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GIZ Indesign-Vorlage Für Publikationen – DIN A5 Hoch April 2011 15 – 22 June 2009 Proceedings of the Regional Workshop Integrated Tourism Concepts to Contribute to Sustainable Mountain Development in Nepal Editors: Ester Kruk, Hermann Kreutzmann and Jürgen Richter 15 – 22 June 2009 Proceedings of the Regional Workshop Integrated Tourism Concepts to Contribute to Sustainable Mountain Development in Nepal Editors: Ester Kruk, Hermann Kreutzmann and Jürgen Richter Contents List of Tables, Figures and Boxes 6 Acronyms 8 Preface 10 Welcome Address by ICIMOD 12 Madhav Karki Welcome Address: Tourism Development in Tibet Autonomous Region of China 13 Zerenzhuoma on behalf of Chinese Delegation Section 1. Introduction 15 1.1 Tourism and Sustainable Mountain Development in the Hindu Kush-Himalayas 15 Ester Kruk 1.2 Outline of Objectives and Workshop Programme 30 Pitamber Sharma 1.3 Overview of Publication 32 Ester Kruk Section 2. Tourism in Nepal 40 2.1 Sustainable Mountain Tourism Development in Nepal: An Historical Perspective 40 Pitamber Sharma 2.2 Nepal’s Approach to Tourism Development 48 Sunil Sharma and Udaya Bhattarai 2.3 Tourism Development and its Impacts: Perceptions of Host Communities 67 Dipendra Purush Dhakal 2 Section 3. Case Studies 96 3.1 Community-Based Pro-Poor Tourism: Lessons from TRPAP 96 Rabi Jung Pandey 3.2 An Overview of Sustainable Tourism Development in Bhaktapur 113 Basudev Lamichhane 3.3 Tourism Development in Annapurna Conservation Area 126 Siddhartha B. Bajracharya 3.4 Community-Based Rural Tourism in Ghalegaon, Lamjung, Nepal: A Case Study 143 Chet Nath Kanel Section 4. Transboundary Tourism 154 4.1 Role of Actors and Institutions in Regional Tourism Development in the Hindu Kush-Himalayan Region 154 Nakul Chettri 4.2 Planning and Governance in Cross-Border Tourism Development 171 Lisa Choegyal 4.3 Prospects for Cooperative Development of Tourism in the China-Nepal Border Area and the Case Study of Zhangmu Town 190 Tubden Kyedrub and Liu Yajing Section 5. Interactions with Stakeholders and Presentation of Field Work Results 203 5.1 Presentation on Sustainable Tourism Linking Conservation and Development, an Experience of the Annapurna Conservation Area 204 Anu Lama 5.2 Brief Introduction to the Jomsom Mothers’ Group 206 Mohan Gauchan 5.3 Remarks by Jomsom Women’s Group 207 Rajani Sherchan 5.4 Remarks by Mustang District Development Committee 207 Man Kumar Gyawali 3 5.5 Presentation of Findings and Recommendations from Field Trip to Marpha 208 Samtenla Sherpa 5.6 Presentation of Findings and Recommendations from Field Trip to Kagbeni 210 Gyaneshwor Mahato Section 6. Group Work and Findings of Xinjiang Group and Tibet Autonomous Region Group 214 6.1 Findings of the Xinjiang Group Discussion 214 Zhang Hai Ming 6.2 Findings of the Tibet Autonomous Region Group Discussion 215 Zerenzhuoma Section 7. Presentation of Sustainable Mountain Tourism Strategy and Action Plans 217 7.1 Guiding Questions for Group Discussion on Sustainable Mountain Tourism Strategy 217 7.2 Presentation of Group Work on Sustainable Mountain Tourism Strategy for Nepal 218 Sunil Sharma 7.3 Guiding Questions for Group Discussion on Cross-Border Tourism 220 7.4 Presentation of Group A on Recommendations for Exchange of Information to Foster Cross-Border Tourism 220 Shiva Jaishi 7.5 Presentation of Group B on Recommendations for Joint Marketing or Branding of Cross-Border Tourism 222 Zerenzhuoma 7.6 Presentation of Group C on Recommendations for Development of Pro-Poor Cross-Border Tourism Products and Joint Product Development 223 Sudip Adhikari 4 Section 8. Report on Pakistan-China Regional Workshop on Integrated Tourism Concepts in Gilgit, Pakistan and Kashgar, People’s Republic of China 225 8.1 Presentation of Report on Integrated Tourism Concepts 225 Yasir Hussain Section 9. Final Statements by Delegation Representatives 229 9.1 Final Statements by Delegation Representatives 229 Delegation Representatives Section 10. From Ideas to Action 231 10.1 Reflections by Workshop Chair 231 Pitamber Sharma Annex 1. Workshop Programme 233 Annex 2. List of Workshop Participants 237 5 List of Tables, Figures and Boxes Table 2.2.1: Tourist arrivals Nepal (1962–2008) Table 2.2.2: Tourist arrivals Nepal by purpose of visit (1990–2008) Table 2.2.3: Nepal’s main tourism source markets (1999–2011) by percentage Table 2.3.1: Mountaineering royalties for peaks in Nepal, March-May 2008 Table 2.3.2: Trekking fee structure in Nepal Table 2.3.3: Information on buffer zones and conservation areas in Nepal (as at 2008) Table 2.3.4: Revenue of the Nepal Mountaineering Association Table 3.2.1: Visitors and tourism entrance fee revenue, Bhaktapur (1993–2010) Table 3.4.1: Tourist arrivals in Ghalegaon (2001–2007) Table 4.1.1: Paradigm shift in tourism planning in China Table 4.2.1: National visitor projections for SASEC countries by 2020 Table 4.3.1: Tourism revenue and arrivals for Zhangmu (2004–2008) Table 8.1.1: Major recommendations and action points Figure 1.1.1: Map Hindu Kush-Himalayas Figure 1.2.1: Overall structure and logic of the workshop Figure 2.2.1: International tourist arrivals (1950–2020) Figure 2.2.2: Organigramm Nepal Tourism Board Figure 3.1.1: Institutional linkages in TRPAP Figure 3.2.1: Map of Bhaktapur District Figure 3.2.2: Product diversification: Potential new tourist activities in Bhaktapur district Figure 3.3.1: Map protected areas of Nepal Figure 3.3.2: Annapurna Conservation Area elevation zones Figure 3.3.3: Annual number of foreign visitors to Annapurna Conservation Area Figure 3.3.4: Signposting in Annapurna Conservation Area (Mt Machhapuchhare) Figure 3.3.5: Annapurna-South from Landruk Figure 4.1.1: Regional trade in the transboundary region of Khumbu Figure 4.1.2: Local to global linkages in pro-poor tourism: A conceptual framework Figure 4.2.1: SASEC Key Areas Figure 4.2.2: Current SASEC tourism patterns Figure 4.2.3: Future SASEC tourism patterns Figure 4.2.4: Great Himalaya Trail development concept Nepal Figure 4.3.1: Conventional border tourism market Figure 4.3.2: Cross-border tourist markets 6 Box 1.1.1: Economic impact of international tourism in South Asia Box 2.2.1: Present focus of Nepal Tourism Board’s activities Box 2.3.1: Sagarmatha National Park Buffer Zone Management Committee Box 3.1.1: Tamang Heritage Trail, Rasuwa Box 3.1.2: Eco-Treks at Phortse, Solukhumbu Box 3.1.3: Lumbini Village Tour Box 3.1.4: Steps for the development of community-based pro-poor tourism Box 3.2.1: Festivals and ritual dances in Bhaktapur Box 3.2.2: Cultural promotion Box 3.2.3: Major objectives of Bhaktapur Tourism Development and Management Plan Box 3.4.1: Traditional sheep farming in Ghalegaon Box 3.4.2: Tourist activities in Ghalegaon Box 3.4.3: Management model and stakeholders: Key highlights Box 3.4.4: Promotional activities Box 4.1.1: Roles, responsibilities and activities of different groups involved in the promotion of ecotourism in Sikkim, India Box 4.2.1: SASEC Tourism Development Plan programmes 2004 Box 4.2.2: Sub-regional training workshops for Human Resource Development and Capacity Building in the Tourism Sector Project 7 Acronyms ACA Annapurna Conservation Area ACAP Annapurna Conservation Area Project ADB Asian Development Bank APETIT Asia-Pacific Education and Training Institutes in Tourism APPA Appreciative Participatory Planning and Action ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations AST Annapurna Sanctuary Trail AVTDC Annapurna Village Tourism Development Committee BIMSTEC Bay of Bengal Initiative of Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation BTDC Bhaktapur Tourism Development Committee BZ buffer zone BZMC buffer zone management council BZUC buffer zone users committee BZUG buffer zone users group CAMC conservation area management committee CBO community-based organisation CBS Central Bureau of Statistics CBST community-based sustainable tourism CIPRA Commission Internationale pour La Protection des Alpes (International Commission for Protection of the Alps) CO community organisation CST controlled sustainable tourism DDC district development committee DFID Department for International Development DNPWC Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation FG functional group FIT free independent traveller FNCCI Federation of Nepalese Chambers of Commerce and Industry FY fiscal year GDP gross domestic product GHT Great Himalaya Trail GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH GTDSC Ghalegaon Tourism Development Sub-Committee HKH Hindu Kush-Himalayas/Himalayan ICIMOD International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development INGO international non-government organisation InWEnt Capacity Building International Germany IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature KCA Kangchenjunga Conservation Area KCAMC Kangchenjunga Conservation Area Management Council 8 KCAP Kangchenjunga Conservation Area Project KMTNC King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation LTO local tourism organisation MCAP Manaslu Conservation Area Project MoCTCA Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation MoTCA Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation NGO non-government organisation NMA Nepal Mountaineering Association NPR Nepali Rupee NTB Nepal Tourism Board NTNC National Trust for Nature Conservation NTO national tourism organisation NTY Nepal Tourism Year SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SASEC South Asia Sub-Regional Economic Cooperation SNP Sagarmatha National Park SNPBZMC Sagarmatha National Park Buffer Zone Management Council SNV Netherlands Development Organisation STDC sustainable tourism development committee STDS sustainable tourism
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