Roger Federer Is Flawless, Even When Others Are Better the Yeniche In

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T HE MAGA ZIN E FOR THE SWISS A BROAD

AUGUST 2014 / NO. 4

Roger Federer is ﬂawless, even when others are better

The Yeniche in Switzerland are asserting themselves

Franz Weber and his ﬁght for a better Switzerland International Health Insurance 61 11

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Critical reflection is not sacrilegious

eople were upset and let it be known – politicians as well as journalists. The 4 reason? At the end of June, the “SonntagsZeitung” published a report on a “se - Mailbag Pcret think tank” formed in Berne with the intention of “changing the political 5 system”. The driving force behind the think tank are not subversive elements of the Books: Research reveals a love story from political far left or far right, however, but the Swiss Federal Chancellery. This govern - difﬁcult times ment office is more or less the centre of political activities within the Federal Palace in Berne and is necessarily involved in the day-to-day functioning of our democracy. 6 Nevertheless, the general public response to the article suggested that people do not Images: Water in mountain landscapes consider it the job of the Federal Chancellery to reflect on the system. Why not? Isn’t it true that we have been hearing and reading everywhere that for 8 some time now the political system in Switzerland has not been functioning as “per - The Yeniche ﬁght for the right to be fectly” as it should and as it once did? In place of democratically necessary controls treated like normal citizens and critique, a toxic atmosphere of mistrust is spreading. The politicians don’t trust 12 one another, and the people have lost trust in politicians, public institutions and au - Preview of ballot proposals thorities, and the media. This is abundantly clear in the campaigns and debates pre - ceding public votes, in which the fears of citizens are manipu- 13 lated and which focus on polemics and sensationalist propaganda The Rütli and its symbolism instead of sound arguments. At the ballot box, statements and decisions are then made that can ultimately have fatal conse- 16 quences – for instance, when the vote contradicts other consti- Franz Weber, soon to be 90 years old, has tutional norms and international treaties. no intention of stopping Thinking critically about our system, about the causes of the 18 fears that are surfacing ever more frequently, about perceived Cornelius Gurlitt bequeaths his art and real threats, about the responsibility of the people as the sovereign and as the fi - collection to Berne nal legislative authority, and about how the losing side is treated in political disputes is not only not sacrilegious but is in fact an absolute necessity for Switzerland. 22 And now let us turn to the content and future of “Swiss Review”. This issue takes a Roger Federer: Casting light on the closer look at the Yeniche, their difficult history and the status of this minority in perfect star Switzerland today. The cultural section focuses on a major art collection which the Museum of Fine Arts Berne is set to inherit. This prospect is not a cause for celebra - 24 Literature series: Alice Ceresa tion as it once again raises the question of how we should treat art and objects of cul - tural value when their origins are not entirely clear. 25 And, finally, a word about the future. Beginning in October, “Swiss Review” will OSA news have a new layout. It will be more modern and reader-friendly. Naturally, we will con - tinue to feature articles of substance and provide information important to you as 28 Swiss abroad. The new concept will affect in particular the electronic versions for the Notes from parliament app and the Internet. A number of technical innovations will be implemented that will 30 make “Swiss Review” easier and more attractive to read as an e-paper. Echo

BARBARA ENGEL Cover image: Roger Federer playing against the Colombian Alejandro Falla in the ﬁnal of the ATP tournament in Halle on 15 June 2014

IMPRINT: “Swiss Review”, the magazine for the Swiss abroad, is in its 41st year of publication and is published in German, French, Italian, English and Spanish in 14 regional editions. It has a total circulation of 400,000, including 140,000 electronic copies. Regional news appears four times a year. The ordering parties are fully responsible for the content of advertise- ments and promotional inserts. This content does not necessarily represent the opinion of either the editorial ofﬁce or the publisher. ■ EDITORS: Barbara Engel (BE), Editor-in-Chief; Stéphane Herzog (SH); Marc Lettau (MUL); Jürg Müller (JM); Peter Zimmerli (PZ), responsible for “Notes from Parliament”, Relations with the Swiss Abroad, FDFA, 3003 Berne, Switzerland. Translation: CLS Communication AG ■ LAYOUT: Herzog Design, Zurich ■ POSTAL ADDRESS: Publisher, editorial ofﬁce, advertising: Organi sation of the Swiss Abroad, Alpenstrasse 26, 3006 Berne, Tel.: +41313566110, Fax: +41313566101, Postal account (Swiss National Giro): 30-6768-9. ■ EMAIL: [email protected] August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. ■ PRINT: Vogt-Schild Druck AG, 4552 Derendingen. ■ All Swiss abroad who are registered with a Swiss representation receive the magazine free of charge.

EVIEW Anyone else can subscribe to the magazine for an annual fee (Switzerland: CHF 30 / abroad: CHF 50). Subscribers are sent the magazine direct from Berne. R ■ INTERNET: www.revue.ch ■ Copy deadline for this edition: 18.6.2014 WISS

S ■ CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Please advise your local embassy or consulate. Do not write to the editorial ofﬁce in Berne. 4 MAILBAG

Ecopop and Swiss abroad drawing up admission re- passport to settle in Switzer- to Growth” report it pub- The comment on the Ecopop quirements. The text of the land at any time. Even if the lished in 1972 ? It wasn’t initiative in the editorial of initiative does not prevent a worst came to the worst, any drafted by extremists, but the June issue of “Swiss Re- distinction between Swiss na- halfway reasonable court everyone found it disturbing, view”, claiming that Swiss tionals and foreigners. As would intervene. The man- and so it got buried. If the abroad would no longer be Swiss citizens must in all agement of immigration is an Ecopop initiative is accepted, able to return to Switzerland events be permitted to return important part of a country›s Switzerland and the rest of if the maximum immigration to Switzerland, if the initia- sovereignty. To simply surren- the world will have wasted 42 limit were reached, cannot – tive were accepted the “immi- der this sovereignty in negoti- years. Or not? even allowing for a sceptical gration quota” for foreigners ations is testament to a cata- BRUNO STUDER, attitude towards the initiative would also therefore depend strophic policy. Immigration SANARY SUR MER, FRANCE – be allowed to pass in this ab- on the number of returning policy is a prerogative of the solute form. Swiss nationals Swiss nationals. state and should serve to pro- “It is always others who are are assured of a right to re- JEAN-MARC CREVOISIER, mote the public good. Coun- surplus” turn to their homeland at any HEAD OF INFORMATION, tries with a history of mass After the success of national- time under constitutional FEDERAL DEPARTMENT OF immigration have been aware ist movements in the EU elec- provisions, and these provi- FOREIGN AFFAIRS (FDFA) of this for some time and ap- tions, the politically correct sions are to remain unchanged ply immigration policy ac- polemic of “Swiss Review” in the future. In its state- Scaremongering cordingly. against the Ecopop initiative ments, the Federal Council The commentary on Ecopop MATT FREPP, TORONTO, CANADA is wide of the mark. Espe- stands by its undertaking to in the editorial is subjective cially as our Federal Council the effect that the constitu- scaremongering. No popular It will have been a waste of has no intention of imple- tional guarantees, such as initiative can overturn the 42 years menting the mass immigra- those of Art. 24 (2 B), are to fundamental constitutional Does anyone remember the tion initiative endorsed by the be taken into account in right of the holder of a Swiss Club of Rome and the “Limits people. This means that the

Homesick? Unlimited free calls home with Swisscom iO. 4 o. August 2014 / N EVIEW

R io.swisscom.ch WISS S BOOKS 5

pressure must be increased It is up to us to face up to this “THERE CAN BE NO FORGETTING; what transcends reason yet further. After around a reality, to come to terms with cannot be forgotten,” remarks one of the survivors in quarter of Europeans voted it and to prevent the worst by Urs Faes’ book “Sommer in Brandenburg” (Summer in against the EU’s present po- reacting appropriately as Brandenburg). The narrative, which is actually a work litical course, Switzerland can early as possible. of literary and historical research, begins in 1938. Ron happily leave the bilateral VITAL SCHERRER, and Lissy meet at the Hachschara centre in Ahrensdorf route with the Brussels vas- S. JORGE, PORTUGAL near Trebbin, one of the farms run by the “Reich’s Dep- sals of the USA: The Swiss utation of the Jews in Germany” along Zionist lines. government should again fi- Poor taste He is from Hamburg, she comes from Vienna. Both are nally start fighting for agree- Cover photo of Swiss Review from afﬂuent middle-class backgrounds. At the “emi- ments that are in the national 2: Symbolic, my eye. It is a pic- gration training facility” in Ahrensdorf, young Jews interest instead of taking a ture of submission and defeat! learn about arable farming, beekeeping, agricultural lead from the ineffectual Revolting, degrading and poor work and craftsmanship to prepare them for emigra- lobby-controlled behaviour of taste. What’s next? A symbolic tion to the promised land and a future as settlers in

the Commissions in Brussels. EU yodel? times foreboding in Love Palestine. DR. ING. (ETH) JEAN-PIERRE ARMIN KUNKLER, Love blossoms between Lissy and Ron. Urs Faes allows this VOIRET, CALW, GERMANY BONIFAY FL, USA love story to unfold as literary imagination. Stolen glances, surreptitious brushes, the desire and great hope of a future Realistic and farsighted Book tip together – and a day and night together just before they sep- decision-making Dear Swiss readers and read- arate. Some issues may still be a ers from elsewhere in the Faes involves us in his research. In the life of the young “matter of taste” or a matter of world – especially from people on the farm, an almost idyllic place despite the strict opinion. But (largely) unre- France and Germany: I am rules, hard work, doubts and fears, news of the gruesome stricted immigration and (re- sometimes upset when I read events of nationalistic racial fanaticism only initially ar- sulting) overpopulation, on the letters from the “Swiss rives through letters from parents and siblings. There are re- the other hand, are not merely Review” mailbag and, as an ports of exclusion, humiliation, expulsion and deportation. a question of quality of life; exceptionally helvetophile “We had no idea how bad it would become,” recalls Efraim they could even become a se- Hungarian, I will take the lib- Jochmann, known as Efri. Faes visits him during his research rious threat to basic survival. erty of recommending my lit- in Jerusalem. Efri, a 13-year-old orphan back then, was the As in all areas, common sense tle book “Helvetismen – youngest person at the Ahrensdorf farm. “Never in my entire applies in this case, too: if we Deutsches Kulturwörterbuch life have I felt so looked after as I did on that country es- do not remember this, not der Schweizerischen Eid- Urs Faes Sommer tate,” he recounts as an old man. only will our mental and, as a genossenschaft” [Helveti- in Brandenburg But the time comes when the Nazis will no result, also our physical well- cisms – German Cultural Dic- longer tolerate the farms. Lissy had obtained being be jeopardised, we will tionary of the Swiss her permit to emigrate with a group to Pales- also lose our room for ma- Confederation] so that you tine shortly beforehand. Ron and Efri are noeuvre to protect our basic really appreciate the great sent to the Neuendorf compulsory labour needs in times of crisis. This treasure that Switzerland has camp; Ron is carried off to a concentration is where the utopian faith in and represents. Then people camp in 1943. This is the last we hear of him. unending economic growth, will also understand the re- And all trace is lost of Lissy somewhere on Roman Suhrkamp increasing profits and mate- sults of referenda without in- the journey to Palestine or in Palestine itself. rial prosperity is in stark correctly interpreting them. “I’m completely enraptured by you. You will remain in my contrast to the reality of in- With great respect for the sov- heart for as long as I live,” writes Ron in a letter to Lissy. It is creasing environmental de- ereign Swiss citizen. his last letter – a love story without a happy ending. It was a struction and pollution, stress PROFESSOR LÁSZLÓ ÓDOR, mere coincidence that Urs Faes stumbled upon this story and the growing number of BUDAPEST, HUNGARY through photos at the Museum of the Jewish People in Tel Aviv illnesses caused by the former. and carried out his research. As an author, not only does he describe the love story as he envisages it from the information available, he also breaks up the chronology of the events us- Advertisement ing four sequences with notes from his research. This stylistic www.ilgauto.ch device may irritate initially, but the encounters with wit- 40 Modelle! nesses increasingly emerge as a second moving plotline. ab Fr. 550.-/MT. Inkl. 3000 Km BARBARA ENGEL August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. Neu: Mitsubishi Outlander 4x4, Automat EVIEW R URS FAES, “Sommer in Brandenburg”; Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin; 262

WISS Ilgauto ag, Frauenfeld, Tel. 0041 52 7203060 Photo: donated Photo: S pages; CHF 28.50, EUR 20; also available as an e-book. 6 IMAGES

Waterscapes Glaciers, waterfalls, rivers and lakes – next to rock forma- tions these are the deﬁning elements of mountain landscapes. Water forces its way from the summits to the val- ley, shaping the landscape over thousands of years. Water in the mountains sometimes seems threatening and wild and sometimes gentle and dreamy. Swiss photographer Ro- land Gerth and journalist Emil Zopﬁ have together produced a book full of wonderful images and inspiring pas- sages. It pays homage to the wildness and aesthetic quality of water in the Swiss mountains.

Roland Gerth, Emil Zopﬁ, “Faszination Berg- wasser – Die schönsten Wasserlandschaften der Schweiz”; AS Verlag, Zurich; 128 pages, 105 images; CHF 45, EUR 35.90. The Maggia near Ponte Brolla in the canton of Ticino

The Fälensee in the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden with the peak of the Altmann in the background The Gauli Glacier in the canton of Berne and in the background the Bärglistock bathed in the morning light August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. EW I EV R SS

SWI Lac de Derborence in the canton of Valais with the Tour Saint-Martin crag, also known as the Quille du Diable (Devil’s Skittle) 7

Göscheneralp in the canton of Uri with the peaks of the Damma mountains The Crestasee near Flims in the canton of Grisons in the background

The Gauli Glacier in the canton of Berne and in the background the Bärglistock bathed in the The tributary that ﬂows into the Märjelensee at the edge of the Great Aletsch Glacier in the canton of Valais morning light

The Aare Gorge between Meiringen and Innertkirchen in the canton of Berne 8 FOCUS

“We’re very much normal people – just people on wheels.” Young Yeniche people are insisting on the right to lead an itinerant life as travellers. Switzerland is struggling with this issue as it prompts debate about the treatment of minorities. By Marc Lettau

Travellers on the Kleine Allmend in Berne in April 2014

Everything is neat and tidy here. All the There was nothing great about Berne sev- and refrained from the use of violence. But caravans are clean and well equipped. No eral weeks ago. The travellers’ patience was when “gypsies” are numbered and led away rubbish is left lying around, and music is running thin as there is still no sign of the by uniformed officers, sinister episodes are played at a reasonable volume. Freshly residential and transitory sites that have inevitably called to mind and not just among washed clothes hang to dry in the sun, and been promised for years. Young Yeniche the Yeniche. “It was awful. It felt as though the dogs are well-behaved and kept on people vociferously called for these sites to they were warning us: ‘We’ve still got you leads. You might well think that this is a finally be provided because without them gypsies firmly under our control’,” says the typically well-maintained holiday camp- Switzerland’s nomadic minority would no traveller Albert Rossier, one of the protest site. longer be able to continue their way of life. organisers. “That day reminded us that dis- But you would be mistaken. It is not holi- On 22 April 2014, they finally occupied crimination against our people could resur- daymakers who are staying in the caravans parts of the Kleine Allmend site in Berne face at any time.” on Wölflistrasse in Berne. These are the parking around 80 caravans. Banners high- homes of Yeniche travellers who, like those lighted the issue: “lack of sites” – “help” – Fewer instead of more sites of us who live settled lives, get up early in “we have rights”. Rossier may be mistaken. It took just days the morning, go to work, do housework in The authorities finally sent in the police, for the cities of Berne and Biel to offer the the evening, remind their children to do and the situation turned ugly. The police en- Yeniche temporary sites. Both cities ex - their homework, watch television and enjoy circled the group, numbered the Yeniche pressed understanding for the Yeniche sense a beer. This is not a campsite but simply a with stickers and water-resistant marker of despair over the broken promises and said car park – without sanitary facilities but pens, writing directly on the skin, and led that they could not be blamed for that. The

August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. with water and power supply. The Yeniche them away, terrified small children among Federal Supreme Court had in fact decided have only just secured this site from the city them. back in 2003 that the cantons and com- REVIEW

SS of Berne and are full of praise for it: “It re- The police actually conducted themselves munes had to take account of the travelling

SWI AdrianPhoto: Moser ally is a great facility.” correctly in line with conventional practice community’s requirements and create more 9

A father with his children, as the police clear the site on the Kleine All- mend on 24 April 2014

sites. Yet the number of sites has since fallen sation, regarded the “break-up of the family mostly concerned their grandparents. rather than increased. There is a shortfall of unit”, “prevention of the formation of unde- They nevertheless do not want to portray around 60 sites in Switzerland. One reason sirable families” and the “internment of in- their generation as victims. They embrace for this, as Venanz Nobel from the Yeniche corrigible persons” as a good way of combat- their Yeniche roots, know their rights and association Schäft Qwant explains, is that ing “asocial tribes”. Siegfried, whose theories duties as citizens and are self-assured. This urban development is reducing the tradi- remained unchallenged for many years, al- is not something that can be taken for tional stop-over sites. ways considered the “gypsies” as “intellec- granted as the Yeniche culture almost died tually and morally inferior” and as “vagrants out in Switzerland after the years of per- Distance from the horror of the past with poor genetic make-up” with a “ten- secution. It took years for them to redis- The controversy brings to light a murky dency towards slovenliness and criminality”. cover and re-establish their own identity. chapter in recent Swiss history - the dis- He publicly proclaimed in 1964 that a signif- Apart from the Yeniche community, quix- crimination against travellers by the state icant proportion of the Yeniche had to be otic neo-romantics also played a role here. and society until well into the second half of “categorised as mentally deficient”. The per- These included the author Sergius the 20th century, the repercussions of which secution only ended in 1973. In 1986, Fed- Golowin (1930-2006),who believed “cos- are still being felt today. Particularly oppres- eral Councillor Alfons Egli apologised for mic knowledge” lay in Yeniche culture and sive are the consequences of the “support the federal government’s financial contribu- mediated between the travellers and poli- service for the children of the road” set up tion to the ill treatment. The federal govern- ticians. by the Pro Juventute foundation in 1926. ment set up the Future for the Swiss Trav- In the course of their journey of self-dis- With the assistance of state welfare author- elling Community foundation in 1995. covery, the Swiss travellers set up the Trav-

August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. ities, around 600 Yeniche children were re- ellers’ Society (Radgenossenschaft der moved from their families and placed under New courageous generation Landstrasse) in 1975 and increasingly de- REVIEW

SS the care of the “support service”. Alfred The young Yeniche are also familiar with fined themselves as an independent ethnic

SWI Keystone Photo: Siegfried, the figure behind the aid organi- the dark chapter in their history which minority. Venanz Nobel, who was barely 20 10 FOCUS

years old at the time, is amazed today at “showed us that good will alone is not served the Schäft Qwant association a dec- how powerful the Travellers’ Society has enough”, says Wigger. ade ago. Wigger explains that the FOC become. Still persecuted as “vagrants”, the plays a supportive role here and backs pro- founders come across as defiant and vision- Settled majority jects that document the Yeniche language. ary Yeniche: “A new generation has dis- The Federal Office constantly has to con- The financial contribution is nevertheless played Yeniche courage in Berne, a gener- firm that the number of residential and modest. ation that once again has lived on the road transitory sites is not increasing. Is the site since childhood.” issue really that significant when only a mi- “We are the 27th canton” nority of Yeniche are actually on the road? Essentially, the question is raised as to No imposition from above Wigger points out that the Yeniche who are whether a few sites would be enough to put At federal government level, since 1986 the settled or “have been forced to settle” still right the world of the Yeniche and to de- Federal Office of Culture (FOC) has been strongly define themselves as travellers. clare that the historical failings of majority responsible for the Yeniche minority, their The emphasis is therefore placed on the society are a thing of the past. Daniel Hu- recognition and the protection of their cul- lifestyle of the minority. ber, President of the Travellers’ Society, re- tural heritage. This is no easy task as the The Yeniche language is another iden- marks: “It would obviously help redress the older Yeniche believe much of the repres- tity-defining factor. Yeniche was never- situation if we were to obtain more sites.” sion experienced was brought about by the theless primarily a protective language He also outlines a much wider claim: “We state. Fiona Wigger from the Culture and and less a language fostered for its own are, in principle, the 27th canton of Swit- Society section at the FOC is aware of this sake on which the culture was based. Cer- zerland.” The itinerant Yeniche are also cit- issue: “It is therefore vital that no ‘cultural tainly not all Yeniche people speak the izens. They are all, without exception, reg- advancement’ is imposed on the Yeniche Yeniche language, just as not all of them istered with a communal authority, are from above. It is a question of supporting rottle (travel) around in Scharottel (cara- liable to pay taxes there and enrol their what the Yeniche themselves want,” she re- vans) in search of a Pläri (site). Not all of children at the local school – the modern marks. The emphasis is on the creation of them schränze (sell goods door to door), Yeniche do not wish to come across as un- new residential and transitory sites: “Sites let alone boil their Fludi (water) on the educated. are vital to ensuring the continuation of Funi (fire). The Zurich-based historian Thomas the itinerant way of life. The search for But ever greater importance is being at - Huonker, who has been carrying out re- sites is also the most difficult task of all.” tached to the language. The Yeniche them- search into the history of the Swiss Yen- Voters in the commune of Thal (St Gallen) selves increasingly highlight that the ap- iche for years, believes the desire of the rejected a stop-off travellers’ site in May. preciation and preservation of their Yeniche to be perceived as the 27th canton The conditions appeared favourable as the language is part of their recognition as a reflects the essence of all the problems. plot of land in question was provided by minority. “Whether majority society ac- The historian explains that a completely federal government as a site for travellers. cepts us as a people also depends on our “normal” level of recognition is far from be- The rejection of the proposal in Thal ability to master our own language,” ob - ing achieved as the Yeniche in Switzerland are unable to exercise any rights of self-de- termination. It is as though the support provided for the Yeniche is granted “as a YENICHE, TRAVELLERS, ROMA reward”: “If you are good, then you will get The Yeniche are an ethnic group in their own right with their own language something in return.” A minority’s right to and speciﬁc way of life and of making a living who primarily live in Swit- existence must be more than a gesture zerland, Germany, Austria and France. The Yeniche population stands at from the majority. around 35,000 in Switzerland. The establishment of modern states, begin- Huonker believes there is a lack of gen- ning in the 17th and 18th centuries, with rights of citizenship and domi- eral appreciation that the Yeniche “do not cile geared towards a settled population had a major impact on the Yeniche. possess the resources to which they are ac- It meant that a nomadic lifestyle became an issue. Like the term “gypsies”, tually entitled”. All Swiss Yeniche pay the term “travellers” was also subsequently used in a pejorative way: travel- taxes regularly. But the principle of “no ling came to represent an unsettled, slovenly way of life. This notion is in- taxation without representation” does not accurate in relation to the Yeniche in Switzerland. Most Yeniche in Switzer- apply to them. Huonker points out: “They land are settled, with an estimated 3,000 to 5,000 living a completely or pay taxes but are not represented within partially nomadic lifestyle. During the modern period of state formation, the state and therefore remain on the pe- the Roma, an ethnic group who migrated to Europe from the Indian subcon- riphery.” tinent in the 9th century, also came under pressure in Europe. From a Swiss perspective, the Roma are primarily seen as a people passing through from Voting on the destiny of other people

August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. south-eastern Europe and France and are often viewed in a negative light. Huonker is clearly aware that the creation There is little awareness of the fact that thousands of settled Roma live in of a 27th canton for a “non-territorial eth -

REVIEW Switzerland without being perceived as such. They have migrated to Swit-

SS nic group” is likely to remain a utopian idea.

SWI zerland from south-eastern Europe in particular. (mul) However, this does not release the state 11

from its obligation to strive for better needed for the often large groups of Roma months: “Far less prejudice now exists. We political integration of the Yeniche. Any passing through. feel much less like refugees in our own coun- marginalising decisions by the majority try.” If a Yeniche family turns up with their must at the very least be avoided. He Locals versus foreigners caravan today, “everyone now knows that too makes reference to the decision The emphasis on the national aspect is secur- we’re very much normal people. Just people reached in Thal: if the Swiss majority is al- ing the Yeniche growing support from con- on wheels”. Venanz Nobel is somewhat more lowed to vote on the right of existence servative-minded factions who were previ- restrained. It is mainly travelling Yeniche of a minority, which is also Swiss, at ously very critical of them. SVP National who are enjoying better recognition: “We communal level, then the “natural right Councillor Yvette Estermann has become will have achieved our goal when the Yen- to exist” is effectively denied to the something of a political advocate of the Swiss iche as an entire ethnic group – including Yeniche people. Huonker says: “Voting on travellers. She is calling for greater protec- both settled and travelling Yeniche – obtain the destiny of other people is extremely tion of the “domestic Yeniche” from the fed- recognition.” problematic from a constitutional perspec- eral authorities against the incoming Roma. Back to Wölflistrasse in Berne. What do tive.” Racism expert Georg Kreis believes the dis- people here think about the debate on Swit- tancing of the Swiss Yeniche from their “for- zerland’s treatment of the Yeniche minor - Longings of “ordinary people” eign brothers and sisters” is also a “cause for ity? A powerfully built, bearded man stand- Although the prejudices against the Yen- reflection”. It underlines once more “that mi- ing next to his caravan takes a deep draw on iche continue to have an effect, Huonker norities discriminated against – not least ow- his cigarette, looks vaguely towards the Alps has also observed a change in attitudes: ing to pressure from the majority and a com- and does not really address the question. He “Swiss people increasingly see the Yeniche pulsion to distance themselves – tend to pass has no use for intellectual rigmarole. He as essentially people who live and work here on the discrimination they have experienced feels the urge to leave. He suddenly decides: and who simply want to be recognised,” he themselves to others”. Perhaps it is in fact “Come on, Claudia, let’s get going!” The cou- says. Settled “ordinary people” do not feel much more banal than that and the Yeniche ple start to pack. He wants to leave immedi- particularly attached to their home turf, and Roma are getting in each other’s way be- ately. He does not want to become like the and the nomadic lifestyle is very much en cause it is becoming increasingly crowded on “stationary Yeniche” who have had “travel- vogue: An itinerant existence for work pur- their sites. Foreign Roma have only been al- ling driven out of them”. Where is he head- poses is seen as a modern way of making a lowed to enter Switzerland since the mid- ing? “Perhaps to Ticino or to Central Swit- living, and there are lots of amateur travel- 1970s. As previously mentioned, the number zerland – we’ll see.” lers who head off for a “transit site”, in other of sites has since fallen instead of increased. words a second home, in Tuscany, Provence or Berlin. No longer like refugees With their growing recognition as a Claude Gerzner, also from the Movement of Swiss minority, there is also an increasing Swiss Travellers, is very optimistic. He has need – even pressure – among the Yeniche seen a change for the better in recent MARC LETTAU is an editor with “Swiss Review” to distinguish themselves from foreign travellers. “We are confederates,” underlines Mike Ger- zner, the young President of the Movement of Swiss Travellers. He says this to distance himself from the foreign Roma who often pass through the countr y from France. Sites are therefore required for Swiss travellers who visit their customers as door-to- A photo of travellers in Switzerland August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. door salespeople taken in the 1930s and tradesmen, ex- – the children were

REVIEW frequently taken

SS plains Gerzner, and away from their

SWI Keystone Photo: separate sites are parents back then 12 POLITICS

Just one health insurance fund instead of 60 The outstanding but expensive Swiss healthcare system is a constant political issue. The Swiss people are set to have their say once again – the creation of a uniﬁed health insurance fund is on the referendum agenda for 28 September 2014. By Jürg Müller

Is someone trying to treat the “flu with Suter from St Gallen called it a “first step of healthy policyholders, known as “good chemotherapy” here, as CVP National towards a healthcare system fully financed risks”, resulting in higher premiums over- Councillor Ruth Humbel claims? Or is it a by the taxpayer”. Several speakers in Par- all, and more cost-effective because the matter of combating a cost-driving liament emphasised that the main reasons rising costs would be halted thanks to sav - “pseudo-competition” and ending actuar- for the rise in costs were greater life expec- ings on advertising and administration. ial chaos, which is how SP National Coun- tancy and medical advancements and not, Significant savings would also be made be- cillor Jacqueline Fehr sees the situation? as is often claimed, the administrative and cause the funds would be able to provide As usual, political adversaries are at odds advertising costs of the health insurance care for the chronically ill and expensive over the precise diagnosis and correct providers. patients more efficiently and they would treatment for the sick patient, the “health- have greater interest in prevention and a care system”. This is no different in the “Increasing bureaucracy” stronger negotiating position for the set- case of the latest product to be put in the This is precisely where supporters of the ting of rates and prices. political medicine chest, the unified health initiative disagree: “We have increasing The popular initiative has already proved insurance fund. bureaucracy,” says SP National Councillor fruitful in one respect at least. The Federal Whether this treatment will actually be Jacqueline Fehr. The problems are set to Assembly agreed a modification to the used will be decided on 28 September become greater and greater. There are now spread of risks between the individual 2014. This is when the Swiss people will 300,000 insurance products with which funds in spring in order to curb the pursuit vote on the initiative for a “public health the funds attempt to attract new policy- of good risks. insurance fund” supported by various user holders: “That’s chaos, and consumer organisations, the Social not competition.” With Democrats and the Greens. The initia - their marketing and ad- tive’s key demand is as follows: “Social vertising costs as well as health insurance is to be provided by a the annoying telephone HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY WANTS LOWER VAT RATE unified, national institution governed by advertising, the health in- The gastronomy sector feels discriminated against public law.” If the proposal is adopted, the surance funds have dem- – services in the hospitality industry are subject to 60 or so private health insurance funds onstrated that they care would have to withdraw from the manda- “more about their business a higher rate of VAT than take-away establish- tory basic insurance market. They would than the wellbeing of pa- ments. Customers eating in a restaurant have to only be allowed to provide supplementary tients”. Complaints about pay the standard 8% VAT compared to just 2.5% at insurance. the funds’ aggressive and irritating advertising a food stand. The popular initiative entitled “End “Dangerous treatment” campaigns are indeed be- to VAT discrimination in the hospitality industry”, Proponents of free competition believe coming increasingly fre- launched by GastroSuisse, will be put to the vote this is the wrong approach. This is despite quent. certain grievances that both service pro - It is claimed that the on 28 September 2014. It seeks to make restau- viders (hospitals and doctors) and patients system would become rants subject to the same tax rate as that applied have with health insurance funds. As Ruth simpler, fairer and more to simple food provision, which includes take- Humbel puts it: “A unified fund is worse cost-effective if the initi- than simply an illusory solution. It is a dan- ative were adopted. Sim- aways. It should be noted that the normal rate of gerous treatment with serious ramifica- pler because the current VAT in Switzerland is 8%, while the reduced rate tions.” Opponents in Parliament warned system has become “com- of 2.5% applies to everyday goods, such as food. of a monopoly system with no freedom of pletely unmanageable and choice or incentive to provide healthcare lacking in transparency”, There is also a special rate of 3.8% for accommoda- cost-effectively. A proven system is being as the initiative organis- tion services. The Federal Council and Parliament

August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. put in jeopardy for a high-risk experiment, ers state. Fairer because are opposed to the initiative, not least because and a unified fund would result in higher the health insurance

REVIEW the lower rate would result in a tax shortfall of up

SS costs and premiums, they said. The FDP funds currently invest

SWI Council of States member Karin Keller- heavily in the acquisition to 750 million Swiss francs. (JM) CULTURE 13

An idyllic meadow full of drama

The Rütli meadow has become a symbol of Swiss national legend, with myth playing a decisive role. The site continues to hold great appeal to the present day, although that harbours a risk of misuse and overexploitation. By Jürg Müller

tional memorial site which exudes calm owing to its very simplicity. Halfway between the landing stage and the meadow, visitors can stop off at the Rütlihaus restaurant and enjoy a small exhibition and the Three-Countries Foun- tain. It is a rather remote plot of land which is only easily reached from the lake, an unspoilt location in a dramatic setting. Having arrived at the meadow, visitors are no longer sure whether they are captivated by the wonderful scen- ery alone or whether prior knowledge of the genius loci permeates their visual experience.

Not an historical site This knowledge today also includes the recognition that there is little historicity surrounding the site. The historian Roger Sa- blonier writes that the elements of the founding myth, “the crimes of the rulers, conspiracy, Tell’s feat, the destruction of the castles and the popular uprising, were com- bined at the end of the 15th century to produce a picture story about the origins of the nation, but they have very little to absolutely nothing to do with actual events circa 1300. The founding myth was used in the post-1470 period as a liter- The Rütli by Lake Lucerne in the canton of Uri ary and legal justification for the confederation’s special existence It was a gathering under the cover of dark- have to be submitted today for such an as a state at this time, rather than as an his- ness when the three confederates met on emotive issue as an oath of confederate al- torically accurate account of historical the Rütli in 1291 to pledge an oath of alli- liance. This is according to the regulations events in the more distant past”. ance. Such a meeting would not be as on the use of the birthplace of Switzerland For historians the Rütli has long since straightforward today as authorisation issued on 9 January 2014 by the Swiss So- played an insignificant role as an historical would have to be obtained and the three ciety for Public Utility (SGG), which man- site, just as William Tell plays an unimpor- valiant figures could only have conducted ages the Rütli site. tant role. However, it still has a powerful

August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. their affairs during the daytime as over- Times have changed, but one thing has impact as a tale steeped in history. In the night stays on the famous meadow in the remained the same despite the new regula- new standard work “Geschichte der Sch- REVIEW

SS forest above Lake Uri are not permitted. tions — the Rütli is simply a meadow and weiz” (History of Switzerland) published

SWI Keystone Photo: And a “fully completed application” would not a pompous national shrine. It is a na - in 2014, Susanna Burghartz, professor of 14 CULTURE

The literary scholar European parliamentary speakers, listened Peter von Matt also to the celebratory address on the Rütli believes myths play a meadow. The Rütli spirit of 1991 has nev- fundamental political ertheless failed to help Switzerland reach role. In his 1 August the great European heights outlined by address on the Rütli Bremi. Let us turn our attention back to in 2009, he said that the past then. for many people “this Rütli is a piece of na- From Friedrich Schiller to Henri Guisan tional hokum. It is The Rütli — with the meadow above Lake dismissed as a symbol Uri being visited by around 100,000 peo- of historical blind- ple a year — has not just become a popular ness, a phantom and a national pilgrimage destination in recent collective delusion”. times. The original cantons in particular But we should be continually held events there during the careful as we have 17th and 18th centuries. However, there were fallen into the trap in three events in the 19th and 20th centuries recent years of only that were of major myth-building signifi - asking the question of cance: Friedrich Schiller’s play “William myth or reality? It is Tell” of 1804, the acquisition of the Rütli not quite that simple. meadow by the Swiss Society for Public The origins of all na- Utility (SGG) in 1859 and General Henri tions are condensed Guisan’s Rütli address in 1940. into exciting tales and The mythical founding event by Lake “these tales play a ma- Lucerne was actually canonised and exag- jor role. They are es- gerated in Schiller’s drama. Gioachino sentially political Rossini’s opera “William Tell”, which pre - The three confederates in the entrance hall of the Federal Palace codes of conduct”. In miered in Paris in 1829, also contributed to the case of William its Europe-wide popularisation. The en- history at the University of Basel, writes: Tell the message is: “Obedience in the state thusiasm was initially greater abroad than “Although this Tell never existed, he cer- has its limits. The servile spirit should never in Switzerland. However, the revolutionary tainly played an historical role as a figure gain the upper hand.” From the Rütli oath ideas did not escape the censorial authori- and, towards the end of the 15 th century, we might infer “that we in Switzerland do ties in Milan, Rome, London and St Peters- was already part of the set of ideas to which not need or want a chief”. In his address Pe- burg, and they found themselves obliged to an important integrative role was attrib- ter von Matt also touched upon the Seelis- tone down the content in a few contentious uted in the emergence of federal conscious- berg tunnel which runs beneath the Rütli places. ness and its legitimisation.” This “set of and is one of the major north-south links in The meadow’s purchase by the SGG in ideas” also included the Rütli. Europe: “The Rütli stands for the will of the 1859 triggered another Rütli boom. The confederation to belong and remain to- money was raised through a national col- The role of the myth gether. The tunnel represents the equally lection campaign. This prevented a tour- Historians recognise that legends and strong desire to reach out beyond national istic development project on the memorial myths can play a positive role. Ulrich Im borders and play a role in the interaction be- site. The campaign was organised very ef- Hof, a former professor of Swiss history at tween the European powers.” fectively. Swiss youngsters were involved the University of Berne, suggests that only The Rütli can also quite plainly be seen in the collection, and all school pupils re - positivistic thinking believes in “renounc- as the location of a European dawn even ceived a steel engraving featuring a ro - ing the myth and being able to dispense without the tunnel — at least that was still manticised picture of the Rütli as a token with an awareness of national identity”. true in 1991. Ulrich Bremi, the Free Dem- of gratitude. The SGG donated the land This approach is problematic, he says, be- ocrat President of the National Council, re- to the Swiss confederation as an “inalien- cause “this vacuum created could be filled marked during the Swiss confederation’s able national asset” which transferred it by other, more uncontrollable notions of 700-year anniversary celebrations back to the SGG’s Rütli Commission to man - identity”. The “components of national then: “The Rütli must now also become a age it, and this remains the situation to identity and their myths — provided they platform for a modern European Switzer- this day. embody real values and are always analysed land. If we are serious about what the Rütli The Rütli became a place steeped in sym-

August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. critically — remain essential to the exist- signifies, then we will today embrace the bolism and history thanks to Henri Guisan. ence of a political society”, writes Im Hof challenge of becoming a Switzerland with The general assembled all senior officers REVIEW

SS in his book entitled “Mythos Schweiz” an open and a European outlook.” Some from the rank of major upwards for the

SWI Parlamentsdienste Bern Photo: (The Myth of Switzerland) in 1991. 5,000 invited guests, including all the Rütli address on 25 July 1940. He outlined 15

the reasons for the National Redoubt and vowed that the people and army would categorically resist Nazi Germany. The event occupies a special place in the Swiss collective consciousness. “In this historic event the mutually inspiring and supportive effect can be seen which emanates from the mythical quality of the location to the events held there and — conversely — from the use of the site to the site used,” as Georg Kreis, an historian from Basel, writes in his book “Schweizer Erinnerung- sorte” (Swiss Memorial Sites).

Dual depiction of the Rütli at the Federal Palace Interestingly, the Rütli as a symbol of the old confederation was also incorporated Mural by Charles Giron in the National Council chamber featuring Lake Lucerne, the Rütli into the symbolism of the new federal meadow and the Mythen mountains in the background. A naked female ﬁgure ﬂoats in the clouds holding a golden olive branch – the symbol of peace – in her hand. state of 1848. The Rütli myth is immor - talised twice at the Federal Palace in Berne — extremely prominently in the en- Micheline Calmy-Rey (SP), President of parties can be held but the “Rütli must not trance hall where the three powerful, 24- the National Council Christine Egerszegy be used for specific political objectives or ton confederates stand pledging an oath, (FDP) and SGG President Judith Stamm commercial goals”. This is the wording in and very subtly in the National Council (CVP) held a large joint 1 August celebra - the new regulations on usage. Events which chamber where the Rütli is captured in tion there. “address political issues that will be voted Charles Giron’s monumental painting on in the next three months” and which “Wiege der Eidgenossenschaft” (Cradle of Protection against misuse promote specific persons or groups six the Confederation). A further indication of the vitality of the months before elections, for example, are The Rütli still occupies a prominent Rütli is the intensive media coverage given banned. place in the imagination of many Swiss peo- to all major events. The SVP executive ad- The Rütli is also to be protected against ple. It was originally patriotic and nation- dress in 2011, which included an appearance political extremism as neo-Nazis con- alistic factions who recognised the sym- by SVP Federal Councillor Ueli Maurer, stantly attempt to draw attention to them- bolic value of the site at the heart of early received great attention. This event should selves there. It must not be used for objec- Switzerland. A subliminal battle for inter- not actually have been allowed to take tives which “bring into question the pretational sovereignty over the Rütli con- place as political events are never held on fundamental values of the Swiss confeder- tinually flares up today in which all social the site. Shortly afterwards, CVP Federal ation”, whereby tolerance towards people and political movements are involved. It is Councillor Doris Leuthard was therefore who hold different views is specifically used by many groups as a surface onto not permitted to speak on the Rütli mentioned. Activities “directed against which a wide range of issues are projected meadow at an event organised by the CVP certain persons or groups in Switzerland” — for or against a Swiss policy of openness cantonal parties. and which “polarise public opinion and do towards Europe, for peace and justice, for CVP National Councillor Ida Glanz- not accept social and cultural diversity” are a strong army, against the left, against the mann subsequently submitted a postulate therefore prohibited. right, and for democracy, etc. to the Federal Council requesting that the These guidelines make one thing clear – While only simple federal celebrations parties be given free access to the Rütli. national memorials can be places of reflec- tended to take place on the Rütli in the The Swiss Society for Public Utility tion. However, they always carry the risk past, in recent times Federal Councillors (SGG), as the body responsible for manag- of being misused for negative purposes ow- have also used the sacred site for public ing the Rütli, was therefore obliged to un - ing to their great symbolic significance. appearances. Addresses by Federal Coun- dertake a fundamental review of its usage. The Rütli shares this fate with similar sites cillors were totally disrupted by neo-Na- According to SGG Director Lukas Nied- throughout the world. zis on two occasions, in 2000 and 2005. In erberger, no clear regulations concerning 2007, Alliance F, the federation of Swiss the political parties previously existed. women’s organisations, launched a new ap- The SGG now sought to prohibit all party

August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. proach to “wrest the Rütli from the con - events in light of the controversy. Follow- servative, male-dominated world and na- ing an intervention by the Federal Chan- REVIEW

SS tionalistic forces”, writes Georg Kreis. cellery, the ban was not worded quite so

SWI Parlamentsdienste Bern Photo: President of the Swiss Confederation stringently: Anniversary celebrations of JÜRG MÜLLER is an editor with “Swiss Review” 16 PORTRAIT

Franz Weber and the dream of an untouched Switzerland In his villa in Clarens on the shores of Lake Geneva, Franz Weber – a major public ﬁgure who is rather atypical of Switzerland – reﬂects on a life devoted to the “beauty and wellbeing of nature, humankind and animals”. By Stéphane Herzog

ing the Swiss to restrict the building of second homes in their valleys in 2012? Only time will tell.

“An autocrat but in the best possible sense” Travelling to interview Franz Weber in his beautiful home in Clarens, nestled a stone’s throw from Lake Geneva, was like going to meet a legendary hero. “Mr We - ber, are you a hero?” we asked this 87-year- old gentleman who received us in a small, quiet dining room with walls decorated with prints. “I don’t think of myself in those terms. We can all be heroes in any given moment,” remarked the founder of Helvetia Nostra with a rather distant smile. His last battle – a third referendum to prohibit development on the Lavaux hillsides - ended in defeat. The approval by the people of a counterproposal miti- gated this setback, “but while the bill is a compromise it remains dangerous because it gives the impression of affording good protection”, observed Judith Weber. Slen- der, charming and choosing her words with great care, she describes her husband as an obstinate lone wolf. “He acts like an autocrat but in the best possible sense,” she smiles. “It is not Franz’s way to surround himself with a big team. He indicates what has to be done and people either follow Franz Weber in his home in Clarens him or they don’t.” She has not always agreed with him but ultimately she is a Franz Weber has been part of the Swiss land that has always inspired the illustri- great supporter of her husband’s work, landscape for half a century. Baby seals and ous native of Basel and that the Swiss take which has engulfed her own life and that the artificial version in the form of minia- delight in finding “untouched”. In Valais, of her daughter Vera, who has now taken ture cuddly toys (an idea conceived by Ju- Weber’s shadow is cast over the villages, up the baton. dith Weber, Franz’s wife) are part of the and the townspeople who wander this Franz Weber, like Winkelried and Wil- childhood memories of generation X. They countryside are full of empathy and admi- liam Tell, but also perhaps like Christoph and their parents remember TV images of ration for this man who was sprayed with Blocher, whom he respects, is fearless Brigitte Bardot hugging a baby seal on the liquid manure in Val d’Anniviers whilst and uninterested in the middle way. “He ice pack. The year was 1977. campaigning to protect the area from de - has often been called upon for help by peo- At the Hôtel Giessbach, on the steep velopers. “I prefer manure to concrete,” he ple in fear,” explained his wife. “But they banks of Lake Brienz, there is gratitude quipped after the event. The residents of are transformed after he has spoken to

August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. towards Franz Weber for rescuing the ho - Val d’Anniviers later thanked him for his them. It’s as though they are filled with tel complex. The crystalline lake, the belle efforts, as René Langel recounted in a bi - courage and are able to walk on water.” REVIEW

SS époque boats and the small train climbing ography published in 2004*. Will the peo - Judith recalls two major battles – the pro-

SWI AdrianPhoto: Moser up to the hotel encapsulate the Switzer - ple of Valais also thank him for persuad - tection of the site of Delphi against an in- 17

dustrialisation project and the campaign handful of people.’ And it’s the majority Beauty is self-imposing. Does he eat meat? to save the Hainburg alluvial woodlands who decides.” “Only when I’m invited to dinner but never on the Danube in Austria (both in the at home.” 1980s). Emotion and intelligence Invited to the World Economic Forum in Above the din of the world Always voicing objection 1981, Franz Weber outlined his beliefs to an In the large house in Clarens, purchased In Surlej, Sempach, Lavaux, Crans Mon- audience of incredulous decision-makers. thanks to his earnings as a journalist in Paris, tana, Ouchy, Simmental, Jura, Ardèche and He talks (mainly) about waste management principally as a society reporter, time seems Provence, as well as in Australia and in and built-in obsolescence, touches upon op- to stand still. But Franz Weber declares him- Togo, Franz Weber has constantly voiced erational savings (proposing shared vehi- self ready to continue the battle and to objection. He has said no to unreasonable cles), vehemently criticises “agro-chemistry” “fight until his last breath”. He is happy to and ugly real estate developments, no to and defends the “polluter pays” principle. show visitors his library but the entire house motorways left, right and centre, no to in- He focuses on the long-term value of the is full of books, points out Judith. His col- dustrial projects on unique sites, no to the countryside, tackling the issue of the well- lection includes works by Gottfried Keller, slaughter of animals, no to seaplanes and- being of people in their environment, which Sartre, Goethe and Nietzsche, who re- vivisection. He even said no to arbitrary is the definition of sustainable development. flected on a rock perched above the village procedures when he took up the defence of He also thinks along Malthusian lines as he of Surlej in Grisons. Franz Weber also shows an Afro-American – us copies of the Voix des Carzell Moore – sen- poètes, a periodical he ed- tenced to death in the ited with the Parisian Si- US after an apparently mone Chevallier, his part- botched trial. ner at the time. Picasso, In the cosmogony of Salvador Dali, Somerset Franz Weber, the bad Maugham, Jean Cocteau, guys and the motives Françoise Sagan, Georges that drive them are pa- Simenon, Georges Pom- tently clear. “It is per- pidou, Brigitte Bardot, sonal gain which warps Mélina Mercouri, Grace the conscience and leads Kelly, Yves Montand and to the destruction of Jacques Brel, etc. – the what is beautiful,” he de- man is acquainted with clares. The establish- many famous people. ment and developers are “But as time goes on, you in cahoots and are per- begin to feel above the din verted by money. The In order to rescue the Hotel Giessbach, which dates back to the Belle Époque period, of the world,” he reflects politicians make deci- Franz Weber set up the “Giessbach for the Swiss People” foundation in 1983 with a coy smile, calling sions over the heads of his wife for assistance the people and they have to be stopped. believes the main cause of humankind’s with dates, facts and scraps of information. Public opinion will judge over the unscru- problems is overpopulation. Does he lean to- Despite his age, Franz Weber has retained pulous cliques and underhand dealings. wards the initiatives aiming to restrict the the art of symbolism. He demonstrated this Where does all this anger come from? influx of foreigners to Switzerland? One last spring in Berne where, having been in- From the preaching of his father, who was might suppose so. vited to give an address to public officials a church minister? Or from his mother who He draws his strength from a combination from the Federal Office for the Environment, died tragically when he was ten? Franz We- of emotion and intelligence. He is outraged he lit a torch and put it in the hands of the ber is not very forthcoming on this subject by what he sees and, having been a journal- flabbergasted Director, Bruno Oberle. Re- and will not be pinned down. For him, a ist, he understands the role of the media per- bekka Reichlin, who witnessed the event, ad- love of beauty and harmony (between fectly. “I am completely honest and impar- mits that she was moved by the presence and buildings and nature) and the passion for tial and I rely on gut instinct,” he reveals. He the performance of the old campaigner. The protecting these assets are simply innate considers nature, especially Switzerland’s, communications officer said: “Many things traits. “Genuine wellbeing is a beautiful to be sacred. Engadine in the 1960s? Para- would have been impossible to achieve in landscape and happy people and animals,” dise on earth. “Switzerland has an abun - Switzerland without Franz Weber, particu- concludes this pioneering ecologist. He de- dance of outstanding places,” reiterates larly with regard to the protection of the nies being drawn to any political dogma. “I Franz Weber who is enthralled by their landscape.”

August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. enlighten public opinion about what is at beauty. At what point does a landscape meet * RENÉ LANGEL, “Franz Weber – L’homme aux victoires de risk of being lost. I tell people: ‘Look, this such criteria? What yardstick is used to l’impossible “ ; Favre, 2004. REVIEW

SS landscape is a thousand times more impor- measure beauty? Franz Weber does not an- STÉPHANE HERZOG is an editor with the “Swiss

SWI donated Photo: tant than the benefit to be gained by a swer these questions in a theoretical way. Review” 18 CULTURE

An inheritance and many questions A German art dealer has bequeathed a large collection of art to the Museum of Fine Arts Berne. But the gift has not been welcomed by all. The Gurlitt collection raises questions about the approach Swiss museums should adopt towards stolen cultural assets. By Silvia Süess

The donation came as a complete surprise to establish the origins of the works of art. amines the exhibit and maintains close re- to the Museum of Fine Arts Berne. The Gurlitt died six months later. lations with expert colleagues all over the German art collector Cornelius Gurlitt, world. who passed away in May, bequeathed his Origins need to be established “The major challenge is adopting the cor- entire collection to Berne without ever Why Gurlitt bequeathed his collection to rect approach towards such collectibles. All having been in contact with the museum. the Museum of Fine Arts Berne of all political, ethical, legal and historical issues His collection includes works by Pablo Pi- places remains unclear. What is certain, have to be explored,” remarks Tisa Fran- casso, Marc Chagall and Max Beckmann. however, is that the Museum of Fine Arts cini. It is absolutely essential that the works It remains uncertain whether the Bernese now faces a major challenge and many un- are checked systematically and that fair museum will accept the inheritance. It has resolved questions. If it accepts the collec- and equitable solutions are sought for un- six months to decide. The precious gift tion, it will no longer be the “Schwabing lawfully obtained property. This is also raises various issues. Gurlitt’s father Art Trove” taskforce that is responsible for stipulated in the Washington Agreement Hildebrand was a highly regarded art carrying out the provenance research – the of 1998 under which 44 countries – includ-

dealer during the Third Reich. Several investigation into the origins of the works ing Switzerland – undertake to identify sto- hundred of the 1,500 or so works are sus - – but the Bernese museum. The origin of len art and actively carry out provenance pected of being stolen art, in other words each individual piece of work would have research. paintings stolen by the Nazis from Jewish to be ascertained. Once the origin has been In the Berne case, particular transparency individuals. In addition to stolen art, the determined, then the problems will begin and communication are most definitely re- Gurlitt collection also contains works of in earnest. Who will assert a claim to the quired, according to Tisa Francini: “How- so-called “degenerate art” which the Na- items and be entitled to them? Under what ever, all in all, this represents an opportu- zis removed from state museums and circumstances will they have to be re - nity for Switzerland to indirectly gain an sometimes sold to procure foreign curren- turned? in-depth insight into the history of the in- cies. Can the museum accept this inheritance ternational art trade via the origins of the The German authorities discovered Cor- at all in light of this situation? “It can,” says Gurlitt works.” nelius Gurlitt’s collection in 2011 during a Esther Tisa Francini. She has been work- Provenance research is still very much house search at the elderly man’s Munich ing as a provenance researcher at the Riet- in its infancy in Switzerland. For a long home. German customs officials had be- berg Museum in Zurich since 2008. This time neither the museums nor the public come aware of Gurlitt a year earlier during museum collects art from Asia, Africa, the were interested in how works arrived at a check carried out on a train travelling be- Americas and Oceania. It is one of the few museums and other institutions. An initial tween Zurich and Munich. He was carry- Swiss museums to have created a position milestone in the public reappraisal was the

August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. ing 9,000 euros in cash. News of the in - for conducting research into the history of Bergier report entitled “Flight Assets – credible discovery reached the public in museum exhibits. To discover an item’s bi- Looted Assets – the Transfer of Cultural REVIEW

SS 2013. The “Schwabing Art Trove” taskforce ographical details, Tisa Francini carries Assets to and through Switzerland from

SWI Photos: Prosecutor Augsburg was set up at almost exactly the same time out research in archives and libraries, ex- 1933 to 1945 and the Problem of Restitu - 19

tion”, which was published in 2001. Esther Tisa Francini from the Rietberg Museum our museum only visited the countries con- Tisa Francini was a co-author of this study. also points out that her research to date has quered and collected cultural assets there “The Bergier Commission helped to come primarily focused on the route of the works after colonisation.” to terms with the past in various respects, of art in Europe and only occasionally on but this was not provenance research in the the countries of origin. Such investigations The Sarasins’ “love of the tropics” sense of a systematic assessment of mu - would nevertheless be required to address The science and colonial historian Bern- seum collections,” she says. “It was basic the issue of who is entitled to a museum ex- hard C. Schär, who conducts research at theoretical research.” hibit of contentious origin. the Federal Institute of Technology Zurich as chair of History of the Modern World, Who will pay for the research? Row over Bolivian statue disagrees with Schmid. “Switzerland abso- There are unresolved issues in the Gurlitt The Historical Museum in Berne is also lutely does have a colonial past, and explor- case. If the museum accepts the inherit- currently contending with this issue. A row ers were actively involved in it.” The Basel ance, who will bear the cost of the manda- has erupted over a small antique statue cousins Paul and Fritz Sarasin, for example, tory establishment of the origin of the with religious significance. The Ekeko fell who undertook numerous expeditions in works? The Museum of Fine Arts Berne into the possession of Johann Jakob von Ts- the Pacific region around the year 1900 and does not possess the financial resources re- chudi in 1858 after he persuaded the indig- were founders of the Museum of Cultures quired, and the city of Berne, canton of enous owners in Bolivia to sell him the in Basel, explored the Indonesian island of Berne and federal government have already statue following the consumption of a con- Sulawesi before it was conquered by the declared that they would not pay for the siderable amount of alcohol. The Bolivian Dutch. Their explorations were supported provenance research. The question is also government is now demanding the restitu- by the Dutch. Several years later the Dutch raised as to whether Switzerland, which tion of the Ekeko, and the Historical Mu- colonial army benefitted from the knowl- was spared by the Second World War and seum must examine its origins. Was the edge that the Sarasins had obtained on

Portrait of art collector Cornelius Gurlitt and works from his collection (from left to right) “Monk” by Christoph Voll “Sitting Woman” by Henri Matisse “Veiled Woman” by Otto Griebel “Self-Portrait” by Otto Dix “Tram” by Bernhard Kretzschmar

benefitted from dealings with Nazi Ger - Ekeko actually stolen? And if so, who their journeys when the army conquered many, should profit from an art collection should the statue be returned to if the His- the island militarily. of dubious origin? Indeed, doesn’t the col- torical Museum actually decides to give it Schär, whose dissertation “Tropenliebe” lection actually belong to Germany? back? Should it be handed over to the eth- (Love of the Tropics) about Paul and Fritz Switzerland has come to terms to some nic group that worshipped it or to the state Sarasin will be published next year, there- extent with the past with regard to its role as its legal successor? fore concludes: “Ethnological and natural as an art dealing centre and conduit for Anna Schmid, Director of the Museum history museums have a cultural mandate, cultural assets during the Nazi period. of Cultures in Basel, is also familiar with and that includes coming to terms with However, another chapter in the theft of such issues. She would be delighted if the dark chapters of history. A large propor- cultural assets has hardly been addressed museum could afford provenance research: tion of their collections comes from the co- – Switzerland’s role during the colonial pe- “We actually know where almost all our ex- lonial period, and colonial violence is a sig- riod. Millions of works were brought to hibits have come from and, in most cases, nificant part of their history. As is the case Europe from the colonies, including many who contributed them. We indicate this in abroad, there is growing academic and so- to Switzerland. Like the stolen art under the exhibitions as far as possible. But what cial interest in Switzerland in finding out the Nazi regime, these items are also asso- we often do not know is the exact route that more about this colonial legacy.” ciated with stories of theft, violence and the items have taken.” oppression at the expense of a state, soci- However, strictly speaking, the Museum

August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. ety or individual. But these stories are lit- of Cultures in Basel has no stolen assets or tle known, as extensive research is often art. “Switzerland was never a colonial REVIEW

SS not conducted at Switzerland’s ethnologi- power,” remarks Schmid. “The Swiss ex- SILVIA SÜESS is the culture editor of the

SWI ProsecutorPhotos: Augsburg cal museums. plorers whose collections are on display at “Wochenzeitung” in Zurich 20 CULTURE

“Are the Romands Swiss?” In response to the clear rejection of the mass immigration initiative in French-speaking Switzerland, doubt was cast over the patriotism of the French-speaking Swiss – such misgivings were publicly ex- pressed, for example, by Christoph Blocher, the central ﬁgure in the Swiss People’s Party (SVP). The “Maison du Dessin de Presse” (House of Press Caricatures) in Morges is currently holding an exhibition to present press cartoonists’ view of the referendum outcome. By Andrea Kucera

Switzerland put itself in a difficult position on 9 February 2014, and many people would say it has actually marginalised itself. The approval of the initiative against mass immigration is seen as a turning point in relations between Switzerland and the EU. The referendum is also having an impact on cohesion between the various parts of the country. The Romands in French- Christoph Blocher as a school pupil: He sl eeps while the History teacher explains that speaking Switzerland were outvoted by a majority of German-speaking Swiss Switzerland lies at the heart of Europe (52% in favour) and Italian speakers in Ticino (68% in favour). In French- speaking Switzerland, around 58% of voters opposed the initiative. The phe- nomenon of the Röstigraben (a notional dividing line between the French and German-speaking parts of Switzerland) is once again on everyone’s mind. The fact that Christoph Blocher announced shortly after the referendum, in an interview with the “Basler Zeitung”, that the French-speaking Swiss had always had a less well-defined sense of Swiss identity, which explained why the majority opposed the proposal, has added fuel to the fire.

The Röstigraben as a halfpipe The “Maison du Dessin de Presse” in Morges explores the issue of whether the French-speaking Swiss are actually less patriotic in an exhibition that focuses on the ramifications of the adoption of the SVP initiative. The event is provocatively entitled: “Les Romands sont-ils suisses?” – “The Romands, are they Swiss?” Just short of 30 Swiss caricaturists and cartoonists who accepted the museum’s invitation and submitted work on the topic provide a wide range of answers to this question. Many illustrators avoid giving a clear answer and instead play with the question posed by parodying it. Orlando – one of the few German-speaking Swiss caricaturists on display – portrays Blocher as a ram kicking sheep that are not pa- “Awful weather, I might as well go back to sleep triotic enough – in other words, the French-speaking Swiss – off the Swiss flag. again,” says the French-speaking Swiss when the SVP sun shines Chappatte, probably the best-known French-speaking press cartoonist, comes up with the image of a border post between German and French-speaking Switzer- land. “Vraie Suisse” (Real Switzerland) appears on a sign above the barrier that divides French-speaking Switzerland from the German-speaking part. The motif of division is one of the exhibition’s recurring themes. It crops up in many forms and variations – as a river, as a trench (Röstigraben), as mountains, as a canyon and even as an earthquake zone and as a halfpipe through which Blocher surfs on a skateboard. The exhibition clearly reveals that all the illustrators hold a negative view of the initiative and its organisers. In providing such an overview the exhibition also deserves credit for acknowledging contemporary creative work in an art form which is very popular in French-speaking Switzerland. Many drawings also suggest a power play between the various parts of the country – whether this is imaginary or real remains an open question. German-speaking Swiss are always depicted as being a head taller than their French-speaking compatriots.

August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. EXHIBITION: LES ROMANDS SONT-ILS SUISSES? Until 19 August at the “Maison du Dessin de Presse” in Morges. REVIEW SS llustrations: donated SWI I ANDREA KUCERA is an editor with the “Neue Zürcher Zeitung” The SVP is making it a bit cramped for the French-speaking Swiss 21

Christoph Blocher as a school pupil: He sl eeps while the History teacher explains that French-speaking Swiss have to present their papers at the border when entering Switzerland lies at the heart of Europe German-speaking Switzerland or, as it’s called, the “Real Switzerland”

“A foreigner” proclaims the border ofﬁcial, “and an intellectual The psychiatrist says that French-speaking Swiss are more frequently to boot,” says Christoph Blocher. Erasmus is thus expelled depressed than German-speaking Swiss. “The German-speaking Swiss from Switzerland make me feel depressed,” the patient explains to him

The Great Wall of Rösti, the symbol of our national unity Tennis with Wawrinka. “What a tireless battler” “He would be a worthy choice for German-speaking Swiss of the year” 22 SPORT

People can’t get enough – he’s just so perfect Switzerland has the Matterhorn, Toblerone, Swatch and Rolex. It also has William Tell, Henri Dunant, Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Alberto Giacometti, Christoph Blocher and Sepp Blatter – and a few other names that the Swiss either love or loathe. And there is one ﬁgure who towers above all the others – Roger Federer. By Guido Tognoni

There is not even the slightest tarnish to his image on or off court. Roger Federer is impeccable and untoucha- ble. He does not grunt or groan when serving and does not have a tattoo on his arms or highlights in his hair. He is one of the few players to use the one- handed backhand and does so seem- ingly effortlessly. He glides across the court from one corner to the other and from the baseline to the net with great elegance and incredible levels of fit- ness. He communicates fluently in three languages and endeavours to ensure that there is always substance not just to his tennis but also to his inter- views. He is very much himself and gives little sign of strain or frustration, even during the defeats which have oc- curred with increasing frequency in re- Roger Federer at Wimbledon in 2013 cent times. Even the sportswear produced for Roger name like Federer has not been raised since rapidly growing family – few Swiss have Federer by his main sponsor Nike is finer the outset of their collaboration. Anyone twins twice – decide to optimise their tax than that of the other players under contract. who wants Federer as an advertising part- situation by living in Freienbach or in Wol- An individual logo was created for him – if ner has to make a big impression. Jura did lerau, to where they recently moved. Eve- other players also have them, nobody is so, and its efforts clearly paid off. The ad- ryone knows about his foundation, which aware of it. As far as sponsors are concerned, vertising messages featuring the tennis star mainly works for the benefit of African Roger Federer is one of the few sports stars increase the brand’s prestige. Jura now be- children, and this generates no end of to be honoured with a contract from Rolex. longs to a different market segment. On goodwill towards him. No Swiss person The luxury watch brand represents the high Roger Federer’s website, Jura appears be- has ever been a better representative of our end of advertising. Only a few carefully se- tween Credit Suisse and Mercedes because nation than Federer. Television spreads lected greats from the world of culture and his advertising partners are not listed ac- awareness of Federer and Switzerland to several athletes have had this distinction be- cording to their weight and importance but every corner of the planet. What does all stowed upon them. Rolex sponsorship is rather in alphabetical order. This avoids the work undertaken by Presence Switzer- communication at the highest level with mu- unnecessary discussions. Federer’s website land, the federal government’s communi- tual benefit. is also typical of the image of the 33-year- cations agency, amount to compared with old from the canton of Baselland – neat and Federer’s presence? What is the impact of Everyone is treated equally well-structured, clear, subtly refined and a fondue in New York’s Times Square or a When selecting sponsors, Roger Federer elegant – like Federer’s style of tennis, one VIP lounge at football’s World Cup in re- displays his typically well-balanced ap- might say. lation to a Wimbledon title? proach. Of the ten equipment suppliers and Nobody minds that Roger Federer, sponsors – leaving aside the international thanks to sponsorship payments, enjoys a An outpouring of affection brands of Rolex and Credit Suisse – three questionable level of income, like other thanks to the twins come from Switzerland: Lindt, insurance high earners. In contrast to some manag- All the Swiss love Roger Federer today, but

August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. company Nationale Suisse and household ers, the tennis star’s earnings are essen- that was not always the case. It took a while appliance manufacturer Jura. The question tially dependent on his performance. No- to win over their affections. Federer en- REVIEW

SS as to whether a company that makes irons body objects if Federer, his wife Mirka, joyed an incredible string of successes, go-

SWI Keystone Photo: is too mundane a partner for an illustrious who also has a tennis background, and his ing from one victory to the next with ap- 23

parent ease and in complete contrast to his Federer and Nadal have now been joined by and technique mean that he shows fewer great rival, the hard-working Rafael Nadal. a third contender who is at least on a par signs of wear and tear than others of the So much success is initially viewed with a with them, and a new generation of emerg- same age. degree of scepticism in Switzerland where ing players are no longer in awe of the big everyone is brought down a peg before they names. Early exits for Federer are no longer Problems at the Davis Cup get too carried away. The fact that he was a shock but instead a possibility in any tour- Roger Federer has not yet won everything named “world sportsman of the year” four nament. The chances of climbing back to despite his unique record of achievements. He has yet to triumph in the Davis Cup. He has always had a complicated relationship with this competition. The team tournament, which is popu - lar with fans, has often not fitted into his annual schedule and if there has occasionally been discord between the Swiss Tennis federation and its best player, it has been over the Davis Cup. Sometimes he did not wish to take part, while on other occasions he did and failed to perform well. Today, the two Swiss, Roger Federer and the upcoming Stanislas Wawrinka, are so well placed in the world rankings that the duo can be seen as favourites in the Davis Cup. Twenty-two years after the defeat of Jakob Hlasek and Marc Rosset in the final against the USA, the chances of victory have never been as good. Stanislas Waw- Mirka and Roger Federer with their twin daughters Myla and Charlene in December 2009 rinka has always loved the Davis Cup, and it seems that Federer has also be- times was OK but was not greeted with any the top of the rankings, where Federer come fond of the competition as he has mel- great euphoria. Switzerland does not need spent 302 weeks, longer than anyone else, lowed with age. The semi-final against It - heroes. The nation of skiers, riflemen and for a third time seem remote. The hope of aly will take place in Geneva between 12 wrestlers does not warm all that quickly to a victory in a grand slam tournament is and 14 September before the winner meets a superstar of a global sport where tough- slimmer now than it has been for years. But France or the Czech Republic. Switzer- ness is not in evidence. there is still a chance. It is as slender or as land’s first Davis Cup win may be the last Roger Federer nevertheless succeeded. great as it could be for a 33-year-old father- major title of a wonderful career for His epic duels with Rafael Nadal, the loss of of-four who is in the twilight of his career. Federer. top spot as number 1 in the world rankings, Federer – like Nadal – has lost the aura of His last major success but hopefully not the increasing number of defeats and the invincibility and is no longer able to domi - the end. Federer could actually retire then magnificent re-emergence as number 1 – all nate tournaments at will. But if everything but should not. The idea of Roger Federer, of this made an impression over time and comes together, he is still capable of win- the aesthetically pleasing tennis genius, not just in the minds of sports fans. Federer ning a grand slam tournament. The fact who has given us so many wonderful and received a major boost in public affection that opponents and experts still regard him anxious hours on the screen from all over with the birth of his twins Myla and Char- as being among the favourites is more than the world and with whom we have suffered lene in 2009. Now not only was he a sport- just deference to one of the greatest sports- and cheered, no longer playing is a sad ing great, the Federer family had also be- men of our time. thought indeed. The fifteen years of Roger come a topic of social interest. Public For how much longer will he continue to Federer have been wonderful. We have still goodwill was further enhanced on 6 May play? For as long as possible, one might not had enough though. this year when the size of the family grew hope. Federer himself has never given any 4 o. again with the birth of a second set of twins: indication that he is considering retirement. this time boys, Leo and Lenny. Quite the contrary, he seems as highly mo- tivated as ever, appears to still enjoy his

August 2014 / N Defeats no longer a rarity profession, is fitter than some of his Roger Federer has now reached a difficult younger competitors and is today benefit - REVIEW

SS point in his long career. In the Serb, Novak ting from the fact that he has always looked GUIDO TOGNONI is a lawyer and a freelance jour- SWI Photo: Keystone Photo: Djokovic, the once dominant duo of after his body. His efficient style of play nalist. He lives in Küssnacht. 24 LITERATURE

Between two worlds: books and literary ﬁgures among the Swiss abroad By Charles Linsmayer

Born in Switzerland, she became a leading figure among Italy’s literary avant-garde - Alice Ceresa

When, in 1967, Edoardo Sanguinetti and Giorgio Manganelli brought Father), published in a magazine in 1979 and finally as a book in out an experimental series of books entitled “La ricerca letteraria” 2003, possesses a similar spirit of rebelliousness to “La figlia prod - (“The Literary Awakening”) with the Einaudi publishing house in iga”. The family gathered for the father’s funeral is mercilessly dis- Turin, the first title published was the prose work “La figlia prodiga” sected character by character. Alice Ceresa displayed her unique (“The Prodigal Daughter”) by Alice Ceresa, who was working in style of writing most impressively, however, in 1990 in the novel Rome as an editor. The work creates a female counterpart to the “Bambine” (Girls). She poignantly and disconcertingly depicts two prodigal son in the Bible. However, it remains entirely in the abstract adolescent girls in an absurdly repressive family and in a Kaf - sense of a hypothesis, eschews consumption and financial gain, and kaesque environment teeming with the sick and the mad. The so- was a highpoint in the experimental literature of the 1960s. This ab- cial construct of the “family” has rarely been as radically and ruth- stract modernity is all the more remarkable since the book’s author lessly reduced to its power structures as it is in this shocking novel. was educated by one of the great Italian neorealist writers, Ignazio It brings to mind a film in slow motion and inexorably denounces Silone (1900–1978). childhood as a school of unkindness, repression and grand delusions. Basel, Bellinzona, Zurich Born in Basel on 25 January 1923 as the Characters like dolls daughter of an Italian-speaking father Averse to any kind of sentimentality and a German-speaking mother, Alice and anything realistic or naturalistic, Ceresa grew up bilingually in Bellin- in all her works Alice Ceresa merci- zona and wrote her first works for the lessly scrutinises reality, its mecha- newspaper “Il Dovere”. In 1943, she nisms and the relativity of language moved to Zurich where she got to know used to convey something. Her char- Ignazio Silone who was living there in acters seem like dolls staggering exile. The Italian, a committed social- around helplessly and without hope in ist who fought against fascism, wanted a fragile world. One literary critic once to turn her into a writer according to remarked: “In the perfect syntax of her his own designs. She is said to have re- sentences, life is transformed into the sponded that the art of writing can only bleak parody of a prison from which come from what an author has to say. there is no escape.” She nevertheless followed Silone to Quotation: When Alice Ceresa died in Rome on Rome when he founded the “Associazi- “When they gather around the dining table at 22 December 2001, the Italian media one Italiana per la Libertà della Cultura” home as a group to feed all the different lauded the Swiss author as one of the in 1951 and spent ten years working as mouths there, it is perhaps as though they are great experimental writers of Italian lit- the organisation’s secretary. A dual feeding a composite body whose individual erature in the 20th century. This was Swiss and Italian citizen, she fully inte- parts are the limbs. They work in unison so categorically confirmed in 2003 when grated into life in Italy, worked as an ed- that they can all visibly demonstrate their the novella “La morte del padre” finally itor for the Longanesi publishing house organic participation. Later, or rather now, appeared in book form. and remained in the eternal city even inexperienced dirty little hands will calmly after Silone’s death. clasp the family cutlery in touching imitation of the adults. Here you can see the usefulness, The end of the family if not the essence, of learning in a small Alice Ceresa’s second novella “La group...” (From: “Bambine. Geschichte einer CHARLES LINSMAYER is a literary scholar morte del padre” (The Death of the Kindheit” (Girls. Story of a Childhood)) and journalist in Zurich W4 August 2014 / No. IE EV

R Bibliography: “La morte del padre” is available in

ISS Italian from Tartaruga in Milan. The German trans- SW Photo: donated Photo: lations are currently out of print. ORGANISATIO N O F THE SWISS ABRO AD 25

a journalist and editor before and after his relationship requirement. These include career in politics. He was awarded an hon- regular visits to Switzerland, the nomina- orary doctorate from Aix-Marseille Univer- tion of referees in Switzerland and the sity for his wide-ranging commitments, ability to communicate in a national lan- which included cultural interests. guage or a Swiss dialect. The linguistic abilities may be demonstrated during an interview at the embassy or consulate. Ir- respective of the place of residence, appli- cants must be integrated into Swiss life at least in spirit, comply with the Swiss rule Jean-Jacques Cevey OSA advice of law and not jeopardise Switzerland’s in- has passed away I have lived abroad with my foreign husband ternal or external security. In the event of for many years. What requirements have to be naturalisation, your spouse will acquire Jean-Jacques Cevey, the honorary president met in order for him to apply for Swiss citizen- cantonal and communal citizenship at of the Organisation of the Swiss Abroad ship, and how should we proceed? your place of origin. (OSA), passed away in Montreux on 11 May Naturalisation applications must be sent aged 85. Cevey presided over OSA from A fundamental requirement for the natural- to the relevant Swiss representation (em- 1992 to 1998. He was an extremely commit- isation of a partner is that the Swiss spouse bassy or consulate). ted president who always maintained close already held Swiss citizenship when they got Further information can be found on the contact with the Swiss abroad and success- married. If the Swiss spouse obtained Swiss website of the Federal Office for Migration fully conveyed their concerns to Swiss pol- citizenship through regular naturalisation www.bfm.admin.ch > Topics > Swiss citizen- iticians. OSA benefited tremendously from after the wedding, simplified naturalisation ship / Naturalization his great political experience. Among the is not possible. Addresses of the Swiss representations positions he held, Cevey was the municipal If you meet this requirement, your abroad: www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/ mayor of Montreux (1969–1988), president spouse may make an application for sim- reps.html of the Vaud Free Democrats (Parti radical) plified naturalisation. In your case, as you OSA LEGAL DEPARTMENT and a member of the National Council from reside abroad, the criterion is that you 1967 to 1991, serving as its president in 1987. must have been living in a stable marital He was also President of Switzerland Tour- relationship for at least six years. The for- OSA’s Legal Department provides general legal in- ism from 1980 to 1994. eign spouse must also have a close relation- formation on Swiss law and speciﬁcally in areas that concern the Swiss abroad. It does not provide Jean-Jacques Cevey was born in 1928 in ship with Switzerland. They must meet information on foreign law and does not intervene Sainte-Croix. He studied law and worked as certain criteria in order to fulfil the close in disputes between private parties.

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The Organisation of the Swiss n Legal advice. Free advice on holiday camps and language educational opportunities and Abroad (OSA), a foundation emigrating abroad and return- courses, etc. for young Swiss making grant applications. governed by private law, is ing to Switzerland. abroad seeking a better www.educationsuisse.ch a centre of expertise for safe- www.aso.ch – “Consultation” understanding of their native guarding the interests of section country. Swiss citizens living abroad. n Network. The website Swiss- www.sjas.ch Besides the publication of Community.org provides the op- n Advice on education and Organisation of the “Swiss Review”, it provides portunity to network with Swiss training in Switzerland. Swiss Abroad (OSA) various services for Swiss citizens all over the world. Young Swiss abroad wishing Alpenstrasse 26, citizens abroad in collabo- www.swisscommunity.org to train or study in Switzerland 3006 Berne, SWITZERLAND ration with its partner orga- n Offers for children and receive support and guidance Tel. +41 31 356 61 00 nisations. young people. Organisation of in selecting training and [email protected]

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Education and Training in Switzerland Alpenstrasse 26, 3006 Berne, SWITZERLAND Tel. +41 (0)31 356 61 04 Fax +41 (0)31 356 61 01 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] www.educationsuisse.ch The educationsuisse – Education and Training in Switzerland team: Fiona Scheidegger, Director (left in photo) and Ruth von Gunten

Embarking upon zerland is high and may exceed what their Young Swiss families can afford. education and Young Swiss abroad generally have the abroad vote training opportunity to apply for a grant from their canton of origin. Grants are awarded on the The Organisation of the Swiss Abroad The 2014/15 academic year is soon set basis of parental income and family circum- (OSA) encourages young people to take to begin in Switzerland. Trainees have stances. The grant system is run by the can- part in political life in Switzerland already started work at their compa- tons in Switzerland. This means there are and prepares them for exercising their nies. University students will attend 26 different sets of grant regulations, and political rights. We are supported in their ﬁrst lectures in a few weeks. submission deadlines vary greatly. Trainees our efforts by Didier Burkhalter, the and students who now wish to apply for a President of the Swiss Confederation. Many young Swiss abroad come to their na- grant should contact the relevant office im- tive country each year for education and mediately for information. OSA is organising two events over the com- training. Most are well organised before- The Education and Training in Switzer- ing months which will enable young Swiss hand. However, it is often only later that land department at educationsuisse advises abroad to gain an insight into Switzerland’s they realise that the cost of living in Swit- young Swiss abroad and provides assistance political system and actively participate in

DONATION FOR YOUNG SWISS ABROAD We have not yet secured all the funding we need for all our pro- The Swiss foundation Pro Patria will donate a signiﬁcant share of jects. We are relying on further donations, especially for the ac- its collection this year to the Organisation of the Swiss Abroad’s tivities for young people in the anniversary year - OSA will cele- projects for young people. brate its 100th anniversary in 2016. The generous donation from Pro Patria is motivation and We wish to express our sincerest gratitude to the Pro Patria grounds for us at OSA’s Youth Service to plan new projects and foundation, and hope we will be able to implement all our pro- offers for young people and to incorporate these into our projects thanks to further donations. gramme. The funds from the Pro Patria collection will also enable us to assist the many young people who cannot afford to Please send donations, mentioning “programmes for young people”, to: take part in the youth programmes, making it possible for them Organisation of the Swiss Abroad to visit their second homeland. Berner Kantonalbank, Bundesplatz 8, 3001 Berne Account no.: 16.129.446.0.98 IBAN: CH71 0900 0000 3000 6768 9 Advertisement SWIFT: KBBECH 22 Or: Post ofﬁce account: 30-6768-9 BIC: POFICHBE

August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. IBAN: CH97 0079 0016 1294 4609 8 Or via PayPal at:

REVIEW www.swisscommunity.org/en/about/ SS

it. Swiss President Didier Burkhalter has an- JUSKILA camp at Winter camp for nounced that he will be visiting the young people. Lenk free of charge 8 to 14-year-olds

Seminar on the age-of-majority The ski camp for children will take Whether they are skiers or snowboard- celebrations for Swiss abroad: place from 2 to 9 January 2015. ers, beginners or at an advanced level, 17.10. – 23.10.2014 Twenty Swiss children living abroad, Swiss children living abroad aged 8 to Swiss abroad born in 1995 and 1996 are in- 13 and 14 years old, can attend free of 14 will have a great time at our winter vited to take part in a political seminar or- charge. camp. ganised by OSA in Berne to coincide with the celebrations for reaching the age of ma- Every year the Swiss-Ski association or- Winter camp Lantsch (Grisons) jority. Participants will be welcomed in ganises a ski camp at Lenk for 600 Swiss Date: Saturday, 27 December 2014 to Mon- Berne on 17 October by OSA and their host children born in 2000 and 2001, including day, 5 January 2015 families. The young citizens will then re- twenty Swiss children living abroad. To No. of participants: 48 ceive an introduction to Switzerland’s polit- take part in the Juskila trip, Swiss children Cost: CHF 900 (contribution to the camp) ical system. They will be informed about living abroad must be able to communicate Ski or snowboard hire: approx. CHF 150 how they can exercise their political rights in at least one of the three Swiss national Registration deadline: 30 October 2014 in Switzerland. The young people will also languages (German, French or Italian). be prepared for the age-of-majority festivi- The places for Swiss abroad are decided by Registration ties organised by the city of Berne at the a draw. Those who win a place do not have Precise details on the winter camps and the Federal Palace. to pay for the camp itself (winter sports registration form will be available from 15 Sep- coaching, food and accommodation). Par- tember 2014 at www.sjas.ch. Reduced contri- ents will be responsible for organising and bution rates are available in exceptional cases. financing travel to and from the camp. Ap- The application form can be requested via the plicants will be informed of the outcome registration form. We are also happy to post of the draw at the end of October. you our information brochure on request. Sign up for the draw now, using the regis- For more information: tration form below. Foundation for Young Swiss Abroad (FYSA) Alpenstrasse 26, 3006 Berne, SWITZERLAND Tel +41 31 356 61 16. Fax +41 31 356 61 01 [email protected], www.sjas.ch

Seminar on the Federal Youth Session: 10.11. – 16.11.2014 REGISTRATION FORM FOR THE DRAW FOR JUSKILA (2 TO 9 JAN. 2015) Over 200 youngsters gain an insight into Swiss political procedures each year at the Please complete in clear print. Youth Session. This allows them to find out about political processes and ways of First name: Surname: participating in political decision-making No., street: without any obligation. This makes it eas- Town/city, postcode: ier for them to engage in further political activity or to undertake civic commit- Country: Date of birth: ments. o Female o Male Telephone: Youth Session places are reserved for Commune of origin in Switzerland (see Passport/ID): Swiss abroad aged 14 to 21. OSA will explain the procedures and issues to participants in Name of parent(s)/guardian(s): the days leading up to the session. The young Email address and phone no. of parent(s)/guardian(s): politicians will then actively participate in Type of sport o Alpine skiing o Cross-country skiing o Snowboarding the Youth Session from Thursday to Sun- Please only tick one box. The type of sport cannot be changed after the draw. day. Language of child o German o French o Italian OSA has inserted a new section featuring political offers for young people at www. Signature of parent(s)/guardian(s):

August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. swisscommunity.org. We hope any young Signature of child: IEW people interested will visit us at the commu- EV R nity website. Please send the form, together with a copy of the Swiss passport of a parent or the child, by 15 Oct. 2014 (date of receipt) to: Foundation for Young Swiss abroad, Alpenstrasse 26, 3006 Berne, SWITZERLAND. WISS S Photo: © FDFA, Presence Switzerland 28 NOTES FROM PARLIAMENT

The Swiss abroad and Do I have to visit the bank in person in or - They are usually continued until their nor- der to open or maintain an account? Why mal expiry date. However, the bank is free Swiss banks can’t I get my signature certified at the em - to decide whether it wishes to continue or bassy? renew the mortgage. In the event of termi- Swiss banks work according to the know- nation, the debtor repays the mortgage or What can be done if Swiss banks close your-customer principle. They usually re - another bank takes it over. accounts held by Swiss citizens quire a personal meeting with the cus - Some banks are willing to renew a mort- abroad? What if they tighten up the tomer to open an account. Both gage irrespective of the place of residence conditions or increase account admin- contracting parties – the bank and the cus- abroad if the customer has a strong rela- istration charges? These are just some tomer – sign the contract on site in Swit - tionship with the region and property. For of the increasingly common questions zerland. example, the customer uses the property concerning Swiss bank accounts. personally as a holiday home and does not Am I being discriminated against if I cannot rent it out, the customer has strong ties The Swiss abroad are currently finding, with hold a Swiss bank account as a Swiss citizen with or has grown up in the region and/or ever greater regularity, that Swiss banks are abroad? the property is the parental home and is to restricting services for private customers Banks differentiate between customers remain in the family’s possession. domiciled abroad, or completely withdraw- domiciled in Switzerland and customers ing from this business segment. What happens with old-age pen- The reasons for this are the sions? My old-age and survi- tighter regulatory environment vors’ insurance / invalidity in- and the provisions of interna- surance (AHV/IV) pension is tional tax law. This affects any - paid into a Swiss account. Can I one who is not domiciled in Swit- have it paid abroad to a foreign zerland and is subject to foreign bank if my Swiss bank termi- tax laws. The Swiss abroad also nates my account? generally belong to this clientele. The Swiss Compensation We have attempted to provide Office (SCO) in Geneva pays answers to frequently asked pensions into the bank account questions. However, we have indicated by the recipient done so without going into tech- worldwide (see www.zas.ad- nical tax issues, and we provide min.ch). In the case of pay- no guarantee of or claim to com- ments abroad, the amount of pleteness. We have also assumed pension credited monthly is af- that all assets (bank accounts, fected by the exchange rate and real estate and other sources of income) have abroad. Persons domiciled outside Switzer- any bank charges incurred. been duly declared in the country of resi- land – including the Swiss abroad – are con- dence of the Swiss citizen abroad. sidered foreign customers. The decision to I receive benefits from a pension fund in restrict customer segments geographically Switzerland which are paid into my bank ac- My Swiss bank is closing my account. What is part of a bank’s business policy and is en- count in Switzerland. Can I have these paid can I do? tirely at its discretion. Contracts between abroad? We recommend that Swiss citizens con- Swiss banks and their customers are gov- The pension fund is a second-pillar old- cerned arrange a personal meeting with erned by private law pursuant to the Swiss age pension scheme which is mandatory, their customer advisor to explain their indi- Code of Obligations (OR). The bank is free but contributed to privately during peri- vidual situation and to seek a solution to- to structure such contracts within the ods of employment in Switzerland. gether. If no agreement can be reached, then scope of the OR. The bank’s general terms The fund is fed by the employer and the consideration must be given to terminating and conditions of business are part of this employee. The payment of pension fund the banking relationship or switching to an- contract. benefits abroad is governed by the terms other bank. and conditions of the respective fund and Various Swiss banks still offer accounts to I own a property in Switzerland and have a must be clarified with the provider con - Swiss citizens abroad. However, finding a mortgage with a Swiss bank. What will hap- cerned. suitable bank can prove time-consuming and pen to my mortgage if my bank no longer normally requires a visit to the bank in per- wishes to provide services for customers from Are there supervisory bodies for banking rela- son and therefore a trip to Switzerland. A my country of domicile? tionships with customers?

August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. sufficiently long transitional period for ac - A mortgage requires an account relation- As the umbrella organisation of the count closure should therefore be negotiated ship between the bank and the customer. Swiss financial industry, the Swiss Bank - REVIEW

SS with the bank that is wishing to terminate Mortgages are therefore also affected by ers Association (SBA) is primarily focused SWI Photo: FDFA, Presence Switzerland the relationship. the termination of a customer relationship. on promoting optimal framework condi- 29

tions for Switzerland’s financial industry Swiss abroad in Switzerland in summer tips for emergency situations locally if you in the domestic market and abroad. It is not 2012. He did not find any distortions of are attending a major event, such as a world able to impose provisions for account and competition or cartel-like arrangements championship or Olympic Games. customer management on its members. among the banks. The banking ombudsman (www. As already mentioned, various Swiss bankingombudsman.ch) steps in if a bank banks still provide account management conducts itself unlawfully or if, for exam- options for the Swiss abroad. However, the ple, it imposes account termination condi- search for a suitable bank may prove time- > itinerisApp for iPhone (App Store tions on customers that are not provided consuming and may require the customer Switzerland) for in the general terms and conditions of to visit Switzerland in person. We are una- > itinerisApp for Android (Google Play business. The contractual termination of a ble to make recommendations regarding in- Switzerland) customer relationship by the bank is car- dividual banking institutions. ried out in accordance with the Swiss Code This issue is discussed, and useful infor - of Obligations and the bank’s general terms mation is exchanged, on the social platform and conditions of business. of the Organisation of the Swiss Abroad Important notice (OSA) – www.swisscommunity.org. Is there also a department responsible for CONSULAR DIRECTORATE, Inform your Swiss representation of your banking customer relationships in the federal RELATIONS WITH THE SWISS ABROAD email address(es) and mobile phone administration? number(s) and/or any changes to these, and The relationship between customers and register at www.swissabroad.ch to ensure banks is governed by private law and is be- you do not miss any communications yond the influence of the federal adminis- (“Swiss Review”, newsletters from your tration. We can only recommend that cus- Publication representation, etc.). tomers discuss their individual situation The latest “Swiss Review” and previous with their bank personally, at the branch Travel with the itinerisApp! issues can be read and/or printed out at any managing their account, to find a solution Download the app free of charge on your time at www.revue.ch. “Swiss Review” (and by mutual agreement. smartphone to stay abreast of the latest se- “Gazzetta Svizzera” in Italy) is sent free of The Price Supervisor, who reports to the curity situation at your travel destination charge to all Swiss households abroad regis- Federal Department of Economic Affairs, and to keep the addresses of the Swiss em- tered with an embassy or consulate general Education and Research (EAER), analysed bassies and consulates close at hand. The app either electronically (via email or as an iPad/ the issue of the banking relationships of the also now includes useful information and Android app) or in printed format.

FEDERAL REFERENDA POPULAR INITIATIVES

The following two proposals will be put to the vote on 28 Sep- The following federal popular initiatives had been launched by tember 2014: the time of going to press (deadline for the collection of signa- tures in brackets): n Popular initiative of 21 September 2011 “Schluss mit der MwSt- n “Schweizerisches Zentralregister für die Beurteilung von Sex- Diskriminierung des Gastgewerbes!” (End to VAT discrimination ual- und Gewaltstraftätern” (Central Swiss register for convicted in the hospitality industry!) (BBl 2014 2851), see also page 12 sexual and violent offenders) (29.10.2015) n Popular initiative of 23 May 2012 “Für eine öffentliche Krank- n “Haftung für Rückfälle von Sexual- und Gewaltstraftätern” (Liabil- enkasse” (For a public health insurance fund) (BBl 2014 2849), ity for recidivism among sexual and violent offenders) (29.10.2015) see also page 12 n “Höchstgeschwindigkeit 140 km/h auf Autobahnen” (Maxi- mum speed of 140 kmph on motorways) (20.11.2015) All information on the proposals (voting pamphlet, committees, n “Für gesunde sowie umweltfreundlich und fair hergestellte party statements, electronic voting, etc.) can be found at Lebensmittel” (For healthy food produced in an eco-friendly and www.ch.ch/abstimmungen. fair way) – (Fair Food Initiative) (27.11.2015) n “Für krisensicheres Geld: Geldschöpfung allein durch die National- Further referendum date in 2014: 30 November. bank! (Vollgeld-Initiative)” (For crisis-proof money: creation of money solely by the National Bank! (Sovereign Money Initiative)) (03.12.2015) n “Ja zur Abschaffung der Radio- und Fernsehgebühren (Abschaf- fung der Billag-Gebühren)” (Yes to the abolition of radio and tele-

August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. vision licence fees (abolition of Billag charges)) (11.12.2015) FDFA OFFICIAL COMMUNICATIONS OFFICER: The list of pending popular initiatives can be found at EVIEW

R PETER ZIMMERLI, RELATIONS WITH THE SWISS ABROAD BUNDESGASSE 32, 3003 BERNE, SWITZERLAND, TELEPHONE: +41 800 24 7 365 www.bk.admin.ch > Aktuell > Wahlen und Abstimmungen > Hän- WISS

S WWW.FDFA.ADMIN.CH, EMAIL: [email protected] gige Volksinitiativen. 30 ECHO

Little gems

called, quite simply, “Svet-Ake”, or “Mr tor and leading actor, depicts life in the Light”, and he feels responsible for fixing post-Soviet Central Asian country as an everything to do with sparks and electric- often amusing adventure in spite of many ity, whether it be short circuits, power fail- hurdles. The DVD of the film is available ures or even marriages where from Trigonfilm with subti- tensions are running high. tles in German and French. Svet-Ake does not hesitate to Subtitles in other languages help anyone in his home town. can also be downloaded via Even if it means breaking the SubtitleSeeker.com. law, such as the time when he Mr Light turns back an electricity me- The audience in Locarno’s Piazza Grande ter so that, instead of having To order: “The Light Thief” was enchanted, and film critics showered to pay a bill, a poor family re- by Aktan Arym Kubat via the film with the most lavish praise. The ceives a payment from the www.trigon-ﬁlm.org. Direct link: http://www.trigonfilm is “The Light Thief” from Kyr - electricity company. Aktan ﬁlm.org/en/movies/The_Light_ gyzstan. The film’s hero is an electrician Arym Kubat, the film’s direc- Thief

“Flying is wicked” Only insiders know how the Swiss Air Force functions. Some- times, however, after faults, accidents or scandals, information leaks out. Swiss voters’ “No” in the referendum on the Gripen fighter jets on 18 May might have something to do with this secretiveness. Margrit Sprecher, a reporter for Swiss and international media, was given the opportunity to ac- company military pilots over several years of their training. She has now brought out a book describing her experience, entitled “Unsere Kampf- Piloten” (Our fighter pilots). It is an attempt to cast some light on a closed world, which A great little ghost has its own ideas, rituals and “Ghost Knigi” has been around for some time now. The little ghost is the rules – a world where the brainchild of Benjamin Sommerhalder, an illustrator and author from Zu- phrase “flying is wicked” is of- rich. First appearing in Sommerhalder’s own small publishing house, Nieves, ten heard. It would appear in Zurich, Knigi has now been “adopted” by the renowned Diogenes Verlag. that individuals with ideas of The story goes like this: Knigi, the little ghost, receives a book from his aunt. their own are not exactly welcome in the Air Force. It is all But something’s not quite right with it: the pages are all completely blank. about adhering to the norm: in preparatory training, military The little ghost hasn’t learned to read yet, which is why all books strike him rank, size and vocabulary. Sprecher presents readers with a as just empty pages. type of collage in ten pictures. Knigi decides to discover the secret of what’s This book will have readers

Knigi Echtzeit behind this mysterious thing called “read- smiling in places, amazed in ing”. And when he does, he discovers a mirac- others and sometimes simply Sprecher Margrit ulous explosion of colour, adventure and joy shaking their heads. leaping out from the pages. This charming

little book is the perfect gift for young and Kampf-Piloten Unsere Margrit Sprecher old. If you love books, you’ll love Knigi. “Unsere Kampf-Piloten”;

August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. Echtzeit Verlag Basel, 2014; 128 pages with photos by “Knigi”, Diogenes Verlag, Zurich; 24 pages; Fabian Biasio; CHF 32, REVIEW

SS CHF 19.90; EUR 15.40; also available in German, EUR 24. Diogenes

SWI Photos: Diogenes Verlag donated (2), (4) French and Spanish, as well as an e-book. www.echtzeit.ch 31

Bulletins Quotes

Dialogue on equal pay is a flop Fund (UNFPA), as was decided “We Swiss are like potatoes – our eyes are only opened In March 2009, the social part- by the Federal Council in June. when we are stuck in the mud.” ners, i.e. the Swiss Employers’ As- Switzerland’s contribution to Tim Guldimann, Swiss Ambassador to Berlin, on the vote held on sociation, the Swiss Industry and UNICEF for the years 2014–16 9 February in a speech to the SP in Zurich Trade Association, the Swiss Fed- will increase from CHF 20 million eration of Trade Unions and the to CHF 22 million per year, and “I’ll spell this out clearly: We shouldn’t leave anything undone. trade union umbrella organisation UNFPA will now receive CHF 16 We shouldn’t tie our own hands behind our backs.” Travail.Suisse, agreed to eliminate million per year instead of CHF 14 Federal Councillor Johann N. Schneider-Ammann announces his intention to campaign against the initiative for inheritance tax discriminatory pay inequalities million. These increases were trig- between men and women in Swiss gered by Parliament’s decision to “He who is not satisfied with a little, is satisfied with nothing.” companies as quickly as possible put more money aside for interna- Epicurus, Greek philosopher (341–271 BC) and received the support of fed- tional development cooperation. eral government. After five years “A person should desire what they own, not what they owned in the past.” spent on the “equal pay dialogue”, Seniors in the majority Charles Ferdinand Ramuz (1878–1947), Swiss author the result is mixed. The objective As of 2030, the over-55s will make of eliminating wage discrimina- up the majority of all eligible vot- “We stand disappointed and watch on with concern, tion against women has not been ers in Switzerland. According to the curtain is closed and all questions are open.” achieved. According to a press re- a study carried out by the Uni- Bertold Brecht, German playwright (1898–1956) lease from the organisers, the versity of Lausanne, it is already main reason for this is that there the case that more than half of “Going into politics is the equivalent of saying farewell to life – were only 51 companies involved those who vote are over 55. Hav- the kiss of death.” in the project – a figure that is ing a majority of older people Hans Magnus Enzensberger, German author much too low to make an impact. may lead to a generational con- flict that is hard to resolve. The “The art of politics is to antagonise others while not becoming Sharing responsibility for researchers have found that the antagonised yourself – by means of confrontation with hard facts.” Peter Bodenmann, former National Councillor and SP President, now a hotelier childcare generational discourse has al- Since 1 July, unmarried and di- ready changed dramatically – the vorced parents have had to look problem most frequently dis- after their children together. cussed is no longer the rebellion This is a situation that divorced of youth, but rather the power of fathers, in particular, have been older citizens. fighting to achieve for years as in the past normally only the moth- New national anthem ers gained custody over the chil- The competition for a new Swiss dren. It is still unclear what will national anthem has received well happen in the future in disputes over a hundred suggestions. In ad- over child custody. The public dition to proposals for lyrics in authorities, especially the Can- German (70), French (40), Italian tonal Conference for the Protec- (4) and Romansh (1), a Portuguese tion of Children and Adults song has also been submitted. This “I am just frittering away my time in the National Council,” was the message for- (KOKES), have already declared entry cannot be considered ac- mer Federal Councillor Christoph Blocher gave to his party leadership and the me- that they will not adopt the role cording to the competition rules. dia on 9 May 2014. He relinquished his position in Parliament at the end of May and is set to dedicate all his efforts in future to fighting to sever Switzerland’s of mediatory bodies. The courts A judging panel will now select a close institutional ties with the EU as well as to combatting mass immigration. can refuse to grant custody rights maximum of ten songs, which will Blocher’s decision has generated a great deal of coverage in the media. “With the to a parent where there are suffi- be presented to the public via the help of Swiss citizens, he wants to decide on the future of the country and is fly- cient grounds. Internet in spring 2015. The Swiss ing in the face of the government, Parliament and the entire political and economic establishment,” writes “Die Zeit” newspaper of Hamburg. The Swiss “Wochen- people will be able to listen to the zeitung” publication rendered the following judgement on his announcement: “His More money for UN organi- songs and choose their favourite resignation is a declaration of war, he is making a lot of fuss in order to increase sations three for the final. The winning his strength and is using defamation as a stylistic device (…). The old man is getting ready for his decisive battle – a fight against the future.” The “Neue Zürcher Switzerland is set to increase its song will then be decided by a Zeitung” does not like the style of the former Federal Councillor either: “Blocher

August 2014 / No. 4 August 2014 / No. contributions to the United Na- phone and SMS vote and will be has not refrained from strongly discrediting the elected representatives of the peo-

IEW tions International Children’s submitted to the Federal Council ple and states and from dragging the concept of parliamentary democracy through EV the mud in the most populist manner.” The “Aargauer Zeitung” also commented R Emergency Fund (UNICEF) and as the replacement for “When the on the situation: “Blocher’s resignation is mainly the prelude to his last battle (…). WISS Photo: donated Photo: S the United Nations Population morning skies grow red”. This should be a warning to all those who advocate an open and liberal land.” 2_4_6isshezrrve41.nd5 126_14d_06_ins_schweizer_revue_4_14.indd Bernina Express, Graubünden An Pa Swis Th d no fo ra r yo ma e u ple we ’v as 10 e s ure ch ose s: ro We n th ’r most e e 10 ho ut me mos to t es at th tr e ac wo ti ve rl . d’ . be s My mos Sw t it at au ze tr ac rla ti nd ve .c pa ti om no fu /p ra ma an or l ro am ut es a . 20.415:42 02.07.14