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THE BUSINESS of CENSORSHIP: CONTENT MANAGEMENT and the CHINESE ECONOMY By
THE BUSINESS OF CENSORSHIP: CONTENT MANAGEMENT AND THE CHINESE ECONOMY by JOSHUA CLARK B.A. (Hons.), Queen's University at Kingston, 2009 MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Political Science) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) August 2010 ©Joshua Clark, 2010 Abstract Content control and censorship on the Internet are increasingly important topics for scholars of democratization, media and communications. Most studies have examined the relationship between the Internet, content management and various elements important to democratization such as the formation of civil society organizations. This thesis attempts to expand this discussion by examining the effects of online content management on economic systems, using the People's Republic of China as an example. China features a globally integrated economy that is increasing dependent on manufacturing and services while simultaneously maintaining one of the most extensive online content management systems in the world. This paper attempts to show how the Communist Party of China is able to reconcile the need for connectivity in order to drive their economy while maintaining political control. It also discusses the long-term implications of this strategy. The first section consists of a series of quantitative and qualitative tests to determine how various classes of websites are managed. These tests reveal that in order to maintain the flow of information necessary for a globally integrated economy, the Chinese Communist Party utilizes strategies that manage but not block the information flows related to business. This survey is followed by a case study examining the relationship between Google and China, and the implications of Chinese regulation and control for the broader economy. -
Trapped in a Virtual Cage: Chinese State Repression of Uyghurs Online
Trapped in a Virtual Cage: Chinese State Repression of Uyghurs Online Table of Contents I. Executive Summary..................................................................................................................... 2 II. Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 5 III. Background............................................................................................................................... 6 IV. Legislation .............................................................................................................................. 17 V. Ten Month Shutdown............................................................................................................... 33 VI. Detentions............................................................................................................................... 44 VII. Online Freedom for Uyghurs Before and After the Shutdown ............................................ 61 VIII. Recommendations................................................................................................................ 84 IX. Acknowledgements................................................................................................................. 88 Cover image: Composite of 9 Uyghurs imprisoned for their online activity assembled by the Uyghur Human Rights Project. Image credits: Top left: Memetjan Abdullah, courtesy of Radio Free Asia Top center: Mehbube Ablesh, courtesy of -
The Filtering Matrix
The Filtering Matrix Filtering and Surveillance Practices Worldwide Nart Villeneuve Director of Technical Research The Citizen Lab / OpenNet Initiative University of Toronto Internet Challenges Bloggers and independent media challenge traditional corporate and state-owned media VoIP is seen as a threat by traditional tele-communications companies Offshore gambling and banking sites challenge existing laws and regulations File sharing services have significantly impacted the area of copyright and intellectual property Spam, child pornography, identity theft, computer break-ins and terrorism present significant security concerns Borders in Cyberspace In an effort to counter the once borderless Internet, states are seeking to create informational boundaries in cyberspace. Informational Borders Although decentralized there are significant ªchoke pointsº at which controls can be placed on the Internet Technical & non-technical mechanisms used to censor and control access to the Internet Filtering is the technical mechanism through which such controls are operationalized Internet Filtering Internet content filtering is a term that refers to the techniques by which control is imposed on access to information on the Internet The motivations for state-directed Internet filtering include those with: a specific emphasis on e-commerce: tax, copyright, VoIP a specific emphasis on children: child pornography, violence a specific emphasis on content cultural: pornography and gambling political: dissidents and independent media security: (cyber)terrorism and hacking Filtering Techniques DNS filtering: modification to DNS servers to prevent a domain name from resolving to the correct IP address. IP filtering: entries are made in routing equipment that stop all outgoing requests for a specific IP address URL filtering: filtering technology that (a) reassembles the packets for traffic flowing through its network, (b) reads each http request, and (c) if the URL in the request matches one of the URLs (or keywords) specified in a blocklist, block the http request. -
Nation-State Cyber Surveillance Options: the Role of Suppliers
Nation-State Cyber Surveillance Options: The role of suppliers Eirik Bae Master’s Thesis Master of Science in Information Security 30 ECTS Department of Computer Science and Media Technology Gjøvik University College, 2014 Avdeling for informatikk og medieteknikk Høgskolen i Gjøvik Postboks 191 2802 Gjøvik Department of Computer Science and Media Technology Gjøvik University College Box 191 N-2802 Gjøvik Norway Nation-State Cyber Surveillance Options: The role of suppliers Abstract When Edward Snowden in 2013 leaked documents about U.S. surveillance, the focus shifted to how nation-states perform surveillance of Internet and telecom communications, and it was then a need for educated information about the topic. In this master thesis we investigate how nation-states can perform their cyber surveillance, how suppliers of products or services can sup- port the nation-states’ cyber surveillance, and how we can protect ourselves against it. We found that the most prominent way consists of collecting data from central points of communication, e.g. Internet and telecom providers. In some cases, it is necessary for the nation-state to perform targeted surveillance by installing surveillance software onto their suspects’ devices. The infor- mation they collect from centralized and targeted surveillance can lead to big data issues that relate to collecting, storing, and processing the massive amounts of data. A supplier can decide to help nation-states in their cyber surveillance, and by exploiting the trust we lay in the supplier it would result in that we would face a completely different threat landscape, where we find it difficult to protect our privacy and security. -
New Media in New China
NEW MEDIA IN NEW CHINA: AN ANALYSIS OF THE DEMOCRATIZING EFFECT OF THE INTERNET __________________ A University Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, East Bay __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Communication __________________ By Chaoya Sun June 2013 Copyright © 2013 by Chaoya Sun ii NEW MEOlA IN NEW CHINA: AN ANALYSIS OF THE DEMOCRATIlING EFFECT OF THE INTERNET By Chaoya Sun III Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 PART 1 NEW MEDIA PROMOTE DEMOCRACY ................................................... 9 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 9 THE COMMUNICATION THEORY OF HAROLD INNIS ........................................ 10 NEW MEDIA PUSH ON DEMOCRACY .................................................................... 13 Offering users the right to choose information freely ............................................... 13 Making free-thinking and free-speech available ....................................................... 14 Providing users more participatory rights ................................................................. 15 THE FUTURE OF DEMOCRACY IN THE CONTEXT OF NEW MEDIA ................ 16 PART 2 2008 IN RETROSPECT: FRAGILE CHINESE MEDIA UNDER THE SHADOW OF CHINA’S POLITICS ........................................................................... -
Tribunal Statement My Investigation Into Chinese Organ
Tribunal Statement My investigation into Chinese organ harvesting of prisoners of conscience was essentially an accident. I had been writing about Chinese Communist Party (CCP) surveillance of Falun Gong practitioners and other dissidents since 2002, around the time I left Beijing to finish Losing the New China (Encounter Books, 2004). By 2005, I was thinking about my next book and my experience on the ground told me that Falun Gong was the biggest issue in China. Yet there was a gap in the existing literature. Research by Falun Gong practitioners was emotionally charged, while published writing by self-proclaimed “objective” outsiders overcompensated with undue formality, bias against spirituality, or avoiding actual witness accounts in favor of formulaic original research. That partially explains why I maintained a degree of skepticism about the first public organ harvesting allegations from both the Epoch Times and the Kilgour- Matas report, Bloody Harvest in 2006. Yet I was firmly convinced that a comprehensive account of the conflict between the Chinese State and Falun Gong was long overdue, and I began a lengthy interview process to fill that gap. One of my very first interviews was in Toronto with three women who were fresh out of labor camp. Even in that early stage, I recognized that their stories were relatively routine – demonstrations at Tiananmen followed by capture, incarceration, and attempts to force practitioners to reject Falun Gong using torture, brainwashing, threats to the family, and humiliation. One of the women – call her Wang - was the least articulate but had a very appealing salt-of-the-earth quality. -
Human Rights in China and U.S. Policy: Issues for the 117Th Congress
Human Rights in China and U.S. Policy: Issues for the 117th Congress March 31, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46750 SUMMARY R46750 Human Rights in China and U.S. Policy: Issues March 31, 2021 for the 117th Congress Thomas Lum U.S. concern over human rights in China has been a central issue in U.S.-China relations, Specialist in Asian Affairs particularly since the Tiananmen crackdown in 1989. In recent years, human rights conditions in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) have deteriorated, while bilateral tensions related to trade Michael A. Weber and security have increased, possibly creating both constraints and opportunities for U.S. policy Analyst in Foreign Affairs on human rights. After consolidating power in 2013, Chinese Communist Party General Secretary and State President Xi Jinping intensified and expanded the reassertion of party control over society that began toward the end of the term of his predecessor, Hu Jintao. Since 2017, the government has enacted new laws that place further restrictions on civil society in the name of national security, authorize greater controls over minority and religious groups, and further constrain the freedoms of PRC citizens. Government methods of social and political control are evolving to include the widespread use of sophisticated surveillance and big data technologies. Arrests of human rights advocates and lawyers intensified in 2015, followed by party efforts to instill ideological conformity across various spheres of society. In 2016, President Xi launched a policy known as “Sinicization,” under which the government has taken additional measures to compel China’s religious practitioners and ethnic minorities to conform to Han Chinese culture, support China’s socialist system as defined by the Communist Party, abide by Communist Party policies, and reduce ethnic differences and foreign influences. -
China Human Rights Report 2009
臺灣民主基金會 Taiwan Foundation for Democracy 本出版品係由財團法人臺灣民主基金會負責出版。臺灣民主基金會是 一個獨立、非營利的機構,其宗旨在促進臺灣以及全球民主、人權的 研究與發展。臺灣民主基金會成立於二○○三年,是亞洲第一個國家 級民主基金會,未來基金會志在與其他民主國家合作,促進全球新一 波的民主化。 This is a publication of the Taiwan Foundation for Democracy (TFD). The TFD is an independent, non-profit foundation dedicated to the study and promotion of democracy and human rights in Taiwan and abroad. Founded in 2003, the TFD is the first democracy assistance foundation established in Asia. The Foundation is committed to the vision of working together with other democracies, to advance a new wave of democratization worldwide. 本報告由臺灣民主基金會負責出版,報告內容不代表本會意見。 版權所有,非經本會事先書面同意,不得翻印、轉載及翻譯。 This report is published by the Taiwan Foundation for Democracy. Statements of fact or opinion appearing in this report do not imply endorsement by the publisher. All rights reserved. No portion of the contents may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior written permission of the publisher. Taiwan Foundation for Democracy China Human Rights Report 2009 CONTENTS Foreword ....................................................................................................................i Chapter I: Preface ............................................................................................. 1 Chapter II: Social Rights .......................................................................... 25 Chapter III: Political Rights ................................................................... 39 Chapter IV: Judicial Rights ................................................................... -
WIC Template 13/9/16 11:52 Am Page IFC1
In a little over 35 years China’s economy has been transformed Week in China from an inefficient backwater to the second largest in the world. If you want to understand how that happened, you need to understand the people who helped reshape the Chinese business landscape. china’s tycoons China’s Tycoons is a book about highly successful Chinese profiles of entrepreneurs. In 150 easy-to- digest profiles, we tell their stories: where they came from, how they started, the big break that earned them their first millions, and why they came to dominate their industries and make billions. These are tales of entrepreneurship, risk-taking and hard work that differ greatly from anything you’ll top business have read before. 150 leaders fourth Edition Week in China “THIS IS STILL THE ASIAN CENTURY AND CHINA IS STILL THE KEY PLAYER.” Peter Wong – Deputy Chairman and Chief Executive, Asia-Pacific, HSBC Does your bank really understand China Growth? With over 150 years of on-the-ground experience, HSBC has the depth of knowledge and expertise to help your business realise the opportunity. Tap into China’s potential at www.hsbc.com/rmb Issued by HSBC Holdings plc. Cyan 611469_6006571 HSBC 280.00 x 170.00 mm Magenta Yellow HSBC RMB Press Ads 280.00 x 170.00 mm Black xpath_unresolved Tom Fryer 16/06/2016 18:41 [email protected] ${Market} ${Revision Number} 0 Title Page.qxp_Layout 1 13/9/16 6:36 pm Page 1 china’s tycoons profiles of 150top business leaders fourth Edition Week in China 0 Welcome Note.FIN.qxp_Layout 1 13/9/16 3:10 pm Page 2 Week in China China’s Tycoons Foreword By Stuart Gulliver, Group Chief Executive, HSBC Holdings alking around the streets of Chengdu on a balmy evening in the mid-1980s, it quickly became apparent that the people of this city had an energy and drive Wthat jarred with the West’s perception of work and life in China. -
Weibo's Role in Shaping Public Opinion and Political
Blekinge Institute of Technology School of Computing Department of Technology and Aesthetics WEIBO’S ROLE IN SHAPING PUBLIC OPINION AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN CHINA Shajin Chen 2014 BACHELOR THESIS B.S. in Digital Culture Supervisor: Maria Engberg Chen 1 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................2 2. INTERNET AND MICROBLOGGING IN CHINA ......................................................5 2.1 INTERNET, MEDIA AND POLITICAL LANDSCAPE IN CHINA: AN OVERVIEW .......................... 5 2.2 MICROBLOGGING AND CHINESE WEIBO .........................................................................7 2.3 SINA WEIBO: THE KING OF MICROBLOGGING IN CHINA ................................................... 8 3. DOMINANT FEATURES OF WEIBO IN SHAPING PUBLIC OPINION AND POLITICAL SPHERE ........................................................................................................10 3.1 INFORMATION DIFFUSION ............................................................................................11 3.2 OPINION LEADERS AND VERIFIED IDENTITY ..................................................................12 3.3 PLATFORM FOR FREE SPEECH, COLLECTIVE VOICE AND EXPOSURE ................................. 14 3.4 PARTICIPATION OF MASS MEDIA AND GOVERNMENT ......................................................15 4. CASE STUDIES ..............................................................................................................18 4.1 -
2016 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC 2016)
2016 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC 2016) Yinchuan, China 28-30 May 2016 Pages 1-625 IEEE Catalog Number: CFP1651D-POD ISBN: 978-1-4673-9715-5 1/11 Copyright © 2016 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc All Rights Reserved Copyright and Reprint Permissions: Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limit of U.S. copyright law for private use of patrons those articles in this volume that carry a code at the bottom of the first page, provided the per-copy fee indicated in the code is paid through Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For other copying, reprint or republication permission, write to IEEE Copyrights Manager, IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854. All rights reserved. ***This publication is a representation of what appears in the IEEE Digital Libraries. Some format issues inherent in the e-media version may also appear in this print version. IEEE Catalog Number: CFP1651D-POD ISBN (Print-On-Demand): 978-1-4673-9715-5 ISBN (Online): 978-1-4673-9714-8 ISSN: 1948-9439 Additional Copies of This Publication Are Available From: Curran Associates, Inc 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 USA Phone: (845) 758-0400 Fax: (845) 758-2633 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.proceedings.com Technical Papers Session SatA01: Adaptive Control (I) Date/Time Saturday, 28 May 2016 / 13:30-15:30 Venue Room 01 Chair Wei Wang, Beihang Univ. Co-Chair Shicong Dai, Beihang Univ. 13:30-13:50 SatA01-1 Neural-based adaptive output-feedback control for a class of nonlinear systems 1 Honghong Wang, Qingdao Univ. -
Amnesty International Report 2014/15 the State of the World's Human Rights
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL OF THE WORLD’S HUMAN RIGHTS THE STATE REPORT 2014/15 AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL REPORT 2014/15 THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S HUMAN RIGHTS The Amnesty International Report 2014/15 documents the state of human rights in 160 countries and territories during 2014. Some key events from 2013 are also reported. While 2014 saw violent conflict and the failure of many governments to safeguard the rights and safety of civilians, significant progress was also witnessed in the safeguarding and securing of certain human rights. Key anniversaries, including the commemoration of the Bhopal gas leak in 1984 and the Rwanda genocide in 1994, as well as reflections on 30 years since the adoption of the UN Convention against Torture, reminded us that while leaps forward have been made, there is still work to be done to ensure justice for victims and survivors of grave abuses. AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL This report also celebrates those who stand up REPORT 2014/15 for human rights across the world, often in difficult and dangerous circumstances. It represents Amnesty International’s key concerns throughout 2014/15 the world, and is essential reading for policy- THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S makers, activists and anyone with an interest in human rights. HUMAN RIGHTS Work with us at amnesty.org AIR_2014/15_cover_final.indd All Pages 23/01/2015 15:04 AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards.