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Conservation Plan MELBOURNE CITY WATCH HOUSE "RMIT HISTORIC LEGAL PRECINCT" CONSERVATION PLAN prepared for the RMIT UNIVERSITY by Heritage Assets Branch Building Services Agency DEPARTMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE 9TH LEVEL, 80 COLLINS STREET, 3000 Tel: 0396556015 Fax: 0396556406 February 1998 Contents Page Executive Summary 3 1.0 Introduction 4 1.1 Background 4 1.2 Heritage Status 4 2.0 History 6 2.1 Introduction 6 2.2 The Site 7 2.3 The Architects 8 2.4 The Design 9 2.5 Use of the Buildings 9 2.6 Historical Associations 10 2.7 Alterations to the Fabric 11 3.0 Significance 12 3.1 Assessment of Significance 12 3.2 Statement of Significance 12 4.0 Conservation Policy 14 4.1 Significant Areas and Elements 14 4.2 Building Use 15 4.3 Fabric and Setting 16 4.4 Future Development 20 4.5 Interpretation 21 4.6 Management 21 4.7 Heritage Permit Exemptions 22 5.0 Conservation Action 23 5.1 Statutory Protection 23 5.2 Prioritised Schedule of Works and Estimates 23 5.3 Financial and Technical Assistance 26 6.0 List of Illustrations & Photos 28 Sources and Bibliography 49 Appendices 52 Conservation Plan Former City Watch House BSA 5/13/98 2 Executive Summary This Conservation Plan assesses the significance of the former City Watch House within the Historic Legal Precinct which extends from LaTrobe Street along Russell Street to Victoria Street, and includes the former Melbourne Magistrates Court, the former City Watch House, the former Police Garage, and part of the Old Melbourne Gaol. It proposes a conservation policy for the building and recommends a staged program of works. Heritage Status The building and land are subject to heritage protection at State and Municipal levels. Cultural Significance The precinct and buildings which it contains have been devoted to law and order, policing and justice since the early days of Melbourne. The former Melbourne Magistrates Court and City Watch House mark an important stage in the development of the architectural design produced by the Pubic _Works Department in the early 20th Century, being unique Melbourne examples of the French Romanesque style as applied to the expression of law and justice. Conservation Policy The site and buildings demonstrate ongoing development of legal!custodial use over 150 years. From the 1920s part of the remaining gaol site was taken over for teaching functions of the adjacent former Working Men's College (now the RMIT University), including the Welding School (Building 5) in 1920, the new Engineering School(Building 3) in 1929, and the Emily McPherson College of Domestic Economy in 1925-27. The proposed future use extends the ownership and use by RMIT. It is recommended that this future use should retain the significant fabric and interior spaces of the existing registered building, and that the history of development of the site in relation to its legal!custodial use be interpreted to the Public. Conservation Action While the Russell Street facade of the building and the cell block are essentially intact, considerable external works are required to conserve the fabric of the buildings, particularly the replacement of roofing materials, repairs to the roof drainage and render repairs. Conservation Plan Former City Watch House USA 5/13/98 3 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background This conservation plan has been commissioned and funded by the Victorian Department of Justice with the aim of: • establishing the cultural significance of the building • formulating a conservation policy for the building • providing a conservation action plan The historic legal precinct comprises the old City Magistrates' Court, the former City Watch House, the former Police Garage, and the remains of the Old Melbourne Gaol. A section of the latter was removed in the 1920s to allow construction of the Emily McPherson College of Domestic Economy, on the corner of Russell and Victoria Streets, and the Engineering School in Bowen Street. Across the road in Russell Street is the former Melbourne Police Headquarters. This report covers the former City Watch House. The former City Magistrates Court, the former Police Garage and the former Chapel and Administration Building of the Old Melbourne Gaol will be covered in separate studies. The remainder of the former gaol buildings has been covered by a study commissioned by the National Trust. 1.2 Heritage Status Heritage Act 1995 All the buildings within the precinct are separately protected under the Heritage Act 1995. The Watch House is included on the Heritage Register and its extent of designation is specified and recorded on plans held by the Heritage Council. Permits from Heritage Victoria are required for any works to the designated building and land. The listing is as follows: The listing is as follows: H1006 City Watch House (1907-08) Russell Street, Melbourne To the extent of: 1 All of the buildings known as the City Watch House marked B-1 on Plan No. 603510 signed by the Cha irperson, HBC, and held by the Director, HBC, and 2 The land marked L-1 on Plan No. 603510 signed by the Chairperson, Conservation Plan Former City Watch House BSA 5/13/98 4 HBC and held by the Director, HBC being part of the land contained in Crown Allotment 45 of Section 44, parish of Melbourne North. See Figure 1. Melbourne Planning Scheme The former Melbourne Magistrates Court, City Watch House, Police Garage and Old Melbourne Gaol are listed as notable buildings in the Melbourne Planning Scheme. A Planning Permit would therefore be required for any works to the exterior of the buildings. Australian Heritage Commission The former City Watch House is not included on the Register of the National Estate. National Trust of Australia The former City Watch House is classified separately by the National Trust and also as part of a Group Classification with the former Magistrates Court, Police Garage, Old Melbourne Gaol, and RMIT Building No 1 at 124 LaTrobe Street. This classification does not entail any statutory controls but may engender considerable public interest. Conservation Plan Former City Watch House BSA 5/13/98 5 2.0 History 2.1 Introduction Australia, founded principally as a penal colony, was to be much preoccupied in its early decades with the problems of reconciling growth and settlement with the burden of Britain's unwanted criminals. Victoria, although founded as a free society, could not escape the same concerns. It sought to define itself as different from New South Wales and the other penal settlements and emphasised its origins as a free colony, untainted by the convict stain. However, the issue of crime and convicts remained a vexed question for Victorians. During the earliest days at Port Phillip, some kind of holding place had to be found for offenders. The first gaol in the Port Phillip settlement was a temporary one, a slab hut surrounded by a stockade on Batman's Hill. It was destroyed by fire in 1838.1 The Western Gaol in Collins Street was begun in 1839-40 and contained three principal compartments and two solitary cells. A watch house was erected in Swanston Street in 1840 on the site where the Melbourne Town Hall and Administration building now stand. It was replaced in 1849 with a larger building containing two cells, a store room and an office. The court house and office of the Police Superintendent was located between this building and Little Collins Street.? The need to build a new Town Hall resulted in the watch house being removed and a larger replacement was added to the back of the court. By 1888 the Melbourne City Council had purchased the whole block and the Police Court, watch house and lock-up function moved to the by then vacant Supreme Court on the corner of Russell and LaTrobe Streets. A row of portable wooden cells along the old gaol wall formed the lock-up with a brick office constructed adjacent as the watch house. (See Figure 2). 2.2 The Site The site precinct is bounded by LaTrobe Street and Russell Street on the south and east, and on the north and west as shown on Figure 1. It was originally occupied fully by the Old Melbourne Gaol and the former Supreme Court. See Figure 2. The site of the former Magistrates Court was occupied by the Old Supreme Court Building from 1849 until its demolition in 1910. The present Supreme 1 J. Arm strong, 'His tory of Prison s in Victoria', The Bridge, 3, no. 4, May 1980. p.4: The Old Melbal/1'I1c Gaol. Text by Robyn Riddett & Geoffrey Down . Melbourne, National Trus t of Australia (Victoria), 1991. pp.4-5. 2 City Watch HOl/se, typescrip t in Police Historical Unit File. Conservation Plan Former City Watch House BSA 5/13/98 6 Court Building in William Street was completed in 1884 and the Magistrates' Courts function was carried out in the Old Supreme Court Building from 1884 until it was demolished. The site of the present remnants of the Old Melbourne Gaol, the former Police Garage, and the City Watch House, was originally occupied in total by the Old Melbourne Gaol. The south wall of the gaol forms the south boundary of the former City Watch House. The Watch House occupies the site of the first three storey cell block of the Old Melbourne Gaol. The former Police garage occupies the site of the gaol hospital built in 1864-5. It is believed that there were burials associated with the prison hospital in the yard adjacent to the former prison boundary wall to the east. In April, 1929, a grave believed to be that of Ned Kelly, was dug up during excavations for the foundation of the new RMIT Engineering School>.
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