An Army with a Country
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Stephen Philip Cohen the Idea Of
00 1502-1 frontmatter 8/25/04 3:17 PM Page iii the idea of pakistan stephen philip cohen brookings institution press washington, d.c. 00 1502-1 frontmatter 8/25/04 3:17 PM Page v CONTENTS Preface vii Introduction 1 one The Idea of Pakistan 15 two The State of Pakistan 39 three The Army’s Pakistan 97 four Political Pakistan 131 five Islamic Pakistan 161 six Regionalism and Separatism 201 seven Demographic, Educational, and Economic Prospects 231 eight Pakistan’s Futures 267 nine American Options 301 Notes 329 Index 369 00 1502-1 frontmatter 8/25/04 3:17 PM Page vi vi Contents MAPS Pakistan in 2004 xii The Subcontinent on the Eve of Islam, and Early Arab Inroads, 700–975 14 The Ghurid and Mamluk Dynasties, 1170–1290 and the Delhi Sultanate under the Khaljis and Tughluqs, 1290–1390 17 The Mughal Empire, 1556–1707 19 Choudhary Ramat Ali’s 1940 Plan for Pakistan 27 Pakistan in 1947 40 Pakistan in 1972 76 Languages of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Northwest India 209 Pakistan in Its Larger Regional Setting 300 01 1502-1 intro 8/25/04 3:18 PM Page 1 Introduction In recent years Pakistan has become a strategically impor- tant state, both criticized as a rogue power and praised as being on the front line in the ill-named war on terrorism. The final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States iden- tifies Pakistan, along with Afghanistan and Saudi Arabia, as a high- priority state. This is not a new development. -
Askari Bank Limited List of Shareholders (W/Out Cnic) As of December 31, 2017
ASKARI BANK LIMITED LIST OF SHAREHOLDERS (W/OUT CNIC) AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2017 S. NO. FOLIO NO. NAME OF SHAREHOLDERS ADDRESSES OF THE SHAREHOLDERS NO. OF SHARES 1 9 MR. MOHAMMAD SAEED KHAN 65, SCHOOL ROAD, F-7/4, ISLAMABAD. 336 2 10 MR. SHAHID HAFIZ AZMI 17/1 6TH GIZRI LANE, DEFENCE HOUSING AUTHORITY, PHASE-4, KARACHI. 3280 3 15 MR. SALEEM MIAN 344/7, ROSHAN MANSION, THATHAI COMPOUND, M.A. JINNAH ROAD, KARACHI. 439 4 21 MS. HINA SHEHZAD C/O MUHAMMAD ASIF THE BUREWALA TEXTILE MILLS LTD 1ST FLOOR, DAWOOD CENTRE, M.T. KHAN ROAD, P.O. 10426, KARACHI. 470 5 42 MR. M. RAFIQUE B.R.1/27, 1ST FLOOR, JAFFRY CHOWK, KHARADHAR, KARACHI. 9382 6 49 MR. JAN MOHAMMED H.NO. M.B.6-1728/733, RASHIDABAD, BILDIA TOWN, MAHAJIR CAMP, KARACHI. 557 7 55 MR. RAFIQ UR REHMAN PSIB PRIVATE LIMITED, 17-B, PAK CHAMBERS, WEST WHARF ROAD, KARACHI. 305 8 57 MR. MUHAMMAD SHUAIB AKHUNZADA 262, SHAMI ROAD, PESHAWAR CANTT. 1919 9 64 MR. TAUHEED JAN ROOM NO.435, BLOCK-A, PAK SECRETARIAT, ISLAMABAD. 8530 10 66 MS. NAUREEN FAROOQ KHAN 90, MARGALA ROAD, F-8/2, ISLAMABAD. 5945 11 67 MR. ERSHAD AHMED JAN C/O BANK OF AMERICA, BLUE AREA, ISLAMABAD. 2878 12 68 MR. WASEEM AHMED HOUSE NO.485, STREET NO.17, CHAKLALA SCHEME-III, RAWALPINDI. 5945 13 71 MS. SHAMEEM QUAVI SIDDIQUI 112/1, 13TH STREET, PHASE-VI, DEFENCE HOUSING AUTHORITY, KARACHI-75500. 2695 14 74 MS. YAZDANI BEGUM HOUSE NO.A-75, BLOCK-13, GULSHAN-E-IQBAL, KARACHI. -
Pakistan's Institutions
Pakistan’s Institutions: Pakistan’s Pakistan’s Institutions: We Know They Matter, But How Can They We Know They Matter, But How Can They Work Better? Work They But How Can Matter, They Know We Work Better? Edited by Michael Kugelman and Ishrat Husain Pakistan’s Institutions: We Know They Matter, But How Can They Work Better? Edited by Michael Kugelman Ishrat Husain Pakistan’s Institutions: We Know They Matter, But How Can They Work Better? Essays by Madiha Afzal Ishrat Husain Waris Husain Adnan Q. Khan, Asim I. Khwaja, and Tiffany M. Simon Michael Kugelman Mehmood Mandviwalla Ahmed Bilal Mehboob Umar Saif Edited by Michael Kugelman Ishrat Husain ©2018 The Wilson Center www.wilsoncenter.org This publication marks a collaborative effort between the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars’ Asia Program and the Fellowship Fund for Pakistan. www.wilsoncenter.org/program/asia-program fffp.org.pk Asia Program Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars One Woodrow Wilson Plaza 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20004-3027 Cover: Parliament House Islamic Republic of Pakistan, © danishkhan, iStock THE WILSON CENTER, chartered by Congress as the official memorial to President Woodrow Wilson, is the nation’s key nonpartisan policy forum for tackling global issues through independent research and open dialogue to inform actionable ideas for Congress, the Administration, and the broader policy community. Conclusions or opinions expressed in Center publications and programs are those of the authors and speakers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Center staff, fellows, trustees, advisory groups, or any individuals or organizations that provide financial support to the Center. -
Pakistan's Military Elite Paul Staniland University of Chicago Paul
Pakistan’s Military Elite Paul Staniland University of Chicago [email protected] Adnan Naseemullah King’s College London [email protected] Ahsan Butt George Mason University [email protected] DRAFT December 2017 Abstract: Pakistan’s Army is a very politically important organization. Yet its opacity has hindered academic research. We use open sources to construct unique new data on the backgrounds, careers, and post-retirement activities of post-1971 Corps Commanders and Directors-General of Inter-Services Intelligence. We provide evidence of bureaucratic predictability and professionalism while officers are in service. After retirement, we show little involvement in electoral politics but extensive involvement in military-linked corporations, state employment, and other positions of influence. This combination provides Pakistan’s military with an unusual blend of professional discipline internally and political power externally - even when not directly holding power. Acknowledgments: Michael Albertus, Jason Brownlee, Christopher Clary, Hamid Hussain, Sana Jaffrey, Mashail Malik, Asfandyar Mir, Vipin Narang, Dan Slater, and seminar participants at the University of Texas at Austin have provided valuable advice and feedback. Extraordinary research assistance was provided by Yusuf al-Jarani and Eyal Hanfling. 2 This paper examines the inner workings of Pakistan’s army, an organization central to questions of local, regional, and global stability. We investigate the organizational politics of the Pakistan Army using unique individual-level -
King's Research Portal
King’s Research Portal DOI: 10.1080/01402390.2018.1497487 Document Version Peer reviewed version Link to publication record in King's Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Staniland, P., Naseemullah, A., & Butt, A. (2020). Pakistan’s military elite. Journal of Strategic Studies, 43(1), 74-103. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2018.1497487 Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognize and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. •Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. •You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain •You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the Research Portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. -
Pakistan's Army
Pakistan’s Army: New Chief, traditional institutional interests Introduction A year after speculation about the names of those in the race for selection as the new Army Chief of Pakistan began, General Qamar Bajwa eventually took charge as Pakistan's 16th Chief of Army Staff on 29th of November 2016, succeeding General Raheel Sharif. Ordinarily, such appointments in the defence services of countries do not generate much attention, but the opposite holds true for Pakistan. Why this is so is evident from the popular aphorism, "while every country has an army, the Pakistani Army has a country". In Pakistan, the army has a history of overshadowing political landscape - the democratically elected civilian government in reality has very limited authority or control over critical matters of national importance such as foreign policy and security. A historical background The military in Pakistan is not merely a human resource to guard the country against the enemy but has political wallop and opinions. To know more about the power that the army enjoys in Pakistan, it is necessary to examine the times when Pakistan came into existence in 1947. In 1947, both India and Pakistan were carved out of the British Empire. India became a democracy whereas Pakistan witnessed several military rulers and still continues to suffer from a severe civil- military imbalance even after 70 years of its birth. During India’s war of Independence, the British primarily recruited people from the Northwest of undivided India which post partition became Pakistan. It is noteworthy that the majority of the people recruited in the Pakistan Army during that period were from the Punjab martial races. -
Pakistan Courting the Abyss by Tilak Devasher
PAKISTAN Courting the Abyss TILAK DEVASHER To the memory of my mother Late Smt Kantaa Devasher, my father Late Air Vice Marshal C.G. Devasher PVSM, AVSM, and my brother Late Shri Vijay (‘Duke’) Devasher, IAS ‘Press on… Regardless’ Contents Preface Introduction I The Foundations 1 The Pakistan Movement 2 The Legacy II The Building Blocks 3 A Question of Identity and Ideology 4 The Provincial Dilemma III The Framework 5 The Army Has a Nation 6 Civil–Military Relations IV The Superstructure 7 Islamization and Growth of Sectarianism 8 Madrasas 9 Terrorism V The WEEP Analysis 10 Water: Running Dry 11 Education: An Emergency 12 Economy: Structural Weaknesses 13 Population: Reaping the Dividend VI Windows to the World 14 India: The Quest for Parity 15 Afghanistan: The Quest for Domination 16 China: The Quest for Succour 17 The United States: The Quest for Dependence VII Looking Inwards 18 Looking Inwards Conclusion Notes Index About the Book About the Author Copyright Preface Y fascination with Pakistan is not because I belong to a Partition family (though my wife’s family Mdoes); it is not even because of being a Punjabi. My interest in Pakistan was first aroused when, as a child, I used to hear stories from my late father, an air force officer, about two Pakistan air force officers. In undivided India they had been his flight commanders in the Royal Indian Air Force. They and my father had fought in World War II together, flying Hurricanes and Spitfires over Burma and also after the war. Both these officers later went on to head the Pakistan Air Force. -
Freedom of Religion & Religious Minorities in Pakistan: a Study Of
Fordham International Law Journal Volume 19, Issue 1 1995 Article 5 Freedom of Religion & Religious Minorities in Pakistan: A Study of Judicial Practice Tayyab Mahmud∗ ∗ Copyright c 1995 by the authors. Fordham International Law Journal is produced by The Berke- ley Electronic Press (bepress). http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ilj Freedom of Religion & Religious Minorities in Pakistan: A Study of Judicial Practice Tayyab Mahmud Abstract Pakistan’s successive constitutions, which enumerate guaranteed fundamental rights and pro- vide for the separation of state power and judicial review, contemplate judicial protection of vul- nerable sections of society against unlawful executive and legislative actions. This Article focuses upon the remarkably divergent pronouncements of Pakistan’s judiciary regarding the religious status and freedom of religion of one particular religious minority, the Ahmadis. The superior judiciary of Pakistan has visited the issue of religious freedom for the Ahmadis repeatedly since the establishment of the State, each time with a different result. The point of departure for this ex- amination is furnished by the recent pronouncement of the Supreme Court of Pakistan (”Supreme Court” or “Court”) in Zaheeruddin v. State,’ wherein the Court decided that Ordinance XX of 1984 (”Ordinance XX” or ”Ordinance”), which amended Pakistan’s Penal Code to make the public prac- tice by the Ahmadis of their religion a crime, does not violate freedom of religion as mandated by the Pakistan Constitution. This Article argues that Zaheeruddin is at an impermissible variance with the implied covenant of freedom of religion between religious minorities and the Founding Fathers of Pakistan, the foundational constitutional jurisprudence of the country, and the dictates of international human rights law. -
18-12-2018.Pdf
SUPREME COURT OF PAKISTAN AND PRIME MINISTER OF PAKISTAN'S DIAMER BHASHA AND MOHMAND DAM FUND ACCOUNT LIST OF DONOR FOR 19 DEC-18 RECEIPT Bank Depositor Name Amount AL BARAKA BANK (PAKISTAN) LTD MUHAMMAD FAROOQ 200 AL BARAKA BANK (PAKISTAN) LTD Total 200 Allied Bank Limited JAVID AHMED 100,000 Allied Bank Limited TARIQ 50,000 Allied Bank Limited MNA FARRUKH KHAN 50,000 Allied Bank Limited GHULAM MUHAMMAD 35,000 Allied Bank Limited KHALIDA MEMON 30,000 Allied Bank Limited AASIM 25,000 Allied Bank Limited IMRAN 20,000 Allied Bank Limited AHSAN MEHMOOD CHUGHTAI 20,000 Allied Bank Limited QASWAR AZAM 20,000 Allied Bank Limited NADIA IQBAL DAR 20,000 Allied Bank Limited MIRZA ADEED ALI BAIG 20,000 Allied Bank Limited SHAHRYAR 15,000 Allied Bank Limited SAADSHARIF 13,180 Allied Bank Limited muhammad ud din 13,000 Allied Bank Limited RASHID 11,000 Allied Bank Limited AMIR USMAN 10,000 Allied Bank Limited M IMRAN 10,000 Allied Bank Limited ABDUL HAMEED KHAN 10,000 Allied Bank Limited SAHIR MEHMOOD 9,200 Allied Bank Limited MUHAMMAD AYAZ 6,500 Allied Bank Limited KALIM BIN RAFIQUE 6,000 Allied Bank Limited MUHAMMAD ASGHAR 5,000 Allied Bank Limited adnan 5,000 Allied Bank Limited TOBA MALIK 5,000 Allied Bank Limited MUNAWARSULTANA 5,000 Allied Bank Limited ASHRAF ALI 5,000 Allied Bank Limited BILAL 3,500 Allied Bank Limited ABDUL GHAFOOR 3,000 Allied Bank Limited SHAHIDHUSSAINQURESHI 3,000 Allied Bank Limited SAEEDA NASREEN 3,000 Allied Bank Limited ANSAR MEHMOOOD 2,000 Allied Bank Limited AFTAB SAB 2,000 Allied Bank Limited IDRESS 2,000 Allied -
Study of Military Oligarchy
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1969 Study of military oligarchy Richard Francis Murphy The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Murphy, Richard Francis, "Study of military oligarchy" (1969). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5232. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5232 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A STUDY OF A' IGLlflSf OlIO ARC .BY w Elctuurd T0 Mmphf S«3 »» Btighm Yeung Mtmmity, 1965 FreMMfeed la fartiai fulflllmnt «f the r«9«lr®»emts for the degree of Master of Arts w i f i s s i f f o f m m A M 1 9 6 9 Approved by: O ij& iniA | Baat'ci o f lxaaio.ora Goafe* aradtfatft' seheol ^ 4£4t£ UMI Number: EP40696 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. DiMNxtatkm PUNisNng UMI EP40696 Published by ProQuest LLC (2014). -
Use of Theses
Australian National University THESES SIS/LIBRARY TELEPHONE: +61 2 6125 4631 R.G. MENZIES LIBRARY BUILDING NO:2 FACSIMILE: +61 2 6125 4063 THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY EMAIL: [email protected] CANBERRA ACT 0200 AUSTRALIA USE OF THESES This copy is supplied for purposes of private study and research only. Passages from the thesis may not be copied or closely paraphrased without the written consent of the author. THE MILITARY AND FOREIGN POLICY IN PAKISTAN: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PAKISTAN-SOVIET RELATIONS 1947-1971 Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the Australian National University Samina Ahmed June 1988 This thesis is my own original work s l m - J i 'A l i K /V u - d SAMINA AHMED (i) ACKNQWLECXSEMENTS I wish to express my thanks to the Department of Political Science for having provided me the opportunity of working on the thesis. I am especially indebted to Mr G. Jukes for his critical comments and his valuable advice on draft after draft of the thesis. I am very grateful for his assistance and support throughout the course of my work. I would also like to thank Mr J. Richardson and Dr T. Smith for their useful comments on various drafts of the thesis. Finally, I wish to express my gratitude to my family and to friends and colleagues, both in Pakistan and Australia, for their support and encouragement. PRECIS The thesis is a study of the role of the Pakistan military in foreign policy, with particular emphasis on the linkages between defence and foreign policy, using relations with the Soviet Union to demonstrate the extent to which the military has dominated Pakistan's external directions from independence in 1947 to the country’s dismemberment in 1971. -
Determinants of Pakistan's Foreign Policy with Respect to Russia's Past
Global Political Review (GPR) Vol. III, No. I (Spring 2018) | Pages: 76 – 84 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2018(III-I).08 DOI: 10.31703/gpr.2018(III-I).08 Determinants of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy with Respect to Russia’s Past, Present and Future Jazib Mumtaz* Muhammad Ramzan† Saima Gul‡ • p- ISSN: 2520-0348 Pakistan and Russia have a history of divergence and • e-ISSN: 2707-4587 Abstract ambiguity in their foreign policies. Since Independence • ISSN-L: 2520-0348 Pakistan’s policy towards Russia remained complex and contradictory. Historically there were highs and lows in their relationship, but Headings uncertainty prevails in their approaches. This was due to Pakistan’s • Abstract western inclination and Russia’s pro-India alliance. However, the • Introduction relationship was revitalized in the last 2 decades as both states see • Theoretical Framework • Realism strategic interest in improving the relationship. Russia has started to exert • Ideology itself as a superpower in the current geopolitics whereas Pakistan has also • Constructivism managed to improve its status as a regional player with respect to • Liberalism geostrategic location, its proximity to hot waters and its role in • Constructivism Afghanistan. However, Pakistan’s foreign policy realignment took 50 • Literature Review years to adjust to improve the Pak-Russia relationship. One needs to • Methodology assess the determinants of Pakistan’s foreign policy with respect to Russia • Pakistan Russian Relationship in with historical contradictions and current reality. Historical perspective • Conclusion • References Key Words: Foreign Policy, Realism, Institutionalism, Liberalism, Constructivism Introduction Foreign policy can be defined as one of the tools to operate the process of international politics.