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Select problems in planetary structural Geology: Global-scale tectonics on Io, regional-scale kinematics on Venus, and local-scale field analyses on Earth with application to Mars Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Jaeger, Windy Lee Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 20:28:19 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280768 SELECT PROBLEMS IN PLANETARY STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY: GLOBAL- SCALE TECTONICS ON 10, REGIONAL-SCALE KINEMATICS ON VENUS, AND LOCAL-SCALE FIELD ANALYSES ON EARTH WITH APPLICATION TO MARS by Windy L. Jaeger Copyright © Windy L. Jaeger 2005 A Dissertation Submitted to the Facuhy of the DEPARTMENT OF PLANETARY SCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2 0 0 5 UMI Number: 3158212 Copyright 2005 by Jaeger, Windy L. All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI Microform 3158212 Copyright 2005 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 2 The University of Arizona ® Graduate College As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Windy L. Jaeger entitled Select Problems in Planetary Structural Geology: Global-Scale Tectonics on lo. Regional-Scale Kinematics on Venus, and Local-Scale Field Analyses on Earth with Application to Mars and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ixhloif. Victor R. Baker date / > / y date Alfred S. McEwen date Robert G. Strom date Elizabeth PT Turtle date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared vmder my direction and recominend that it bs.accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. Dissertation Ehrector: Victor R. Baker date 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations fi:om this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that acciirate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation is not only a compilation of my research, but a reflection of the invaluable contributions and support I received from a great number of people and institutions. The financial support that made this work possible was provided by NASA's Galileo Project, NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program grants NAG5-10166 and NAGW5-3632, and Interagency Agreement W-10,265. I would first like to thank my advisor, Vic Baker. It is a privilege to have had such a fine mentor. I am also gratefiil to the former teachers and supervisors who shaped my interests in geology and planetary science, namely Karl Karlstrom, Horton Newsom, Mike Drake, Ricardo Schwarz and Mr. Max. Much of the research described in these pages was collaborative work intended for journal publication, and I am truly indebted to the following people for their roles as coauthors on those manuscripts: Zibi Turtle, L^zlo Keszthelyi, Devon Burr, Josh Emery, Alfred McEwen, Vic Baker, Jani Radebaugh, Bob Pappalardo and Hideaki Miyamoto. The content of this dissertation was also greatly improved by suggestions from my committee members: Vic Baker, Paul Kapp, Alfred McEwen, Bob Sfrom and Zibi Turtle. I thank Bob Strom and Ken Tanaka for help in working with Magellan data, Mary Chapman and Magnus Gu6mundsson for participating in a day of perilous fieldwork, Mark Orsen for kindly supplying me with his personal file on the Odessa Craters, and my fellow lo researchers (Alfred McEwen, Laszlo Keszthelyi, Zibi Turtle, Moses Milazzo, Jani Radebaugh, Ashley Davies, Julie Rathbun, Lionel Wilson, John Spencer, Paul Geissler, Dave Williams, Bob Howell, Paul Schenk, Jason Perry, Rosaly Lopes...) for being the most congenial working group in planetary science. I'd also like to extend my appreciation to the following fiiends who made even the hottest Tucson days pleasant: Gwen and Jason Barnes, Zibi Turtle, Ralph Lorenz, Joe Spitale, Eric Jensen, Ingrid Daubar, Rachel Masfrapa, Jen Grier, Andy Rivkin, Nancy Chabot, Jani Radebaugh, Barb Cohen, Moses Milazzo, Kerry Granger, Paul Withers, Fred Ciesla, Chris Schaller, Pete Lanagan, Dave O'Brien, Ross Beyer, Terry Hurford, Jonathan Fortney, and Betty Pierazzo. I am especially grateful to Tina Dajic and Tamara Legendre for their long-lived friendships. Tina's enthusiasm for life is always refreshing, and her compassion for others seems endless. Tamara has been my partner in crime since age 5, and what more can I say? She was my childhood fiiend, my gymnastics teammate, my undergraduate roommate, my road trip/camping buddy... Finally, I would like to thank my family. Words cannot adequately express my gratitude for the love and support they've given me through the years. The combination of my father's wisdom and my mother's creativity fostered in me the curiosity and ingenuity of a scientist. My parents also imparted to me their love for the outdoors and nurtured my somewhat peculiar fascination with rocks. I am a geologist because of them. I sincerely thank my sister, Monica, who has been and will always be my best fiiend, and her children, Garrett and Raquel, who supply much-needed comic relief and whom, despite Copernicus' claim, my world revolves around. Above all, I extend my deepest appreciation to my husband, Laszlo, for his unwavering patience, kindness and love. He is my colleague, my friend, my proofreader, my companion, my field partner, my love. DEDICATION To my father, for instilling in me a love of science and nature. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES 9 LIST OF TABLES 11 ABSTRACT 12 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 14 1.1: Overview of lo 14 1.2: Overview of Venus 18 1.3: Overview of the Channeled Scabland in Washington State 21 1.4: Overview of Athabasca Valles, Mars 25 CHAPTER 2: OROGENIC TECTONISM ON lO 31 2.1: Introduction 32 2.2: A Link Between Tectonism and Volcanism on lo 34 2.3: Orogenic Tectonism on lo 51 2.3.1: Analysis of Previous Models 51 2.3.2: Estimating the Thickness oflo's Lithosphere 57 2.3.3: Can Hotspot Swells Influence Ionian Mountain Formation? 65 2.4: Observed Structures 69 2.4.1: Mountain Morphology 69 2.4.2: Kinematic Indicators 72 2.4.3: Crosscutting Relationships 75 2.4.4: Summary of Observations 76 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS - continued 2.5: Conclusions 78 CHAPTER 3: A KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF NEFERTITI CORONA, VENUS..80 3.1: Kinematic Indicators at Nefertiti Corona 81 3.1.1: Location A 81 3.1.2: Location B 85 3.1.3: Location C. 87 3.1.4: Location D 89 3.1.5: Location E 92 3.1.6: Location F. 92 3.2: Kinematic History of Nefertiti Corona 95 3.3: Implications 96 3.4 Conclusions 100 CHAPTER 4: BASALTIC RING STRUCTURES IN THE CHANNELED SCABLAND: IMPLICATIONS FOR MARS 101 4.1: Introduction 101 4.2: Field Observations of the Odessa Craters 102 4.3: Banks Lake Cross Section 124 4.4: The Origin of the Odessa Craters 127 4.5: Basaltic Ring Structures Near Tokio Station, WA 130 4.6: Comparison to Features in Athabasca Valles, Mars 132 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS - continued 4.7: Conclusions 136 CHAPTERS: SUMMARY 138 REFERENCES 140 9 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1.1, False-color hemispheric view of lo 15 FIGURE 1.2, Hemispheric view of the surface of Venus 20 FIGURE 1.3, Maps of the CRBG and the Channeled Scabland 22 FIGURE 1.4, MOLA topography over Athabasca Valles 26 FIGURE 1.5, Geomorphic/thermophysical map of Athabasca Valles 28 FIGURE 2.1, Ionian paterae 36 FIGURE 2.2, Locations of ionian mountains 43 FIGURE 2.3, Shamshu Patera 45 FIGURE 2.4, Ionian volcanoes 46 FIGURE 2.5, Tectonic mountains on lo 47 FIGURE 2.6, Mountain-patera association 49 FIGURE 2.7, Predicted stress state in lo's lithosphere 53 FIGURE 2.8, Volumetric strain due to subsidence stress and thermal stress 60 FIGURE 2.9, Net effect of subsidence and thermal stresses in the ionian lithosphere 63 FIGURE 2.10, Predicted surface deformation from an ionian hotspot swell 67 FIGURE 2.11, Monan Mons 73 FIGURE 2.12, Tohil Mons 77 FIGURE 3.1, Magellan radar and altimetry data over Nefertiti Corona 82 FIGURE 3.2, Locations of Figures 3.3-3.8 83 FIGURE 3.3, Location A 84 10 LIST OF
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