y sus divi- siones. Estudio compa- rativo de las coaliciones democráticas en Bolivia (1952 y 1985)* **María Teresa Pinto RESUMEN Bolivia es el único país de América del Sur que ha vivido una revolución popular de dimensiones políticas y sociales importantes. Tuvo una de las dictaduras más severas y represivas de la región andina y, en la actualidad, ha encontrado una estabilidad democrática. ¿Qué factores nos explican esta trayectoria? Y, más específicamente, ¿qué factores han contribuido a establecer los períodos democráticos en este país? El presente artículo pretende comparar dichos procesos democráticos a través de puntos de encuentro que permitan responder estas preguntas, además de conocer las condiciones que favorecen las alianzas de gobierno y la estabilidad democrática, y no la estabili- dad autoritaria. La autora utiliza la aproximación metodológica de Yashar, que propone analizar las coaliciones favorables al establecimiento de la democracia en un país determinado. Palabras claves: élites, alianzas, Bolivia. [88] The elites and the people, their alliances and divisions. A comparative study of the democratic coalitions in Bolivia (1952 and 1985) SUMMARY Bolivia is the only country of South America which has gone through a popular revolution of important political and social dimensions. It had to support one of the most severe and repressive dictatorships of the Andean region and at present has encountered democratic stability. Which factors help to explain this trajectory? And, furthermore, what factors have contributed to establish the democratic periods in this country? This article attempts to compare such democratic processes through points of encounter which permit to respond these questions, besides knowing the conditions which favor the government alliances and democratic stability and not authoritarian stability. -
OEA/Ser.G CP/Doc. 4115/06 8 May 2006 Original: English REPORT OF
OEA/Ser.G CP/doc. 4115/06 8 May 2006 Original: English REPORT OF THE ELECTORAL OBSERVATION MISSION IN BOLIVIA PRESIDENTIAL AND PREFECTS ELECTIONS 2005 This document is being distributed to the permanent missions and will be presented to the Permanent Council of the Organization ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES REPORT OF THE ELECTORAL OBSERVATION MISSION IN BOLIVIA PRESIDENTIAL AND PREFECTS ELECTIONS 2005 Secretariat for Political Affairs This version is subject to revision and will not be available to the public pending consideration, as the case may be, by the Permanent Council CONTENTS MAIN ABBREVIATIONS vi CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Electoral Process of December 2005 1 B. Legal and Electoral Framework 3 1. Electoral officers 4 2. Political parties 4 3. Citizen groups and indigenous peoples 5 4. Selection of prefects 6 CHAPTER II. MISSION BACKGROUND, OBJECTIVES AND CHARACTERISTICS 7 A. Mission Objectives 7 B. Preliminary Activities 7 C. Establishment of Mission 8 D. Mission Deployment 9 E. Mission Observers in Political Parties 10 F. Reporting Office 10 CHAPTER III. OBSERVATION OF PROCESS 11 A. Electoral Calendar 11 B. Electoral Training 11 1. Training for electoral judges, notaries, and board members11 2. Disseminating and strengthening democratic values 12 C. Computer System 13 D. Monitoring Electoral Spending and Campaigning 14 E. Security 14 CHAPTER IV. PRE-ELECTION STAGE 15 A. Concerns of Political Parties 15 1. National Electoral Court 15 2. Critical points 15 3. Car traffic 16 4. Sealing of ballot boxes 16 5. Media 17 B. Complaints and Reports 17 1. Voter registration rolls 17 2. Disqualification 17 3. -
Lista De Unidades Educativas Con Alta Demanda, Donde Se Deberá Proceder Con La Preinscripción Y Sorteo Cnl
PASOS PARA LA PREINSCRIPCIÓN ESCOLAR 2018 Los padres que quieran inscribir a sus hijas, hijos a una unidad El padre, madre o tutor verifica el registro de la educativa de alta demanda, tendrán prioridad en los siguientes casos: 1 6 o el postulante. a. La o el estudiante debe tener un hermano/a en la unidad educativa b. La o el estudiante debe vivir cerca a la unidad educativa c. La madre, padre o tutor debe trabajar en cercanías de la unidad educativa Exigir la entrega del talón del formulario como 7 constancia de la preinscripción y contraseña Organizar la documentación correspondiente 2 (certificación de parentesco en la unidad educativa, para el sorteo. recibos de luz o agua, certificado de trabajo del padre) que respalde la preinscripción en uno de los casos anteriores del paso uno. Asistir puntualmente el día y hora del sorteo a 8 la unidad educativa correspondiente. 3 Solicitar el formulario en la unidad educativa La dirección de la unidad educativa levantará un acta del que se aspira, según las condiciones 9 sorteo, con la nómina de los estudiantes beneficiados establecidas. rubricada por el o la director/a y el o la representante de la Junta de Padres y Madres de Familia. 4 Llenar el formulario con los datos solicitados En caso de resultar beneficiado mediante y firmar el mismo acompañando la documen- 10 sorteo, deberá regularizar la inscripción en la tación correspondiente. fecha señalada para la gestión 2018. Referente a la prohibición de preinscripción en más de una Entregar el “formulario” en la secretaría de la Unidad Educativa, se aclara que las madres y padres de familia 5 unidad educativa y firmar en el libro habilitado y tutores podrán preinscribir al primer año de escolaridad del para la preinscripción. -
Las Dictaduras En América Latina Y Su Influencia En Los Movimientos De
Revista Ratio Juris Vol. 16 N.º 32, 2021, pp. 17-50 © UNAULA EDITORIAL DICTATORSHIPS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THEIR INFLUENCE OF RIGHT AND LEFT MOVEMENTS SINCE THE 20TH CENTURY* LAS DICTADURAS EN AMÉRICA LATINA Y SU INFLUENCIA EN LOS MOVIMIENTOS DE DERECHA E IZQUIERDA DESDE EL SIGLO xx Juan Carlos Beltrán López José Fernando Valencia Grajales** Mayda Soraya Marín Galeano*** Recibido: 30 de noviembre de 2020 - Aceptado: 30 de mayo de 2021 - Publicado: 30 de junio de 2021 DOI: 10.24142/raju.v16n32a1 * El presente artículo es derivado de la línea Constitucionalismo Crítico y Género que hace parte del programa de investigación con código 2019 29-000029 de la línea denominada Dinámicas Urbano-Regionales, Economía Solidaria y Construcción de Paz Territorial en Antioquia, que a su vez tiene como sublíneas de trabajo las siguientes: Construcción del Sujeto Político, Ciudadanía y Transformación Social; Constitucionalismo Crítico y Género; Globalización, Derechos Humanos y Políticas Públicas, y Conflicto Territorio y Paz e Investigación Formativa. ** Docente investigador Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana (UNAULA); Abogado, Universidad de Antioquia; Politólogo, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín; Especialista en Cultu- ra Política: Pedagogía de los Derechos Humanos, Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana (UNAU- LA); Magíster en Estudios Urbano Regionales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín; estudiante del Doctorado en Conocimiento y Cultura en América Latina, Instituto Pensamiento y Cultura en América Latina, A. C.; editor de la revista Kavilando y Revista Ratio Juris (UNAULA), Medellín, Colombia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8128-4903; Google Scholar: https://scho- lar.google.es/citations?user=mlzFu8sAAAAJ&hl=es. Correo electrónico: [email protected] *** Directora de la Maestría en Derecho y docente investigadora de la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, investigadora de la revista Kavilando. -
Suspected Imperialist Plots and the Chaco War Roniger, Luis; Senkman, Leonardo
www.ssoar.info Fuel for Conspiracy: Suspected Imperialist Plots and the Chaco War Roniger, Luis; Senkman, Leonardo Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Roniger, L., & Senkman, L. (2019). Fuel for Conspiracy: Suspected Imperialist Plots and the Chaco War. Journal of Politics in Latin America, 11(1), 3-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/1866802X19843008 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC Lizenz (Namensnennung- This document is made available under a CC BY-NC Licence Nicht-kommerziell) zur Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu (Attribution-NonCommercial). For more Information see: den CC-Lizenzen finden Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.de Journal of Politics in j Latin America Research Article Journal of Politics in Latin America 2019, Vol. 11(1) 3–22 Fuel for Conspiracy: ª The Author(s) 2019 Article reuse guidelines: Suspected Imperialist sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1177/1866802X19843008 Plots and the Chaco War journals.sagepub.com/home/pla Luis Roniger1 and Leonardo Senkman2 Abstract Conspiracy discourse interprets the world as the object of sinister machinations, rife with opaque plots and covert actors. With this frame, the war between Bolivia and Paraguay over the Northern Chaco region (1932–1935) emerges as a paradigmatic conflict that many in the Americas interpreted as resulting from the conspiracy man- oeuvres of foreign oil interests to grab land supposedly rich in oil. At the heart of such interpretation, projected by those critical of the fratricidal war, were partial and extrapolated facts, which sidelined the weight of long-term disputes between these South American countries traumatised by previous international wars resulting in humiliating defeats and territorial losses, and thus prone to welcome warfare to bolster national pride and overcome the memory of past debacles. -
Oil Nationalizations in Bolivia and Mexico Established a Period of Tension and Conflict with U.S
The Oil Nationalizations in Bolivia (1937) and Mexico (1938): a comparative study of asymmetric confrontations with the United States Fidel Pérez Flores IREL/UnB [email protected] Clayton M. Cunha Filho UFC [email protected] 9o Congreso Latinoamericano de Ciencia Política ¿Democracias en Recesión? Montevideo, 26-28 de julio de 2017 2 The Oil Nationalizations in Bolivia (1937) and Mexico (1938): a comparative study of asymmetric confrontations with the United States I. Introduction Between 1937 and 1942, oil nationalizations in Bolivia and Mexico established a period of tension and conflict with U.S. companies and government. While in both cases foreign companies were finally expelled from host countries in what can be seen as a starting point for the purpose of building a national oil industry, a closer look at political processes reveal that the Bolivian government was less successful than the Mexican in maintaining its initial stand in face of the pressure of both the foreign company and the U.S. Government. Why, despite similar contextual conditions, was it more difficult for Bolivian than for Mexican officials to deal with the external pressures to end their respective oil nationalization controversy? The purpose of this study is to explore, in light of the Mexican and Bolivian oil nationalizations of the 1930’s, how important domestic politics is in less developed countries to maintain divergent preferences against more powerful international actors. This paper focuses on the political options of actors from peripheral countries in making room for their own interests in an international system marked by deep asymmetries. We assume that these options are in part the product of processes unfolding inside national political arenas.