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Margaret Rule, 1928 - 2015 Text by Rosemary E Lunn Photos courtesy of Simon Mills and the Mary Rose Trust Dr Margaret Rule, 1928 - 2015 Dr Margaret Rule CBE, the British archaeologist who supervised the largest maritime archaeological excavation in history and the subsequent raising of King Henry VIII's warship from the Solent seabed, has died aged 86. The warship Mary Rose was launched in though it was outside her experience. tion of the wreck. Many years of seabed 1511 and served for 34 years as the flag- At the time she did not scuba dive—she searching followed. To begin with Rule ship of Henry VIII’s navy. She sunk, with- was a land archaeologist. Rule had spent a fair amount of time sitting in a out warning, a mere two miles outside previously supervised the excavation of boat, waiting for the divers to report Portsmouth Harbour on 19 July 1545 with a Roman Palace at Fishbourne, near what they had seen underwater. Pretty the approximate loss of 500 men and Chichester in West Sussex. When the soon she realised that the only way she boys. The Mary Rose had been leading Sussex Archaeological Society built a could do her job was was to learn to an attack on a French invasion fleet. Her museum there in 1968, Rule became its dive. 'death' was watched from the shore by first curator. One of the VIP visitors to the The ship was located in 1971. Alex Henry VIII, who was stood by Southsea museum was the Prince of Wales. This Hildred, curator of the Mary Rose, con- Castle. contact would later prove to be vital to firmed that this was the first time that Dr Margaret Rule's involvement with the Mary Rose Trust. remote sensing technology sub-bottom the Mary Rose began in 1965. Alexander profiling and side scan sonar had been McKee, an amateur diver and histo- Discovery used in England. rian with a passion to find the wreck, In 1966 McKee had a useful break. “We were very fortunate that on the approached Rule for archaeological He came across a chart made by the first dive of the year (5 May 1971), we help. She agreed to be involved even Deane brothers in 1836. It gave the posi- slightly missed our target—the area that we had been searching. We were about 150 metres to the south. Percy Ackland, who I always called our underwater gun dog, came up and whispered to me, 'The timbers are down there Margaret.'” Ackland had found three of the port frames of the Mary Rose. By some miracle half of the hull had been well preserved by Solent mud. It was as though someone had chain- sawed through the wreck from bow to stern and the entire starboard side of the Mary Rose survived. Maintaining dig standards To begin with Rule was concerned whether land archaeology standards could be maintained under water. Rule told the Telegraph: “But I learnt you work under water with the same care and ingenuity as you do for a land dig. There you put your site to bed, you put a tar- SIMON MILLS WIKIMEDIA COMMONS / PUBLIC DOMAIN WIKIMEDIA COMMONS / PUBLIC paulin over your work... You do the same Historical illustration of Mary Rose as depicted in the Anthony Role record of English Tudor ships Dr Margaret Rule CBE 18 X-RAY MAG : 66 : 2015 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO The Battle of the Solent is depicted in this Cowdray engraving by James Basire, with the recently sunken Mary Rose in the center BELOW: Historical engraving by Frans Huys, c. 1561, shows carracks, similar to All packages include the Mary Rose being attacked by galleys, 7 nights and 6 dive days! which were highly manoeuvrable GRAND CAYMAN CAYMAN BRAC Comfort Suites Brac Reef Resort Ambassador Divers Reef Divers Breakfast daily All meals WIKIMEDIA COMMONS / PUBLICDOMAIN WIKIMEDIA COMMONS Free WiFi from $1,185 from $1,449 ••• underwater. You don’t leave your site facts were in the main, in extraordinary safety of the wreck. all our fishermen friends to keep a Cobalt Coast LITTLE CAYMAN open to be disturbed by currents.” condition. On land, organic matter is “Initially there was no way legally of watching eye on it. We formed a Mary Divetech Rule made hundreds of dives on the not always so well preserved and it protecting the Mary Rose when we Rose Committee and we applied Breakfast daily Little Cayman Beach Resort Use of dive computer Reef Divers site and would often dive in the tricki- can be difficult to date. first saw her in 1971. We had to protect for a lease from the Crown Estate from $1,310 All meals est of areas and in low Here the team had a her from looters. And so we never left Commissioners, which cost a pound a Use of dive computer visibility conditions. If “"I remember my days definite time line: 19 July marker buoys on site and we alerted year. And having got that lease, we Compass Point from $1,395 the team was hav- 1545. The archaeologists Ocean Frontiers of diving on the ship out 7 day car rental ing a problem decid- knew exactly when the from $1,420 ing something, she in the Solent in the most objects went into the would dive the area silt. And the artefacts and make a decision. impossible conditions, it covered many facets of She would spend her was like swimming in a Tudor life. From thimbles, nights, when everyone kind of lentil soup, you to quills, leather shoes, else had gone to bed, combs, coiled rope, a reviewing video runs couldn't see anything, or pocket sundial, and a of the site. so I thought, until it was manicure set to name “There is a differ- but some. ence between land under your nose. What I This logistically difficult archaeology and could never get over was and challenging opera- underwater archaeol- tion had other issues. ogy because we, the the sheer expertise of the There was a minefield of archaeology supervi- archaeologists operating bureaucracy combined sors and Margaret as with legal constraints. At director, cannot look under water." the time historical ship- over your shoulder into — Prince Charles on diving wrecks were not recog- a trench and see what the Mary Rose in 2014 nised. Rule fought the is happening every- bureaucrats with tenac- where; you have to rely on feedback ity, which was very much in her char- from individuals,” stated Alex Hildred. acter. She persuaded the government 800-328-2288 and the Receiver of Wreck to entrust [email protected] Excavation the extraordinary collection into the The consequences of finding the ship hands of the Mary Rose Trust. All packages include 7 nights, 6 days of 2-tank boat dives, airport transfers, taxes and service charges. Rates are per person, double occupancy and subject were enormous. It was decided that to availability and standard terms and conditions. the wreck should be excavated in its Protecting the wreck site CSOT#2111993-40 • WSOT#603254369 • FSOT#38781 entirety. The surviving 19,000-odd arte- The other worry was the security and WIKIMEDIA COMMONS / PUBLICDOMAIN WIKIMEDIA 19 X-RAY MAG : 66 : 2015 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO Dr Margaret Rule with Remnants of the Tudor period car- Rear Admiral John Lippiett rack Mary Rose undergoing conser- CB CBE, chief executive of vation at the Historic Dockyard in the Mary Rose Trust Portsmouth, United Kingdom tion work had uncovered Prince Charles told UK media an intact ship structure. about diving the Mary Rose in However, if a full excava- 2014. "I remember my days of tion were to go ahead, diving on the ship out in the it was likely the remain- Solent in the most impossible ing timbers would be conditions, it was like swim- destroyed. The decision ming in a kind of lentil soup, you was taken to raise the couldn't see anything, or so I ship. thought, until it was under your Rule knew that HRH The nose. What I could never get Prince of Wales' interest in over was the sheer expertise of the Mary Rose had been the archaeologists operating crucial in attracting the under water." funds to raise the ship. The The remaining hull was very British Sub Aqua Club's fragile and the technology had- then President, Prince not been tried before. The plan Charles—who was also was to pass hundreds of bolts the President of the Mary through the timbers and attach Rose Trust—had dived the them to a steel frame. This would SIMON MILLS wreck site twice in 1979. then be raised onto a cushioned could then defend our patch of Rule told the BBC: “We couldn’t cradle and brought back to mud.” Subsequently on behalf of have done it without him . When Portsmouth Dockyard. the Mary Rose Trust, Rule success- he goes down [and] says ‘I’ve fully secured the right to retain the seen it, I’ve seen it with my own Raising Mary Rose exclusive rights of the Mary Rose eyes and it can be brought up’, The raising of the Mary Rose, site. then everyone is supporting us and after its 437 years at the bottom Rule joined joined the Council British industry comes behind us.” of the Solent, happened on 11 MARY ROSE TRUST / WIKIMEDIA COMMONS / CC BY-SA 3.0 / WIKIMEDIACOMMONS / ROSE TRUST MARY for Nautical Archaeology (later the Nautical Archaeology October 1982.
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