Boletus Pseudopinophilus Fungal Planet Description Sheets 387

386 Persoonia – Volume 42, 2019

Boletus pseudopinophilus Fungal Planet description sheets 387

Fungal Planet 909 – 19 July 2019 Boletus pseudopinophilus A.R. Bessette, Bessette, J. Craine & J.L. Frank, sp. nov.

Etymology. A combination of the Latin pseudo = ‘not true, but similar to’ Notes — Boletus pseudopinophilus is included in Weber and pinophilus = ‘pine-loving’ referring to the close affinity to the pine-loving & Smith (1985) and in Bessette et al. (2000, 2007, 2016) as European species, Boletus pinophilus. Boletus pinophilus, the European name that, prior to molecu- Classification — Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes. lar studies, was misapplied in North America not only to this south-eastern porcini, but also to the Spring King (B. rex-veris) Medium-sized to large basidiocarps with pinkish brown to red- and to the Rocky Mountain Ruby-capped King (B. rubriceps) brown caps, white tubes stuffed with hyphae when young be- in the western United States. Molecular analysis of ITS rDNA coming yellow to olive-yellow in age, whitish reticulated stipe data shows Boletus pseudopinophilus to be closely related to, darkening to light brown as it ages, and white unchanging flesh. but separate from, B. pinophilus, in a strongly supported clade Pileus 5–16 cm wide, rounded to convex at first, becoming that includes B. subcaerulescens, B. regineus, B. subalpinus broadly convex to nearly plane in age, margin incurved at first, and a taxon reported as ‘Boletus cf. pinophilus’ from Oaxaca with a narrow band of sterile tissue, becoming even or undulat- Mexico, GenBank MG919994. Boletus subcaerulescens is very ing at maturity; surface slightly viscid when fresh, becoming dry, similar, but typically has more vinaceous tones on the pileus subtomentose, smooth, pinkish brown to greyish brown when and stipe, a pore surface that stains bluish grey when bruised, young, becoming reddish brown and finally dull reddish brown to a northerly distribution and typically grows with spruce and yellowish brown in age. Context thick, firm white, pinkish brown short-needle pines including Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris), Pitch under the pileipellis, unchanging when exposed; odour and Pine (Pinus rigida) and Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana). Boletus taste not distinctive. Hymenophore whitish at first, becoming aurantioruber has a darker, rusty orange pileus, and a pinkish yellow to olive-yellow, finally brownish yellow, unchanging when cinnamon to rusty red or red-brown reticulum. It usually grows bruised. Pores stuffed with white hyphae when young, angular, associated with two and three needle pines such as Jack Pine 2–3 per mm; tubes 8–20 mm long, depressed around the and Pitch Pine and is more northerly in its distribution, typically stalk in age. Stipe 6–12 cm long, 1.5–4 cm thick, club-shaped, found in north-eastern North America. Boletus separans grows enlarged downward, typically with a pinched base, and white with oak, has a variable coloured cap that tends to be more basal mycelium. Surface whitish to pale brown at first, darkening vinaceous to pink when young, and a white, finely reticulated in age, dry, conspicuously reticulate overall, reticulum delicate, stipe. Lilac areas of the pileipellis and stipitipellis of B. separans whitish at the apex and over the upper one third or more, stain aquamarine to deep blue with the addition of NH4OH. The darkening downward toward the base in age or when bruised; European Boletus pinophilus differs in having a darker red- negative with the application of NH4OH. Context firm, solid, dish brown pileus and grows in coniferous or mixed forests in white, unchanging when exposed. Spores olive-brown in mass, Europe, mycorrhizal with pines (Pinus) or spruce (Picea), but 15.8 × 4.8 (14–18 × 4–6) µm, Q = 3.28, elliptic-fusiform to has not been verified to occur in North America. subfusiform, smooth, yellowish in KOH. Basidia clavate, (2–)4- spored; cheilocystidia not observed; pleurocystidia sparse, 42–60 × 7–9 µm, narrowly fusoid-ventricose, smooth, thin- walled, hyaline in KOH. Pileipellis a trichodermium of interwo- ven, thin-walled, non-encrusted hyphae, 4–12 µm wide, lacking clamp connections. 89 Boletus rubriceps US southwest Habit, Habitat & Distribution — Solitary or scattered on the 70 Boletus aurantioruber JFA2004 MI ground under Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii) and Longleaf Pine 100 57 Boletus “edulis” US east MASS (Pinus palustris) along the coastal plains across the south- Boletus edulis Europe eastern United States from southern Virginia at lower elevations 80 south and west into Texas. It seems to prefer younger forests 80 Boletus rex-veris US west and can be common in pine plantations. Fruiting in summer 87 and fall. 99 Boletus fibrillosus US west

Typus. USA, Georgia, Elbert County, near Ruckersville Road, 15 Sept. 100

2014, A.R. Besette (holotype ARB1267, FLAS, ITS and LSU sequences 100 Boletus pseudopinophilus US east GenBank KX610682 and KX610680, MycoBank MB829952). Boletus cf. pinophilus Mexico Additional material examined. USA, Georgia, Gwinnett County, 11 June 93 96 2014, J. Craine MO167169 (FLAS), ITS sequence GenBank KX610683; Boletus subcaerulescens US east Mississippi, Harrison County, Harrison Experimental Forest, 5 Dec. 1982, 92

D. Lewis 3382 (F1132005); Texas, Tyler County, 19 Sept. 1980, D. Lewis 93 Boletus regineus US west 2318 (F1101782). 94 Boletus subalpinus US west

95 Boletus pinophilus Europe

Maximum likelihood tree inferred from ITS nrDNA, using RAxML v. 8 (Stama- Colour illustrations. Top and bottom right: MO167169 under Pinus elliottii, takis 2014), showing placement of Boletus pseudopinophilus in Boletus Gwinnett County, GA; bottom left: holotype ARB1267 under Pinus elliottii and s.str. Bootstrap support values (> 50 % with 1 000 replicates) are shown Pinus palustris, Elbert County, GA, USA. above branches.

Arleen R. Bessette & Alan E. Bessette, 170 Live Oak Circle, Saint Marys, GA 31558, USA; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected] James D. Craine, 5320 N. Peachtree Road, Dunwoody, GA 30338, USA; e-mail: [email protected] Jonathan L. Frank, Department of Biology, Southern Oregon University, Ashland OR 97520, USA; e-mail: [email protected]