The Cockroaches of the Genus Rhabdoblatta of Japan, the Ryukyus and Taiwan

Japan. J. Med. Sci. Biol., 20, 425-442, 1967

THE COCKROACHES OF THE GENUS RHABDOBLATTA OF JAPAN, THE RYUKYUS AND TAIWAN

SYOZIRO ASAHINA Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Health, Tokyo

(Received : May 4th, 1967)

SUMMARY : Nine species of the cockroaches of the genus Rhabdoblatta found in Japan, the Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan were examined. The names of six species were revised and the remaining three were described as new species .

An Epilamprid genus Rhabdoblatta contains large-sized brownish cockroaches dwell- ing among wild vegetation in southern Asia. They pass their larval stage usually among very humid environment, or occasionally in stream-waters. In the following pages an attempt was made to enumerate nine Asiatic species inhabiting South Japan, the Ryukyus and Taiwan. Six of them were already described but in need of an urgent emendation, the other three species were described as new on this occasion.

The majority of the specimens was collected, during 1963-1965 field surveys, by the members of U. S. -Japan Cooperative Science Program under the project of •g Zoogeo- graphy and ecology of Pacific Area Insects.•h Acknowledge is made of the partial financial support of this investigation through a grant from the Japan Society for the

Promotion of Science as part of the above-mentioned Program. The other materials dealt with here belong to : the Entomological Institute of Hok- kaido University, Sapporo, the Entomological Laboratory, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, the Entomological Laboratory, Ehime University, Matsuyama, the Entomological Labor- a tory, Tokyo Agricultural University, Tokyo, the National Science Museum, Tokyo, the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Tokyo, and my own collection. Sincere gratitude is made here to the authorities of the above-mentioned institutions for the privilege of studying their collections.

Genus Rhabdoblatta Kirby

Rhabdoblatta Kirby, 1903, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser, 7, 12, p. 276; Type-species : Epilam-

pra praecipua Walker, Ceylon Rhabdoblatta Shelford, 1910, Genera Insect., fasc., 101 p. 12 Rhabdoblatta Hanitsch, 1915, Journ. Str. Br. Roy. Asiat. Soc., 69, p. 73 Rhabdoblatta Bei-Bienko, 1950, Faun. URSS, Blattodea, p. 259 Rhabdoblatta Princis, 1951, Spol. Zool. Mus. Hauniens., 12, pp. 32-34, 36 Rhabdoblatta Princis, 1958, Opus. Ent., 23, p. 66; Type-species : •g Polyzosteria terraena Wal- ker (1868, p. 163) •h larva=Epilampra praecipua Walker, (1868, p. 196) adult

朝比奈正二郎(国立予防衛生研究所衛生昆虫部)

425 426 ASAHINA Vol. 20

The character of the genus Rhabdoblatta originally defined by Kirby (1903) was as

follows : •gPronotum elliptical, broader than long, nearly concealing the head ; tegmina

densely reticulated, the costal area with numerous slightly oblique transverse nervures,

the outer ones bifurcated ; costa strongly arched, apex produced into a strong but short

projecting angle, below which the hind margin forms first a shallow concavity, and then a long convexity, which passes gradually into the inner margin. Type Epilampra praecipua Walker, from Ceylon •h. This was modified by Shelf ord (1910) as below : •gCharactersCharacters - Vertex of head

freely exposed. Pronotum with its greatest width behind the middle, posteriorly strongly

produced. Tegmina and wings fully developed, the latter (except in R. yersiana Saus- sure) truncate at the apex, the former sometimes truncate at the apex, sometimes

rounded. Femora moderately armed. Tarsi long, posterior metatarsus biseriately spined

beneath, second and third joints with no spines at their bases, pulvilli large with spines

at the sides. •h

Hanitsch's description (1915) is almost the same as Shelford. According to Princis'

key (1951) the generic character of Rhabdoblatta may be : (1) •g Kopf von oben sichtbar,

(2) Beide Geschlechter mit voll entwickelten Flugorganen, (3) Hinterrand des Pronotums mesal mehr oder weniger eckig vorgezogen (wenn nicht so gestaltet, so sind Flugorgane

stark ruduziert oder gar fehlend, (4) Flugelspitzen abgesturzt oder zugespitzt (Pulvillus

des 2. Gliedes der Hintertarsi gross, von Dornchen umgeben ; sonst ist die Unterseite

des Gliedes unbedornt), (5) Kaudaler Metatarsus langer als, eben so lang wie, oder nur

unbedeutend kurzer als die ubrigen Tarsalglieder zusammen, (6) Kaudaler Metatarsus

unten bedornt, (7) Pulvillus des kaudalen Metatarsus apikal, mit seinem proximalen Ende

niemals bis zur Mitte des Gliedes reichend, (8) Alorien vorhanden, wenn auch manchmal

klein. •h

Princis (1958) checked Walker's type of •g Epilampra praecipua Walker•h (1868,

p. 196, from Ceylon) and found that it is an adult insect of •g Polyzosteria terranea Walker•h (1868, p. 163, from Ceylon), which had been thought by Walker to be adult insect. Princis changed, as the first reviser, the type species of Rhabdoblatta to be the latter insect and synonymized R. praecipua to R. terranea (Walker). On this occasion he designated 2•Š•Š of •gEpilampra praecipua•h as the lectotype (1•Š) and paratype (1•Š) of Rhabdoblatta terranea (Walker). There will possibly be synonyms for this genus, but w e had better wait for a forthcoming revisional arrangement in the Catalogue of Blattariae, probably under preparation by Dr. Princis.

1. Rhabdoblatta guttigera (Shiraki) (Pl. 1, Fig. 1, 2)

Blatta irrorata Thunberg (nec Fabricius), Dissertatio entom. novas insect, species sistens, Pars IV. Upsaliae, p. 76, 1784 (Japan, teste Princis, 1949) Epilampra guttigera Shiraki, Annot. Zool. Jap., 6 (1), p. 21, pl. 2, fig. 7 (•¬), 1906 •g Nur emn Exemplar (•¬) in der Sammlung von Herrn Dr. S. Matsumura aus Kiushu (Juli) •h Epilampra guttigera Shelford, Genera Ins., fasc. 101, p. 14, 1910 •gJapan•h Epilampra guttigera Matsumura [partim], Thous. Ins. Japan, Add., 1, p. 12, pl. 2, fig. 9, 1913 •Š (Kyushu, Okinawa [!], Taiwan [!]) Epilampra guttigera Matsumura, 6000 Illustr. Ins. Japan, p. 1374, 1931 •Š fig. (Kyushu, Oki- nawa [ ! ], Taiwan [ ! ]) Epilampra guttigera Shiraki, Insecta Matsum., 5 (4), p. 186, 1931 •g Japan-Kiushu •h •gType Ent. Mus. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Sapporo•h Epilampra guttigera Shiraki [partim] •Š, Icon. Ins. Jap., p. 2046, 1932 (Kyushu, Taiwan) Epilampra guttigera Matsumura [partim ?], Ill. Common Ins. Japan, 5, pp. 22, 31, pl. 6, fig., 1967 COCKROACHES OF GENUS RHABDOBLATTA 427

1933 •gKiushu, Okinawa, Formosa, China, India [ ! ] ; p. 22 •gKyushu, Okinawa [ ! ], Tai- wan•h [ ! ] Rhabdoblatta guttigera Princis, Opus. Ent., 14, p. 61, 1949 (Thunberg's type) Epilanrpra guttigera Shiraki [cartim ?], Icon. Ins. Jap. Ed. Secunda, p. 58, 1950 (Kyushu. Taiwan) Rhabdoblatta guttigera Eai-Bienko, Faun. URSS, Blattodea, p. 260, fig. 109, 1950 •Š (Nippon, Kyushu) Epilampra guttiger [ ! ] Ishihara, Shin-Konchu, 7 (12), pp. 2, 5, 1954 (Kyushu, Taiwan) Rhabdoblatta guttigera Asahina, Kontyu, 32 (1), p. 103 (Amami-Oshima, Tokunoshima) Rhabdoblatta guttigera Asahina, Icon. Ins. Jap. Col. nat, edita, 3, p. 62, p. 31 fig. 16, 1905 •¬(South Kyushu, Tanegashima, Amami-Oshima) According to Princis (1949) Thunberg (1784) listed a female cockroach as Blatta irrorata which specimen is now preserved in the Thunbergian collection in Uppsala and should correctly be identified as Rhabdoblatta guttigera (Shiraki).

Shiraki's type specimen, a male from •gKiushu•h which he believes to be preserved in the Hokkaido University collection has not been discovered by me. There was, instead, one female specimen bearing a label •gKushi•h. Later, it seems to me that Shiraki and Matsumura have mixed up this species with Taiwanese R. karnyi (Shiraki), but the following characters of R. guttigera are sufficient enough to recognize distinct specific status of this species.

1. Size smaller, body •¬ 27 mm, •Š 35 mm ; forewing length •¬ 26 mm, •Š 32 mm.

2. The dark spot on the frons not touching the clypeus in •¬ (Fig. 1), but often

reaching the clypeus in •Š.

3. The black marking on the centre of pronotum entire, usually without noticeable pale

area in it.

4. Forewing rather narrow, only the proximal costal area minutely spotted.

5. Hindwing palely darkened posterior to Cu.

6. Dorsal side of abdomen darkened especially in mature insects.

Text-fig. 1-4. Rhabdoblatta guttigera, •¬ Amakusa, Japan

1: Head, frontal view 2: Right hind tarsus, external view 3: Abdo- minal end, ventral view 4: Terminal process of right epiphallus. 428 ASAHIIVA Vol. 20

7. The supra-anal plate bilobed, median depression being very slight ; the subgenital

plate (hypandrium) almost quadrate with the left stylus being very thin (Fig. 3). 8. Right epiphallus terminated into a claw (Fig. 4).

9. Female supra-anal plate shallowly bilobed. This character seems of little diagnostic

value so far as all the species here treated.

Distribution : South and West Kyushu, Tanegashima, Yakushima, Nakano-shima, Ama-

mi-oshima, Okinawa-Honto.

Specimens examined :

Coll. Hokkaido Univ.: 1•Š •g Kushi •h, •g7/2•h, •g 2 •h, •g Epilampra n. sp. •h This specimen is designated here as allotype. Coll. Nat. Inst. Agr. Sci.: 1•¬ Sata-misaki, 30. V. 1952, leg. Hasegawa. Coll. Osaka Mun. Mus.: 1•¬ Nakanoshima (Tokara-group), 4. VI. 1953, leg. Miyamoto. Coll. Ehime Univ.: 1•¬ Nakanoshima, Tokara Isis., 26. V. 1962, leg. Sato ; 1•¬ Akagina, Amami-oshima, 11. VI. 1962, leg. Sato. Coll. Japan-US Co. Sc. Pr.: 1•¬ Yuwan-dake, Amami-oshima, 17. VII. 1963, leg. Kurosawa ; 1•Š Do., 29. VII. 1963, leg. Gressitt ; 1•Š Yona, Okinawa, 20. XI. 1963, leg. Iha. Coll. Asahina : 1•¬ Yona, Okinawa, 30. V. 1962, leg. Asahina ; 1•¬ Sata-misaki, 29. V. 1952, leg. Asahina ; 1•¬ Obase, Sata, 30. V. 1952, leg. Asahina ; 1•¬ Satamisaki, 26. V. 1958, leg. Y. Miyake ; 3•¬ 3•Š Kadoyama, Amakusa, VI. 1964, bred from larvae, leg. Asahina ; 1•¬ Takenoda, Tanegashima, 2. VI. 1960, leg. Asahina ; 1•Š Nishino-omote, Tanegashima, 13. VII. 1963, leg. A. Tanaka ; 1•¬ Miyanoura, Yakushima, 21. VI. 1936, leg. K. Nomura ; 1•Š Nakanoshima, Tokara, 26. VII. 1964, leg. A. Tanaka.

2. Rhabdoblatta takarana sp. nov. (Pl. 2, Fig. 1) A peculiar large insect, most closely allied to the preceeding species, with shortened wings, probably endemic to Takara-jima of the Tokara-group in northern Ryukyu Is- lands. Only female insects were obtained. 1. A broad-bodied species, body length 43 mm, forewing 30 mm. 2. Frontal marking of the head reaching clypeus with lateral branches (Fig. 5). 3. Pronotum very broad (breadth 17 mm), surpassing, in this respect, any species here treated, with distinct median dark area and numerous small spots. 4. Forewing distinctly marmorated with numerous minute marginal spots, apex not reaching the abdominal end. 5. Hindwing short, the anal lobe tinted with pale brown like that of R. guttigera and not so pale as R. yayeyamana. 6. Dorsal side of abdomen spotted with deep brown, differing in this respect from any of the other species here treated. Distribution : Takara Island in the Tokara-group. Perhaps an insular form isolated in Takara Island. The short wings will be useless for flight.

Specimens examined :

Coll. Tokyo Agr. Univ.: 1•Š (holotype) Takara-jima, Tokara-group, 17. VII. 1964; 1•Š (paratype) Do., leg. Nishikawa. Coll. Osaka Mun. Mus.: 1•Š (paratype) Takara-jima, 25. V-2. VI. 1953, leg. Kono.

3. Rhabdoblatta yayeyamana sp. nov. (Pl. 1, Fig. 3, 4)

This is a large cockroach and is the largest among Japanese Epilamprids.

1. Body length •¬ 35-38 mm, •Š 43-48 mm ; forewing length •¬ 30-36 mm, •Š 38-

43 mm.

2. The dark marking on the frons extends down to clypeus (Fig. 6), it is, in the 1967 COCKROACHES OF GENUS RHABDOBLATTA 429

Text-fig. 5. Rhabdoblatta takarana, •Š Takara Island Head, frontal view.

female, broader and occasionally provided with a branch toward the base of mandible. 3. Pattern on the pronotum allied to that of the preceeding species, with a large median spot which is entire in the male, but in the female often including irregular pale spots in it, the lateral semihyaline margin with numerous small spots and the median posterior area with distinct parallel-running short striae. 4. Forewing conspicuously speckled, with smaller spots in the central area but the cloudy pattern varies considerably with individuals, often very poorly spotted. 5. Hindwing yellowish brown in the anterior half, dark brownish in the anal field. 6. Dorsal side of abdomen pale brown in the males, darker in the females.

Text-fig. 6-8. Rhabdoblatta yayeyamana, •¬ Ishigaki Island

6: Head, frontal view 7: Abdominal end, ventral view 8: Terminal

process of right epiphallus. 430 ASAHINA Vol. 20

7. Supra-anal plate of male rather quadrate (Fig. 7), subanal plate similarly shaped as

the supra-anal with thinner left side stylus as that of R. guttigera.

8. Right epiphallus ending in a large claw (Fig. 8).

Distribution : Endemic to the two islands, Ishigaki and Iriomote, in the Yayeyama-

group of the Ryukyus ; rather common in the jungle stream-side, the larvae are aquatic and are found under submerged stones.

Specimens examined :

Coll. Kyushu Univ.: 1•¬ (paratype) Banna-dake, Ishigaki, 24. VI. 1934, leg. Esaki ; 1 •Š (paratype) Shika-Kabira, Ishigaki, 24. VII. 1934, leg. Esaki. Coll. Japan-US Co. Sc. Pr.: 1•¬ (paratype) Toro-gawa, Ishigaki, 17. V. 1964, leg. Shirozu ; 1 •Š (paratype) Omoto-dake, Ishigaki, 14. X. 1963, leg. Hirashima ; 1 •Š (paratype) Kaara-yama, Ishigaki, 12. XI. 1962, leg. Kaneko ; 1 •Š (paratype) Omoto-dake, Ishigaki, 29. X. 1963, leg. Hirashima ; 1 •Š (paratype) & 1 larva Sonai, Iriomote, 12. X. 1963, leg. Kuniyoshi ; 1 larva Ohara, Iriomote, 16. XI. 1963, leg. Yamasaki. Coll. Asahina : 1•¬ (holotype) 2•¬ (paratype) Balbido, Ishigaki, 7. VI. 1962, leg. Asahina ; 3•¬ 1 •Š (paratypes) Do., 6. VI. 1962, leg. Asahina ; 1 •Š (paratype) Tomino, Ishigaki, 19. VI. 1962, leg. Asahina ; 2 •Š (paratypes) Kaarayama, Ishigaki, 11. VI. 1962, leg. Asahina ; 1 •¬ (paratype) Do., 8. VI. 1962, leg. Asahina ; 1 •¬ Takeda, Ishigaki, 29. V. 1962, leg. Asahina ; 1 •Š (allotype), 1 •Š (paratype) Balbido, Ishigaki, 16. VI. 1962, leg. Asahina ; 2•Š Do., 6. VI. 1962, leg. Asahina.

4. Rhabdoblatta karnyi (Shiraki) (Pl. 1, Fig. 5, 6)

? Morphna maculata Karny [nec Br. v. W], Suppl. Ent., 4, p. 98, 1015 •g Yama no Taik, 1 •Š

X. 1908; Fuhosho, v-vii, 1909 1•Š; Taihanroku, 1 •¬; Taihorin, 1916, 1 •¬ 1 •Š ; Sokotsu, v. 1912, 2•¬1•Š•h Epilampra karnyi Shiraki, Ins. Matsum., 5 (4), p. 186, 1931 •g•¬•Š Formosa-Taihorin (VI), Ka- renko (VII, VIII), Taihoku (VII), Koshun (XI), Fuhosho (VII), Sokotsu (V), Yamano-Taiko

(X), Taihanroku (XI) •h ? Epilampra guttigera Shiraki [partim ?], Iconogr. Ins. lap., p. 2046, 1932 •gKyushu, Taiwan•h ? Epilampra guttigera Matsumura [partim ?], Ill. Comm. Ins. lap., 5, pp. 22, 31, pl. 6, 1933 •g Formosa, China [!], India [!]•h ? Epilampra guttigera Takahashi, Mushi, 10 (1), p. 39, 1937 (Taiwan, aquatic) ? Epilampra guttigera Chujo et Mitono, Taiwan-Sangaku, 10, p. 111, 1939 (Sozan, 18. IV. 1937) ? Epilampra guttigera Shiraki [partim ?], Iconogr. Ins. lap. Ed. Secunda, p. 58, 1950 (Taiwan) ? Epilampra guttiger [!] Ishihara [partim ?], Shin-Konchu, 7 (12), pp. 2, 5, 1954 (Taiwan)

1. A large species extensively marmorated on the dorsal side of the body. Body length •¬ 33-38 mm, •Š 40-42 mm ; forewing length •¬ 38-40 mm, •Š 36-38 mm.

2. Frontal marking of head well developed, reaching the clypeus with lateral extension

toward the base of antennae, and again to the base of mandibles (Fig. 9).

3. Pronotum very small in the male (width 10-11 mm), with median shield-like dark

marking including posterior pale spots and a pale middorsal stria. In the female the

pronotum is wider, 13 mm, irregularly marmorated. 4. Forewing well marmorated all over, with larger pale spots arranged along the costal

border.

5. Hindwing coloured like that of R. guttigera.

6. Abdomen pale yellow in immature males but darkened in aged ones. In the females

entirely darkened all over.

7. Male supra-anal plate (fig. 10) rather quadrate, shallowly concave in the posterior

border, subanal plate also quadrate but the border slightly raised on the left side

with the left corner lowered. The left stylus distinctly narrower than that of the 1967 COCKROACHES OF GENUS RHABDOBLATTA 431

9: Head, frontal view 10: Abdominal end, ventral view 11: Terminal process of right epiphallus.

right side. 8. The claw of right epiphallus large, well curved and allied to that of R. yayeyamana (Fig. 11). 9. Female abdominal end with the supra-anal plate distinctly bilobed. Distribution : Endemic to Taiwan, from low-land up to ca. 1000 m. It is rather curious why Karny identified this species with Malayan Morphna maculata Br. v. W., further it is much more strange why Shiraki mixed up his own guttigera Shiraki (1906) with once correctly established his own karnyi Shiraki (1931) ! This species is rather common in Taiwan, the adult insects are found among the jungle leaves, while the larvae are, according to Takahashi, aquatic and found in jungle streams. Specimens examined :

Call. Nat. Inst. Agr. Sc.: 1 •Š 11. VIII. 1941, leg. Nishimura ; 1 •Š Sozan, 3. VII. Coll. Japan-US Co. Sc. Pr.: 1 •¬ Honbu-kei, 750-800 m, 27. IV. 1965, leg. Shirozu, 1 •¬ Wulai , 27. V. 1965, leg. Asahina ; 1 •¬ Nanshanchi, 30. VI. 1965, leg. Kurosawa ; 1 •¬ Sozan , 18. VI. 1965, leg. Ito ; 1 •¬ Nanshanchi, 8. V. 1965, leg. Shirozu ; 1 •¬ Nanshanchi, 20. VI. 1965, leg. Shirozu ; 3 •¬ Sozan, 30. VI. 1965, leg. Shirozu ; 1 •¬ Baikei, 16. V. 1965, leg. Shirozu. Coll. Asahina : 1 •¬ Sozan, 7. VIII. 1936, leg. Asahina ; 1 •¬ Baibara, 20. VI. 1933; 1 •¬ Wulai , 8. VIII. 1961, leg. Mutuura ; 1 •¬ Rimogan, 1961, leg. M. H.

5. Rhabdoblatta formosana (Shiraki) (Pl. 2, Fig. 3-5)

Epilampra formosana, Shiraki, Trans. Sapporo N. H. Soc., 1 (2), p. 3, 1906 1 •¬ 1 •Š •gaus Formosa (Juli) •h Epilampra punctata Karny [nec Br, v. W., 1865], Suppl. Ent., 4, p. 98, 1915 •g Kankau (Ko- shun), VIII. 1908, IV. 1909, V-VIII, 1912 1 •¬ ; Taihanroku 1 •Š•h Epilampra formosana Matsumura, Thous. Ins. Jap. Add., 1, 12, pl. 2, fig. 11, 1913 •g Okinawa (Yayeyama), Taiwan•h Epilampra punctata Matsumura [nec Br, v. W., 1865], 6000 Illust. Ins. Jap ., p. 1374, 1931, •Š fig. •gOkinawa (Yayeyama), Taiwan•h Epilampra punctata Shiraki [nec Br, v. W., 1865], Ins. Matsum., 5 (4), p. 186, 1931 •g Formosa - Koshun (IV , V, VII), Kankau (IV), Taito (II, III), Shinchiku (VII), Taihoku (IX) ; Japan. 432 ASAHINA Vol. 20

- Okinawa (VIII) ; Ceylon•h

Epilampra punctata Takahashi [nec Br. v. W.], Mushi, 10 (1), 39, 1937 (Taiwan, semiaquatic) Epilampra punctata Ishihara [nec Br. v. W. ], Shin-konchu, 7 (12), pp. 3, 5, 1954 •g Ryukyu, Formosa, Ceylon•h Rhabdoblatta sp. Asahina, Second Rep. Kyushu Univ. Exp. Yayeyama Group, Ryukyus, p. 93, 1964 •g 1 •Š Koza-dake, Iriomote, 14. VIII. 1962, leg. Chujo ; 1 •¬ Uranai-gawa, Iriomote, 7. VII. 1963, leg. Miyatake ; 1 •¬ Shirahama, Iriomote, 27. VII. 1963, leg. Miyatake ; 1 larva Uranaigawa, Iriomote, 9. VII. 1963, leg. Miyatake.

Shiraki (1931) changed his own •gEpilampra formosana•h into •g Epilampra punctata Br. v. W.•h simply following Karny (1915) without any criticism. The true Epi- lampra punctata was described from Ceylon, and according to the original description (Br. v. W., 1865, p. 173) it is a small insect, •Š body 20 mm, forewing 19 mm, and does not coincide with the present species even in the other details. Karny (1919) said •g Die von Formosa vorliegenden Stð¹cke stimmen mit den Ceylonischen der Coll. Br. v. W. (Nr. 16649) gut ð¹berein, nur sind sie etwas dunkler and dichter punctiert. •h

There are two specimens labeled •gE. punctata, Ceylon•h in the collection of the

Entomological Institute of National Taiwan University which, in fact, do not agree at

all with the present insects. Furthermore, considering the distribution as shown by the

other species of this genus I am strongly inclined to believe •g formosana Shiraki •h will

have distinct validity and is not identical with Ceylonese •g punctata •h.

1. A medium-sized species, body length •¬ 23-25 mm, •Š 27-33 mm ; forewing length •¬ 24-25 mm, •Š 27-30 mm. Body brownish, minutely spotted with deep brown. 2. Frons pale brown, palely darkened between the eyes and a pair of brow-like mark- ings between the antennal sockets. On the base of clypeus there is a pair of small spots (•¬) (Fig. 12) or a brown transverse marking (•Š) (Fig. 13). 3. Pronotum minutely punctured over the dorsal surface, with larger black spots and irregular pale areas. The posterior margin distinctly produced with narrow short stripes arranged parallel (Fig. 14). 4. Forewing finely spotted with deep brown, rather minutely to the base and rather sparcely to the distal region. In immature individuals these spots are not very clear. The humeral ridge (base of R+M) usually black striped. 5. Hindwings pale brown, deeper in the anterior part, median portion including the anal field dark brown. 6. Dorsal side of abdomen brownish, becoming darker in the medial portion in aged insects. Stigmal spots not particularly darkened. Ventral side without any spot in males, sparcely punctured in females and with a black spot at the base of last segment. 7. Supra-anal plate of male well bilobed (Fig. 16), shorter than the subgenital plate, the latter is rather quadrate but irregularly bordered (Fig. 17). 8. Right epiphallus ending in a claw which has a remarkable posterior horn divided at the apex (Fig. 18). 9. Female abdominal end without any particular feature, the supra-anal lobe well bilobed and longer than the subgenital plate which in broadly rounded. Distribution : Yayeyama-Group in the Ryukyus, and Taiwan : Shiraki's type series came from Taiwan. The Taiwanese specimens are paler in general body coloration.

Specimens examined ;

Coll. Kyushu Univ.: 1 •Š Banna-dake, Ishigaki, 24. VII. 1934, leg. Esaki ; 1 •Š Sonai-Shirahama, Iriomote, 22. VII. 1934, leg. Esaki ; 1 •¬ Shika-Omotodake, Ishigaki, 30. VI. 1934, leg. 1967 COCKROACHES OF GENUS RHABDOBLATTA 433

Text-fig. 12-18. Rhabdoblatta forfnosana, 12, 13, 17, 18 Iriorote Island, 14-16 Ishigaki Island.

12 (•¬), 13 (•Š) : Head, frontal niew 14: Prothoracic tergum 15: Left hind tarsus, external view •¬ 16: Abdominal end, dorsal view •¬ 17: Abdominal end, ventral view •¬ 18: Terminal process of right epiphallus.

Esaki ; 1 •¬ Itajiki-gawa, Iriomote, 7. VII. 1963, leg. Miyatake ; 1 •Š Do., 9. VII. 1963, leg. Miyatake ; 1 •¬ Shirahama, Iriomote, 27. VII. 1963, leg. Miyatake ; 1•Š Gozayama, Iriomote , 14. VIII. 1936, leg. Chujo. Coll. Hokkaido Univ.: 1 •¬ Koshun, Taiwan, 6. VII. 1906, Matsumura (•g punctata •h !) Coll. Ehime Univ.: 2 •¬ Inaba, Iriomote, 9. VIII. 1962, leg. Sato & Arita. Coll. Japan-US Co. Sc. Pr.: 1 •¬ Hateruma, Iriomote, 5. X. 1963, leg. Kuniyoshi ; 1 •Š Omoto- dake, Ishigaki, 17. XI. 1963, leg. Yamasaki ; 1 •Š Nakara-gawa, Iriomote, 6. XI. 1963, leg.. Samuelson ; 1 •Š Sonai, Iriomote, 9. X. 1963, leg. Kuniyoshi ; 1 •Š Hateruma-mori, Iriomote, 5. X. 1963, leg. Ueno ; 1 •Š Ushiku-mori, Iriomote, 4. X. 1963, leg. Ueno ; 1 •Š Nanshanchi , 434 ASAHINA Vol. 20

Taiwan, 20. VI. 1965, leg. Shirozu ; 3 •Š Sozan, Taiwan, 25. V. 1965, leg. Asahina. Coll. Asahina : 1 •Š Balbido, Ishigaki, 16. VI. 1962, leg. Asahina ; 1 •¬ 1 •Š Kaara-yama, Ishigaki, 1. VIII. 1955, leg. Kano.

6. Rhabdoblatta takahashii nom. nov. (Pl. 2, Fig. 6, 7 ; Pl. 3, Fig. 1)

Periplaneta formosana Karny [partim !], Suppl. Ent., 4, p. 96, 1915, •gFuhosho, 2 •¬ 2 •Š ; Tai- horin, 1911, 3 •¬ ; Taihanroku, VIII. 1909, 2 •¬ •h Periplaneta formosana Shiraki, Ins. Matsum., 5 (4), p. 180, 1931 Hab. -Formosa - Shinten (VI), Shinchiku (VII), Musha (VII), Fuhosho (VII), Taihorin (V, VIII) •h •g Periplaneta formosana •h Takahashi, Mushi, 10 (1), p. 39, 1937

It is almost unbelievable that Karny (1915) placed this species in the genus •g Peri-

planeta •h ! He probably combined the male insect erroneously with a brachypterous female which might truly belong to a Blattid species. Shiraki (1931) followed Karny without any comment, thus, Takahashi (1937) later experienced a great paradox while working on the biology of the immature stage of this species, which showed aquatic habit like the other Taiwanese Rhabdoblatta species. He added that •gIt seems necessary to make a revision on the taxonomic position of this species.•h Unfortunately, •g Rhabdoblatta formosana •h was preoccupied by the preceeding species, we have to propose another new name •g takahashii •h as the substitute of it.

1. A medium-sized, slender, thin-bodied, black species. Body length •¬ 20-26 mm, 26 mm ; f orewing •¬ 23-26 mm, •Š 26 mm. 2. Head deep brownish black, with pale yellowish labium and clypeus except for the extreme base of the latter. Two spots of ocellar f enestra, the area between antennal sockets and compound eye are also pale yellow (Fig. 19). 3. Pronotum blackish brown with the lateral margin paler. In an aged insect the dark brown colour paling more or less. 4. Forewing generally blackish brown, this pattern is composed of olive-tinted very short streaks on the veins and blackish membrane. 5. Hindwing blackish brown in the anterior half, paler in the anal lobe. 6. Ventral side of thorax, which is actually represented by enlarged coxae, dark brown, contrary to pale brownish portion of the legs from trochanter to tarsus. 7. Abdomen pale yellowish brown entirely, but in the specimens from lowland of northern Taiwan a broad black longitudinal stripe present on the dorsal side of abdomen (Pl. 2, Fig. 7).

. Male abdominal end : Supra-anal plate shorter than the subgenital plate and broadly emarginated (Fig. 20), subgenital plate rather asymmetrical with a small crenulation at the middle. Cerci darker in colour (Fig. 21). 9. The right epiphallus is provided with a simple horn at the terminal claw (Fig. 22). 10. Female supra-anal lobe broadly bilobed (Fig. 23). Distribution : Confined to Taiwan, where apparently rather common around jungle streams. Specimens from the lowland of northern Taiwan have darker body coloration especially on the dorsal side of abdomen, whereas in higher altitude the body becomes smaller and the colouration pale. It is curious that the female insect is very scarce, only one specimen was taken by us, and a single specimen was found in the collection of National Taiwan University.

Specimens examined :

Coll. Hokkaido Univ.: 1 •¬ Suisha, 21. III., Matsumura-Formosa.

8 1967 COCKROACHES OF GENUS RHABDOBLATTA 435

Text-fig. 19-23. Rhabdoblatta takahashii, Taiwan

19: Head, frontal view •¬ 20: Abdominal end, dorsal view, •¬ 21: Do., ventral view 22: Terminal process of right epiphallus.

Coll. Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo : 1 •¬ Wulai, 26. V. 1925, leg. T. Kano ; 1 •¬ Kyu-Habon, 26. V. 1927, leg. T. Kano ; 1 •¬ Kaede, 29. V. 1929, leg. T. Kano. Coll. US-Japan Co. Sc. Pr.: 1 •¬ Sozan, 25. V. 1965, leg. Asahina ; 1 •¬ Wulai, 27. V. 1965, leg. Asahina ; 1 •¬ Do., 17. IV. 1965, leg. Miyamoto ; 1 •¬ Nanshanchi, 30. VI. 1965, leg. Kurosawa ; 1 •¬ Do., 8. V. 1965, leg. Shirozu ; 1 •¬ Do., 20. IV. 1965, leg. Shirozu ; 1 •¬ Do., 30. VI. 1965, leg. Yamasaki ; 1 •Š Do., 20. VI. 1965. leg. Shirozu.

7. Rhabdoblatta rustica (Stð¡l) (Pl. 3, Fig. 2-4)

Epilampra cribellata Shiraki [nec Stð¡l], Insec. Matsum., 5 (4), p. 186, 1931 •gFormosa - Koto- sho (VIII, III) ; Philippines•h Epilampra cribellata Matsumura [nec Stð¡l], 6000 Illustr. Ins. Jap., p. 1374, 1931 (Taiwan (Botel- Tobago), Philippines) •Š fig.

Shiraki (1931) identified this pale brown species from the island of Kotosho (Botel- tobago) as •gEpilampra cribellata Stð¡l, 1879•h without giving any reasoning. Dr. Princis, Lund, has very kindly checked my specimens and identified as above. A brief description is as follows :

1. Rather small pale brownish species. Body length •¬ 23-25 mm, •Š 25-27 mm ; forewing •¬ 23-24 mm, •Š 26-27 mm. 2. Head pale brown, when seen from anterior side sparcely punctured between the eyes, with a pair of ill-defined dark spots between the ocellar f enestra (Fig. 24). 3. Pronotum pale brown, minutely punctured with brownish spots, paler and semi- transparent laterally. 436 ASAHINA Vol. 20

Text-fig. 24-26. Rhabdobaltta rustica •¬, Botel-tobago (Ko-to-sho) 24: Head, frontal view 25: Abdominal end, ventral view 26: Terminal process of right epiphallus.

4. Forewing pale brown with brownish minute punctures which make 7-8 larger paler maculae. Hindwing pale brown without any dark coloured portion . 5. Male terminal abdominal segment with shallowly depressed supra-anal plate and a shorter subgenital plate which is irregularly outlined in the hind margin , somewhat forming two small protuberances at the middle (Fir. 25) . 6. Right epiphallus claw-shaped, without any horn but being cut rather obtusely (Fig. 26). Female supra-anal plate bilobed as usual. Distribution : The Island of Botel-Tobago (Kotosho) ; Philippines.

Specimens examined :

Coll. Hokkaido Univ.: 1 •¬ 10-14. IV. 1920, leg. Okuni . Coll. Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo : 5 •¬ 2 •Š 9. IV-10. V . 1929, Botel-Tobago, leg. T. Kano ; 1 •Š 7. V. 1929, leg. Ohbayashi ; 1 •¬ 5 •Š Botel-Tobago, leg. T. Kano ; 1 •¬ 3 •Š Do ., 9. V. 1939, leg. Hirayama.

8. Rhabdoblatta punkiko sp. nov. (Pl. 2, Fig. 2)

1. A large blackish species, supposedly confined to Taiwan. Only two female specimens

were captured. Body length 33 mm, forewing 28 mm.

2. Head brownish black, paler at the vertex and around eyes, maxillary palp also pale .

Lower half of the clypeus, labrum and external side of mandible brownish . The ocellar f enestra whitish (Fig. 27).

3. Pronotum pale brown, median portion and the posterior striae blackish ; the lateral

lobe spotted with about 15 large, and numerous minute punctures.

4. Forewing broad, apex stubbed with a small depression, rather evenly marmorated

all over.

5. Hindwing pale brown, deeper anteriorly.

6. Thorax, legs and abdomen including cerci wholly shining brownish black.

7. Supra-anal plate broadly rounded and divided into two lobes (Fig . 28). Distribution : Taiwan. Two female specimens were taken under the bark of a dead

tree trunk.

Specimens examined :

Coll. US-Japan Co. Sc. Pr.: 2 •Š Fen-chi-fu (Punkiko), Taiwan, 13. VII. 1964, leg. Asahina. One female halotype, the other female paratype. 1967 COCKROACHES OF GENUS RHABDOBLATTA 437

Text-fig. 27, 28. Rhabdoblatta punkiko, •Š Taiwan 27: Head, frontal view 28: Abdominal end, dorsal view

9. Rhabdoblatta humeralis (Shiraki) (Pl. 3, Fig. 5, 6)

Epilainpra humeralis Shiraki, Ins. Matsum., 5 (4), p. 187, 1931 •g•¬•Š Formosa - Shinten (VIII), Taihoku (VI-VIII); Tonkin (Two males preserved in Nat. Hist. Mus. Berlin)•h Epilampra humeralis Chujo et Mitono, Taiwan Sangaku, 10, p. 111, 1939 (Sozan, 18. IV. 1937) Shiraki (1931) described this species as new based on a pair of Taiwanese and two Tonkinese male specimens. The black stripe on the base of f orewing is, according to Shiraki, a peculiarity of this species. At present I am not sure if this is a good species or not. The characteristics of male insect may be as follows ;

1. Body dirty pale brown ; body length 27 mm, forewing 29 mm. 2. Head pale yellowish brown, vertex slightly darker and punctured. 3. Pronotum minutely punctured without large dark spot. 4. Forewing almost pale brown, a few sporadic whitish spots present. Basal 1/4-1/3 of the vein R striped blackish making a •ghumeral•h stria. 5. Hindwing pale brown except for the apical one third. 6. Abdomen pale brown, the dorsal side conspicuously dark coloured excepting the area around spiracles each of which is black dotted. 7. Supra-anal plate larger than the subgenital lobe, broadly but shallowly divided. Subgenital plate with a shallow depression (Shiraki said •ground behind ! •h). The 438 ASAHINA Vol. 20

Text-fig. 29. Rhabdolatta humeralis, •¬ Taiwan Abdominal end, ventral view.

styli are extremely small especially on the left side (Fig. 29). Distribution : Taiwan ; Hongkong, •g Tonkin (Shiraki, 1931) •h

Specimens examined :

Coll. Hokkaido Univ.: 1 •¬ Taihoku, Taiwan, VIII. 1927, leg. Yoshida. Coll. Asahina : 1 •¬ Tai-Po-Tau, Hongkcng, 21. IV. 1965, leg. Ueno.

Text-fig. 30. Distribution of the Rhabdoblatta species in Japan, the Ryukyus and Taiwan 1967 COCKROACHES OF GENUS RHABDOBLATTA 439

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 1-3

Plate 1. Fig. 1, 2. Rlurbdoblatta guttigera (Shiraki) マダラゴキブリ 1 : •¬ Amakusa 2: •Š Amakusa Fig. 3, 4. Rhabdoblatta yayeyainana Asahina ヤエヤママダラゴキブリ(新称) 3: •¬ Ishigaki Island, Holotype 4 : Ishigaki Island, Allotype Fig. 5, 6. Rhabdoblatta harnyi (Shiraki) タイワンマダラゴキブリ 5: •¬ Honbu-kei, Taiwan 6: •Š Tsao-shan, Taiwan

Plate 2.

Fig. 1. Rhabdoblatta takarana Asahina タカラマダラゴキブリ/新称) •Š Takara Island, Paratype Fig. 2. Rhabdoblatta punkiko Asahina クロマダラゴキブリ(新称) •Š Fen-chi-fu, Taiwan, Holotype Fig. 3-5. Rliabdoblatta forinosana (Shiraki) コマダラゴキブリ(改称) 3 : •¬ Ishigaki Island 4 : •Š Irio:note Island 5: •Š Yang-ming-shan, Taiwan Fig. 6, 7. Rltabdoblatta takahashii Asahina ホソマダラゴキブリ(改称) 6 : •¬ Keitao, Central Taiwan 7 : Yang-ming-shan, North Taiwan

Plate 3.

Fig. 1. Rhabdoblatta takahashii Asahina ホソマダラゴキブリ •¬ Nan-shan-chi, Taiwan Fig. 2-4. Rlzabdoblatta rustlca (Stð¡l) コウトウマダラゴキブリ(新称) , 3 : Botel-Tobago (Ko-to-sho), Taiwan 4 : •Š Botel-Tobago Fig. 5, 6. Rliabdoblatta humeralis (Shiraki) スジマダラゴキブリ(新称) 5 : •¬ Taipei, Taiwan 6 : •¬ Tai-po-tau, New Territory, Hongkong

P. S.: While proof reading was in progress, Princis' Catalogue of Blattariae, subordo Epilamploidea, 1967, was issued. A necessary change based on this Catalogue is Rhabdoblatta rustica which Dr. Princis previously identified as R. trivia/is, a synonym of rustica. (See page 435 and Text-Fig. 30 on page 438)

2 440 ASAHINA Vol. 20

P LATE1 1967 COCKROACHES OF GENUS RHABDOBLATTA 441

PLATE2 442 ASAHINA Vol.20

PLATE3