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Social Psychology Social Psychology OUTLINE OF RESOURCES Introducing Social Psychology Lecture/Discussion Topic: Social Psychology’s Most Important Lessons (p. 853) Social Thinking The Fundamental Attribution Error Lecture/Discussion Topic: Attribution and Models of Helping (p. 856) Classroom Exercises: The Fundamental Attribution Error (p. 854) Students’ Perceptions of You (p. 855) Classroom Exercise/Critical Thinking Break: Biases in Explaining Events (p. 855) NEW Feature (Short) Film: The Lunch Date (p. 856) Worth Video Anthology: The Actor-Observer Difference in Attribution: Observe a Riot in Action* Attitudes and Actions Lecture/Discussion Topics: The Looking Glass Effect (p. 856) The Theory of Reasoned Action (p. 857) Actions Influence Attitudes (p. 857) The Justification of Effort (p. 858) Self-Persuasion (p. 859) Revisiting the Stanford Prison Experiment (p. 859) Abu Ghraib Prison and Social Psychology (p. 860) Classroom Exercise: Introducing Cognitive Dissonance Theory (p. 858) Worth Video Anthology: Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment* The Stanford Prison Experiment: The Power of the Situation* Social Influence Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures Lecture/Discussion Topics: Mimicry and Prosocial Behavior (p. 861) Social Exclusion and Mimicry (p. 861) The Seattle Windshield Pitting Epidemic (p. 862) Classroom Exercises: Suggestibility (p. 862) Social Influence (p. 863) Student Project: Violating a Social Norm (p. 863) Worth Video Anthology: Social Influence* NEW Liking and Imitation: The Sincerest Form of Flattery* Obedience: Following Orders Lecture/Discussion Topic: Obedience in Everyday Life (p. 865) Classroom Exercises: Obedience and Conformity (p. 864) Would You Obey? (p. 864) Wolves or Sheep? (p. 866) * Titles in the Worth Video Anthology are not described within the core resource unit. They are listed, with running times, in the Lecture Guides and described in detail in their Faculty Guide, which is available at www.worthpublishers.com/mediaroom. 851 852 Social Psychology Lecture/Discusion Topic/Critical Thinking Break: Milgram Returns . This Time on TV! (p. 864) NEW Classroom Exercise/Student Project: Applying Research on Conformity, Obedience, and Role Playing (p. 866) Worth Video Anthology: Milgram’s Obedience Studies* Obedience and Authority: A Laboratory Demonstration* Group Behavior Lecture/Discussion Topics: Deviance in the Dark (p. 867) Understanding Terrorism (p. 868) Groupthink (p. 868) Classroom Exercises: Deindividuation (p. 867) Group Polarization (p. 867) The Wisdom of Crowds (p. 869) Feature Films: Lord of the Flies and Deindividuation (p. 867) Twelve Angry Men (p. 869) Worth Video Anthology: Schachter’s Affiliation Experiment* The Wisdom of Groups* Social Relations Classroom Exercise: Social Transmission of a Narrative (p. 870) Student Project: A Personal Cultural History (p. 869) Prejudice Classroom Exercises: Subtle Prejudice and the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (p. 871) Positions of Privilege and Institutional Racism (p. 872) Institutional Discrimination (p. 873) Belief in a Just World (p. 873) Ingroup Bias (p. 874) Classroom Exercise/Student Project: Measuring Stereotypes (p. 871) Feature Film: Crash (p. 871) Worth Video Anthology: Prejudice* NEW Attitudes and Prejudicial Behavior Hidden Prejudice: The Implicit Association Test* Being Gay: Coming Out in the 21st Century* Aggression Lecture/Discussion Topics: Workplace Violence and the Conditional Reasoning Test of Aggression (p. 875) UPDATED Genocide (p. 876) Relational Aggression in the Media (p. 876) Do We Need to Vent Our Rage? (p. 877) Classroom Exercise: Defining Aggression (p. 874) Feature Film: In Cold Blood (p. 877) Worth Video Anthology: Competition and Aggression: Testosterone at Work* Attraction Lecture/Discussion Topics: Speed Dating (p. 878) The Mere Exposure Effect (p. 879) What Is Beautiful Is Good (p. 879) Physical Appearance and Election Success (p. 879) Lecture/Discussion Topic/Critical Thinking Break: All the Right Moves? (p. 880) NEW Classroom Exercises: Using Personal Ads to Teach Interpersonal Attraction (p. 877) Assessing Friendship (p. 880) The Pairing Game (p. 881) Matching, the Contrast Effect, and Relationship Satisfaction (p. 882) The Passionate Love Scale (p. 883) Love Styles (p. 883) Social Psychology 853 The Trust Scale (p. 884) The Minding Scale (p. 884) Solitude: Bane or Blessing? (p. 885) Feature Films: Beauty and the Beast and Physical Attractiveness (p. 879) Speed and the Two-Factor Theory of Passionate Love (p. 882) Worth Video Anthology: Interpersonal Attraction: Clothes Make the Man* Love: The Mind-Body Connection* Altruism Lecture/Discussion Topics: Case Studies in Helping (p. 886) UPDATED Europeans Who Helped Jews Escape (p. 888) Classroom Exercise: Why Do People Volunteer? (p. 887) Student Project: A Random Act of Kindness (p. 888) Worth Video Anthology: Takooshian’s Psychology of Bystanders* Bystander Apathy: Failing to Help Others in Distress* Whom Do We Help?* Conflict and Peacemaking Lecture/Discussion Topics: Five Dangerous Ideas (p. 889) The Dual Concern Model of Social Conflict (p. 890) The Jigsaw Technique (p. 891) Classroom Exercise: The Missiles Game (p. 890) PsychSim 5: Social Decision Making (p. 889) RESOURCES inconsistent with our expressed attitudes. Powerful evil situations can overwhelm good intentions. Introducing Social Psychology Culture provides a broader social context that Lecture/Discussion Topic: Social Psychology’s Most affects our behavior. For example, our standards for Important Lessons promptness, frankness, and clothing vary with our cultural situation. To introduce social psychology to your class, you might 4. Personal attitudes and dispositions also shape present some of its “big ideas.” In his bestselling social behavior. Our inner attitudes about politics, the psychology text, David Myers identifies the specialty’s poor, and the physical environment influence six overarching themes. They include the following: our actions. Personality traits—for example, our 1. We construct our social reality. People are strongly optimism and conscientiousness—also affect our motivated to find the causes of everyday social behavior. We are both the creatures and creators of behavior and thereby make it predictable and our social worlds. controllable. Both our beliefs about others and 5. Social behavior is biologically rooted. Everything ourselves affect our actions. Because we think dif- psychological is simultaneously biological. Brain ferently at different times, our reactions to the same areas enable our experience of love, aggression, person and the same situation vary. and helping. Social support strengthens the disease- 2. Our social intuitions are often powerful but some- fighting immune system; social ostracism elevates times perilous. Our thinking occurs on two levels: blood pressure. one conscious and deliberate, the other unconscious 6. Social psychology’s principles are applicable and automatic. Both conscious and unconscious in everyday life. Social psychological research thoughts shape our fears (is the world dangerous?), provides significant insight into important social our impressions (is she trustworthy?), and our problems such as prejudice and aggression. It offers relationships (does he love me?). These intuitions many ideas about how to know ourselves better and powerfully shape our social behavior. At the same to improve our interpersonal relationships. Social time, our social beliefs are susceptible to predict- psychology’s principles have application to able error (e.g., the fundamental attribution error, improving human health, to understanding judicial overconfidence, the self-serving bias). procedures, and to maintaining our physical 3. Social influences shape our behavior. We are social environment. animals with an inherent need to belong. Thus, we Myers, D. G. (2010). Social psychology (10th ed.). New are responsive to our immediate contexts. Some- York: McGraw-Hill. times, the social situation leads us to act in ways 854 Social Psychology Social Thinking recalls that at times “It seemed I was better off dead than living through” Devlin’s abuse. He states, “Most The Fundamental Attribution Error people would say their greatest fear is dying, but that’s Classroom Exercise: The Fundamental Attribution not mine. I would have to say my greatest fear is prob- Error ably not being understood.” The fundamental attribution error is the tendency of You can introduce the fundamental attribution error observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to under- by replicating the findings of Richard Nisbett and his estimate the impact of a situation and to overestimate colleagues, who discovered that people often attribute the impact of personal disposition. To illustrate, you other people’s behavior to their dispositions while might cite the case of the American freelance journalist giving environmental reasons for their own behavior. Jill Carroll, who was held captive in Baghdad for 82 That is, with our own behavior, we are sensitive to how days in early 2006. Early in her captivity, her kidnap- behavior changes with the situation. pers gave the United States just 72 hours to release all Distribute two copies of Handout 1 to each student. female prisoners in Iraq. If the demand was not met, the Have students complete the scale twice, once for a group said it would kill Carroll. In a video made before former teacher (or some prominent public figure, say, her March 30 release, Jill praised her captors as “good Hillary Clinton) and once for themselves. After they people fighting
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