Textual Notes and Abbreviations Textual Notes and Abbreviations

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Textual Notes and Abbreviations

I have attempted to keep as close to the original transcription as is compat- ible with reasonably idiomatic English. This has most often meant some modifying of sentence structures, and on other occasions altering as well the structures of paragraphs: in several instances, I rearranged paragraph order and their punctuation. My aim throughout has been to serve the in- terests of the reader, who cannot benefit from inflections of speech as did the original auditors. To elucidate satisfactorily the range and subtlety of Henrich’s argument, I have provided a good deal more in the way of scholarly aid than many English readers are accustomed to find. The footnotes throughout the volume were not originally included in the lectures; I have consulted with Henrich throughout their preparation, but the final responsibility for them rests solely with me. Despite my best efforts, and all of those who have helped me, mistakes doubtless have remained undetected. Although I take solace in the counsel from no less a forger of the contemporary standards of historical scholar- ship than Spinoza—“nullus liber unquam sine mendis repertus est”—I shall nonetheless be grateful to those who, upon discovering errors, will report them to me.

Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814)

ANPW An Attempt at a New Presentation of the Wissenschaftslehre. In Introduc- tions to the Wissenschaftslehre and Other Writings. Edited and translated Dan- iel Breazeale. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1994, pp. 1–118. AR “Review of Aenesidemus.” Translated Daniel Breazeale. In EPW, pp. 59–77.

xlv xlvi Textual Notes and Abbreviations

DW Darstellung der Wissenschaftslehre. Aus dem Jahren 1801–1802. In FW, vol. II (1845). All citations are given in accordance with the text of the GA, vol. II,6, ed. Reinhard Lauth and Hans Gliwitzky (1983), pp. 105–324. EM “Eigne Meditationen über ElementarPhilosophie” (1793–1794). In NS (1971), pp. 19–266. EPW Fichte: Early Philosophical Writings. Translated and edited Daniel Breazeale. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988. FTP Foundations of Transcendental Philosophy (Wissenschaftslehre) nova methodo (1796–1799). Translated and edited Daniel Breazeale. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992. FW Fichtes Werke. Edited Immanuel Hermann Fichte. 11 volumes. Berlin: Wal- ter de Gruyter, 1971 [I–VIII are a reprint of Johann Gottlieb Fichtes sämtliche Werke (Berlin: Veit & Comp., 1845–1846); IX–XI are a reprint of Johann Gottlieb Fichtes nachgelassene Werke (Berlin: Veit & Comp., 1834–1835)]. GA Gesamtausgabe der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Edited Reinhard Lauth, Hans Jacob, and Hans Gliwitzky. 34 volumes. Stuttgart–Bad Cannstatt: Frommann-Holzboog, 1964–. GEW Grundriss des Eigenthümlichen der Wissenschaftslehre in Rüksicht auf das theoretische Vermögen als Handschrift für seine Zuhörer. Jena and Leipzig: Christian Ernst Gabler, 1795. All citations are given in accordance with the text of the GA, vol. I,3, ed. Reinhard Lauth and Hans Jacob (1966), pp. 137–208. GgW Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre. Leipzig: Christian Ernst Gabler, 1794–1795. All citations are given in accordance with the text of the GA, vol. I,2, ed. Reinhard Lauth and Hans Jacob (1965), pp. 173–451. NS Nachgelassene Schriften. 1793–1795. First published as Johann Gottlieb Fichtes nachgelassene Werke. Edited Immanuel Hermann Fichte. Berlin: Veit & Comp., 1834–1835. All citations are given in accordance with the text of the GA, vol. II,3, ed. Reinhard Lauth and Hans Jacob (1971). ODCW Outline of the Distinctive Character of the Wissenschaftslehre with Respect to the Theoretical Faculty. In EPW, pp. 243–306. RA “[Rezension:] Ohne Druckort. Aenesidemus, oder über die Fundamente der von dem Hrn. Prof. Reinhold in Jena gelieferten Elementar-Philosophie. Nebst einer Vertheidigung des Skepticismus gegen die Anmassungen der Vernunftkritik” (1792). In Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung, 47, 48, 49 (11–12 Feb- ruary, 1794). All citations are given in accordance with the text of the GA, vol. I,2, ed. Reinhard Lauth and Hans Jacob (1965), pp. 31–67. SE The Science of Ethics as Based on the Science of Knowledge. Translated A. E. Kroeger, edited W. T. Harris. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co., 1897. SK Science of Knowledge: With the First and Second Introductions [1970]. Trans- lated and edited Peter Heath and John Lachs. Cambridge: Cambridge Univer- sity Press, 1982. Textual Notes and Abbreviations xlvii

SSPW Das System der Sittenlehre nach den Principien der Wissenschaftslehre. Jena and Leipzig: Christian Ernst Gabler, 1798. All citations are given in accordance with the text of the GA, vol. I,5, ed. Reinhard Lauth and Hans Gliwitzky (1977), pp. 19–317. Wnm “Wissenschaftslehre nach den Vorlesungen von Herr Professor Fichte” (ca. 1796–1799). In Nachgelassene Schriften, vol. II. Edited Hans Jacob. Berlin: Junker and Dünnhaupt, 1937, pp. 341–612. All citations are given in accordance with the text of the “Wissenschaftslehre nova methodo,” ed. Hans Gliwitzky, in GA, vol. IV,2 (1978), pp. 17–266.

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831)

ÄS “Das älteste Systemprogramm des deutschen Idealismus” (1796–1797). Edited Franz Rosenzweig. Heidelberg: Winter, 1917. All citations are given in accordance with the text of the Werke: Auf der Grundlage der Werke von 1832– 1848. Neu edierte Ausgabe, vol. I, ed. Eva Moldenhauer and Karl Michel Markus (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1971, repr. 1986), pp. 235–237. B Briefe von und an Hegel. Band I. Edited Johannes Hoffmeister. Hamburg: Felix Meiner, 1961. ESGI “The ‘Earliest System-Programme of German Idealism’ (Bern, 1796).” Translated H. S. Harris. In Hegel’s Development: Toward the Sunlight (1770– 1801). By H. S. Harris. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972, pp. 510–512. ETW Early Theological Writings. Translated T. M. Knox. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1948. FK Faith and Knowledge. Translated Walter Cerf and H. S. Harris. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1977. GlW Glauben und Wissen oder die Reﬂexionsphilosophie der Subjectivität, in der Vollständigkeit ihrer Formen, als Kantische, Jacobische, und Fichtesche Philosophie. In Kritisches Journal der Philosophie, 2,1. Tübingen: Cotta’sche Buchhandlung, 1802. All citations are given in accordance with the text of the GW, vol. IV, ed. Hartmut Buchner and Otto Pöggeler (1968), pp. 313–414. GPR Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts. Berlin: Nicolaische Buchhandlung, 1821. All citations are given in accordance with the Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts. Mit Hegels eigenhändigen Randbemerkungen in seinem Handexemplar der Rechtsphilosophie, in Sämtliche Werke. Neue kritische Ausgabe, vol. XII, ed. Johannes Hoffmeister (Hamburg: Felix Meiner, 1955). GW Gesammelte Werke. Edited Rheinisch-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften. 22 volumes. Hamburg: Felix Meiner, 1968–. PhG System der Wissenschaft. Erster Theil. Die Phänomenologie des Geistes. Bamberg and Würzberg: Joseph Anton Goebhardt, 1807. All citations are given in accordance with the text of the GW, vol. IX, ed. Wolfgang Bonsiepen and Reinhard Heede (1980). xlviii Textual Notes and Abbreviations

PR Philosophy of Right. Translated T. M. Knox. London: Oxford University Press, 1971. PS Phenomenology of Spirit. Translated A. V. Miller. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977. SL Hegel’s Science of Logic. Translated A. V. Miller. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1969. SsP Das System der speculativen Philosophie. Fragmente aus Vorlesungsmanuskripten zur Philosophie der Natur und des Geistes (1803– 1804). In GW, vol. VI, ed. Klaus Düsing and Heinz Kimmerle (1975). TJ Hegels theologische Jugendschriften (1793–1800). Edited Herman Nohl. Tübingen: Mohr, 1907. Reprint, Frankfurt am Main: Minerva, 1966. WL1 Wissenschaft der Logik. Erster Band. Die objective Logik. Nürnberg: Johann Leonhard Schrag, 1812. All citations are given in accordance with the text of the GW, vol. XI, ed. Friedrich Hogemann and Walter Jaeschke (1978). WL2 Wissenschaft der Logik. Zweiter Band. Die subjective Logik oder Lehre vom Begriff. Nürnberg: Johann Leonhard Schrag, 1816. All citations are given in accordance with the text of the GW, vol. XII, ed. Friedrich Hogemann and Walter Jaeschke (1981).

Dieter Henrich (1927–)

ATS “Die Anfänge der Theorie des Subjekts (1789).” In Zwischenbetrachtungen. Im Prozess der Aufklärung. Edited Axel Honneth, et al. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1989, pp. 106–170. BL Bewusstes Leben. Untersuchungen zum Verhältnis von Subjektivität und Metaphysik. Stuttgart: Philipp Reclam, 1999. BSMP “The Basic Structure of Modern Philosophy.” In Cultural Hermeneutics, 22 (1974): 1–18. CoR The Course of Remembrance and Other Essays on Hölderlin. Edited Eckart Förster, translated Abraham Anderson. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997. FOI “Fichte’s Original Insight.” Translated David Lachterman. In Contemporary German Philosophy, vol. I. University Park, Penn.: Pennsylvania State Univer- sity Press, 1982. FuE “Fichtes ursprüngliche Einsicht.” In Subjektivität und Metaphysik. Festschrift für Wolfgang Cramer. Edited Dieter Henrich and Hans Wagner. Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, 1966, pp. 188–232. All citations are given in accordance with the text of Fichtes ursprüngliche Einsicht (Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, 1967). GdA Der Gang des Andenkens. Beobachtungen und Gedanken zu Hölderlins Gedicht. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1986. Textual Notes and Abbreviations xlix

GmP “Die Grundstruktur der modernen Philosophie. Mit einer Nachschrift: ‘Über Selbstbewusstsein und Selbsterhaltung.’” In Subjektivität und Selbsterhaltung. Beiträge zur Diagnose der Moderne. Edited Hans Ebeling. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1976, repr. 1996, pp. 97–143. HaH “Hegel and Hölderlin.” In Idealiste Studies, 2 (1972): 151–173. All citations are given in accordance with Taylor Carmon’s translation in The Course of Re- membrance and Other Essays on Hölderlin, by Dieter Henrich, ed. Eckart Förster (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997), pp. 119–142. HJB “Hölderlin on Judgment and Being: A Study in the History of the Origins of Idealism.” Translated Abraham Anderson. In CoR, pp. 71–89. HuH “Hegel und Hölderlin.” In Hegel im Kontext, by Dieter Henrich. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1971, pp. 9–40. HUS “Hölderlin über Urteil und Sein. Eine Studie zur Entstehungsgeschichte des Idealismus.” Hölderlin-Jahrbuch 14 (1965–1966): 73–96. KJ “Karl Jaspers: Thinking with Max Weber in Mind.” First published as “Denken im Blick auf Max Weber,” in Karl Jaspers. Philosoph, Arzt, politischer Denker; Symposium zum 100: Geburtstag in Basel und Heidelberg, ed. Jeanne Hersch (Münich: Piper, 1986), pp. 207–231. All citations are given in accordance with Adrian Stevens’ translation in Max Weber and His Contemporaries, ed. Wolfgang J. Mommsen and Jürgen Osterhammen (London: Allen and Unwin, 1987), pp. 528–544. OTS “The Origins of the Theory of the Subject.” In Philosophical Interventions in the Unﬁnished Project of Enlightenment. Edited Axel Honneth, et al., translated William Rehg. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1992, pp. 29–87. SCIT “Self-Consciousness: A Critical Introduction to a Theory.” In Man and World 4 (1971): 2–28. SKET “Selbstbewusstsein. Kritische Einleitung in eine Theorie.” In Hermeneutik und Dialektik. Aufsätze [Hans-Georg Gadamer zum 70. Geburtstag]. Edited Rüdiger Bubner. Tübingen: Mohr, 1970, pp. 257–284. SuG “Selbsterhaltung und Geschichtlichkeit.” In Subjektivität und Selbsterhaltung. Beiträge zur Diagnose der Moderne, pp. 303–313. ÜSS “Über Selbstbewusstsein und Selbsterhaltung. Probleme und Nachträge zum Vortrag über ‘Die Grundstruktur der modernen Philosophie.’” In GmP, pp. 122–143.

Johann Christian Friedrich Hölderlin (1770–1843)

FvH “Fragment von Hyperion.” Edited Friedrich Schiller. In Thalia, vol. IV. Leipzig: Georg Joachim Göschen, 1793. All citations are given in accordance with the text of the StA, vol. III, ed. Friedrich Beissner (1957), pp. 161–184. l Textual Notes and Abbreviations

H HYPERION oder der Eremit in Griechenland. Erster Band. Tübingen: J. G. Cotta’sche Buchhandlung, 1797; and Zweiter Band. Tübingen: J. G. Cotta’sche Buchhandlung, 1799. All citations are given in accordance with the text of the StA, vol. III, ed. Friedrich Beissner (1957), pp. 1–160 (Erster Band, pp. 5–90; Zweiter Band, pp. 93–160). JB “Judgment and Being.” In Friedrich Hölderlin: Essays and Letters on Theory. Translated and edited Thomas Pfau. Albany: SUNY Press, 1988, pp. 37–38. StA Sämtliche Werke. Grosse Stuttgarter Hölderlin-Ausgabe. Edited Friedrich Beissner, Adolf Beck, and Ute Oelmann. 8 volumes. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1946–1985. US “Urtheil und Seyn” (1795). In StA, vol. IV,1, ed. Friedrich Beissner (1961), pp. 216–217.

Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743–1819)

Bw Briefwechsel. 1782–1784. Edited Peter Bachmaier, et al. In Briefwechsel. Gesamtausgabe, vol. I,3. Edited Michael Brüggen, et al. Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Frommann-Holzboog, 1987. CDS1 Concerning the Doctrine of Spinoza in Letters to Herr Moses Mendelssohn (1785). In MPW, pp. 173–251. CDS2 Concerning the Doctrine of Spinoza in Letters to Herr Moses Mendelssohn (1789) [excerpt]. In MPW, pp. 359–378. DHF David Hume on Faith, or Idealism and Realism: A Dialogue—Preface and also Introduction to the Author’s Collected Philosophical Works. In MPW, pp. 537–590. DHG David Hume über den Glauben, oder Idealismus und Realismus. Ein Gespräch. Breslau: Gottl. Löwe, 1787, 2nd edition 1815. All citations are given in accordance with the 1815 edition (Leipzig: Gerhard Fleischer) as it appears in the text of the JW, vol. II (1815), pp. 3–123. EAB Eduard Allwills Briefsammlung, herausgegeben von Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi mit einer Zugabe von eigenen Briefen. Erster Band. Königsberg: Friedrich Nicolovius, 1792. All citations are given in accordance with the text of the JW, vol. I (1812). EAC Edward Allwill’s Collection of Letters. In MPW, pp. 379–496. JW Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi’s Werke. Edited Johann Georg Hamann, Friedrich von Roth, and Friedrich Köppen. 6 volumes. Leipzig: Gerhard Fleischer, 1812– 1825. MPW The Main Philosophical Writings and the Novel Allwill. Translated George di Giovanni. Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1994. Spin Über die Lehre des Spinoza in Briefen an den Herrn Moses Mendelssohn. Breslau: Gottl. Löwe, 1785, 2nd edition 1789. Unless original editions are indi- cated as Spin (1785) or Spin (1789), all citations are given in accordance with Textual Notes and Abbreviations li

the composite edition published in Die Hauptschriften zum Pantheismusstreit zwischen Jacobi und Mendelssohn, ed. Heinrich Scholz, in Neudrucke seltener philosophischer Werke, vol. VI, ed. Kantgesellschaft (Berlin: Reuther and Reichard, 1916).

Immanuel Kant (1724–1804)

AA Kant’s gesammelte Schriften. Edited Königlich Preussische Akademie. 29 volumes. Berlin: Georg Reimer Verlag, 1910–. (Volumes IX, XIIIff have imprint: Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co.) Bem “Bemerkungen zu den Beobachtungen über das Gefühl des Schönen und Erhabenen” (1764). In Immanuel Kants Sämmtliche Werke, vol. XI,1. Edited Karl Rosenkranz and K. W. Schubert. Leipzig: Friedrich Wilhelm Schubert, 1842, pp. 221–260. All citations are given in accordance with the text of the HN, pp. 1–192. Bw Kant’s Briefwechsel. Edited Rudolph Reicke. 3 volumes. In AA, vol. X–XII (1922). CJ Critique of the Power of Judgment. Edited and translated Paul Guyer and Eric Matthews. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Cor Correspondence. Translated and edited Arnulf Zweig. Cambridge: Cam- bridge University Press, 1999. CPR Critique of Pure Reason. Translated and edited Paul Guyer and Allen Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. CPrR Critique of Practical Reason. In PrP, pp. 133–271. HN Kant’s handschriftlicher Nachlass. Band VII. Edited Gerhard Lehmann. In AA, vol. XX (1942). KpV Kritik der praktischen Vernunft. Riga: J. K. Hartknoch, 1788. All citations are given in accordance with the text of the AA, vol. V, ed. Paul Natorp (1913), pp. 1–164. KrV A Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Riga: J. K. Hartknoch, 1781. All citations are given in accordance with the text of the AA, vol. IV, ed. Benno Erdmann (1911), pp. 1–252. KrV B Kritik der reinen Vernunft, 2nd edition. Riga: J. K. Hartknoch, 1787. All citations are given in accordance with the text of the AA, vol. III, ed. Benno Erdmann (1911). KU Kritik der Urteilskraft. Berlin: Libau, 1790. All citations are given in accordance with the text of the AA, vol. V, ed. Wilhelm Windelband (1913), pp. 165–485. Op1 Opus postumum. Erste Hälfte (Convolut I bis VI). Edited Artur Buchenau and Gerhard Lehmann. In AA, vol. XXI (1936) [From notes mostly written between 1796 and 1803]. Op2 Opus postumum. Zweite Hälfte (Convolut VII bis XIII). Edited Artur lii Textual Notes and Abbreviations

Buchenau and Gerhard Lehmann. In AA, vol. XXII (1938) [From notes mostly written between 1796 and 1803]. OpC Opus postumum. Edited Eckart Förster, translated Eckart Förster and Mi- chael Rosen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. PrP Practical Philosophy. Translated and edited Mary J. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. RRT Religion and Rational Theology. Translated and edited Allen W. Wood and George di Giovanni. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. TP Theoretical Philosophy, 1755–1770. Translated and edited David Walford with Ralf Meerbote. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855)

Sv Samlede værker. Edited A. B. Drachmann, J. L. Heiberg, and H. O. Lange. 20 volumes. Copenhagen: Glydendal, 1962–1964.

Salomon Maimon (1753–1800)

GW Gesammelte Werke. Edited Valerio Verra. 6 volumes. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1965–1971.

Karl Marx (1818–1883)

MEGA Karl Marx Friedrich Engels Gesamtausgabe (MEGA). Edited Institut für Marxismus-Leninismus. 47 volumes. Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1975–1992. Since 1992 all further volumes edited by Internationalen-Marx-Engels-Stiftung. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1998–. MEPW Marx: Early Political Writings. Edited and translated Joseph O’Malley with Richard David. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Novalis (Georg Phillip Friedrich von Hardenberg) (1772–1801)

NS Novalis Schriften. Die Werke Friedrich von Hardenbergs. Edited Paul Kluckhohn and Richard Samuel. 6 volumes. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1960– 1998.

Karl Leonhard Reinhold (1757–1823)

Beytr. I Beyträge zur Berichtigung bisheriger Missverständnisse der Philosophen. Volume I. Jena: Johann Michael Mauke, 1790. BKP Briefe über die Kantische Philosophie. Mannheim: Heinrich Valentin Textual Notes and Abbreviations liii

Bender, 1789. Reprint [unauthorized] of the eight “Briefe über die Kantische Philosophie,” in Der Teutsche Merkur (1786–1787). ÜF Über das Fundament des philosophischen Wissens. Nebst einigen Erläuterungen über die Theorie des Vorstellungsvermögens. Jena: Widtmann and Mauke, 1791. ÜSKP Über die bisherigen Schicksale der Kantischen Philosophie. Prague and Jena: Widtmann and Mauke, 1789. All citations are given in accordance with the text of “Vorrede. Über die bisherigen Schicksale der kantischen Philosophie,” in VTV, pp. 3–68. VTV Versuch einer neuen Theorie des menschlichen Vorstellungsvermögens. Prague and Jena: Widtmann and Mauke, 1789. Reprint, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1963.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778)

E Emile or On Education. Translated and edited Allan Bloom. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1979. Œ C Œuvres Complétes. Edited Bernard Gagnebin and Marcel Raymond. 5 volumes. Paris: Éditions Gallimard, Bibliothéque de la Pléiade, 1959–1995.

Johann Christoph Friedrich Schiller (1759–1805)

AEM The Aesthetic Education of Mankind. Edited and translated Elizabeth M. Wilkinson and L. A. Willoughby. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967. SWN Schillers Werke Nationalausgabe. Edited Julius Peterson, et al. 49 volumes. Weimar: Hermann Böhlaus Nachfolger, 1943–. ÜäEM Über die ästhetische Erziehung des Menschen in einer Reihe von Briefen. In Die Horen, 1, 2, 6. Tübingen: Cotta, 1795. All citations are given in accordance with the text of SWN, vol. XX,1, ed. Benno von Wiese (1962), pp. 309–412.

Friedrich Schlegel (1772–1829)

Frag Friedrich Schlegel’s Lucinde and the Fragments. Translated Peter Firchow. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1971. FSA Kritische Friedrich-Schlegel-Ausgabe. Edited Ernst Behler, Jean Jacques Anstett, and Hans Eichner. 35 volumes. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 1958–.

Gottlob Ernst Schulze (1761–1833)

Aen Aenesidemus, oder über die Fundamente der von dem Herrn Professor Reinhold in Jena gelieferten Elementar-Philosophie. Nebst einer Vertheidigung liv Textual Notes and Abbreviations

des Skepticismus gegen die Anmaassungen der Vernunftkritik. [Helmstedt: Fleckeisen] 1792. [First published anonymously and without publication in- formation.] All citations are given in accordance with the text of Aenesidemus oder über die Fundamente der von dem Herrn Professor Reinhold in Jena gelieferten Elementar-Philosophie, ed. Arthur Liebert, in Neudrucke seltener philosophischer Werke, vol. I, ed. Kantgesellschaft (Berlin: Reuther and Reichard, 1911).

Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951)

PI Philosophical Investigations. Translated G. E. M. Anscombe. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd., 1953; 2nd edition reprint, 2001. PU Philosophische Untersuchungen. [German/English edition; English transla- tions G. E. M. Anscombe.] Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd., 1953. All citations are given in accordance with the text of Philosophische Untersuchungen. Kritisch-genetische Edition, ed. Joachim Schulte, et al. (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2001). This I learned. For not once, as mortal masters do, Did you heavenly ones, wise preservers of all, To my knowledge, with caution Lead me on by a level path. All a man shall try out, thus say the heavenly, So that strongly sustained he shall give thanks for all, Learn to grasp his own freedom To be gone where he’s moved to go. —Hölderlin

Accordingly, the unfathomable, prehistoric age rests in this essence; although it faithfully protects the treasures of the holy past, this essence is in itself mute and cannot express what is enclosed within it. —Schelling

To represent man’s understanding as walking in the midst of things unthinkable. —Hölderlin