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PALEONTOLOGY and STRATIGRAPHY of MIDDLE EOCENE ROCK UNITS in the SOUTHERN GREEN RIVER and UINTA BASINS, WYOMING and UTAH Paul C

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PALEONTOLOGY and STRATIGRAPHY of MIDDLE EOCENE ROCK UNITS in the SOUTHERN GREEN RIVER and UINTA BASINS, WYOMING and UTAH Paul C GEOLOGY OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST an open-access journal of the Utah Geological Association Volume 4 2017 PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF MIDDLE EOCENE ROCK UNITS IN THE SOUTHERN GREEN RIVER AND UINTA BASINS, WYOMING AND UTAH Paul C. Murphey, K.E. Beth Townsend, Anthony R. Friscia, James Westgate, Emmett Evanoff, and Gregg F. Gunnell A Field Guide Prepared For SOCIETY OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY Annual Meeting, October 26 – 29, 2016 Grand America Hotel Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Post-Meeting Field Trip October 30–November 1, 2016 © 2017 Utah Geological Association. All rights reserved. For permission to copy and distribute, see the following page or visit the UGA website at www.utahgeology.org for information. Email inquiries to [email protected]. GEOLOGY OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST an open-access journal of the Utah Geological Association Volume 4 2017 Editors UGA Board Douglas A. Sprinkel Thomas C. Chidsey, Jr. 2016 President Bill Loughlin [email protected] 435.649.4005 Utah Geological Survey Utah Geological Survey 2016 President-Elect Paul Inkenbrandt [email protected] 801.537.3361 801.391.1977 801.537.3364 2016 Program Chair Andrew Rupke [email protected] 801.537.3366 [email protected] [email protected] 2016 Treasurer Robert Ressetar [email protected] 801.949.3312 2016 Secretary Tom Nicolaysen [email protected] 801.538.5360 Bart J. 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Become a member of the UGA to help support the work of the Association and receive notices for monthly meetings, annual field conferences, and new publi- cations. Annual membership is $20 and annual student membership is only $5. Visit the UGA website at www.utahgeology.org for information and membership application. This is an open-access article in which the Utah The UGA board is elected annually by a voting process through UGA Members. Geological Association permits unrestricted use, However, the UGA is a volunteer driven organization, and we welcome your distribution, and reproduction of text and figures that voluntary service. If you would like to participate please contact the current are not noted as copyrighted, provided the original president or committee member corresponding with the area in which you would author and source are credited. like to volunteer. Utah Geological Association formed in 1970 from a merger of the Utah Geological Society, founded in 1946, and the Intermountain Association of Geologists, founded in 1949. Affiliated with the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. i GEOLOGY OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST an open-access journal of the Utah Geological Association Volume 4 2017 Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Middle Eocene Rock Units in the Southern Green River and Uinta Basins, Wyoming and Utah* Paul C. Murphey1, K.E. Beth Townsend2, Anthony R. Friscia3, James Westgate4, Emmett Evanoff5, and Gregg F. Gunnell6 1Department of Paleontology, San Diego Natural History Museum, 1788 El Prado, Balboa Park, San Diego, CA 92101, USA; [email protected] 2Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA; [email protected] 3Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Dr. So., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA; [email protected] 4Department of Earth & Space Sciences, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA; [email protected] 5Department of Earth Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA; [email protected] 6Division of Fossil Primates, Duke Lemur Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA; [email protected] “A large part of the collection in this region was of the remains of small animals. The fossils were generally found in the buttes, and on account of their minuteness, their discovery was attended with much difficulty. Instead of riding along on the sure-foot- ed mule and looking for a gigantic tell-tale vertebra or ribs, it was necessary to literally crawl over the country on hands and knees…Often a quarter of a mile of the most inviting country would be carefully gone over with no result, and then again some- one would chance upon a butte which seemed almost made of fossils.” A description of fossil collecting in the Bridger Formation written by an unnamed member of the 1871 Yale College Expedition, led by paleontologist O.C. Marsh. ABSTRACT The Bridger Formation is restricted to the Green River Basin in southwest Wyoming, and the Uinta and Duchesne River Formations are located in the Uinta Basin in Utah. These three rock units and their diverse fossil assemblages are of great scientific importance and historic interest to vertebrate paleontologists. Notably, they are also the stra- totypes from oldest to youngest for the three middle Eocene North American Land Mammal Ages—the Bridgerian, Uintan, and Duchesnean. The fossils and sediments of these formations provide a critically important record of biotic, environmental, and climatic history spanning approximately 10 million years (49 to 39 Ma). This article provides a detailed field excursion through portions of the Green River and Uinta Basins that focuses on locations of geologic, paleontologic, and historical interest. In support of the field excursion, we also provide a review of current knowledge of these formations with emphasis on lithostratigraphy, biochronology, depositional, and paleoenviron- mental history, and the history of scientific exploration. *This field guide is an updated version from Murphey and others (2011). We thank the Geological Society of America for its kind use. Murphey, P.C., Townsend, K.E.B., Friscia, A.R., and Evanoff, E., 2011, Paleontology and stratigraphy of middle Eocene rock units in the Bridger and Uinta Basins, Wyoming and Utah, in Lee, J., and Evans, J.P., editors, Geologic field trips to the Basin and Range, Rocky Mountains, Snake River plain, and terranes of the U.S. Cordillera: Geological Society of America Field Guide 21, p. 125–166. Citation for this article. Murphey, P.C., Townsend, K.E.B., Friscia, A.R., Westgate, J., Evanoff, E., and Gunnell, G.F., 2017, Paleontology and stratigraphy of middle Eocene rock units in the southern Green River and Uinta Basins, Wyoming and Utah: Geology of the Intermountain West, v. 3, p. 1–53. © 2017 Utah Geological Association. All rights reserved. For permission to use, copy, or distribute see the preceeding page or the UGA website, www.utahgeology.org, for information. Email inquiries to [email protected]. 1 Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Middle Eocene Rock Units in the Southern Green River and Uinta Basins, Wyoming and Utah Murphey, P.C., Townsend, K.E.B., Friscia, A.R., Westgate, J., Evanoff, E., and Gunnell, G.F. INTRODUCTION AND Basin, which nearly coincides with the Green River Ba- STRUCTURAL SETTING sin on figure 1. The Uinta Basin occupies 10,943 km2 (4225 mi2) of Situated to the north and south of the Uinta Moun- northeastern Utah. Structurally, it is an asymmetrical, tains in Wyoming and Utah, respectively, the Green elongate, east-west trending synclinal basin bounded by River and Uinta Basins have great scientific importance the Uinta Mountains to the north, the Douglas Creek and are of historic interest to vertebrate paleontologists. arch and Roan Plateau to the east, the Book Cliffs/Tava- The rock units and fossils of the Bridger basin (an in- puts Plateau to the south, and the Wasatch Range to the formal subarea of the southern Green River Basin) and west (figure 2). It was formed in the latest Cretaceous the Uinta Basin have been the focus of paleontological and Paleocene during the Laramide uplift of the Uinta investigations for the last 140 years. Perhaps the most Mountains. The Uinta Basin is closely related structur- familiar of the rock units within the Green River
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