Southwestern Region 3
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NAMES, BOUNDARIES, AND MAPS: A RESOURCE FOR THE HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM OF THE UNITED STATES THE SOUTHWESTERN REGION (Region Three) By Peter L. Stark Brief excerpts of copyright material found herein may, under certain circumstances, be quoted verbatim for purposes such as criticism, news reporting, education, and research, without the need for permission from or payment to the copyright holder under 17 U.S.C § 107 of the United States copyright law. Copyright holder does ask that you reference the title of the essay and my name as the author in the event others may need to reach me for clarification, with questions, or to use more extensive portions of my reference work. Also, please contact me if you find any errors or have a map that has not been included in the cartobibliography. 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In the process of compiling this work, I have met many dedicated cartographers, Forest Service staff, academic and public librarians, archivists, and entrepreneurs. I am indebted to long-time map librarians Janet Collins, Donna Koepp, and Stanley Stevens for their early encouragement and consistent support of this project. In the fall of 2013, I was awarded a fellowship by The Pinchot Institute for Conservation and the Grey Towers National Historic Site. The Scholar in Residence program of the Grey Towers Heritage Association allowed me time to write and edit this work in an office in Gifford Pinchot’s ancestral home. I remain deeply grateful for this opportunity and must thank Lincoln Bramwell, Forest Service historian, for encouraging me to apply. These acknowledgments would not be complete if I did mention my indebtedness to the Library of Congress, my employer since 1999 and the gracious support of this project by my supervisor, Beacher Wiggins. The creation of reference works either takes many hands or many years or both. In this case, it has been both. The librarians and professional staff of the following institutions have lent their time and patience in the furtherance of this project. Ultimately, however, I alone am responsible for any errors or omissions. Library of Congress Oregon State University National Archives University of Washington National Agriculture Library University of Wisconsin, Univ. of University of Arizona Wisconsin Libraries, American University of California, Berkeley Geographical Society Library University of California, Irvine Grey Towers Heritage Association Stanford University, Branner Earth U.S. Forest Service, Grey Towers National Sciences Library, California Historic Site Colorado School of Mines U.S. Forest Service, Washington Office, University of Idaho Lands Staff University of Maryland, College Park U.S. Forest Service, Region One, Missoula, University of Michigan Montana University of Montana U.S. Geological Survey Library, Reston, Montana Historical Society Virginia University of New Mexico U.S. Geological Survey Library, Denver, University of Oregon Colorado It is the author’s hope that this work on the historic geography of the National Forest System will broaden the user’s understanding of the slow but deliberate ways in which the System came into being and was enlarged and modified over the decades to meet changing circumstances, policies, and needs of the American people. It is also hoped that this work will deepen the user’s appreciation of the System as it exists today by seeing that its growth and development has been far from arbitrary and accidental, but instead the product of many careful hands and thoughtful minds over many decades. Finally, the hope is that it will encourage the user to investigate more thoroughly the unanswered questions that arise from consulting this work, thereby enlarging the body of research and scholarship on this remarkable legacy of American conservation. January 2020 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………………………….……………….2 I. Southwestern Region as an Administrative Area of the U.S. Forest Service in Maps…………..…………... 5 II. Administrative History of the Southwestern Region…………………………………………………………. 9 A. Initial Establishment of the Forest Reserves, 1891 to 1907, the Southwestern Region………………....10 B. The Remarkable Reorganization of 1907/1909………………………………………………………... 11 C. Transfer (1909) and Restoration (1912) of Indian Reservation Lands in the Southwestern Region…… 13 D. Forest Consolidations, “…for the Economy of Administration”…………………………………….… 14 E. Wilderness Areas in the Southwestern Region…………………………………………………………..20 F. National Grasslands in the Southwestern Region………………………………………………............. 23 G. Purchase Units and the Land and Water Conservation Fund Acquisitions under the National Forest Reservation Commission in the Southwestern Region………………………………………….. 26 H. Modern Administrative Combinations………………………………………………………………….. 27 III. Chronological Listing of Laws and Regulations Affecting the Administrative History of the National Forest System………………………………………………………………………………….. 29 IV. The Mapping of the Southwestern Region…………….………………………...……..……………….......... 38 A. Folios and administrative maps, the early years………………………………………………………… 39 B. Forest Visitor Maps………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 41 C. Post-War Mapping…………………………………………………………………………………......... 49 D. The Cartobibliography, Citation Key, and Index to Cartographers……………………………………... 52 V. Maps of the Region Maps of the Region as a Whole……………..……...….…………………………………………................ 57 VI. U. S. General Land Office State Maps, 1891-1944 – Southwestern Region..…............................................... 60 VII. Administrative History and Mapping of Individual Forests Alamo National Forest, New Mexico, 1908-1917 …….……...………………….……………........ 63 Apache National Forest, Arizona-New Mexico, 1908-Present…………………………..……… 65 Baboquivari Forest Reserve & National Forest, Arizona, 1906-1908.……………………...……… 74 Big Burros Forest Reserve & National Forest, New Mexico, 1907-1908………………….……….. 75 Black Mesa Forest Reserve & National Forest, Arizona, 1898-1908……...……………………….. 75 Carson National Forest, New Mexico, 1908-Present……………….……………………………. 77 Chiricahua Forest Reserve & National Forest, Arizona-New Mexico, 1902-1917……..…..………. 88 Cibola National Forest, & Grasslands, New Mexico-Oklahoma-Texas, 1931-Present……….......89 Coconino National Forest, Arizona, 1908-Present………………………………………………. 98 Coronado Forest National Forest, Arizona-New Mexico, 1908-Present……………………...... 109 Crook National Forest, Arizona, 1908-1953………………………………....……………………... 122 Datil National Forest, New Mexico, 1908-1931……………………………….…………………….128 *Dixie Forest Reserve & National Forest, Utah-Nevada-Arizona, 1905 (to 1924)………………… 133 Dragoon National Forest, Arizona, 1907-1908..……………………………………………………. 138 Gallinas Forest Reserve & National Forest, New Mexico, 1906-1908…………..…………………. 139 Garces National Forest, Arizona, 1908-1911……………………………………………………….. 140 Gila River Forest Reserve, New Mexico, 1899-1905………...……………………………………...142 Gila Forest Reserve & National Forest, New Mexico, 1905-Present…………………………….143 Grand Cañon Forest Reserve, Arizona, 1893-1906…………………………...…………………….. 155 Grand Canyon Forest Reserve & National Forest, Arizona 1906-1908…….....……………………. 156 Guadalupe National Forest, New Mexico, 1907-1908………………………………..……….……. 158 *Dixie National Forest part of the Intermountain Region but included here due to its land holdings in Arizona up to 1924. 3 VII. Administrative History and Mapping of Individual Forests, continued Huachuca Forest Reserve & National Forest, Arizona, 1906-1908…….….……………………….. 158 Jemez Forest Reserve & National Forest, New Mexico, 1905-1915………………….……………. 159 Kaibab National Forest, Arizona, 1908-Present………………………….……………………… 162 Lincoln Forest Reserve & National Forest, New Mexico, 1902-Present………………………... 170 Magdalena Forest Reserve & National Forest, New Mexico, 1906-1909…………………………... 180 Manzano Forest Reserve & National Forest, New Mexico-Arizona, 1906-1931……...…………… 181 Mount Graham Forest Reserve & National Forest, Arizona, 1902-1908 …………....……………... 186 Mount Taylor Forest Reserve & National Forest, New Mexico, 1906-1908……..………………… 188 Pecos River Forest Reserve & National Forest, New Mexico, 1892-1908………………………..... 188 Pecos National Forest, New Mexico, 1908-1915………………………….………..………………. 190 Peloncillo Forest Reserve & National Forest, New Mexico, 1906-1908…………………….……... 191 Pinal Mountains Forest Reserve & National Forest, Arizona, 1905-1908……………….…………... 192 Portales Forest Reserve & National Forest, New Mexico, 1905-1907…....………………………... 193 Prescott Forest Reserve & National Forest, Arizona, 1898-Present…………….……………… 194 Sacramento National Forest, New Mexico, 1907-1908……………………………...……………... 204 San Francisco Mountains Forest Reserves, Arizona, 1898-1908……………....…………………… 205 San Mateo Forest Reserve & National Forest, New Mexico, 1906-1908….………………………. 207 Santa Catalina Forest Reserve & National Forest, Arizona, 1902-1908……………………………. 207 Santa Fe National Forest, New Mexico, 1915-Present……………………….………………….. 208 Santa Rita Forest Reserve & National Forest, Arizona, 1902-1908…………...……………………. 219 Sitgreaves National Forest, Arizona, 1908-Present…………… .………………………….......... 220 Taos Forest Reserve & National Forest, New Mexico, 1906-1908…………………………………. 227 Tonto Forest Reserve & National Forest, Arizona, 1905-Present…………………….………… 229 Tumacacori Forest Reserve & National Forest, Arizona, 1906-1908………………………………. 240 Tusayan National Forest, Arizona, 1910-1934……………………………………………………… 240 Verde National Forest, Arizona, 1907-1908………………………………………………………... 243