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TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Patriotism in Narayan Wagle's Palpasa Cafe

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TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Patriotism in Narayan Wagle's Palpasa Cafe TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Patriotism in Narayan Wagle’s Palpasa Cafe A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of English, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master's Degree in English By Jharna Bhandari Class Roll No.: 4/2069 Exam Roll No.: 2970003 T.U. Registration No.: - 6-2-297-15-2008 Department of English Janapriya Multiple Campus, Pokhara August, 2019 i Declaration I hereby declare that the reported in this thesis entitled “Patriotism in Narayan Wagle’s Palpasa Cafe” submitted to Office of the Dean, Faculty of Humanities, Central Department of English, Tribhuvan University, is my original work done in the form of partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in English. (MA English) under the supervision of Mr. Chet Bahadur Pokhrel of Janapriya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University. …………………………….. Jharna Bhandari Janapriya Multiple Campus Campus Roll No: 04/2069 T.U Regd. No: 6-2-297-15-2008 ii TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Department of English Letter of Recommendation Miss Jharna Bhandari has completed her thesis entitled “Patriotism in Narayan Wagle’s Palpasa Cafe " under my supervision. She carried out her research from December, 2018 to August 2019. I here by recommend her thesis be submitted for viva voce. ______________ Mr. Chet Bahadur Pokhrel Lecture Department of English Janapriya Multiple Campus iii TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Department of English Letter of Approval This thesis entitled " Patriotism in Narayan Wagle’s Palpasa Cafe ", submitted to the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of English, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master's Degree in English, Tribhuwan University, by Jharna Bhandari, has been approved by the undersigned members of the research committee. Members of the Research Committee ...…………..……….… ...…………..……….… Supervisor ...…………..……….… ...…………..……….… External Examiner ...…………..……….… ...…………..……….… Head Department of English Date : 2076/04/23 Janapriya Multiple Campus iv Acknowledgements I would like to express my profound gratitude to Mr. Chet Bahadur Pokhrel, Lecturer of Janapriya Multiple Campus, for making constant supervision and guiding me with regular inspiration, encouragement, and insightful suggestion throughout the study. His vigorous efforts made me present this research work in this form. Similarly, I would like to express my gratitude to Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of English, Tribhuwan University, for providing me this opportunity of working in this issue. I am also grateful to all the lecturers of the Janapriya Multiple Campus for their precious teaching. My respect is always to my parents and other members of my family. Without their love and inspiration, I would not have been in the present stage. So, I am highly indebted to them. Finally, I would like to thank everyone who have directly or indirectly supported me. Jharna Bhandari September, 2019 v Abstract This research examines the novel Palapsa café by Patriotism theory which is a kind of psychological stimulus triggered by things that are related to one’s country. This novel is the story of a Kathmandu-based artist, Drishya, who falls in love with a Nepali American returnee, Palpasa. Along the way Drishya also sees for himself the devastating effects of Nepal’s conflict in the hills, via a mysterious old college friend now turned Maoist. These three characters who narrate the story in turns. Palpasa is pushed ahead by the intense sense of expressing love for her motherland. That is why she comes back to her motherland by discarding every available opportunity she gets in America. Unlike the romantic egoist driven by far-fetched ideas, they are committed to the real life. Characters like Drishya and Palpasa demonstrate endurance, vision, determination and intense will to overcome every hurdle that occurs in their lives. In their encounter with all the challenges and hurdles lies traces of heroism traits and attributes. These traits and attributes are examined excluding all the unrelated and unrelated details. The novel also, obviously, reflects the author’s own experience as a Brahmin male based largely in Kathmandu. vi Table of Contents Title Page i Declaration ii Recommendation iii Letter of Approval iv Acknowledgements v Abstract vi Table of Contents vii Chapter I: General Background 1-12 1.1 General Background: Narayan Wagle and Palpasa Café 1.2 Review of Literature Chapter- II: Nation, Nationalism and Patriotism 13-27 2.1 Nationalism and Patriotism 2.2 Violence and Conflict 2.3 War and conflict: An issue of patriotism and nationalism Chpter- III Patriotism in Palpasa Café 28-59 3.1 Effects of Maoist Violence in Palpasa Café 3.2 Patriotism in Palpasa Café Chpter- IV Conclusion 60-61 Works Cited vii Bhandari 1 Chapter I General Background 1.1 General Background: Narayan Wagle and Palpasa Café Narayan Wagle is a Nepali journalist and novelist. He was the editor of Kantipur Daily, one of Nepal's largest circulating newspapers, until 2008, and was the editor of Nagarik News until May 18, 2012. Wagle's novel Palpasa Café won a Madan Puraskar award. He worked at Setopati, a digital newspaper in Nepal. He was born in Tanahun in 1968. Palpasa Café was Wagle's first book, published in Nepali in 2005, and subsequently translated into English, Korean and French. It tells the story of an artist, Drishya, who goes trekking into the Nepali countryside in the midst of the Nepalese Civil War. It was a best seller and was acclaimed for bringing the realities of the Nepalese Civil War to the public in a way journalism had failed to. He is a prominent Nepalese novelist. He incorporates his experience as a journalist with his fictional writings. Being a Nepalese citizen, he conceptualizes the drastic events that stormed in Nepal during the Nepalese Civil War. Wagle accomplishes distinctive literary compositions about the war and its destructive consequences. In Palpasa Café, hetries to depict the political turbulence which had not been given critical journalistic coverage. Consequently, Wagle provides an artistic “literary form which is seen to be a kind of meaning, a description of itself which the text communicates to its reader, and has all the complex characteristics associated with meaning: uncertainties, ambiguities and contradictions. Fiction is one method of portraying war and conflict. Fictional narratives can demand to be taken seriously as an equally legitimate branch of knowledge about war Bhandari 2 by the strength of their own verve and written power. However, telling authentic fictional stories about real war is a difficult, high wire balancing act. There are dangers of never escaping history and also never developing a narrative, neither being factually correct nor descriptively interesting. Novelists may successfully walk the tightrope and, at times, go on to produce moments seemingly more authentic and powerful than the mass of typically sterile and academic reports usually spawned by war. Like travelogues, journalism and personal testimony fiction can provide another, perhaps more human way of talking about conflict and tumultuous recent history as well as in writing words against war. Palpasa Café is the story of a Kathmandu-based artist, Drishya, who falls in love with a Nepali American returnee, Palpasa. Along the way Drishya also sees for himself the devastating effects of Nepal’s conflict in the hills, via a mysterious old college friend named Siddhartha now turned Maoist. These three characters who narrate the story in turns. The novel stands out primarily not as a fiction tale with authentic characters but, instead, as an embodiment of the stand of the people who resisted the war-mongers on both sides. Even the characters coming from the common walks of life happen to display heroic disposition. The confrontation between setbacks and people from the normal spheres of life gives birth to the heroism in the average. This research deals with how sense of patriotism is projected in, Palpasa Café, especially in the protagonists. They demonstrate bold sense of willingness to face every challenge that befalls them. Palpasa is pushed ahead by the intense sense of expressing love for her motherland. That is why she comes back to her motherland by discarding every available opportunity she gets in America. Unlike the romantic egoist driven by farfetched ideas, they are committed to the real life. They respond to every setback Bhandari 3 within flinching back from the normal sphere of life. The Nepalese aura and atmosphere, local culture and custom shape and sustain their heroism. Since the characters in Palpasa Cafe come from the normal sphere of life, their heroism represents Nepalese heroism and heroism in the average. They are all strong and have definite sense of purpose and beliefs that make them almost too real. For instance, Palpasa is a daring woman who comes back to Nepal from the States and wants to make a significant career in documentary film making. Chhiring and Kishore on the other hand are the rising stars in their photography and singing career respectively. Palpasa's grandmother becomes the author's mouthpiece in voicing his love for his motherland. They are all so simple and life like that one is bound to find at least a character they can relate to. In Narayan Wagle’s Palpasa Café, almost all the characters face plenty of expected and unexpected hurdles. Palpasa’s return to Nepal is not caused solely by her love for Nepal. To dodge the growing insecurity in America following terrorist attack, she is compelled to return to her country. Drishya’s ambition and professional career is not thwarted by the mounting fear of underground insurgency and state sponsored counter-insurgency. Increasing death toll due to civil war, chronic sense of fear, daily setbacks of practical life and emotional love are some of the challenges which most of the characters face.
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