Why Do We Name Organisms? Some Reminders from the Past
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Mnemonic Memory Taxonomy
MNEMONIC MEMORY TAXONOMY Overview: In this lesson, students determine proper classification of organisms according to taxonomic levels, explore characteristics that determine classification, and create methods to recall ordered taxonomic terminology. Objectives: The student will: • describe the use and function of a taxonomy, specifically to order and classify living organisms; and • identify and list taxonomic levels of biological classification. Targeted Alaska Grade Level Expectations: Science [7] SC2.2 The student demonstrates an understanding of the structure, function, behavior, development, life cycles, and diversity of living organisms by identifying the seven levels of classification of organisms. [7] SA1.1 The student demonstrates an understanding of the processes of science by asking questions, predicting, observing, describing, measuring, classifying, makign generalizations, inferring, and communicating. Vocabulary: animalia— one of six kingdoms, including most living things that are able to move and digest food internally plantae –one of six kingdoms, including living things that generally manufacture their own food through the use of photosynthesis fungi – one of six kingdoms, mostly living things that are nonmobile and assist in the decomposition process, including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms binomial nomenclature – a scientific naming system that gives a unique name (“scientific name”) to each species, using organisms’ genus and species as its two parts (e.g., “Homo sapiens” for humans) class – a taxonomic rank below -
Botanical Nomenclature: Concept, History of Botanical Nomenclature
Module – 15; Content writer: AvishekBhattacharjee Module 15: Botanical Nomenclature: Concept, history of botanical nomenclature (local and scientific) and its advantages, formation of code. Content writer: Dr.AvishekBhattacharjee, Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, P.O. – B. Garden, Howrah – 711 103. Module – 15; Content writer: AvishekBhattacharjee Botanical Nomenclature:Concept – A name is a handle by which a mental image is passed. Names are just labels we use to ensure we are understood when we communicate. Nomenclature is a mechanism for unambiguous communication about the elements of taxonomy. Botanical Nomenclature, i.e. naming of plants is that part of plant systematics dealing with application of scientific names to plants according to some set rules. It is related to, but distinct from taxonomy. A botanical name is a unique identifier to which information of a taxon can be attached, thus enabling the movement of data across languages, scientific disciplines, and electronic retrieval systems. A plant’s name permits ready summarization of information content of the taxon in a nested framework. A systemofnamingplantsforscientificcommunicationmustbe international inscope,andmustprovideconsistencyintheapplicationof names.Itmustalsobeacceptedbymost,ifnotall,membersofthe scientific community. These criteria led, almost inevitably, to International Botanical Congresses (IBCs) being the venue at which agreement on a system of scientific nomenclature for plants was sought. The IBCs led to publication of different ‘Codes’ which embodied the rules and regulations of botanical nomenclature and the decisions taken during these Congresses. Advantages ofBotanical Nomenclature: Though a common name may be much easier to remember, there are several good reasons to use botanical names for plant identification. Common names are not unique to a specific plant. -
Coastal Marine Habitats Harbor Novel Early-Diverging Fungal Diversity
Fungal Ecology 25 (2017) 1e13 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Fungal Ecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funeco Coastal marine habitats harbor novel early-diverging fungal diversity * Kathryn T. Picard Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA article info abstract Article history: Despite nearly a century of study, the diversity of marine fungi remains poorly understood. Historical Received 12 September 2016 surveys utilizing microscopy or culture-dependent methods suggest that marine fungi are relatively Received in revised form species-poor, predominantly Dikarya, and localized to coastal habitats. However, the use of high- 20 October 2016 throughput sequencing technologies to characterize microbial communities has challenged traditional Accepted 27 October 2016 concepts of fungal diversity by revealing novel phylotypes from both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Available online 23 November 2016 Here, I used ion semiconductor sequencing (Ion Torrent) of the ribosomal large subunit (LSU/28S) to Corresponding Editor: Felix Barlocher€ explore fungal diversity from water and sediment samples collected from four habitats in coastal North Carolina. The dominant taxa observed were Ascomycota and Chytridiomycota, though all fungal phyla Keywords: were represented. Diversity was highest in sand flats and wetland sediments, though benthic sediments Marine fungi harbored the highest proportion of novel sequences. Most sequences assigned to early-diverging fungal Ion torrent groups could not be assigned -
Floral Preformation in the Warming Boreal Forest: the Effects of Temperature on the Development of Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea Eileen Schaub [email protected]
University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Master's Theses University of Connecticut Graduate School 8-30-2019 Floral Preformation in the Warming Boreal Forest: the Effects of Temperature on the Development of Vaccinium vitis-idaea Eileen Schaub [email protected] Recommended Citation Schaub, Eileen, "Floral Preformation in the Warming Boreal Forest: the Effects of Temperature on the Development of Vaccinium vitis-idaea" (2019). Master's Theses. 1434. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/1434 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Connecticut Graduate School at OpenCommons@UConn. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of OpenCommons@UConn. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Floral Preformation in the Warming Boreal forest: the Effects of Temperature on the Development of Vaccinium vitis-idaea Eileen Patricia Schaub B.A., Western Connecticut State University, 2013 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Master of Science At the University of Connecticut 2019 Copyright by Eileen Patricia Schaub 2019 ii Approval Page Master of Science Thesis Floral Preformation in the Warming Boreal Forest: the Effects of Temperature on the Development of Vaccinium vitis-idaea Presented by Eileen P. Schaub, B.A. Major Advisor _________________________________________________________________ Pamela K. Diggle Associate Advisor ______________________________________________________________ Cynthia S. Jones Associate Advisor ______________________________________________________________ Donald Les University of Connecticut 2019 iii Introduction The boreal zone, located between 50 and 70º north latitude, is the largest terrestrial biome, comprising 11% of Earth’s landmass across North America, Europe, and Asia (Brandt, 2009). It consists primarily of coniferous forest, with some deciduous tree species and numerous shrub and grass species. -
The Empire of Life Needs a Proper Name by Guy Lane & Andrew Buckwell
The Empire of Life Needs a Proper Name by Guy Lane & Andrew Buckwell The Empire of Life Needs a Proper Name 9 May, 2020. The biggest living organism on Planet Earth is the Living Planet itself, but she doesn’t have a proper name. Guy Lane & Andrew Buckwell ascribe a taxonomic classification to Gaia. THE PROCESS of human reproduction goes through a number of distinct phases. First, a young man meets a young woman and they learn each other’s names. They realise their lives would be better in a partnership. They come to an agreement about how to live together, and then they make a baby human. A similar process takes place when our Living Planet seeks to reproduce. Let us explain. The proper name for a human is Homo sapiens, and the science of properly naming living things is called taxonomy. In 1758, Carl Linneus instituted the practice of binomial nomenclature. This is a two-part name, written in Latin that describes how the organism looks or behaves. The binomial for Homo sapiens translates (perhaps inappropriately) to “wise people”. All species are so named as part of their ‘taxonomic rank’ that has a number of levels: Domain – Kingdom – Phylum – Class – Order – Family – Genus – Species. For a human, the taxonomic rank has the following entries: Prokaryote – Animalia – Chordata – Mammalia – Primate – Hominidae – Homo – Sapiens. The different types of living things can be represented in a Tree of Life. The picture below shows the Tree of Life extended to the level of Kingdom. 1 The Empire of Life Needs a Proper Name by Guy Lane & Andrew Buckwell The Phylogenetic tree (Image via Wikipedia) Of note, there is one important life form that has yet to be given a binomial or ascribed a taxonomic rank. -
Using Te Reo Māori and Ta Re Moriori in Taxonomy
VealeNew Zealand et al.: Te Journal reo Ma- oriof Ecologyin taxonomy (2019) 43(3): 3388 © 2019 New Zealand Ecological Society. 1 REVIEW Using te reo Māori and ta re Moriori in taxonomy Andrew J. Veale1,2* , Peter de Lange1 , Thomas R. Buckley2,3 , Mana Cracknell4, Holden Hohaia2, Katharina Parry5 , Kamera Raharaha-Nehemia6, Kiri Reihana2 , Dave Seldon2,3 , Katarina Tawiri2 and Leilani Walker7 1Unitec Institute of Technology, 139 Carrington Road, Mt Albert, Auckland 1025, New Zealand 2Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, 231 Morrin Road, St Johns, Auckland 1072, New Zealand 3School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3A Symonds St, Auckland CBD, Auckland 1010, New Zealand 4Rongomaiwhenua-Moriori, Kaiangaroa, Chatham Island, New Zealand 5Massey University, Private Bag 11222 Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand 6Ngāti Kuri, Otaipango, Ngataki, Te Aupouri, Northland, New Zealand 7Auckland University of Technology, 55 Wellesley St E, Auckland CBS, Auckland 1010, New Zealand *Author for correspondence (Email: [email protected]) Published online: 28 November 2019 Auheke: Ko ngā ingoa Linnaean ka noho hei pou mō te pārongo e pā ana ki ngā momo koiora. He mea nui rawa kia mārama, kia ahurei hoki ngā ingoa pūnaha whakarōpū. Me pēnei kia taea ai te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-pūtaiao nei. Nā tēnā kua āta whakatakotohia ētahi ture, tohu ārahi hoki hei whakahaere i ngā whakamārama pūnaha whakarōpū. Kua whakamanahia ēnei kia noho hei tikanga mō te ao pūnaha whakarōpū. Heoi, arā noa atu ngā hua o te tukanga waihanga ingoa Linnaean mō ngā momo koiora i tua atu i te tautohu noa i ngā momo koiora. Ko tētahi o aua hua ko te whakarau: (1) i te mātauranga o ngā iwi takatake, (2) i te kōrero rānei mai i te iwi o te rohe, (3) i ngā kōrero pūrākau rānei mō te wāhi whenua. -
Why Mammals Are Called Mammals: Gender Politics in Eighteenth-Century Natural History Author(S): Londa Schiebinger Source: the American Historical Review, Vol
Why Mammals are Called Mammals: Gender Politics in Eighteenth-Century Natural History Author(s): Londa Schiebinger Source: The American Historical Review, Vol. 98, No. 2 (Apr., 1993), pp. 382-411 Published by: American Historical Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2166840 Accessed: 22/01/2010 10:27 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=aha. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. American Historical Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The American Historical Review. http://www.jstor.org Why Mammals Are Called Mammals: Gender Politics in Eighteenth-Century Natural History LONDA SCHIEBINGER IN 1758, IN THE TENTH EDITION OF HIS Systema naturae, Carolus Linnaeus introduced the term Mammaliainto zoological taxonomy. -
Classification of Botany and Use of Plants
SECTION 1: CLASSIFICATION OF BOTANY AND USE OF PLANTS 1. Introduction Botany refers to the scientific study of the plant kingdom. As a branch of biology, it mainly accounts for the science of plants or ‘phytobiology’. The main objective of the this section is for participants, having completed their training, to be able to: 1. Identify and classify various types of herbs 2. Choose the appropriate categories and types of herbs for breeding and planting 1 2. Botany 2.1 Branches – Objectives – Usability Botany covers a wide range of scientific sub-disciplines that study the growth, reproduction, metabolism, morphogenesis, diseases, and evolution of plants. Subsequently, many subordinate fields are to appear, such as: Systematic Botany: its main purpose the classification of plants Plant morphology or phytomorphology, which can be further divided into the distinctive branches of Plant cytology, Plant histology, and Plant and Crop organography Botanical physiology, which examines the functions of the various organs of plants A more modern but equally significant field is Phytogeography, which associates with many complex objects of research and study. Similarly, other branches of applied botany have made their appearance, some of which are Phytopathology, Phytopharmacognosy, Forest Botany, and Agronomy Botany, among others. 2 Like all other life forms in biology, plant life can be studied at different levels, from the molecular, to the genetic and biochemical, through to the study of cellular organelles, cells, tissues, organs, individual plants, populations and communities of plants. At each of these levels a botanist can deal with the classification (taxonomy), structure (anatomy), or function (physiology) of plant life. -
Hidrobiológica 2020, 30 (1): 29-36
Hidrobiológica 2020, 30 (1): 29-36 OPEN ACCESS HIDROBIOLÓGICA Research Article http:/hidrobiologica.izt.uam.mx April, 2020 ISSN: 2448-7333 Gonadal histology of Erichsonella attenuata (Isopoda: Valvifera: Idoteidae) Histología gonadal de Erichsonella attenuata (Isopoda: Valvifera: Idoteidae) Hugo Enrique Reyes-Aldana1,2 , Adriana Muñoz-Hernández3 y José Luis Bortolini-Rosales4 Recibido: 28 de noviembre de 2018. Aceptado: 31 de marzo de 2020. Publicado: abril de 2020. ABSTRACT Background: Isopods are highly diverse organisms, however, despite of their abundance and importance in ecological dynamics have been neglected in many of the aspects of their biology. Objectives: This paper analyses E. attenuata male and female histological characteristics, especially the reproductive structures, to increase the information of the reproductive biology and help to understand the sexual characteristics 1 Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximi- of other free-living isopods to favour comparative studies with other groups and environmental conditions. lians-Universität München. Großhader- ner Str. 2,Planegg-Martinsreid, 82152. Methods: Organisms sampled between July 2010 and August 2011 were fixed and processed for histological Germany. preparations; Haematoxylin-Eosin and Lendrum staining techniques were applied to differentiate structures. 2 Rachel Carson Center, Ludwig-Maximi- Microphotographies were taken and analysed. Results: The internal organography was found to be similar lians-Universität München. Leopolds- on both sexes. The ovaries are modified during the maturation of the oocytes, after spawning, embryos are traße 11A, Munich, 80802. Germany. born in the marsupium. In some cases, a cohort in initial stages of maturation is observed in the dorsal region 3 Cellular Biology Department, Faculty of of the body in addition of the ones seen in the marsupium. -
Asignaturas Inglés Por Grados Ciencias 19-20.Xlsx
LIST OF SUBJECTS TAUGHT IN ENGLISH ‐ SCHOOL OF SCIENCES DEGREE IN BIOLOGY Subject Semester Year ECTS 1 Animal and vegetal organography Spring 1º 6 2 Basic computer sciences and bibliographic techniques Spring 1º 3 3 Bioinformatics Spring 2º 3 4 Biostatistics Spring 1º 6 5 Environmental Chemistry Spring 3º 6 6 General Chemistry Autumn 1º 6 7 General Microbiology Autumn 3º 6 8 Histology and cell biology Autumn 1º 6 9 Human Molecular Genetics Autumn 3º 6 10 Mathematics Autumn 1º 6 11 Microbial Biotechnology Spring 4º 3 12 Molecular Development Biology Spring 4º 3 13 Physics Autumn 1º 6 14 Radioactivity Spring 4º 3 15 Scientific Academic Skills Autumn 3º 3 16 Structural and functional biochemistry Annual 1º 6 DEGREE IN BIOCHEMISTRY Subject Semester Year ECTS 1 Basic computer studies and bibliographic techniques Spring 1º 3 2 Biology fundamentals Spring 1º 3 3 Biostatistics Spring 1º 6 4 Computational Biology Autumn 4º 6 5 General Chemistry Autumn 1º 6 6 General Microbiology Autumn 3º 6 7 Genetics Engineering Spring 2º 6 8 Genomics Spring 4º 3 9 Histology and cell biology Autumn 1º 6 10 Human Molecular Genetics Autumn 3º 6 11 Mathematics Autumn 1º 6 12 Microbial Biotechnology Spring 4º 3 13 Molecular Development Biology Spring 4º 3 14 Molecular Physiology Spring 3º 6 15 Organography Spring 1º 6 16 Physical Chemistry Spring 1º 6 17 Physics Autumn 1º 6 18 Scientific Academic Skills Autumn 3º 3 19 Structural and functional biochemistry Annual 1º 6 DEGREE IN CHEMISTRY Subject Semester Year ECTS 1 Basic Statistics Spring 1º 3 2 Data Analysis Autumn -
Linguistic Imperialism'
Title Linnaeus, Chinese flora and 'linguistic imperialism' Author(s) Cook, GA The 2009 Symposium of the University of Hong Kong Summer Institute in Arts & Humanities: 'The Appropriation of Chinese Citation Nature during the Enlightenment', Hong Kong, China, 14 July 2009. Issued Date 2009 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10722/123694 Rights Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License Linnaeus, Chinese flora and ‘linguistic imperialism’ Alexandra Cook Department of Philosophy HKU [email protected] Theses Linnaeus did not practice „linguistic imperialism‟ in naming Chinese plants; In naming Chinese plants, Linnaeus applied his rules less restrictively than is generally thought (Needham, Schiebinger); assigned a relatively small percentage of patronymic names; and offered a road map to many indigenous usages and names through his synonymies and materia medica. Some statistics 160 Chinese species determined by Linnaeus father and son; 100 of these in Species plantarum (1753): SP marks official beginning of modern botanical nomenclature Binomial names: Genus + specific epithet Total of 319 Chinese species known to L. and L. fil. Total genera named by Linnaeus: 1,313 23% of 286 economically-useful species named by Linnaeus have generic names referring to use contradicting his rules of 1737 (Crit. Bot.) Patronymics: 10% (i.e. 13) of 131 genera designations of Chinese plants by L. and L. fil. However, mine is primarily a qualitative, rather than a quantitative or statistical, argument. Critiques of Linnaean generic names Joseph Needham, with Lu Gwei-Djen and Huang Hsin-Tsung, Science and Civilisation in China, vol. 6: Biology and Biological Technology, part I: Botany (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1986). -
Dissertation Ch 2
Disenchantment and Re-enchantment: Rhetorical Tension in the Siècle des Lumières A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Sean P. Killackey IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Daniel Brewer DECEMBER 2020 © Sean P. Killackey, 2020 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank the members of my committee, without whom none of this project would have seen the light of day. I am deeply grateful to Dan Brewer, Juliette Cherbuliez, Mary Franklin-Brown, and Michael Gaudio for their commitment and perseverance in seeing this dissertation project through to its completion. Before this dissertation even took shape, their courses and scholarship inspired new avenues of intellectual pursuit for me. I am particularly grateful for the many conversations at workshops, in offices and hallways, and after myriad speaker events with each of them during the development of ideas that would eventually coalesce into a dissertation project. I would like to express my deep and enduring gratitude to my advisor, Daniel Brewer, who read countless revisions with patience and tirelessly gave diplomatic and insightful feedback, challenging my assumptions and posing questions that lead me to more fruitful exploration and stronger writing. His intellectual guidance for this project over the long duration is a testament to his perseverance and his passion for critical inquiry into the literature and culture of the eighteenth century. I sincerely thank Juliette Cherbuliez for chairing my committee and for her advice on the importance of working with people who “ask great questions.” Her brilliant and challenging questions impacted my thinking on this project, perhaps more than she even knows.