March 18, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1083 reform issue has to be addressed on the which both democracies had relied so colleague and dear friend from Florida floor. heavily, the classical Greek democ- in recognizing the great achievement I just want to thank the gentle- racy. of the 176th anniversary of Greek inde- woman again. I know this is just the So how did I learn this lesson? In the pendence from the Ottoman Empire. beginning of our effort to make sure parochial setting of our Greek school, Over 200 years ago, America’s Found- that this issue is raised by the GOP church-related studies, it became evi- ing Fathers turned to Greece, the leadership and that we do have the dent to me that America was as much birthplace of democracy, as an idol in time when it is considered. a part of the Greek revolution in 1821 setting the course as a new nation. It f as was the raising of the flag by Father was only fitting that Greece in turn Germanos and all the heroic exploits of look to the United States 50 years later GREEK INDEPENDENCE DAY, 176 the great generals of Greek independ- as a role model for democratic govern- YEARS OF FREEDOM AND DE- ence. ment after struggling under the oppres- MOCRACY As a matter of fact, in the city of sive Ottoman Empire. The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. GIB- Philadelphia, the City of Brotherly Living under the rule of the Ottoman BONS). Under the Speaker’s announced Love, the public officials of that day in Empire fostered a revolutionary spirit policy of January 7, 1997, the gen- the 1820’s spoke mightily of the need in its people who had been subjected to tleman from Florida [Mr. BILIRAKIS] is for the international community to decades of slavery, abuse, and cultural recognized for 60 minutes as the des- come to the aid of the Greek independ- deprivation. It is this spirit that we ignee of the majority leader. ence movement. And in fact President recognize today. We recognize the spir- Mr. BILIRAKIS. Mr. Speaker, I rise Monroe, on many occasions, was insist- it of Greeks that have gone on before, this evening to honor the spirit of free- ent upon American spiritual and moral the Greeks that have brought so much dom by commemorating 176 years of and material aid for the potential over- to this country and those Greek-Amer- Greek independence. March 25 is Greek throw of the Turkish domination of icans living here today. Independence Day, and every year I Greece. A well-known Greek revolutionary speak on the House floor to recognize Members of the House of Representa- who was burned alive by the Turks said this important historical event. tives in which we stand tonight were in one of his famous poems that ‘‘I The significance of Greek Independ- eloquent in their phraseology of free- would rather live free for one hour ence Day can never be overstated. Like dom, just as the gentleman from Flor- than suffer slavery and imprisonment the Fourth of July, it continues to re- ida began his dissertation this evening, for 40 years.’’ mind all of us to honor freedom regard- with the celebration of freedom. His The United States-Greek relationship less of the price. predecessors and mine on the floor of is among our strongest. Greece has Mr. Speaker, I yield to the gentleman the House of Representatives in the fought by the side of the United States from Pennsylvania, my very good 1820’s were repetitive and strongly ex- in numerous tests throughout the hortative of the movement of freedom friend and colleague [Mr. GEKAS], at years. Both countries share a passion on the Greek mainland. this point. for freedom. Greece has sent some of So when the gentleman says, as he its brightest to the shores of America Mr. GEKAS. Mr. Speaker, I thank does rightly, that this is a celebration to pursue dreams in this, the land of the gentleman for yielding. We have of freedom, it is a celebration of Amer- opportunity. grown accustomed to the gentleman ican freedom just as much as it is this My grandparents emigrated to the from Florida and his repetitive and small setting of Greek independence United States of America early in this necessary emphasis on Greek Independ- that arose in the 1820’s. That is what century. My mother’s parents, Stelios ence Day and its celebration through- makes it so extraordinarily valuable to and Olga Macaronis, were born in a vil- out the world. us of Greek descent, Americans of lage called Atsiki on the island of The most noteworthy part of the Greek descent. Here we are, privileged Lemnos in the Aegean Sea. My pater- celebration in which Americans of enough to be Members of the Congress nal grandmother, Anastasia Pappas, Greek descent yearly participate has to of the United States where our every do, in my judgment, with the historical day, our every breath is spent in trying was from Athens, and my father’s fa- partnership of the American democ- to improve our country, the United ther, whose name was Mike Pappas, racy and the way our country, the States. And it happens that our herit- was born in Smyrna, which is now part United States, gained its independence, age, the parents that we had who came of Turkey. and that which followed in the 1820’s from another world and from another They worked hard to learn the lan- when the Greek nationals began their era, were able to inculcate in us the guage and supported a growing family. movement for independence. spirit of freedom and independence and They became U.S. citizens. They start- ed businesses. They had children and, b 2000 democracy which they and their fore- fathers knew so well in their country yes, they had grandchildren. One of What was the common bond that the of origin, and then they make sure that these grandchildren today is a Member American institution of independence we in our education, in our commit- of the U.S. Congress. had with its later Greek movement for ment to faith, in our interrelationships The United States has given our independence in the 1820’s? It was their with our fellow Americans, that we Greek-American family the oppor- own Greek heritage. That is, the ideals never forget that the spirit of freedom tunity to see these dreams come of democracy and self-government that began with that wonderful Athe- through. As a Member of this Congress, which were first practiced by the clas- nian democracy can be practiced by I share the responsibility to ensure sical Greeks were the foundation for their sons and daughters on the very that the opportunity for the realiza- the Jeffersons and Madisons and the floor of the most, the strongest station tion of these types of dreams will al- Adamses and the Washingtons as they of freedom that the world has ever ways be possible for others. moved strenuously to bring their coun- known, the Congress of the United Winning the election last year to the try into a mode of freedom. The Dec- States. U.S. Congress was a great responsibil- laration of Independence and the Con- I thank the gentleman for yielding to ity or is a great responsibility and stitution that followed all were based me. honor. However, in reading the papers in the authorship of the American Mr. BILIRAKIS. Mr. Speaker, I the day after the election, my favorite Founders themselves, founded on the thank the gentleman. He is always so pictures are not the ones with me and principles of classical Greek democ- very eloquent on all subjects, I might my supporters at the election celebra- racy, Athenian democracy. add. tion. It was the pictures of me taking And so 50 years later, when Greece it- I now yield to the gentleman from my grandmother, Olga Macaronis, to self felt the need to overthrow the yoke New Jersey [Mr. PAPPAS], one of our vote just as I have done for many of Turkish domination, they were newest Members of the House, very years. harking back to two historical events: welcome here. My grandmother, Olga Macaronis, is First, the American independence Mr. PAPPAS. Mr. Speaker, I proudly 94 years old today, and I do not think movement and, still further back, in rise today and join my distinguished that she has ever missed an election in H1084 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 18, 1997 her many years since becoming a citi- These acts of courage, Mr. Speaker, of the Second World War, Greece be- zen. While taking her to vote to the and the words of President Monroe came a NATO ally and has been to this polls, you can sense her sense of civic serve to highlight an important bond day joining forces with the United duty. I guess the respect and sense of between America and Greece: the love States and played no small role in pre- responsibility rubbed off on me, and of freedom. Like our Founding Fathers, serving and protecting the freedoms that is part of the reason why I became the Greek people sought the right to enjoyed by an unprecedented number of involved in public service. govern themselves and to determine the world’s people. Another great quality that you can- their own destiny. They felt that there The other thing that I think about is not help but notice within the Greek- is nothing more precious than freedom the contribution that Greek-Americans American community is its strong en- and democracy. have made to this country. If you trepreneurial spirit. Not only strong Mr. Speaker, I yield to the gentleman think about Webster’s words again, businesses but strong families, church- from New Jersey [Mr. PALLONE]. these values that have guided the es, and communities. Mr. PALLONE. Mr. Speaker, I just Greek Americans to the top of some of The reason I come to the well of this want to begin as I do every year, by the Nation’s most competitive profes- Chamber and talk a lot about tax re- thanking the gentleman from Florida sions, law, the arts, entertainment, the lief, regulatory relief, small businesses, [Mr. BILIRAKIS] for organizing this hour sporting world, education and medicine and balancing our budget is because of to honor the anniversary of Greek and, of course, government, we see so the basic commonsense upbringing independence day. As you know, he is many Greek-American Congressmen that I had in a small business with my the chairman of the Hellenic caucus. here tonight and in the Congress, but dad, Jim Pappas, or talking to my He works tirelessly and is an out- perhaps the most enduring of Greek friends like George and Peter spoken champion really of Greek- qualities is that of endurance itself. Stavrianidis. The tight interrelation- American relations. I thank him for his The Greeks gave the world democ- ship between family, friends and com- tireless effort to strengthen the ties be- racy, and today the world is as free as munity businesses is critically impor- tween our two countries. it ever has been. There are more de- tant to all Greek Americans. I just wanted to say, many of us here mocracies now than there ever have As a new Member of Congress, I am in Congress are staunchly committed been, I think, historically. Four hun- very honored to see so many leaders on to preserving and strengthening the dred years of control by the Ottoman both sides of the political aisle recog- ties between the Greek and the Amer- Empire could not, as Webster observed, nize the significance of the United ican people. It is very important. I overcome the Greek people’s deter- States-Greek relationship. I hope to think sometimes people diminish the mination to be free. And this is no less add to this as the newest Member of significance of these commemoratory advisable in modern times. this Congress of Greek descent. evenings as we are having now, but I b 2015 Greece has survived through a lot of think it is very important that we I just wanted to mention Cyprus, be- turmoil over the years and has reached speak out and talk about Greek inde- cause for almost 23 years now Greece maturity because of its people: proud, pendence day and talk about the ties has stood firm in its determination to God-fearing, freedom-loving, and, yes, that bind the Greek and the American bring freedom and independence to the peaceful. And that has nourished and people. illegally occupied nation of Cyprus. upheld the ideals on which their mod- I usually try to find a quote for this Like their forefathers, who were under ern nation was conceived on March 25, occasion. And I just wanted to men- the control of a hostile foreign power 1821. It is this heritage that we, the tion, I found one from Daniel Webster, for four centuries, the Cypriot people thousands of Greek-Americans, bring who just 2 years after the Greek people hold fast in defiance of their Turkish to the United States of America. began the revolution that would lead aggressors with every confidence that I want to thank my colleague and to their freedom, mentioned, and this they will again be a sovereign nation. friend from Florida, chairman of the is a quote, he talked about the oppres- And I believe they will, and the United Hellenic Caucus, for the opportunity to sion that the Greeks were having to States will be by their side in both the address this issue which is so close to deal with under rule by the Ottoman fight to secure that freedom and the my heart. Empire and he said, and I quote, ‘‘This, celebration to mark the day when it fi- Mr. BILIRAKIS. Mr. Speaker, I the Greek people, a people of intel- nally arrives. thank the gentleman for doing so very ligence, ingenuity, refinement, spirit I want to say in conclusion, again, to well. and enterprise, have been for centuries congratulate the Greek people for 176 The Greek struggle for independence, under the atrocious and unparalleled years of independence, thank them for as has already been related by Mr. barbarism that ever oppressed the their contributions to American life, GEKAS and Mr. PAPPAS, is filled with human race.’’ and thank the gentleman again, Mr. stories of heroes and acts of heroism. It If you think of Congressman Web- BILIRAKIS, for making sure that we do is the story of the Hydriots, seafarers ster’s words in describing the Greek this special order every year on a regu- who broke the Ottoman naval block- people, intelligence, ingenuity, refine- lar basis. ade. It is the story of Bishop Germanos ment, spirit and enterprise, they are Mr. BILIRAKIS. Mr. Speaker, I of Patras who raised the Greek flag at certainly no less apt today as they thank the gentleman for again joining the Peloponnese Monastery of Agias were when he said those words, I guess in this special order, this remembrance Lavras and cried out, Eleftheria I it is, I do not know how many years and this celebration. Thanotos, liberty or death. ago. I am sure it is over 100 years ago Mr. Speaker, I would like to say at It is the story of Philhellenes, like now. this time that the gentlewoman from Lord Byron, who gave his life for this The other thing that I think we need New York [Mrs. MALONEY], my cochair- cause. It is also the story of U.S. Presi- to point out and we have and Mr. BILI- man of the Hellenic caucus, was on the dent James Monroe, who said the fol- RAKIS has many times is how Greece floor, but she took ill and had to leave lowing in his 1822 State of the Union has been a staunch military ally of the and asked me to insert her remarks in Address, and I quote: United States in World War I. In War the RECORD, and I do miss her attend- The mention of Greece fills the mind with II, when Hitler’s war machine was deci- ance here today and her participation. the most exalted sentiments and arouses in mating Europe, Greece joined the Unit- But Mr. Speaker, the gentleman from our bosoms the best feelings of which our na- ed States to repulse perhaps the great- California [Mr. FILNER] is with us ture is susceptible. That such a country est threat to freedom the world has today and I would recognize him at should have been overwhelmed and so long ever seen. this time. hidden, as it were, from the world under a We hear about the historic battle of Mr. FILNER. Mr. Speaker, I thank gloomy despotism has been a cause of un- Crete in which the spirit of the Greek the gentleman, and like the previous ceasing and deep regret to generous minds for ages past. A strong hope is entertained people forced Hitler to delay his speakers, I thank Mr. BILIRAKIS for this that these people will recover their inde- planned invasion of Russia, one of the annual special order in which we take pendence and resume their equal station most important battles of the Second some time to remember our relation- among the nations of the earth. World War. Of course, in the aftermath ship and our debt to the people and the March 18, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1085 nation of Greece. It is a privilege and the rights and liberties that our coun- Greece. We are all reminded that these an honor to participate with him. try so cherishes. democratic principles born so long in We all know that March 25 will mark Mr. Speaker, Greek Independence Greece were embraced by our Founding the 176th anniversary of the struggle Day celebrates the fight against op- Fathers. Others have said this. It is an that ultimately freed the Greek people pression and the struggle for freedom. example of the ancient Greeks that we from the Ottoman Empire. Back then, We thank the gentleman again for recognize each March the 25th. in 1821, the Greeks raised the flag of helping us to remember that each year. We also celebrate the return of de- revolution against 400 years of Turkish This weekend when I go back to San mocracy to Greece on this day of glory rule and began a series of wars that Diego, I am proud to be joining the for the Greek people. The spirit of de- lasted a full decade and resulted in Greek community in my hometown for mocracy lives on. Many today continue freedom for the nation of Greece. a grand celebration of Greek Independ- to give their lives in order to defend its We look to Greece for many of our ence Day, and I wish the entire Greek- principles. We owe it to those defenders cultural attributes, whether it is American community a joyous celebra- of democracy that we honor the free- science, literature, art, architecture, tion of Greek and American democ- dom and independence of Greece on the philosophy. For over 2,000 years we racy. floor of the House of Representatives have looked to Greece for inspiration. Mr. BILIRAKIS. Mr. Speaker, I here tonight, the world’s greatest hall Before I entered this Chamber, Mr. thank the gentleman for his very pro- of democracy. In doing so, I think that BILIRAKIS, I taught a course on the his- found remarks and for participating in we reaffirm the democratic heritage tory of science at the university level; this special order. And I suppose maybe that Greece and the United States have spent a good part of that course on the the most draconian but possibly best shared throughout the years. contributions of ancient Greece. form of campaign reform might be the These principles are not uniquely It was in the 6th and 5th century B.C. lot process. I am not sure whether we Greek or American. However, our bat- that the Athenians and the Greeks liv- would all agree that that is the way we tles for democracy have given courage ing in the Ionian cities for the first should go. to the rest of the world. Freedom and time asked rational questions about Continuing on, Mr. Speaker, at one independence form a legacy that we the natural world we live in and de- time or another we have all read the cherish and have a responsibility to manded rational answers. Whether it passionate and stirring words of our protect and to defend. We must ensure was on the structure of the universe or American patriot Patrick Henry. It that the light of liberty shines bright the nature of the human body, they in- was 222 years ago on March 23, 1775, throughout the world. Wherever it is vented what we call science. The proc- that Mr. Henry admonished all of his- not, we have a responsibility to share ess that they began back then, in fact, tory when he proclaimed, and I quote, our example. became the most productive and the ‘‘Is life so dear or peace so sweet as to Unfortunately, today liberty is not most profound method of trying to dis- be purchased at the price of chains and shining in all parts of the world. One cover truth in the world, and we owe slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I need only to look at the current civil the Greeks that. know not what course others may take; We look at Greeks, of course, fore- unrest in Albania or the dictatorship in but as for me, give me liberty or give Cuba to realize that more work must most for the model of democracy that me death.’’ We all learned that cer- they gave us. I think every democratic be done. While the Berlin Wall has been tainly in our schooling. dismantled and Russia has been opened nation on earth, past and present, has This same yearning for freedom, Mr. to the world, the Nicosia wall contin- owed a debt to the Greeks, who said Speaker, would echo throughout the ues to divide the country of Cyprus. that human beings can rule them- hearts and minds of every Greek pa- Mr. Speaker, we must stop this selves. We have the capacity, we have triot fighting for liberty. As these senseless division. A divided Cyprus the intelligence to, in fact, rule our- Greek freedom fighters boldly chal- only serves to fuel more tension be- selves. We do not have to look at kings, lenged Ottoman-Turk domination, they tween Greece and Turkey. In fact, Sec- we do not have to look at outside too proclaimed the defiant battle cry, retary of State Madeleine Albright, in forces. We can do it ourselves. ‘‘eletheria I thanatos!’’ Liberty or her own testimony before the House As the gentleman knows, there was death. some debate earlier on spending limits. During this battle for freedom rose Committee on International Relations I think the Greeks might have laughed the exceptional figure of Demetrios stated that, and I quote her words, at that. They believed, in terms of Ypsilantis. In 1825, Ypsilantis, along ‘‘The dispute divides more than two their democracy, that everybody who with 300 soldiers, defended the Castle of Cypriot communities; it continues to was a citizen could serve in their as- Argos for 3 days against an army of act as a wedge between two NATO al- sembly or other offices, and they chose 30,000 Turks. After they had exhausted lies, Turkey and Greece. In doing so, it their leaders each year by lot, by ran- their ammunition, Ypsilantis, along threatens European stability and our dom selection. There were no cam- with his 300 men, secretly escaped vital interests.’’ paigns for office that they had to put through Turkish lines without any According to Secretary Albright, the campaign spending limits on. Term losses. United States, and I quote her, ‘‘Is pre- limits were also built into their sys- This brave feat moved the whole pared to play a larger role in promot- tem. An individual served for a year world. The story reached as far as the ing a resolution to the conflict.’’ and then returned to their job, and it United States. In fact, so inspired were As lovers of freedom, Americans can- seemed to work very well, at least for the inhabitants of a new town in Michi- not continue to tolerate the aggressive the cities of Greece at that time. gan that they decided to name the behavior of Turkey, which still sup- Our Founding Fathers certainly town after Ypsilantis. Today the town presses the light of liberty in Cyprus. looked to the Greek model of democ- of Ypsilantis, MI, has 30,000 people and As we celebrate democracy today, let racy as they drafted our Constitution. a statue of Demetrios Ypsilantis still us remember that our fight is not over; During World War II, as we have heard, stands next to the old water tower. that more work must be done, but that Americans and Greeks stood shoulder This epic account certainly illus- together we can ensure that freedom to shoulder in the battlefields of Eu- trates the common bond and heritage and democracy comes to Cyprus. rope as we fought for freedom. And cer- that both the United States and Greece Mr. HORN. Mr. Speaker, this is the 176th tainly in recent years Americans and share. The relationship between our anniversary of Greek independence, following Greeks have watched with pride as na- two countries is based on mutual re- 400 years of control by the Ottoman Empire. tions all over the world have rejected spect and admiration. As the birthplace of democracy, America has tyranny and embraced the democratic Like many Americans, Mr. Speaker, I a special debt to Greece. ideals we both share. Americans and am the son of immigrants who taught America is committed to Greece as an ally Greeks alike understand the impor- me a great love for the United States. in the fight for freedom and democracy. That tance of supporting the seeds of democ- I am proud that the values of freedom commitment was renewed by the Truman doc- racy around the world and working to- and democracy that we as Americans trine and more recently within the NATO com- ward a day when everyone is permitted hold so dear originated in ancient munity. H1086 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 18, 1997 America also is indebted to the great serv- The parallels between the two countries, the countless, and all have come in spite of the ice of the Greek-American community, includ- United States and Greece, are remarkable. historical adversity this determined nation has ing Members of this House such as Congress- American political thought was influenced just faced. man BILIRAKIS. as much by Greek [philosophy as the Greek March 25, 1821, marked the Greek Declara- Ms. PELOSI. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to revolution of 1821 was inspired by the Amer- tion of Independence, a day ending almost join with my colleagues to pay tribute to ican fight for freedom in 1776. In fact, Greek 400 years of subjugation and persecution at Greece, a nation that has contributed much to intellectuals translated our Declaration of Inde- the hands of the Ottoman Empire. Deprived of the civilized world. On March 25, we celebrate pendence and used it as their own declara- civil rights, as well as access to the edu- the 176th anniversary of Greek independence. tion. The incredible historical struggles we cational and religious institutions for which It was on this day in 1821 that, as one of share have created a bond between our two they were famous, the Greeks waged a valiant the stories goes, Bishop Germanos of Patras nations that goes far beyond present day for- war of independence to reacquire for them- declared in St. George's Square ``Eleftheria eign relations, trade agreements and security selves the vital rights they themselves had es- I(ee) Thanatos'': Freedom or death. The pacts. tablished for the rest of the world to enjoy. phrase became the battle cry of the Greeks Mr. Speaker, I am proud to represent a The hard-won victory for independence has and all who came to their aid in the ensuing large and active Greek community in the Fifth been followed by continuous adversity which revolution to end 400 years of Ottoman rule. District of Massachusetts. As a supporter of is- the Greeks have repeatedly overcome and still More than 2,000 years after it brought forth sues of concern in the Greek-American com- been able to thrive. Greece has been a true the concept of democracy, Greece would munity, I would like to recognize this popu- friend to America and has aligned with the begin its long struggle for independence, and lation and their interests. Greek civilization United States for every major conflict in the the right to claim for itself that which it had so touches our lives as Americans, and enhances 20th century. This loyalty and dedication to the selflessly given to the rest of the free world: the cultural existence of this great Nation. tenets of freedom did not come at a cheap governance by the people. It is the etymology Mr. VISCLOSKY. Mr. Speaker, I rise today priceÐover 600,000 Greeks lost their lives in of the word ``democracy'': ``demos'' meaning to pay tribute to the 176th anniversary of World War II while fighting against the Axis people, ``kratos'' meaning state, hence the Greek Independence Day, which is on March Powers. Since that time, Greece again un- people's state. 24. I use this occasion not only to mark Greek Half way around the world, another young flinchingly sided with the forces of democracy independence, but also to celebrate the nation was in the midst of its growing pains. by joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza- unique relationship that exists between the The United States of America, barely 45 years tion [NATO] in 1952 in spite of Soviet threats Greek and American peoples. old in 1821, was putting into practice, the prin- As almost every school child knows, modern of dire consequences for such action. ciples of ancient Greece. The ideals of Greek democracy has its roots in the ancient Athe- Greece continues to inspire the rest of the democracy were not lost on our forefathers nian system of government that was devel- world with its persistent dedication to democ- who drew inspiration from the ancient tradi- oped over 2,500 years ago. While the demo- racy and freedom, and it has particularly tions. ``To the Ancient Greeks,'' said Thomas cratic ideals developed during this time did not blessed the United States with 1.1 million Jefferson, ``we are all indebted for the light always rule in Greece, the writings of its lead- Americans of Greek ancestry who continue to which led ourselves out of Gothic darkness.'' exemplify the importance of family, education, Time and again, the Greeks have shown ers and philosophers have influenced genera- tions of people in almost every country around and hard work. Born right here in our Nation's themselves to be fierce protectors of demo- Capital, Pete Sampras, the No. 1 tennis player cratic ideals. During World War II, in the the world. Among those who were influenced by an- in the world, is but one Greek-American mountains of northern Greece, shepherds whose work-ethic and determination epito- turned rebel fighters used the terrain and mea- cient Greek philosophers was American Founding Father Thomas Jefferson, who mizes the rich heritage for which all Americans ger arms to baffle the Axis and slow the Nazi should be thankful. march into the Balkans. One in seven Greeks taught himself how to read Greek at an early died for freedom during the war. age. In his adulthood, Jefferson called upon I am proud to represent the many Greek- In times of peace and prosperity too, the his knowledge of the Greek tradition of de- Americans living in the Seventh Congressional contributions of the Greek community are im- mocracy when writing the Declaration of Inde- District of Pennsylvania and contributing to the measurable. Greek-Americans have played a pendence and other important works, which diverse culture we enjoy. These hard-working significant role in all aspects to American life. were a catalyst to American independence families demonstrate the values and cohesion Here in this Chamber, the children of Greek from the British. Years later, Jefferson's to which all Americans aspire. immigrants have brought their legacy and in- writings helped inspire the Greek people to As we look to March 25, let us bear in mind spiration, and have made this place a better rise up and successfully win their independ- the tremendous sacrifices made by Greece one for their contributions. The social fabric ence from the Ottoman EmpireÐthe very and appreciate the democracy that we, as that is San Francisco would be less vibrant, event that we celebrate today. Americans, enjoy in large measure because of less vital were it not for the presence of the This close and symbiotic relationship contin- Greece's role as the birthplace of democracy. ues to this day. Greece is one of the only Greek-American community which has worked Mr. MANTON. Mr. Speaker, I am proud to countries to have supported the United States tirelessly in the best interests of diversity. join my colleague and friend, Mr. BILIRAKIS, to during every major international conflict this Mr. MEEHAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in mark the 176th anniversary of the revolution century, and it plays a vital role in the North celebration of Greek independence from the liberating the people of Greece from the nearly Atlantic Treaty Organization. The United Ottoman Empire. March 25, 1997, will mark 400 years of domination by the Ottoman Em- States, in turn, has worked to bring a peaceful the 176th anniversary of the start of Greece's pire. struggle for independence. A historic series of solution to the situation on the island of Cy- uprisings against the Greek's Turkish oppres- prus, which was brutally invaded by Turkey in We, as Americans, owe much to the country sors began on this day. Soon the nation would 1974. of Greece. The very foundation of our form of erupt into a revolution attracting international Mr. Speaker, I am proud to join my col- Government and the freedoms we enjoy are attention and support. leagues in celebrating Greek Independence based upon the democratic teachings of early The struggle of the Greek people against Day. I salute the Greek people for having the Greece. The Greek culture has played a cru- the Ottoman Empire exemplifies the remark- courage to break the bonds of oppression 176 cial role in fostering freedom and democracy able ability of a people to overcome all obsta- years ago and I look forward to continued co- throughout the world. In the great words of cles if the will to endure is strong enough and operation between our two nations. Finally, I Charles Eliot Norton, ``A knowledge of Greek the goal, freedom, is bright enough. would like to salute my distinguished col- thought and life, and of the arts in which the Today, the United States of America rep- league from Florida, Mr. BILIRAKIS, for arrang- Greeks expressed their thought and senti- resents what we know as true freedom and ing this special order today. ment, is essential to high culture.'' democracy. Although no nation is perfect in its Mr. WELDON of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speaker, The relationship between Greece and the policies, America is still considered the stand- in commemoration of March 25, 1997, the United States is one based on mutual respect ard by which citizens around the world com- 176th anniversary of Greek independence and admiration. This is illustrated in Greece's pare their own governments. People living from oppressive Ottoman rule, I would like to national anthem, ``* * * There was heartfelt under oppressive regimes have looked to the acknowledge and honor the tremendous con- joy in the land of Washington remembering United States for generations to gain strength tributions that the Greek people have made to the chains which had tied them too.'' Our in their struggles to overcome their oppres- the world. The invaluable scientific, philosophi- Founding Fathers and the American Revolu- sors. cal, and cultural gifts of the Greek people are tion served as ideals for the Greek people March 18, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1087 when they began their modern fight for inde- I am proud to stand today in commemora- politics, entertainment, business, and edu- pendence in the 1820's. The Greeks trans- tion of Greek independence and in recognition cationÐGreek-Americans continue to make a lated the United States Declaration of Inde- of the contribution Greece and Greek-Ameri- valuable contribution to American life. pendence into their own language so they cans have made to our country. I am honored to pay tribute to the Greek could share in the same ideas of freedom as Mr. LOBIONDO. Mr. Speaker, I rise as a community on the anniversary of their inde- the United States. member of the congressional caucus on Hel- pendence day. Mr. Speaker, the relationship between the lenic issues to again recognize Greek Inde- Mr. KENNEDY of Rhode Island. Mr. Speak- United States and Greece has continued and pendence Day. This is a day to honor the sac- er, today is a great day in Greece's history for thrived in modern times. Greece is one of only rifices made by the Greek people over hun- we are once again celebrating the independ- three countries in the world that has been al- dreds of years in their struggle against the op- ence of Greece, one of our Nation's closest al- lied with the United States in every inter- pressive rule of the Ottoman Empire. lies. I want to commend the gentleman from national conflict this century. More than This day also reminds us that Greece and Florida, for assembling this special order and 600,000 Greek soldiers died fighting against the United States share much in common, in- for organizing the congressional caucus on the Axis Powers during World War II. Many cluding the 1.1 million American citizens who Hellenic issues. I am pleased to be part of an Greek soldiers continued their fight for free- are of Greek ancestry. I am pleased to join organized and concerted effort to speak out dom and democracy after World War II when New Jersey's Greek-American citizens in their on those issues which are important to they fought against Communist rebels who celebration. Greece, Cyprus, and our constituents of Hel- threatened the liberty of the Greek people, Many artistic and intellectual traditions have lenic descent. however, the Greeks were successful in en- been handed down to the people of the United It is time to celebrate the beginning of suring the stability and strength of democracy States of America by the people of Greece. Greece's struggle for independence from the in their victorious nation. Our Nation is richer for these traditions, and oppression of the Ottoman Empire. The peo- On this occasion of commemorating the we remain grateful to Greece. ple of Greece began their struggle for freedom unique and historic relationship between the The ties that bind America to Greece are on March 25, 1821. The colonists of America United States and Greece, I invite my col- not only historical, but also modern. Ameri- offered an example to Greece in the struggle leagues to join me as a Member of the Con- cans have fought side by side with Greeks in against oppression, and, also, Athenian de- gressional Caucus on Hellenic Issues. It is an two world wars as well as in the Persian Gulf mocracy was an inspiration to our revolution- excellent chance for Members to work to- war. Today, Greece is our invaluable ally in ary heroes. gether in a bipartisan manner on issues which the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. I call Today, we honor the ties between these two effect all Greeks and Greek-Americans. upon President Clinton and the Secretary of countries. Each day that we meet is a celebra- Mr. Speaker, I intend to continue my strong State, Madeleine Albright, to make GreeceÐ tion of the debt America owes to Greece for commitment to the Greek Community on is- and the protection of Greeks in Cyprus and founding the idea of democracy. We pay hom- sues which effect them, including the perma- TurkeyÐa primary focus of United States for- age to this every day when we meet and de- nent solution of the Cyprus problem; promot- eign policy. bate and vote and freely share ideas. ing a positive relationship between Greece Mr. Speaker, in closing, I would ask all Furthermore, there is much to be attributed and Macedonia; as well as ensuring that the Members of the House to join with me in hon- to the hard work of the sons and daughters of countries of Turkey and Albania cease their in- oring the historical ties between the United Greece who have come to the United States fringement on human rights and violations of States and Greece and in continuing to foster have made a tremendous impact on their international law. the close relationship between our two coun- communities. Mr. Speaker, I urge my colleagues to join tries that has proven so successful. In my State of Rhode Island, there are in- me in celebrating the strong friendship be- Mr. LAFALCE. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to credibly strong and productive Greek commu- tween the people of the United States and commemorate Greek Independence DayÐa nities. Since the turn of the century, Greek im- Greece and pay tribute to the important con- national day of celebration of Greek and migrants have settled in Providence, Paw- tributions the Greek culture and Greek-Ameri- American democracy. March 25 marks the tucket, and Newport, RI. There they built busi- cans have made throughout the world. Mrs. LOWEY. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to 176th anniversary of the beginning of the rev- nesses, neighborhoods, churches, schools, commemorate the 176th anniversary of olution that freed the Greek people from the and raised families. Rhode Island is richer be- Greece's independence from the Ottoman Em- Ottoman Empire. cause of all they have given. pire, and to celebrate the shared democratic An historic bond exists between Greece and Today, we celebrate what Ancient Greece heritage of Greece and the United States. I America, forged by our shared democratic her- gave to the founding of our Nation, the suc- thank my colleague from Florida, Congress- itage. America is truly indebted to the Ancient cess of the Greek Independence movement, Greeks for giving the world the first example man BILIRAKIS, for organizing this special order and what Greek-Americans have devoted to and for his leadership on issues of importance of democracy. As this neoclassically designed the development of the United States. I thank to the Greek-American community. building provides a protected place for our my colleagues for all of their hard work in On March 25, 1821, after more than 400 own democratic government to flourish, the making this special order possible and look years of Ottoman Turk domination, Greece de- philosophical and democratic influences of the forward to further work with the Hellenic cau- clared its independence and resumed its right- Ancient Greeks provides the inspiration. It is cus. ful place in the world as a beacon of democ- therefore fitting that Members of this Chamber Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, I'm pleased to racy. join in paying tribute to the long struggle for be able to rise to speak on this occasion The people of Greece and the United States freedom that Greece endured. which marks a day of historical significance for share a common bond in their commitment to On March 25, 1821, when Germanos, the Americans and all who revere the blessings democracy. Our Founding Fathers looked to archbishop of Patros, proclaimed Greek inde- which a democratic way of life have afforded the teachings of Greek philosophy in their pendence, another link between Greece and us. I thank the gentleman from Florida [Mr. struggle for freedom and democracy. And the the United States was forged. The American BILIRAKIS] for organizing this special order, and American experience in turn inspired the Revolution served as a model for the Greek I wish to let him know how much we appre- Greek people who fought so hard for inde- struggle for freedom, and the Declaration of ciate his efforts in the House to keep Hellenic pendence 176 years ago. Independence, translated into Greek, served issues before us. This bond between our two peoples as the declaration of the end of the Greek On March 25th, Greece will celebrate the stretches beyond the philosophy of democ- struggle in 1830. 176th anniversary of its declaration of inde- racy. The relationship between the United The interconnection between Greek and pendence from foreign domination. We revere States and Greece has grown stronger and American democracies lies not only in the phil- and honor the contribution that Greek civiliza- stronger through the years, and Greece re- osophical underpinnings of our government, tion has made to our democratic traditions. mains today one of our most important allies. but in many areas of American life. The Eng- The cause of Greek independence and the And the contribution Greece makes to life in lish poet Percy Bysshe Shelley once said, adherence of the Greek nation to the path of America is even stronger than the ties be- ``We are all Greeks! Our laws, our literature, democracy and true respect for the will of the tween our two countries. Greek-Americans are our religion, our art, have their roots in people to determine their political course has a vital part of our cultural heritage. My district Greece.'' The tremendous influence that always been dear to the hearts of democrats in New York would not be what it is today Greece has had on American life continues (with a small d) everywhere. Modern Greece without the valuable contributions made by the today through the activities of the dynamic rekindled the flame of democracy that first Greek-American community. Greek community in America. In every fieldÐ burned in the hearts of the citizens of ancient H1088 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 18, 1997 Athens when it threw off the tyrannical yoke of Greek people fought valiantly in pursuit of Mr. BONIOR. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to the Ottoman overlords in 1821, an act that in- freedom and self-rule for eight years. Finally, join the Greek community to celebrate the spired all the peoples of Europe and this in 1827, the Allied powers lent support to the 176th anniversary of Greek independence. hemisphere. Greek effort. In 1829, not only did the united On March 25, 1821, the Archbishop of Mr. FROST. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to forces defeat the Turks, but the Greek people Patras blessed the Greek flag at the Aghia again rise in support of our annual special also gained recognition of their independence Lavra Monastery near Kalavrita, marking the order in recognition of Greek Independence by the very power that had oppressed them beginning of the Greek war of independence Day. since the Fifteenth Century. in which nearly 400 years of Ottoman rule Today, as we pay tribute to the movement The Greek people continued their struggle were turned aside. for Greek independence that began 176 years against the threat of undemocratic regimes Ancient Greece was the birthplace of demo- ago, I would like to espouse the importance of into the 20th century. At the height of World cratic values. It brought forth the notion that this island nation to the lives of all Americans. War II, when it appeared that Nazi forces the ultimate power to govern belongs in the Greece has been called the birthplace of de- would soon overrun Europe, the Greek people hands of the people. It inspired a system of mocracy, having contributed much to the fought courageously on behalf of the rest of checks and balances to ensure that one structure of our society and to the establish- the worldÐat a cost of a half a million lives. branch of government does not dominate any ment of this very institution. While today we The Greek people dealt a severe blow to the other branch. may take it for granted, the concept of majority ability of the Axis forces to control the Medi- These ideals inspired our Founding Fathers rule with full respect for the rights of the mi- terranean and sealed off the Black Sea which as they wrote the Constitution. In the words of nority was first developed in ancient Greece. helped to turn the tide of World War II. Thomas Jefferson, ``to the ancient Greeks This notion is deeply embedded in our own Today, Greece is still threatened by outside * * * we are all indebted for the light which Declaration of Independence and Constitution. forces and knows too well that freedom and led ourselves out of Gothic darkness.'' Today, as we struggle with problems and cri- independence come at a priceÐvigilance. Today, the United States is enriched not ses that were unimaginable two thousand While March 25 marks Greece's accomplish- only by Greek principles but also by its sons years ago, we are guided by the philosophies ment as an independent nation, it also sym- and daughters. Greek-Americans have made of ancient Greece. bolizes the Greek people's continued defense major contributions to American society, in- Of course, the influence of Greece contin- of democracy, an idea given birth by the great cluding our arts, sports, medicine, religion, and ues to this day. Here in the United States and philosophers in Athens more than 2,500 years politics. throughout the world, Greek-Americans con- ago. Greece's presence as a free and lasting My home State of Michigan has been en- tinue to make significant contributions to all democracy in an often unstable region of hanced by the Greek community. In Macomb aspects of our culture. former totalitarian states is one reason why and St. Clair Counties, we are served by St. So, in recognition of all of the achievements some of the infant democracies of the Balkans John's Greek Orthodox Church and Assump- and contributions the Greek people have may yet survive and flourish. In fact, just this tion Greek Orthodox Church. These institu- made to this country and toward the better- week, the Greek government sent humani- tions provide a multitude of community serv- ment of the human race, I salute Greece in tarian aid to her strife torn neighbor, Albania. ices and add to the rich diversity of the area. their celebration of independence and free- Greece remains a shining example of democ- Mr. Speaker, I join the people of Greece dom. racy in the Balkans. and those of Greek ancestry around the world In particular, we in America are gratified by Once again, I am grateful for the opportunity celebrating Greek Independence Day. I salute Greece's role as a close American ally, and by to join my colleagues and my constituents in all of them for the tremendous contributions to the contribution that the Greek-American com- observing this very important celebration. freedom and human dignity which they have munity makes to this countryÐand we only Each March, I remember where America's made. have to look around this chamber to see our own democratic principles were derived, and I Mr. COYNE. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to members of Greek heritage with whom I know honor the invaluable contributions Greek- join in this special order commemorating we are all proud to serve. We also appreciate Americans have brought to this country. The Greek Independence Day. the role that Greece plays as a stable anchor more than 700,000 Greeks who have come In 1821, 176 years ago, the Greek people here, have benefitted us with a stronger, civ- in the heart of the turbulent Balkans as anar- undertook a prolonged, uncertain, and painful ilized and more cultured heritage. Mr. Speak- chy wracks its neighbor to the north, Albania. struggle to win their independence. The cause Mr. Speaker, we look to Greece to continue er, I salute Greece and Greek-Americans for of Greek independence required nearly 10 to play the strong and responsible role it has their outstanding achievements and their com- years of courage, persistence, and sacrifice. played in assuring that the Aegean and east- mitment to the ideals of freedom. The price of freedom was very heavy. In the Mr. DOYLE. Mr. Speaker, I rise today in ern Mediterranean remain a region of peace end, however, the Greek people were suc- support of Greek Independence Day. and stability. I trust that our government will Throughout the 20th century, Greece has cessful in winning their freedom and establish- also continue to support a free, prosperous, stood strong, first in the face of imperialism ing an independent nation. and strong Greece. I urge all our members to during World War I, then against the Fascist Congress recognizes Greek Independence join in wishing the people and government of incursion of the Axis Powers during World War Day because we believe that it is important to Greece our best wishes and heartfelt hopes II, and finally in facing down the Communist commemorate the struggle of the Greek peo- for a bright future. threat during the cold war. ple to secure the right of democratic self-gov- Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. Mr. Speaker, I rise The shared victory of Western democracies ernment. This triumph in itself is significant as to join with my colleagues to celebrate the in defeating communism would not have been a testament to the importance of freedom, but 176th anniversary of Greek Independence possible without the dedicated participation of given the special place that Greece holds in Day, a day in which the United States and Greece. Also, as Americans, we must con- world history as the birthplace of democracy, Greece share our democratic ideals. Our mu- tinue to recognize the pivotal role played by the story of the 19th-century Greek struggle tual respect for freedom and liberty dates back Greece in meeting our goal of maintaining and for independence takes on added poignancy. to the late 18th century when our Founding enhancing the economic and political stability Congress also recognizes Greek Independ- Fathers looked to ancient Greece for direction of Europe and the Mediterranean. ence Day because the concepts of personal in writing our own Constitution. Benjamin Greece continues to stand firm as a bulwark liberty and self-government that were devel- Franklin and Thomas Jefferson persuaded a of stability in an otherwise volatile region. Just oped in ancient Greece were subsequently noted Greek scholar, John Paradise, to come today, Prime Minister Costos Simitis has adopted by 17th- and 18th-century philoso- to the United States for consultation on the called for a summit of Balkan leaders to deal phers and formed the basis for the political be- political philosophy of democracy. As a result with the crisis in Albania. It is this type of ac- liefs that fueled the French and American Rev- of this earlier friendship, the Greeks adopted tionÐworking for regional stability when it is olutions. the American Declaration of Independence as most neededÐthat clearly demonstrates the Greece and the United States have much in their own, sealing a bond which has endured important role the people and Government of common. Greece and the United States can between our two nations ever since. Greece continue to play in the modern world. each legitimately claim to be the cradle of de- For Greek-Americans and those who prac- Again, I congratulate the people of Greece mocracy. Each country's legacy inspired patri- tice the Greek Orthodox faith, March 25 marks on their ongoing positive contribution to peace ots of the other country in their struggle for the date when in 1821, the Greek people rose and democracy throughout the world, and independence. And each country has had an against four centuries of Ottoman rule. Under wish them all the best on their independence important influence on Western culture and the leadership of Alexander Ypsilanti, the day. modern intellectual thought. Moreover, both March 18, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H1089 the Greek and the American people share come to be nationally renowned for its authen- Mr. ROTHMAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to many common qualitiesÐqualities like energy, ticity and devotion to ethnic tradition. join with my colleagues in paying tribute to creativity, entrepreneurship, and courage. It And while I am proud to be a part of a Na- Greek Independence Day. should, then, come as no surprise that Greek tion that recognizes the contributions of Some 61 years ago President Franklin Dela- Independence Day is being observed today in Greek-Americans and the fundamental signifi- no Roosevelt remarked that, ``In the truest the U.S. House of Representatives. I am cance of this historic day, I am quick to re- sense freedom cannot be bestowed, it must pleased to join my colleagues and our coun- member that this is a spirit to which we must be achieved.'' It is this very achievement, the try's Greek-American citizens in celebrating be true each and every day. A spirit that must embrace of liberty by the Greek nation, that Greek Independence Day. never be forgotten or taken for granted for a we celebrate here today. And in a sense, Mr. BLUMENAUER. Mr. Speaker, I rise single moment. Ironically, Greece is one na- today we celebrate not only the 176th year of today to offer my congratulations and support tion that knows this only too well. Greek independence, but we honor the ideals to the nation of Greece and Greek descend- For over 20 long years, the world has upon which independence was secured in ants everywhere in the celebration of Greek shared the outrage felt by the residents of Cy- 1821. Values like honor, dedication, and per- Independence Day. As a nation that has prus whose land has been illegally occupied severance were the call-words in the estab- played and continues to play a dramatic and by Turkish forces, and shared the pain of the lishment of an independent Greek state. important historical role, Greece deserves our families of the 1,619 Greek Cypriots who are For the thousands of Greek-Americans liv- every respect and admiration on their day of still missing from the invasion. In the midst of ing in my congressional district, this day is independence. our celebration of the freedoms we enjoy as a representative of the determination of the Ancient Greece served as a model for many result of Greece's contributions to society, we Greek people to secure freedom against all ideas that have transformed the world for the must not overlook this issue. odds. After being under Ottoman rule for four better. Two of those ideas, democracy and the In honor of all those who have struggled in centuries, the Greek people realized their na- Olympic games, serve to bring people to- the cause for democracy, I ask that we renew tional aspirations by securing their independ- gether in the spirit of friendly debate and com- our commitment to reaching a fair resolution to ence in 1821. It was that realization that petition, and bring out the best in everyone in- the conflict in Cyprus. began a new era for Greece and has resulted Until then, I wish all of the Greek-Americans volved. in a warm relationship with the United States When our Founding Fathers looked to the of Chicago and across the Nation a very of America. lessons of the ancients and their system of happy Greek Independence Day. On this and Today, Greece is a prosperous country and government in order to build a government every day, their invaluable contributions to our a fully engaged member of NATO and the Eu- that could both respond to the people's con- society will not be forgotten. ropean Union. And today, in all walks of life, Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise today cerns and stand the test of time, they used the Greek-Americans continue to make remark- to join in recognition of the 176th anniversary Greek system of government as their primary able contributions to our country in the arts, of the independence of Greece. humanities, and the areas of sport and com- inspiration. When Thomas Jefferson wrote ``I Greek Independence Day, which is cele- consider the people who constitute a society merce. brated in a variety of ways nationwide, com- Mr. Speaker, as a strong supporter of is- or nation as the source of all authority in that memorates the birth of modern Greece. sues dear to the Greek-American community, nation,'' he was building on the example that Whether the festivities take the form of pa- I am proud to recognize Greek Independence the ancient Greeks set over 2,000 years ago. rades, dances, songs, or feasts, the common Day and I wish to extend on this special day This body's bipartisan retreat last weekend thread of freedom runs through all activities. my congratulations to all Greek-Americans in Hershey, PA, was certainly an example of The battle for liberty fought by the Greeks and all the citizens of Greece. where the Greeks inspired us to work to- ended with the triumph of democracy. This Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN. Mr. Speaker, I am gether. The Olympics have always been an struggle has significant relevance for the Unit- honored to join my colleagues today in re- opportunity for athletes to put aside their dif- ed States. Sacrificing for the principle of de- membering the 176th anniversary Greek Inde- ferences and compete honestly and in the mocracy is a fundamental value Greece and pendence Day. I especially wish to thank my spirit of fair play. Our work together in Her- the United States share. friend and fellow Floridian, Congressman MIKE shey was an effort to bring that way of think- The commemoration of Greek Independ- BILIRAKIS, and my other good friend, Con- ing back to this body, and I'd like to think that ence Day also represents the special relation- gresswoman CAROLYN MALONEY, for calling the spirit of the Greeks watched over us at ship between Greece and the United States. the special order to raise the public's aware- that retreat and guided our actions to produce The bond reaches back to the early 19th cen- ness of the history of Greece and the impor- better and more civilized debate about the is- tury when Americans went to aid Greece in tant role Greece has played in the United sues that we are working on. their war of independence. Now, approaching States and the world. I represent a large number of Greek de- the 21st century, we're embarking upon a rein- When we celebrate Greek Independence scendants, and the Greek community is a very vigorated alliance. Sharing in the NATO part- Day we need to note that March 25 is not the active one in my hometown of Portland, OR. nership and working toward a sustained peace day that all of Greece gained its independ- Their contribution to our culture and our com- in the Balkans are two prominent examples of ence. March 25 was the day that Athens and munity is an overwhelmingly positive one, and this relationship. a small portion of Greece gained independ- it is one I enjoy taking part in every year. Another praiseworthy element exemplified ence and then areas populated by Greeks Today, I am happy to honor not only the mem- by Greek Independence Day is community in- were liberated one by one until we have the bers of the Greek community in my district, volvement. In the United States, Greek-Ameri- Greece of today. but around the State of Oregon and the na- cans make invaluable contributions to the cul- It has often been said Greece's great gift to tion, by celebrating their nation's independ- tural, educational, and social fabric of Amer- the United States and to the world is the gov- ence day. ican society. As a lifelong New Yorker, I know ernmental system of democracy. Well that is Mr. BLAGOJEVICH. Mr. Speaker, on behalf firsthand about the robust civic spirit the indeed a great gift which has brought much of the 200,000 Greek Americans of Greek-American community embodies. The happiness to the world. But, it was the Greek Chicagoland, I am proud to pay tribute to the hard work demonstrated by the many volun- courage, spirit and desire for liberty which 176th anniversary of Greek Independence teers to put the Greek Independence Day helped the world to understand that democ- Day. Theirs is a rich heritage to be celebrated celebrations together represents this strong racy is the best way for people to join together by all Americans and those who enjoy the sense of community. All members of the in common association. freedoms of democracy across the world. Greek community should be very proud of the The Greek people, through their history, Greek-Americans have played a vital role in multiplicity of events celebrating Greek Inde- have shown an indomitable will to fight for shaping the progress of the city of Chicago. pendence Day. their freedom. The Greek victories are well Their leadership in areas including commerce, I want to thank my colleague from Florida, known throughout history. There was the civics, the arts, and education has extended Mr. BILIRAKIS, for organizing this special order Greek war for independence that freed part of far beyond the benefits of their historic legacy to celebrate Greek Independence Day. We Greece from the Ottoman Empire and later of democracy. They are good neighbors and should take this moment to salute the heroic during World War II the Nazi invaders. But citizens who share a culture for which feats of Greeks in their struggle for independ- Greeks have suffered less known tragedies Chicagoans hold the deepest affection. Re- ence, recognize the strong bonds that exist that would have broken the spirit or destroyed cently undergoing a wonderful restoration to between the United States and Greece, and a lesser people. host America at the Democratic National Con- applaud the contribution Greek-Americans Today Greek minorities in Turkey and other vention, our city's Greek Town community has make to communities across the country. places in Eastern Europe are suffering political H1090 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE March 18, 1997 and religious persecution. That is why this as they fought for their own independence. the result of exploitation of workers by special order is so important. In addition to re- Since their independence, Greece has be- employers in large numbers, exploi- minding the American people of their roots to come one of the most trusted partners allied tation in terms of low payment of the cradle of democracy in Greece, we need with the United States in every major inter- wages in general and working workers to continue raising the public's awareness of national conflict in this century. around the clock, late hours each day, the constant threat Greeks live under in East- In light of this special and longstanding rela- weekends, Sundays, Saturdays. There ern Europe. tionship, some recent actions taken by the ad- was great exploitation at the time this The Greek Cypriots in occupied northern ministration are particularly troubling. The pro- New Deal legislation came into being. Cyprus live under intolerable inhuman condi- posed sale of Seahawk naval helicopters It did two things: It made the work- tions since their land was occupied by a mili- sends the wrong signal to Turkey, particularly ers fortunate to have jobs get better tary force. Tensions continue to rise around given the tense situation on Cyprus. treatment and better pay; and it also Cyprus and I urge the administration to apply The Hellenic Caucus responded by sending made employers employ more workers. the same degree of commitment to finding a a letter condemning this sale to President If employers were going to have to pay peaceful solution to the Cyprus crisis that it Clinton that was signed by over 80 Members time and a half rate to people who were applied to the Bosnian crisis. of Congress. I believe that it is time for the ad- employed, instead of driving the work I introduced legislation last Congress to help ministration to reach the same conclusion and force that they have incessantly, they relieve the suffering of the enclaved Greek end unfortunate weapons sales until certain are likely to want to hire people, more Cypriots and am considering similar legislation actions are halted. We need a rational policy people, and pay them at the regular in this Congress. We must end the senseless that does not encourage aggressive actions rate. persecution of these brave people. I just hope and attitudes. There can be no middle or neu- So it had both effects, that more peo- that the administration does not allow this situ- tral position between those who uphold the ple got jobs, and those who had the ation to continue to fester hoping it will go rules of law and those who violate it. jobs had better working conditions. away. Mr. Speaker, I am proud to join in celebrat- Now we are about to make a drastic Mr. Speaker, the link between the United ing Greek independence and the indomitable, change. It is a revolutionary change in States and Greece is a strong bond and I be- life-giving spirit of its people. labor law. This is no small item. It is a lieve the United States should thank the Greek f revolutionary change in labor law. It is people for not just being a good ally to Amer- FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT TO an extreme measure, an extreme step ica but for their gifts of our heritage of democ- BE CHANGED BY H.R. 1 to take. It is an extreme step to take racy and individual liberty. I am happy to join The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under and it does not have to be that way. If my colleagues in celebrating this joyous anni- the Speaker’s announced policy of Jan- we want flexibility in the law, and no versary. uary 7, 1997, the gentleman from New law is written in stone, it does not Again, I thank my friends Congressman BILI- York [Mr. OWENS] is recognized for 60 have to be forever. Things change. RAKIS and Congresswoman MALONEY for call- minutes. Each generation has the right to look ing this special order and for their leadership Mr. OWENS. I want to alert every- at the laws that it might be bound by on Hellenic issues. body to the fact that we are going to be and change those laws. There is noth- Mrs. MALONEY of New York. Mr. Speaker, considering H.R. 1, the bill which deals ing sacred about laws made by man- I first of all want to thank the gentleman from with the denial of cash payments for kind. Florida [Mr. BILIRAKIS] for organizing this spe- overtime pay work to workers. b 2030 cial order to celebrate Greek Independence H.R. 1 is called, rightly by the Demo- Day. crats, the Paycheck Reduction Act, or So we can change it. But why take a I am very fortunate and very pleased and some of us call it the Employer Cash great step which just happens to be a privileged to represent Astoria, NYÐone of the Enhancement Act. step on the backs of the people at the largest and most vibrant communities of Greek I will have an amendment on the bottom of the economic structure? The and Cypriot Americans in this country. floor tomorrow in connection with H.R. lowest income people will suffer the It is truly one of my greatest pleasures as a 1. That amendment deals with two- most. Why do that when you do not Member of Congress to be able to participate thirds of the American work force, have to? You could take some steps to- in the life of this community, and the wonderful two-thirds of the people out there in ward changing the law, making the law and vital Greek-American friends that I have the work force making $10 an hour or more flexible, without hurting so many come to know are one of its greatest rewards. less, and my amendment deals with people. I have also had the pleasure of establishing trying to protect their interests. The statistics show that two-thirds the Congressional Caucus on Hellenic Issues I have been given the grand sum of 10 of the people who are working, fortu- with the gentleman from Florida. This caucus minutes to debate my amendment. nate enough to have a job, are earning allows Members of the House to join together That is 5 minutes for the opposition less than $10 an hour. I propose that if to find ways to work toward better United and 5 minutes for myself to debate an you have to go forward and change the States-Greek and Cypriot relations. amendment which impacts on two- labor law, the Fair Labor Standards March 25, 1997, will mark the 176th anni- thirds of the work force. Act, and it looks as if the votes are versary of the day when Greece declared her We are going into the session tomor- there, the majority Republicans have independence, beginning an 8-year struggle row with the most important bill that the vote in the House of Representa- for freedom. we have considered thus far in this ses- tives. In the other body, in the Senate, From the fall of Constantinople in 1453, until sion. It is called H.R. 1 because the ma- they are steam rolling forward. They the Declaration of Independence in 1821, al- jority party, the majority Republicans, have the votes. So the likelihood is most 400 years, Greece remained under the consider it to be so important as to that this Republican-controlled Con- heel of the Ottoman Empire. During that time, give it that distinction of being H.R. 1. gress will come out with a bill that the people were deprived of all civil rights. It is first in priority, and it deals they both agree on, and it will have to Schools and churches. with changing the Fair Labor Stand- be negotiated with the White House. One hundred seventy-six years ago, the ards Act, which has existed since The White House is saying that they Greek people were able to resume their right- Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal. will not sign such a bill, they will veto ful place as an ideal of democracy for the rest The Fair Labor Standards Act will now the bill as it is. But when the White of the Western world. be changed to remove from it the man- House says it will veto a bill as it is, The ancient Greek paradigm of democracy date that when workers work more that is a clear statement even to a and individual liberties inspired our country to than 40 hours a week, they must be sophomore in high school that what seek its own independence, and in that sense, paid at a rate of time and a half. If an they are saying is we will negotiate. as the American philosopher Will Durant ob- individual is making $10 an hour and What will the negotiations be? What served, ``Greece is the bright morning star of they work over 40 hours a week, every I am saying is that it is likely that this that Western civilization which is our nourish- hour over 40 hours must be paid at the revolutionary change in labor law ment and life.'' rate of $15 an hour. It is that simple. which is rolling forward, it is likely Yet half a century later, the American Revo- This bill did not fall from heaven. that it is going to pass, it is likely that lution became one of the ideals of the Greeks The act did not fall from heaven. It was we are going to have some change in