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The Revelstoke Dam: a Case Study of the Selection, Licensing and Implementation of a Large Scale Hydroelectric Project in British Columbia
THE REVELSTOKE DAM: A CASE STUDY OF THE SELECTION, LICENSING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A LARGE SCALE HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT IN BRITISH COLUMBIA By HEIDI ERIKA MISSLER B.A., The University of British Columbia, 1984 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS i n THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Geography) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA September 1988 QHeidi Erika Missler, 1988 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department The University of British Columbia 1956 Main Mall Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Y3 Date DE-6G/81) ABSTRACT Procedures for the selection, licensing and implementation of large scale energy projects must evolve with the escalating complexity of such projects and. the changing public value system. Government appeared unresponsive to rapidly changing conditions in the 1960s and 1970s. Consequently, approval of major hydroelectric development projects in British Columbia under the Water Act became increasingly more contentious. This led, in 1980, to the introduction of new procedures—the Energy Project Review Process (EPRP)— under the B.C. Utilities Commission Act. -
Columbia River Treaty History and 2014/2024 Review
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers • Bonneville Power Administration Columbia River Treaty History and 2014/2024 Review 1 he Columbia River Treaty History of the Treaty T between the United States and The Columbia River, the fourth largest river on the continent as measured by average annual fl ow, Canada has served as a model of generates more power than any other river in North America. While its headwaters originate in British international cooperation since 1964, Columbia, only about 15 percent of the 259,500 square miles of the Columbia River Basin is actually bringing signifi cant fl ood control and located in Canada. Yet the Canadian waters account for about 38 percent of the average annual volume, power generation benefi ts to both and up to 50 percent of the peak fl ood waters, that fl ow by The Dalles Dam on the Columbia River countries. Either Canada or the United between Oregon and Washington. In the 1940s, offi cials from the United States and States can terminate most of the Canada began a long process to seek a joint solution to the fl ooding caused by the unregulated Columbia provisions of the Treaty any time on or River and to the postwar demand for greater energy resources. That effort culminated in the Columbia River after Sept.16, 2024, with a minimum Treaty, an international agreement between Canada and the United States for the cooperative development 10 years’ written advance notice. The of water resources regulation in the upper Columbia River U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Basin. -
Dams and Hydroelectricity in the Columbia
COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN: DAMS AND HYDROELECTRICITY The power of falling water can be converted to hydroelectricity A Powerful River Major mountain ranges and large volumes of river flows into the Pacific—make the Columbia precipitation are the foundation for the Columbia one of the most powerful rivers in North America. River Basin. The large volumes of annual runoff, The entire Columbia River on both sides of combined with changes in elevation—from the the border is one of the most hydroelectrically river’s headwaters at Canal Flats in BC’s Rocky developed river systems in the world, with more Mountain Trench, to Astoria, Oregon, where the than 470 dams on the main stem and tributaries. Two Countries: One River Changing Water Levels Most dams on the Columbia River system were built between Deciding how to release and store water in the Canadian the 1940s and 1980s. They are part of a coordinated water Columbia River system is a complex process. Decision-makers management system guided by the 1964 Columbia River Treaty must balance obligations under the CRT (flood control and (CRT) between Canada and the United States. The CRT: power generation) with regional and provincial concerns such as ecosystems, recreation and cultural values. 1. coordinates flood control 2. optimizes hydroelectricity generation on both sides of the STORING AND RELEASING WATER border. The ability to store water in reservoirs behind dams means water can be released when it’s needed for fisheries, flood control, hydroelectricity, irrigation, recreation and transportation. Managing the River Releasing water to meet these needs influences water levels throughout the year and explains why water levels The Columbia River system includes creeks, glaciers, lakes, change frequently. -
Revelstoke Generating Station Unit 6 Project Factsheet-December 2018
Revelstoke Generating Station Unit 6 Project Factsheet-December 2018 This project would install a sixth generating unit into an empty four units were installed when the facility was constructed. bay at Revelstoke Generating Station. Revelstoke Unit 6 would The fifth generating unit was recently added and began add approximately 500 megawatts of capacity to our system service in 2010. and provide a significant amount of electricity when our Revelstoke Generating Station produces, on average, about customers need it most – during dark cold winter days 7,817 gigawatt hours or roughly 15 per cent of the electricity when furnaces, appliances and lights are all in use. BC Hydro generates each year. With the five generating units, Revelstoke Generating Station has a combined capacity of REVELSTOKE DAM AND GENERATING STATION 2,480 megawatts. Electricity generated by the plant is Revelstoke Dam and Generating Station are located on the delivered to the grid by two parallel 500 kilovolt transmission Columbia River, 5 kilometers upstream from the City of lines that run from Revelstoke Generating Station to the Revelstoke. The facilities are part of our Columbia system Ashton Creek substation near Kamloops. with Revelstoke Reservoir and Mica Dam located upstream and the Hugh L. Keenleyside Dam and Arrow Lakes Reservoir downstream. The Revelstoke Generating Station, completed in 1984, was designed to hold six generating units but only Project Timing We do not have a timeline for construction. Revelstoke 6 is an important contingency project in case demand grows faster than we expect. 1 Revelstoke Revelstoke Dam Reservoir Hwy 23 BRITISH COLUMBIA Hwy 1 Hwy 1 Hwy 23 Revelstoke Revelstoke Generating Station PROJECT BENEFITS AND OPPORTUNITIES The work to install the sixth generating unit at Revelstoke Generating Station would be very similar to the Revelstoke ○ Jobs . -
Bennett's Dam Projects – Power to the Lower Mainland
CHAPTER 7 – Bennett's Dam Projects – Power to the Lower Mainland DURING THE 1960s British Columbia undertook what remains the greatest building project in its history, dwarfing previous undertakings such as the Kitimat Smelter and the Trans Mountain Pipeline. The Portage Mountain (now W.A.C. Bennett) dam on the Peace River and the Mica Creek dam on the Columbia River were each in their own right what are now called “world class” projects, but building them at the same time made them among the most ambitious construction projects in history. When it was officially opened in 1968 the Portage Mountain Dam was the largest dam in the western world: only the Soviet Union’s Bratsk hydro station dam in Siberia was larger. Mica Creek, when its dam was completed in 1973, was the site of the largest earth-filled dam anywhere in the world. The dam projects were a product of Premier W.A.C. Bennett’s determination to develop British Columbia’s natural resources as quickly as possible. As noted in Chapter 3, Bennett believed that it was his government’s job to build the infrastructure which would make it possible for private corporations to develop the province’s natural resources. But while he began building highways almost from the moment he came to power, it was not until the 1960s that he was presented with an opportunity to undertake the massive, and massively expensive, hydro-electric projects of which he dreamed. BENNETT’S TWO RIVERS POLICY One obvious place to build the kind of dams Bennett wanted was in the Kootenays, on the Canadian side of the Columbia River. -
Geography of British Columbia People and Landscapes in Transition 4Th Edition
Geography of British Columbia People and Landscapes in Transition 4th Edition Brett McGillivray Contents Preface / ix Introduction / 3 PART 1: GEOGRAPHICAL FOUNDATIONS 1 British Columbia, a Region of Regions / 11 2 Physical Processes and Human Implications / 29 3 Geophysical Hazards and Their Risks / 51 4 Resource Development and Management / 71 PART 2: THE ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA 5 “Discovering” Indigenous Lands and Shaping a Colonial Landscape / 85 6 Boom and Bust from Confederation to the Early 1900s / 103 7 Resource Dependency and Racism in an Era of Global Chaos / 117 8 Changing Values during the Postwar Boom / 137 9 Resource Uncertainty in the Late Twentieth Century / 153 10 The Twenty-First-Century Liberal Landscape / 177 Conclusion / 201 Acknowledgments / 214 Glossary / 215 Further Readings / 224 Photo Credits / 228 Index / 229 Introduction he geography of British Columbia is in constant place on it the features you consider important. This flux. Between 2014 and 2017 alone, the following cognitive mapping exercise reveals individual land- T events occurred, transforming the landscape and scape experiences (which can be shared with others) and the way people engage with it: demonstrates the importance of location. Using maps to answer “where” questions is the easiest aspect of geo- • Heat waves shattered temperature records, and wild- graphical study. fires devasted parts of the province, causing thousands Answering the question “Why are things where they to flee their homes. are?” is more complicated. “Why” questions are far more • Fracking triggered large quakes in the oil and gas difficult than “where” questions and may ultimately verge patch. on the metaphysical. -
Road Runner & Carrier, Winter 1982, Volume 19, Number 1
ISSN 0382-214 1 PUBLISHED BYTHE BRITISH COLUMBIA MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION AND HIGHWAYS WI TER 1982 VOLUME 19, NUMBER I NEW LILLOOET AIRPORT The "Lillooet Industrial Airport" was officially opened on October the airport and paved the I 200 m runway, taxiway and apron . All 24, 1981 by Yale-Lillooet MLA and Minister of Forests, the Honour other work was contracted out by the village through the Kamloops able Tom Waterland. Mr. Waterland, along with the Honourable office of Associated Engineering Services Limited. Robert McClelland, Minister of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Re sources, arrived in one of the Province's Citation jets to mark the first Airstrip facilities existing in Lillooet at the time of initial applica "official landing" at the new facility . Also in attendance at the tion for funds from the air Transport Assistance Program consisted of opening were Don Kasianchuk, Assistant Deputy Minister Transpor a 610 m airstrip located on private property adjacent to the east bank tation, John Olmstead, Manager Aviation Policy, and Messrs . of the Fraser River. At that time, plans for the construction of a new Antrobus, Creasy and Driscoll of the Air Transport Assistance Fraser River bridge necessitated the relocation of the strip to a new site Program . to make way for the bridge approach. This , as well as the desire to The airport development project was a co-operative effort involv provide better air access and to develop emergency and commercial services, served as the basis for the village's application, support and ing the Ministry's branches of Transportation and Highways combin ing with the Village of Lillooet and the Lillooet Airport Committee. -
Downie Slide Very Large Rockslide Stabilization Project
Canadian Geotechnical Society Canadian Geotechnical Achievements 2017 Downie Slide Very Large Rockslide Stabilization Project Geographical location Key References Imrie, AS, Moore, DP and Enegren, EG. Along west side of Revelstoke Reservoir; 65 km north of 1991. Performance and maintenance of Revelstoke, British Columbia. the drainage system at Downie Slide. In Landslides, D Bell (editor), Balkema, Rotterdam. When it began or was completed Kalenchuk, KS, Hutchison, DJ and Downie Slide was identified in 1956; investigations and initial Diederichs, MS. 2009. Downie Slide - drainage works began in 1974; the main drainage system was Interpretations of complex slope installed between 1977 and 1981; monitoring, assessment and mechanics in a massive, slow moving, maintenance continues. translational landslide. Proceedings, Canadian Geotechnical Conference Halifax, NS, pp 367-374. Why a Canadian geotechnical achievement? Photographs Downie Slide is located on the Columbia River within BC Hydro’s Revelstoke Reservoir. The slide is in mica schist/gneiss bedrock with multiple water levels. At nearly 10 km2 in area, 250 m deep and approximately 1.5 billion m3 in volume, this is the world’s largest known landslide stabilization project. Construction of the Revelstoke Dam was contingent on the stabilization of Downie Slide. Key safety issues were the potential for reservoir blockage, a landslide-generated wave, and upstream flooding of Mica Dam, approximately 70 km to the north. After a thorough site investigation by BC Hydro and many consultants, and an extensive public consultation, drainage was selected as the appropriate method for stabilization Aerial view of Downie Slide (outlined in red) looking up the Revelstoke Reservoir and Columbia The drainage included 2,450 m of adits, primarily located in the River valley. -
PROVINCIAL MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY and ANTHROPOLOGY
PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Department of Education PROVINCIAL MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY and ANTHROPOLOGY Report for the Year 1947 VICTORIA, B.C.: Printed by DoN McDIARMID, Printer to the King' s Most Excellent il.lajesly. 1948. \ To His Honour C. A. BANKS, Lieutenant-Govern01· of the Province of British Columbia. MAY IT PLEASE YOUR HONOUR: The undersigned respectfully submits herewith the Annual Report of the Provincial Museum of Natural History and Anthropology for the year 1947. W. T. STRAITH, Minister of Education. Office of the Minister of Education, Victoria, B.C. PROVINCIAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY, . VICTORIA, B.C., June 28th, 1948. The Honourable W. T. Straith, Minister of Education, Victoria, B.C. SIR,-The undersigned respectfully submits herewith a report of the activities of the Provincial Museum of Natural History and Anthropology for the calendar year 1947. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, G. CLIFFORD CARL, Director. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. The Honourable W. T. STRAITH, Minister. Lieut.-Col. F. T. FAIREY, Superintendent. PROVINCIAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY. Staff: G. CLIFFORD CARL, Ph.D., Director. GEORGE A. HARDY, General Assistant. A. E. PICKFORD, Assistant in Anthropology. MARGARET CRUMMY, B.A., Secretarial Stenographer. BETTY C. NEWTON, Artist. SHEILA GRICE, Typist. ARTHUR F. COATES, Attendant. PROVINCIAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY. OBJECTS. (a) To secure and preserve specimens illustrating the natural history of the Province. (b) To collect anthropological material relating to the aboriginal races of the Province. (c) To obtain information respecting the natural sciences, relating particularly to the natural history of the Province, and to increase and diffuse knowledge regarding the same. -
Lake Revelstoke Reservoir Creel and Visitor Use Survey 2000
Lake Revelstoke Reservoir Creel and Visitor Use Survey 2000 by: K. Bray and M. Campbell Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program Revelstoke, B.C. January 2001 Executive Summary From May 5 to September 4, 2000, an access point creel survey was conducted on Lake Revelstoke. The principal objectives were to assess the sport fishery on Lake Revelstoke, collect biological data on fish species in the reservoir, and provide a baseline against which future change can be measured. A visitor use survey was conducted concurrently with the creel survey to gauge visitor opinions and perceptions about Lake Revelstoke and to determine how people were using the reservoir. The number of partners involved in this project presents a good example of both the challenges of managing a complex project and the success when many parties work together. Random sampling was stratified by day type (weekend/holidays and weekdays), site location, and time of day. Seven major access point sites were identified and assigned selection probabilities based on previous surveys and current conditions. Aerial survey counts of boats and campers and ground counts of campers were conducted at informal sites to help estimate the proportion of effort missed. 536 angler interviews were conducted with anglers from B.C. comprising 91.6% of those surveyed and Albertans 6.9%. Residents of Revelstoke accounted for half (50.2%) of the interviews and Okanagan anglers for 30.4%. The average trip length was 2.81 ± 0.16 hours with an average of 2.29 anglers and 2.13 rods per boat. Most fishing on Lake Revelstoke was done from a boat (96%) with lures used during almost all recorded fishing trips. -
1967 to 1970 Summer Traffic Volumes
SUMMER TRAFFIC VOLUMES FOR YEARS 1967 TO 1970 ON PROVINCIAL HIGHWAYS IN BR ITISH COLUMBIA . DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS HON. W. D. BLACK J. A. DENNISON MINISTER . CHIEF HIGHWAY ENGINEER J. H. HARDING SR. TRAFFIC ENGINEER PRE F ACE This publication contains a summary of the traffic volumes taken in British Columbia during the years, 1967, 1968, 1969 and 1970. A good coverage of all numbered highways in the Province is presented. The data obtained has been compiled as Average Daily Traffic Volumes for July-August period of the year except for a few locations where the month is noted under the count. A SHORT COUNT OF AT LEAST 24 HOURS DURATION IS COMPARED TO THE COUNT FOR THE SAME PERIOD AT A PERMANENT COUNT STATION AND EXPANDED TO A JULY-AUGUST AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC VOLUME. THE ACCURACY OF THESE RESULTS DEPENDS UPON THE LOCATION OF THE PERMANENT COUNT STATION IN RELATION TO THE SHORT COUNT STATION AND THE CORRELATION OF DEFINED TRAFFIC PATTERNS. Section I contains a tabulation of vehicular traffic volumes taken on main highways and feeder roads to those highways throughout the Province. The tabulation is by numbered highways. Each count is identified by a station number, the first part of which indicates the Highways District (as established Jan. 8, 1969) in which the count was obtained, the second part identified it from other stations in the District, and the third part identified the highway number. For example: "11-46-1" is in Saanich Highways District, count number 46 and on Highway Number 1. Note that the Permanent Counter Installations are identified in a different manner. -
Columbia Basin White Sturgeon Planning Framework
Review Draft Review Draft Columbia Basin White Sturgeon Planning Framework Prepared for The Northwest Power & Conservation Council February 2013 Review Draft PREFACE This document was prepared at the direction of the Northwest Power and Conservation Council to address comments by the Independent Scientific Review Panel (ISRP) in their 2010 review of Bonneville Power Administration research, monitoring, and evaluation projects regarding sturgeon in the lower Columbia River. The ISRP provided a favorable review of specific sturgeon projects but noted that an effective basin-wide management plan for white sturgeon is lacking and is the most important need for planning future research and restoration. The Council recommended that a comprehensive sturgeon management plan be developed through a collaborative effort involving currently funded projects. Hatchery planning projects by the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission (2007-155-00) and the Yakama Nation (2008-455-00) were specifically tasked with leading or assisting with the comprehensive management plan. The lower Columbia sturgeon monitoring and mitigation project (1986-050-00) sponsored by the Oregon and Washington Departments of Fish and Wildlife and the Inter-Tribal Fish Commission also agreed to collaborate on this effort and work with the Council on the plan. The Council directed that scope of the planning area include from the mouth of the Columbia upstream to Priest Rapids on the mainstem and up to Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River. The plan was also to include summary information for sturgeon areas above Priest Rapids and Lower Granite. A planning group was convened of representatives of the designated projects. Development also involved collaboration with representatives of other agencies and tribes involved in related sturgeon projects throughout the region.