Post-Miocene Tectonic Evolution of Alidağ Anticline, Adiyaman, Turkey
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POST-MIOCENE TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF ALİDAĞ ANTICLINE, ADIYAMAN, TURKEY A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY EMRE SEYREK IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING MAY 2008 Approval of the thesis: POST-MIOCENE TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF ALİDAĞ ANTICLINE, ADIYAMAN, TURKEY submitted by EMRE SEYREK in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geological Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Canan Özgen _____________________ Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. Vedat Doyuran _____________________ Head of Department, Geological Engineering Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bora Rojay _____________________ Supervisor, Geological Engineering Dept., METU Examining Committee Members: Prof. Dr. Erdin Bozkurt _____________________ Geological Engineering Dept., METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bora Rojay _____________________ Geological Engineering Dept., METU Prof. Dr. Kadir Dirik _____________________ Geological Engineering Dept., HU Prof. Dr. Vedat Toprak _____________________ Geological Engineering Dept., METU Ahmet Aytaç Eren, M.Sc. _____________________ Exploration Manager, Güney Yıldızı Petrol Üretim, Sondaj Müteahhitlik ve Tic. A.Ş. Date: 06.05.2008 I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Emre Seyrek Signature : iii ABSTRACT POST-MIOCENE TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF ALİDAĞ ANTICLINE, ADIYAMAN, TURKEY Seyrek, Emre M.Sc., Department of Geological Engineering Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bora Rojay May 2008, 100 pages Adıyaman region is situated within SE Anatolian Fold and Thrust Belt which is a part of Alpine-Himalayan Mountain Belt system. The Belt is evolved as Eurasian plate and Arabian plate amalgamates in SE Anatolia. There are two main contractional deformational periods, Late Cretaceous and Late Miocene, which are followed by a strike slip deformation, during post-Late Miocene characterizing the tectonics of SE Anatolia. Series of folds and thrusts have a trend of almost ENE-WSW direction. The analysis on bedding planes and folds shows around N70E trend. On the other hand, two overthrusts that are closely linked to the folds and a sinistral strike-slip fault with reverse component are differentiated. The overthrust belt with ENE-WSW trend bounds the study area from north with a vergence from north to south and situated on top of folded upper Miocene sequences. Another overthrust and a cross-cutting strike slip fault with reverse component –Adıyaman Fault- form a “pop-up” structure (positive flower structure) which is characteristic for in a transpressional regimes manifested in geological cross-sections done from borehole correlations and seismic sections. iv To conclude, by combining the surface (field data) and subsurface data (seismic and borehole data), the Alidağ anticlinal structure that is formed along the Adıyaman Fault are developed after the Late Miocene under transpressional regime. Keywords: Adıyaman, SE Anatolia, Alidağ Anticline, Post-Miocene, Deformation. v ÖZ ALİDAĞ ANTİKLİNALİNİN MİYOSEN SONRASI TEKTONİK EVRİMİ, ADIYAMAN, TÜRKİYE Seyrek, Emre Y.Lisans, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü Tez Yöneticisi: Doç. Dr. Bora Rojay Mayıs 2008, 100 sayfa Adıyaman bölgesi, Alp-Himalaya Dağ Kuşağı Sisteminin bir parçası olan GD Anadolu Kıvrım ve Bindirme Kuşağının içinde yer alır. Kuşak, Avrasya ve Arap plakalarının GD Anadolu’da çarpışması sonucu oluşmuştur. GD Anadolu’nun tektoniğini karakterize eden iki ana sıkışmalı deformasyon dönemleri olan, Geç Kretase ve Geç Miyosen, Geç Miyosen sonrası doğrultu atımlı deformasyon ile takip edilir. Kıvrım ve fay dizilerinin gidişi yaklaşik olarak DKD-BGB yönelimindedir. Tabaka düzlemi ve kıvrım analizi K70D gidişi göstermektedir. Diğer taraftan kıvrımlarla yakından ilişkili iki bindirme ve ters bileşenli sol yanal atımlı bir fay ayırtlanmıştır. Çalışma sahasını kuzeyden sınırlayan DKD-BGB gidişlili ve kuzeyden güneye tektonik taşınma yönü olan bindirme kuşağı ve kıvrımlanmış Üst Miyosen istifine bindirir. Diğer bindirme ve onu kesen ters bileşenli doğrultu atımlı fay – Adıyaman Fayı- jeolojik kesitlerde ve kuyu korelasyonlarında da ortaya konduğu gibi transpresyonel rejimlerde karakteristik olan bir “pop-up” yapısı (pozitif çiçek yapısı) oluşturmaktadır vi Netice olarak, yüzey (saha verileri) ve yeraltı verileri (sismik ve kuyu bilgileri) birleştirilerek Alidağ antiklinal yapısını oluşturan Adıyaman Fayı’nın tektonik evriminin Geç Miyosen’den sonrası transpresyonel rejim ürünüdür. Anahtar Sözcükler: Adıyaman, GD Anadolu, Alidağ Antiklinali, Miyosen sonrası, Deformasyon. vii To My Family, viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, the author wishes to express his gratitude and appreciation to his supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bora Rojay for their guidance, advice, criticism, encouragements and insight throughout the research. The author would also like to thank to Aytaç Eren (MSc) and Dr. Mehmet Erdoğdu for their suggestions and comments. He expresses his gratitude to Cenk Yardımcılar (MSc) for his helps during the analysis of geophysical studies. The author thanks to Prof. Dr. Vedat Toprak, Prof. Dr. Erdin Bozkurt and Prof. Dr. Kadir Dirik for their suggestions related to content of the study. He would also thank to his brother Eren for his helps during the thesis studies. Lastly, the author would like to thank to the administration of the company Aladdin Middle East, Ltd. for the permission and helps for using the company’s archive for the thesis and for letting him to conduct the field excursion study. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT................................................................................................................ iv ÖZ ...............................................................................................................................vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..........................................................................................ix TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................. x LIST OF TABLES .....................................................................................................xii LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................xiii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Purpose and Scope ...................................................................................... 1 1.2. Geographic Location.................................................................................. 2 1.3 Methods of study......................................................................................... 4 1.4 Previous studies........................................................................................... 5 1.5 Geological setting of the Adıyaman region ................................................ 9 2. STRATIGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 14 2.1 Surface Stratigraphy.................................................................................. 14 2.1.1 Upper Germav Formation (Tşg)................................................ 14 2.1.2 Midyat Group (Tm) ................................................................... 16 2.1.3 Şelmo Formation (Tş)................................................................ 17 2.1.4 Alluvium (Qa) ........................................................................... 18 2.2 Borehole Stratigraphy ............................................................................... 19 2.2.1 Derik Group (€d) ....................................................................... 33 2.2.2 Mardin Group (Km) .................................................................. 33 2.2.3 Adıyaman Group (Ka)............................................................... 34 2.2.3.1 Karaboğaz Formation (Kk)......................................... 35 2.2.3.2 Sayındere Formation (Ks) .......................................... 35 2.2.4 Şırnak Group (KTş)................................................................... 36 2.2.5 Karadut Allochtonous Complex (Kka)...................................... 37 x 2.2.6 Midyat Group (Tm) ................................................................... 37 2.2.5 Şelmo Formation (Tş)................................................................ 37 3. STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY .......................................................................... 39 3.1 Attitude of Bedding................................................................................... 39 3.1.1 Surface Data........................................................................................... 39 3.1.2 Subsurface Data (Dipmeter Data) .......................................................... 41 3.2 Folding ...................................................................................................... 47 3.3 Unconformities.......................................................................................... 55 3.4 Faults......................................................................................................... 56 4. CORRELATION