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Diferencijacija Vrsta Crocus Alexandrii Ničić Ex Velen. I Crocuspallidus

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Diferencijacija Vrsta Crocus Alexandrii Ničić Ex Velen. I Crocuspallidus UNIVERZITET U NIŠU PRIRODNO-MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET NIŠ DEPARTMAN ZA BIOLOGIJU I EKOLOGIJU Jasmina J. Urošević Diferencijacija vrsta Crocus alexandrii Ničić ex Velen. i Crocus pallidus Kitann et Drenkovski u Srbiji na osnovu morfoloških osobina Master rad Niš, 2013 Univerzitet u Nišu Prirodno-matematički fakultet Departman za biologiju i ekologiju Diferencijacija vrsta Crocus alexandrii Ničić ex Velen. i Crocus pallidus Kitann et Drenkovski u Srbiji na osnovu morfoloških osobina Master rad Kandidat: Mentor: Jasmina J. Urošević Dr Vladimir Ranđelović Br.indeksa 3 Niš, 2013 Posebnu zahvalnost želim da uputim svom mentoru, prof. dr Vladimiru Ranđeloviću na izboru teme, na savetima i dragocenoj pomoći prilikom izrade master rada. Zahvaljujem se i prof. Novici Ranđeloviću na pruženom znanju i pomoći na terenu. Ovaj rad posvećujem svojim roditeljima i sestri s ljubavlju. Hvala vam što ste verovali u mene! Sadržaj 1. Uvod ................................................................................................................. 2 1.1. Taksonomske karakteristike roda Crocus L ................................................ 4 1.2. Biološke karakteristike i specifičnost roda ................................................. 6 1.3. Biogeografske i ekološke karakteristike roda Crocus L. .......................... 10 1.4. Istorijat istraživanja roda Crocus L ........................................................... 12 1.5. Cilj rada ..................................................................................................... 13 2. Materijal i metode rada .................................................................................. 14 3. Rezultati .......................................................................................................... 16 3.1. Opšte karakteristike, ekologija i rasprostranjenje Crocus pallidus Kitanov i Drenkovsky ....................................................................................................... 16 3.2. Opšte karakteristike, ekologija i rasprostranjenje Crocus alexandrii Ničić ex Velenovsky .................................................................................................... 21 4. Diskusija ......................................................................................................... 29 5. Zaključak ........................................................................................................ 36 6. Literatura ........................................................................................................ 37 Izvod .................................................................................................................. 40 Abstact ............................................................................................................... 41 Biografija kandidata .......................................................................................... 42 Прилог 5/1 ПРИРОДНO - MАТЕМАТИЧКИ ФАКУЛТЕТ НИШ КЉУЧНА ДОКУМЕНТАЦИЈСКА ИНФОРМАЦИЈА Редни број, РБР: Идентификациони број, ИБР: Тип документације, ТД: монографска Тип записа, ТЗ: текстуални / графички Врста рада, ВР: мастер рад Аутор, АУ: Јасмина Ј. Урошевић Ментор, МН: Владимир Ранђеловић Наслов рада, НР: Диференцијација врста Crocus alexandrii Ničić ex Velen. i Crocus pallidus Kitann et Drenkovski у Србији на основу морфолошких особина Језик публикације, ЈП: српски Језик извода, ЈИ: српски Земља публиковања, ЗП: Р. Србија Уже географско подручје, УГП: Р. Србија Година, ГО: 2013. Издавач, ИЗ: ауторски репринт Место и адреса, МА: Ниш, Вишеградска 33. Физички опис рада, ФО: 42 стр. ; 6 поглавља, 6 слика, 15 табела (поглавља/страна/ цитата/табела/слика/графика/прилога) Научна област, НО: биологија Научна дисциплина, НД: биологија Предметна одредница/Кључне речи, ПО: морфолошке карактеристике, распрострањење, Crocus pallidus, Crocus alexandrii УДК 581: 582. 579. 2 ”1982” (497. 11) Чува се, ЧУ: библиотека Важна напомена, ВН: Извод, ИЗ: У овом раду анализиране су мрфолошке разлике рода Crocus L. kоји обухвата врсте Crocus alexandrii Ničić ex Velen. i Crocus pallidus Kitann et Drenkovski Aнализиране су следеће oсобине: ширина гомоља, дужина цеви перигона, боја ждрела перигона, дужина спољашњих и унутрашњих сегмената перигона, присуство/отсуство шара на спољашњим сегментима перигона, дужина антера, oднос aнтера и жига тучка, дужина режњева жига тучка, ширина листова, број листова и број цвета. Подаци kojи су koришћени за морфометријска мерења за Crocus pallidus Kitanov i Drenkovsky прикупљени су на локалитетима Рујан планина и Косаничка Рача; Crocus alexandrii Ničić ex Velen. на локалитетима Пасјача, Бублица, Пржар-Врање, Селичевица-Видојевица. Анализом морфолошких kaрактеристика утврђено је да се оне углавном поклапају са подацима из литературе, мада постоје и извесна oдступања. Датум прихватања теме, ДП: Датум одбране, ДО: Чланови комисије, КО: Председник: Члан: Члан, ментор: Образац Q4.09.13 - Издање 1 Прилог 5/2 ПРИРОДНО - МАТЕМАТИЧКИ ФАКУЛТЕТ НИШ KEY WORDS DOCUMENTATION Accession number, ANO: Identification number, INO: Document type, DT: monograph Type of record, TR: textual / graphic Contents code, CC: Master thesis Author, AU: Jasmina J. Urošević Mentor, MN: Vladimir N. Ranđelović Title, TI: Differentiation of species Crocus alexandrii Ničić ex Velen. and Crocus pallidus Kitann et Drenkovski into the morphological characteristics in territory of Serbia Language of text, LT: Serbian Language of abstract, LA: English Country of publication, CP: Republic of Serbia Locality of publication, LP: Serbia Publication year, PY: 2013 Publisher, PB: author’s reprint Publication place, PP: Niš, Višegradska 33. Physical description, PD: 42 p. ; 6 chapters, 6 images, 15 tables (chapters/pages/ref./tables/pictures/graphs/appendixes) Scientific field, SF: biology Scientific discipline, SD: biology Subject/Key words, S/KW: morphological characters, distribution, Crocus pallidus, Crocus alexandrii UC 581: 582. 579. 2 ”1982” (497. 11) Holding data, HD: library Note, N: Abstract, AB: This paper analyzes the morphological differences of the genus Crocus L. which includes species Crocus pallidus Kitanov et Drenkovsky and Crocus alexandrii Ničić ex Velenovsky in Serbia. We analyzed the following characteristics: width of tubers, perigon barrel length, color pharynx perigon, length of external and internal segments perigon, presence / absence patterns in the outer segments perigon, anther length, anther relationship and trademark pistil pistil length lobes trademark, leaf width, number of leaves and number of flowers. The results were statistically analyzed, based on which differentiates taxa analyzed. Data used for the measurement of morphometric Crocus pallidus Kitanov i Drenkovsky were collected at the sites of Rujan planina and Kosanička Rača, for Crocus alexandrii Ničić ex Velenovsky at Pasjača, Bublica, Pržar-Vranje, Seličevica, and Sokolovica-Vidojevica. Analysis of morphological characteristics showed that they generally coincide with data from the literature, although there are some exceptions. Accepted by the Scientific Board on, ASB: Defended on, DE: Defended Board, DB: President: Member: Member, Mentor: Jasmina Urošević Diferencijacija vrsta Crocus alexandrii Ničić ex Velen. i C. pallidus Kitann et Drenkovski u Srbiji na osnovu morfoloških osobina 1.Uvod iljke roda Crocus L. ljudima su poznatije pod imenima šafran, kaćun, kaćunka, B kačunka, brnđuša. Sam naziv šafran potiče od arapske reči az-za'fran koja u prevodu znači „buti žut”, dok je rod dobio ime po grčkoj reči kroke ili krokos što znači „konac” jer su žigovi končasti (Stjepanović-Veseličić, 1976). Za ovu biljku se zna još od davnina i predstavlja simbol mudrosti i bogatstva, pa je u Mesopotamiji šafran veličan još pre pet hiljada godina. Njegovo poreklo nije precizno utvrđeno, jer se spominju različite zemlje Mediterana i Azije, počevši od stare Grčke, Krita, Irana. Šafran je biljka iz porodice perunika (Iridaceae), višegodišnja je i zeljasta, visine od 10 do 20 cm. Ima okruglasti gomolj nalik na lukovicu iz kojeg u rano proleće izbijaju uski, linearni listovi celovitog ruba i jedan (ili više) gotovo prizemni, levkasti, zrakasto simetrični (aktinomorfni) cvetovi. Cvet se sastoji od šest jednakih listića (perigon) pri dnu sraslih u dugačku cev. Boja cveta je jako varijabilna, tako da srećemo primerke sa belom, žutom, ljubičastom bojom cveta ali često i kombinaciju nekih od ovih boja. Plod je čaura, u kojoj se nalazi dosta semenki. Šafran raste u listopadnim, mešovitim šumama ali najčešće ga nalazimo na livadama i čistinama gde ima dovoljno sunca, od brdskih do planinskih predela. Šafran je biljka koja ima široku primenu. Ranije, u istočnjačkim zemljama gajila se posebna vrsta kultivisanog šafrana, iz čijih se žigova dobijala visoko kvalitetna boja za farbanje skupih stvari i predmeta (za freske, za persijske ćilime, za najfiniji porcelan). Jedan kilogram šafranove boje može da u žuto intenzivno oboji tri miliona litara vode. U zapadnjačkoj tradiciji, šafran je posvećen kultu svetog Valentina, zaštitnika ljubavi i zaljubljenih. Legenda kaže da su svetom Valentinu, dok je tamnovao, devojke kroz prozor ćelije ubacivale cvetove šafrana. Biljka cveta u vreme kad se praznuje ovaj svetac, pa posvećenost ovog cveta zaštitniku zaljubljenih ima nedvosmislenu i lepu simboliku; šafran se budi iznenada i odjednom, po hladnom vremenu i u studenom predelu a blista lepotom dok je sve oko njega još umrtvljeno i sivo (http://goo.gl/EOgya). U narodnoj medicini se jako često upotrebljavan jer pomaže kod anksioznosti i depresije, ima antikancerogena
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