Dgfs-CNRS Summer School on Linguistic Typology
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International Journal of Language, Translation and Intercultural Communication Vol. 1, 2012 English in Ghana: Growth, Tensions, and Trends Adika Gordon University of Ghana https://doi.org/10.12681/ijltic.17 Copyright © 2012 To cite this article: Adika, G. (2012). English in Ghana: Growth, Tensions, and Trends. International Journal of Language, Translation and Intercultural Communication, 1, 151-166. doi:https://doi.org/10.12681/ijltic.17 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 01/11/2020 19:10:06 | IJLTIC 2012 1 (1), 151-166 English in Ghana: Growth, Tensions, and Trends Gordon Senanu Kwame Adika, University of Ghana Abstract his paper provides snapshots of the growth of English in Ghana by reviewing T the debates that have characterised its usage, recapitulating the distinctive features of Ghanaian English (GhaE), and examining current directions of its growth. From its fi rst implantation in Ghana, then the Gold Coast, in the early part of the 16th century to date, English in Ghana, like in other West African countries has shown formidable resilience as the language of formal education, and a medium for cross-ethnic communication in a predominantly multilingual environment. The tensions attendant upon which language to use as a medium of instruction at the lower levels of education appear to be yielding to the logic of complementarities and bilingualism within the local language ecology. English in Ghana, as an outer circle phenomenon, has been travelling the delicate expansionist path of innovation, adaptation, and maintenance of standards over the years. The distinctive Ghanaian linguistic and cultural colouration continues to permeate the English language on all levels, including vocabulary, idiomatic usage, and pronunciation. -
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42537-7 — English Around the World 2Nd Edition Index More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42537-7 — English around the World 2nd Edition Index More Information Index Aboriginal English 23, 122, 140 Bao Zhiming 202 Aboriginals, 118, 121–122, 125, 226 Barbados 101, 105, 106 accent 5, 7, 17, 20, 88, 121, 123, 133, basilect 104, 106, 112 134, 235 Belafonte, Harry 108 accommodation 39, 134, 175, 229 Berlin Conference 46, 48 Achebe, Chinua 152, 197 bilingualism 28, 35, 51, 83, 166, 246 acrolect 104 biological concepts 26, 226 adjective comparison 73 Bislama 157, 176–177 adstrate 68 blogs 59 adverbs 99, 214 borrowing, see loan words African American English 87, 88, 116, 219 Botswana 146, 209, 211 African Englishes 32 Brexit 59, 71 Afrikaans 33, 130, 131, 133, 135 British Empire 40, 52–55, 160, 226 Ali G 114 British English 31, 57, 73, 75, 84, 85, 87, 151, American English 38, 57, 59, 61, 68, 113, 116, 152, 212, 214, 229, 235, 236, 242 208, 214, 216 history 69–74, 113 see also Standard English dialects 16, 85–86, 89, 114 Brunei 157, 161 history 82–89 Brunei English 162, 197 lexis 25, 26, 209 Butler English 50 melting pot 82, 89 Native AmE 23, 84, 88, 226 Cajun English 88 pronunciation 16, 212, 229 calque 24, 209 southern dialect 16, 23, 84, 85, 88, 90–99, Cambodia 158 116 Cameroon 147, 149, 238, 239, 240 standard 87, 88 Cameroonian English 23, 203, 205, 209 vs. British English 84 Camfranglais 149, 240 Americanization Canada 54, 54, 89 of World Englishes 56, 57, 59 language situation 33, 61 analogy 28, 205 Canadian English 61, 89–90, 210, 211, 215 antideletion 137, 205 Cantonese 19, 163, 164, 239 AntConc corpus software 258 Caribbean 51, 52, 53, 61, 62, 68, 113, 117, 235 archaisms 209 Caribbean Creoles 102, 105–106, 205 article omission / insertion 8, 137, 172, 194, cline 105 215, 224, 230 Caribbean English 23, 26, 88, 98, 117, 212, 213 article reduction 78 case 78 articulation 202, 250 Celtic Englishes 74, 116 ASEAN / Association of South-East Asian Celtic languages 73, 113 Nations 158, 185, 234 Celts 70 aspiration 20, 192 Chambers, J. -
Ghana and Accra: a Multilingual Setting
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/190131 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-09-26 and may be subject to change. LANGUAGE CONTACT AND CHANGE IN LINGUISTICALLY HETEROGENEOUS URBAN COMMUNITIES THE CASE OF AKAN IN ACCRA Published by LOT phone: +31 30 253 6111 Trans 10 3512 JK Utrecht e-mail: [email protected] The Netherlands http://www.lo tschool.nl Cover illustration by NOAHBS ART GALLERY ISBN: 978-94-6093-278-6 NUR 616 Copyright © 2018: Solace Ago Yankson. All rights reserved. LANGUAGE CONTACT AND CHANGE IN LINGUISTICALLY HETEROGENEOUS URBAN COMMUNITIES The case of Akan in Accra Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen op gezag van de rector magnificus prof. dr. J.H.J.M. van Krieken, volgens besluit van het college van decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 26 maart 2018 om 10.30 uur precies door Solace Ago Yankson geboren op 2 april 1976 te Agona Swedru, Ghana Promotor: Prof. dr. P.C. Muysken Copromotor: Dr. M.C. van den Berg (Universiteit Utrecht) Manuscriptcommissie: Prof. dr. R.W.N.M. van Hout Dr. F.K. Ameka (Universiteit Leiden) Prof. dr. P.E. Kerswill (York University, Verenigd Koninkrijk) This research was supported by the Netherlands Fellowship Programme (NFP/NUFFIC) under project number 23000276 LANGUAGE CONTACT AND CHANGE IN LINGUISTICALLY HETEROGENEOUS URBAN COMMUNITIES The case of Akan in Accra Doctoral Thesis to obtain the degree of doctor from Radboud University Nijmegen on the authority of the Rector Magnificus prof. -
Canadian and Cameroonian English-Speaking University Students’ Compliment Strategies
International Journal of Linguistics ISSN 1948-5425 2013, Vol. 5, No. 3 Canadian and Cameroonian English-Speaking University Students’ Compliment Strategies Bernard Mulo Farenkia Department of Languages and Letters, Cape Breton University P) Box 5300, Sydney, Nova Scotia B1P6L2, Canada Tel: 1-902-563-1870 E-mail: [email protected] Received: April 10, 2013 Accepted: May 8, 2013 Published: June 25, 2013 doi:10.5296/ijl.v5i3.3900 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v5i3.3900 Abstract This paper addressees compliment strategies in two regional varieties of English, namely Cameroon English and Canadian English. Data were collected through written Discourse Completion Tasks with 25 Canadian and 25 Cameroonian University students. The study examines similarities and differences between the two groups with regards to move structure and the head act strategies, the use of lexical and syntactic / stylistic devices and the use of supportive moves in six different situations. It was found that the Cameroonians show a very strong preference for single heads whereas the Canadians mostly favor multiple heads and that the Cameroonians use indirect compliments much more than the Canadians. The results reveal that the Canadians employ more lexical elements (adjectives, adverbs, verbs) than the Cameroonians. With regard to external modification of the core compliments, the findings suggest that the Canadians use much more supportive moves, i.e. pre-compliments and post-compliments, than the Cameroonians. Some differences were also found with regard to the situational distribution and types of internal and external modification devices. Keywords: Compliment, Politeness, Regional variation, Cameroon English, Canadian English 69 www.macrothink.org/ijl International Journal of Linguistics ISSN 1948-5425 2013, Vol. -
Southern Bahamian: Transported African American Vernacular English Or Transported Gullah?
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Southern Bahamian: Transported African American Vernacular English or Transported Gullah? Stephanie Hackert University of Augsberg1 John A. Holm University of Coimbra ABSTRACT The relationship between Bahamian Creole English (BahCE) and Gullah and their historical connection with African American Vernacular English (AAVE) have long been a matter of dispute. In the controversy about the putative creole origins of AAVE, it was long thought that Gullah was the only remnant of a once much more widespread North American Plantation Creole and southern BahCE constituted a diaspora variety of the latter. If, however, as argued in the 1990s, AAVE never was a creole itself, whence the creole nature of southern BahCE? This paper examines the settlement history of the Bahamas and the American South to argue that BahCE and Gullah are indeed closely related, so closely in fact, that southern BahCE must be regarded as a diaspora variety of the latter rather than of AAVE. INTRODUCTION English (AAVE) spoken by the slaves Lexical and syntactic studies of Bahamian brought in by Loyalists after the Creole English (Holm, 1982; Shilling, 1977) Revolutionary War that predominated over led Holm (1983) to conclude that on southern the variety that had developed largely on the Bahamian islands such as Exuma, it was northern Bahamian islands. This ascendancy mainland African American Vernacular developed “…for the simple reason that it had 1 Stephanie Hackert, Applied English Linguistics, University of Augsburg, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] John A. Holm, University of Coimbra, Portugal E-mail: [email protected] Acknowledgements: An earlier draft of this article benefited from the comments of Katherine Green, Salikoko Mufwene, Edgar Schneider and Donald Winford, whom we would like to thank here, while noting that responsibility for any remaining shortcomings is solely our own. -
French and British Colonial Legacies in Education: a Natural Experiment in Cameroon
French and British Colonial Legacies in Education: A Natural Experiment in Cameroon Yannick Dupraz∗ 2015 most recent version: http://www.parisschoolofeconomics.eu/IMG/pdf/ jobmarket-paper-dupraz-pse.pdf Abstract. | Does colonial history matter for development? In Sub-Saharan Africa, economists have argued that the British colonial legacy was more growth-inducing than others, especially through its effect on education. This paper uses the division of German Kamerun between the British and the French after WWI as a natural experiment to identify the causal effect of colonizer identity on education. Using exhaustive geolocated census data, I estimate a border discontinuity for various cohorts over the 20th century: the British effect on education is positive for individuals of school age in the 1920s and 1930s; it quickly fades away in the late colonial period and eventually becomes negative, favoring the French side. In the most recent cohorts, I find no border discontinuity in primary education, but I do find a positive British effect in secondary school completion | likely explained by a higher rate of grade repetition in the francophone system. I also find a strong, positive British effect on the percentage of Christians for all cohorts. I argue that my results are best explained by supply factors: before WWII, the British colonial government provided incentives for missions to supply formal education and allowed local governments to open public schools, but the British effect was quickly smoothed away by an increase in French education investments in the late colonial period. Though the divergence in human capital did not persist, its effect on religion was highly persistent. -
Migration, Freedom and Enslavement in the Revolutionary Atlantic: the Bahamas, 1783–C
Migration, Freedom and Enslavement in the Revolutionary Atlantic: The Bahamas, 1783–c. 1800 Paul Daniel Shirley October 2011 UCL PhD thesis 1 I, Paul Daniel Shirley, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signed: _____________________________ (Paul Daniel Shirley) 2 Abstract This thesis examines the impact of revolution upon slavery in the Atlantic world, focusing upon the period of profound and unprecedented change and conflict in the Bahamas during the final decades of the eighteenth century. It argues that the Bahamian experience can only be satisfactorily understood with reference to the revolutionary upheavals that were transforming the larger Atlantic world in those years. From 1783, the arrival of black and white migrants displaced by the American Revolution resulted in quantitative and qualitative social, economic and political transformation in the Bahamas. The thesis assesses the nature and significance of the sudden demographic shift to a non-white majority in the archipelago, the development of many hitherto unsettled islands, and efforts to construct a cotton-based plantation economy. It also traces the trajectory and dynamics of the complex struggles that ensued from these changes. During the 1780s, émigré Loyalist slaveholders from the American South, intent on establishing a Bahamian plantocracy, confronted not only non-white Bahamians exploring enlarged possibilities for greater control over their own lives, but also an existing white population determined to defend their own interests, and a belligerent governor with a penchant for idiosyncratic antislavery initiatives. In the 1790s, a potentially explosive situation was inflamed still further as a new wave of war and revolution engulfed the Atlantic. -
Multilingualism Is the Term Used to Refer to a Speech Community Which Makes Use of Two Or More Languages
Dr. Seth Antwi Ofori (Sociolinguistics notes, 2014) MULTILINGUALISM INTRODUCTION: -- Multilingualism is the term used to refer to a speech community which makes use of two or more languages. -- Many, perhaps most, of the countries of the world are decidedly multilingual. -- Multilingualism cuts across the whole social fabric in Africa and Ghana. -- It forms a socio-political and socio-linguistic characteristic of most speech communities in Africa and in Ghana. -- Understanding what multilingualism means to a society is at the core of the sociolinguistics of society. WHO IS A MULTILINGUAL? -- A multilingual refers to a person who has the ability to speak two or more languages with an appreciable degree of proficiency. Some scholars prefer to use the term bilingual for an individual who has the ability to speak two languages, and reserve the term multilingual for those who speak more than two languages. TYPES OF MULTILINGUALISM There are two types of multilingualism: individual multilingualism ad societal multilingualism. -- Individual multilingualism: -- Individuals based on their unique social circumstances “find the need or opportunity to learn an additional language.1 Such opportunities may show up in the course of the individual’s geographical and/or social mobility, or through marriage, or through some other exposure to another language” (Amuzu 2009: 82).2 Individual multilingualism is an almost everyday phenomenon in Africa and in Ghana among adults. Individual multilingualism refers to a situation where a person speaks two or more languages. -- Societal multilingualism: is a situation where two or more languages are (functionally) used in a society because several people know all or a combination of them. -
Cameroonian ESL Teachers' Linguistic Perceptions and The
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-5766 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0484 (Online) DOI: 10.7176/RHSS Vol.9, No.14, 2019 Cameroonian ESL Teachers’ Linguistic Perceptions and the Phonological Aspects of Their English Julius M. Angwah University of Yaounde I Abstract Despite the popular credence that the nature of English in Cameroon shifts significantly from Standard British English, ESL teachers seem to think differently about their competencies in the English language. This study investigated the correlation between Cameroonian ESL teachers’ linguistic perceptions and the phonological aspects of their English. Three theoretical paradigms guided the study – Labov’s (1966) correlation model, Kachru’s (1985) World Englishes Paradigm and Corder’s (1967) Error Analysis. A total of 75 Secondary School teachers of English, from five regions of the country, constituted the sampled population of the study. A questionnaire, with close and open-ended questions, was constructed to gain an understanding of their linguistic perceptions. A test of 10 sentences, with targeted phonological variables /dʒ, tʃ, ð, θ, ə, з, əu, əʊə, and aʊə/, was conceived and the informants were asked to read them aloud while the investigators tap-recorded their phonological renditions. The data was then transcribed and compared to their linguistic perceptual claims. The results revealed a significant gap between the respondents’ linguistic perceptions and the phonological aspects of their English. This led us to the conclusion that there is the dire need for the establishment of a feasible target variety that is attainable and does not pose any major problem of intelligibility to speakers of other varieties of English, especially the native varieties. -
The Handbook of World Englishes
The Handbook of World Englishes THOA01 1 19/07/2006, 11:33 AM Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics This outstanding multi-volume series covers all the major subdisciplines within lin- guistics today and, when complete, will offer a comprehensive survey of linguistics as a whole. Already published: The Handbook of Child Language The Handbook of Language and Gender Edited by Paul Fletcher and Brian Edited by Janet Holmes and MacWhinney Miriam Meyerhoff The Handbook of Phonological Theory The Handbook of Second Language Edited by John A. Goldsmith Acquisition Edited by Catherine J. Doughty and The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Michael H. Long Theory Edited by Shalom Lappin The Handbook of Bilingualism Edited by Tej K. Bhatia and The Handbook of Sociolinguistics William C. Ritchie Edited by Florian Coulmas The Handbook of Pragmatics The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences Edited by Laurence R. Horn and Edited by William J. Hardcastle and Gregory Ward John Laver The Handbook of Applied Linguistics The Handbook of Morphology Edited by Alan Davies and Edited by Andrew Spencer and Catherine Elder Arnold Zwicky The Handbook of Speech Perception The Handbook of Japanese Linguistics Edited by David B. Pisoni and Edited by Natsuko Tsujimura Robert E. Remez The Handbook of Linguistics The Blackwell Companion to Syntax, Edited by Mark Aronoff and Janie Volumes I–V Rees-Miller Edited by Martin Everaert and The Handbook of Contemporary Syntactic Henk van Riemsdijk Theory The Handbook of the History of English Edited by Mark Baltin and Chris Collins Edited by Ans van Kemenade and The Handbook of Discourse Analysis Bettelou Los Edited by Deborah Schiffrin, Deborah The Handbook of English Linguistics Tannen, and Heidi E. -
Dgfs-CNRS Summer School on Linguistic Typology
DGfS-CNRS Summer School on Linguistic Typology Leipzig 15 August–3 September 2010 Creole Languages in a World-Wide Perspective SUSANNE MICHAELIS Max-Planck-Institut für evolutionäre Anthropologie & Universität Gießen Class 2, 24 August 2010 1. Towards a systematic comparison of pidgin and creole language structures • Creole studies have seen various ambitious attempts at explaining the grammatical features of creole languages (substrates, superstrates, and universal principles) • BUT: many of these claims were often based on a relatively small amount of merely suggestive data of only one or a few languages (e.g. Bickerton 1981, Chaudenson 1990); even McWhorter (1998, 2001) does not base his claims on a solid systematic database. 1 Some earlier comparative creole studies, e.g. • Ivens Ferraz (1987) for Portuguese-based creoles • Goodman (1964) for French-based creoles • Hancock (1987) for Atlantic English-based creoles • Baker (1993) for Pacific English-based pidgins/creoles Holm & Patrick (2007), Comparative creole syntax (London: Battlebridge) 2 • the first collaborative project: 18 creole languages are described with respect to a questionnaire of 97 morphosyntactic features • limited to morphosyntax, to 18 languages, and to a book publication without automatic search options • no summarizing tables for all creoles, no synopses • features are Atlantic-biased • some mixing of synchronic and diachronic features, e.g. 8.5 Subordinator from superstrate 'that'; 15.3 Definite article (from superstrate deictic) 2. The APiCS project • large-scale -
An Introduction to Linguistic Typology
An Introduction to Linguistic Typology An Introduction to Linguistic Typology Viveka Velupillai University of Giessen John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam / Philadelphia TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of 8 the American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data An introduction to linguistic typology / Viveka Velupillai. â. p cm. â Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Typology (Linguistics) 2. Linguistic universals. I. Title. P204.V45 â 2012 415--dc23 2012020909 isbn 978 90 272 1198 9 (Hb; alk. paper) isbn 978 90 272 1199 6 (Pb; alk. paper) isbn 978 90 272 7350 5 (Eb) © 2012 – John Benjamins B.V. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. John Benjamins Publishing Company • P.O. Box 36224 • 1020 me Amsterdam • The Netherlands John Benjamins North America • P.O. Box 27519 • Philadelphia PA 19118-0519 • USA V. Velupillai: Introduction to Typology NON-PUBLIC VERSION: PLEASE DO NOT CITE OR DISSEMINATE!! ForFor AlTô VelaVela anchoranchor and and inspiration inspiration 2 Table of contents Acknowledgements xv Abbreviations xvii Abbreviations for sign language names xx Database acronyms xxi Languages cited in chapter 1 xxii 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Fast forward from the past to the present 1 1.2 The purpose of this book 3 1.3 Conventions 5 1.3.1 Some remarks on the languages cited in this book 5 1.3.2 Some remarks on the examples in this book 8 1.4 The structure of this book 10 1.5 Keywords 12 1.6 Exercises 12 Languages cited in chapter 2 14 2.