An Entertaining Biography. Just Published. the Life Travels and Books Op Alexander Von Humboldt. with an Introduction By
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The Napoleon Series
The Napoleon Series Officers of the Anhalt Duchies who Fought in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1789-1815: Anhalt-Köthen-Pleß, Friedrich Ferdinand, Prince, and then Duke of By Daniel Clarke Friedrich Ferdinand, Duke of Anhalt-Köthen-Pleß was born on June 25, 1769 in Pleß, or Pless, (Pszczyna), Upper Silesia, Prussia. He was the second son of Friedrich Erdmann, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen-Pleß (1731-1797), a Generalleutnant in the Prussian army, and his wife Louise Ferdinande of Stolberg-Wernigerode. He was therefore the older brother of Heinrich (1778-1847) and Christian Friedrich (1780-1813). In August 1803 Friedrich married Marie Dorothea Henriette Luise, Princess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg- Beck, but she died that November. He married again in May 1816 to Julia of Brandenburg, a daughter of King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia, and they had no children. Friedrich entered Prussian service as a Lieutenant in September 1786 in the 15th Infantry Regiment, von Kunitzky. Just under two years later, in March 1788, he became a Staff Captain in the 28th Infantry Regiment, von Kalckstein, but two months later he was made a Line Captain and company commander in the same regiment. When the French Revolutionary Wars began in 1792, he was promoted to Major on May 6 of that year and transferred to the 10th Fusilier (Light Infantry) Battalion, von Forcade—which changed its title to von Martini later in 1792. For his actions in 1792 he was given the Pour le Mérite in January 1793. With his battalion Friedrich fought with distinction in a host of engagements including at Hochheim on January 6 and Alsheim on March 30, 1793, where he was wounded on both occasions. -
A Welcome to Issue Number 2 of Iron Cross by Lord Ashcroft
COLUMN A welcome to Issue Number 2 of Iron Cross by Lord Ashcroft am delighted to have been asked to write a welcome Germany was an empire of 25 “states”; four kingdoms, six to this the second issue of Iron Cross magazine and to grand duchies, seven principalities and three Hanseatic be able to commend this splendid publication to the free cities. reader as an important historical journal. It provides Most had their own armies, even though some were Ian honest and objective look at German military history extremely small, consisting of just a single infantry from 1914 to 1945 for the first time. regiment. In most cases, these armies were trained, Over the past 33 years, I have built up the world’s organised and equipped after the Prussian model. largest collection of Victoria Crosses, Britain and the Although in wartime, these armies fell under the control Commonwealth’s premier gallantry award for bravery of the Prussian General Staff, the creation and bestowal ■ A selection of German gallantry awards from the First World War: L to R, Prussian Iron Cross 2nd Class, Prussian Knight’s Cross of the Royal House Order in the face of the enemy. As such, I am now the humble of gallantry awards remained a privilege of the territorial of Hohenzollern with Swords, Military Merit Cross 2nd Class of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Hamburg Hanseatic Cross and Honour Cross of custodian of more than 200 VCs from a total of over lords and sovereigns of the Reich. The reality was that the World War. -
State and Local Immigration Regulation in the United States Before 1882
BENJAMIN J. KLEBANER STATE AND LOCAL IMMIGRATION REGULATION IN THE UNITED STATES BEFORE 1882 The absence of significant federal regulation in the area of immigration legislation until 1882 1 no more denotes a laissez-faire approach in this area than in many other aspects of American economic life. For many generations Congress had left the task of regulating the immigrant stream to the states and localities.2 The first general federal law (1882) is best understood in the context of antecedent activity on the local level. Eventually most of the seaboard states, including many without an important passenger traffic, enacted statutes dealing with immi- gration. Table I presents a brief outline of their essential features. After a consideration of certain aspects of the provisions of these laws, their administration in the major seaports will be surveyed. It will then be shown how the increasing opposition by business inter- ests to state legislation, culminating in decisions by the Supreme Court declaring such regulation unconstitutional, eventually paved the way for the 1882 Act of Congress. I. THE STATUTORY BACKGROUND Nine of the thirteen colonies reflected in their enactments the desire to protect the community from the burden of foreigners likely to 1 Federal space and sanitation requirements, however, date back to 1819. Federal legis- lation is conveniently compiled in U.S. Immigration Commission, Reports, vol. XXXIX (Washington, 1911). Cf. John Higham, Strangers in the Land (New Brunswick, N. J.; Rutgers University Press, 1955), p. 44. This article does not discuss legislation enacted in a number of states which barred foreign convicts. - The author acknowledges with gratitude the many helpful suggestions made by Professor Carter Goodrich, who super- vised his doctoral thesis "Public Poor Relief in America, 1790-1860" (Columbia University, 1952) from which much of the material for this article is taken. -
Vollmer, Double Life Doppelleben
Antje Vollmer, A Double Life - Doppelleben Page 1 of 46 TITLE PAGE Antje Vollmer A Double Life. Heinrich and Gottliebe von Lehndorff and Their Resistance against Hitler and von Ribbentrop With a recollection of Gottliebe von Lehndorff by Hanna Schygulla, an essay on Steinort Castle by art historian Kilian Heck, and unpublished photos and original documents Sample translation by Philip Schmitz Eichborn. Frankfurt am Main 2010 © Eichborn AG, Frankfurt am Main, September 2010 Antje Vollmer, A Double Life - Doppelleben Page 2 of 46 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface History and Interest /9/ Six Brief Profiles /15/ Family Stories I – Illustrious Forebears /25/ Family Stories II – Dandies and Their Equestrian Obsession /35/ Childhood in Preyl /47/ The Shaping of Pupil Lehndorff /59/ Apprenticeship and Journeyman Years /76/ The Young Countess /84/ The Emancipation of a Young Noblewoman /92/ From Bogotá to Berlin /101/ Excursion: The Origin, Life Style, and Consciousness of the Aristocracy /108/ Aristocrats as Reactionaries and Dissidents during the Weimar Period /115/ A Young Couple. Time Passes Differently /124/ A Warm Autumn Day /142/ The Decision to Lead a Double Life /151/ Hitler's Various Headquarters and "Wolfschanze” /163/ Joachim von Ribbentrop at Steinort /180/ Military Resistance and Assassination Attempts /198/ The Conspirators Surrounding Henning von Tresckow /210/ Private Life in the Shadow of the Conspiracy /233/ The Days before the Assassination Attempt /246/ July 20 th at Steinort /251/ The Following Day /264/ Uncertainty /270/ On the Run /277/ “Sippenhaft.” The Entire Family Is Arrested /285/ Interrogation by the Gestapo /302/ Before the People's Court /319/ The Escape to the West and Final Certainty /334/ The Farewell Letter /340/ Flashbacks /352/ Epilogue by Hanna Schygulla – My Friend Gottliebe /370/ Kilian Heck – From Baroque Castle to Fortress of the Order. -
K SELECTION of GRAND CROSS STARS
To those who are not acquainted with Staekgs we remind you that we are one of America~s oldest and largest dealers in coins and paper money. In this issue of your magazine we wish to announce to the serious collector that we now have a fine stock of Orders, Decorations and Medals for sale. All pieces are guaranteed genuine and accurately described. We do not have a printed list. Send us your wants and we will do our best to fill them. Let us know what you have to sell. We are interested in high quality material and pay top cash prices. k SELECTION OF GRAND CROSS STARS Unless otherwise noted the Stars listed below are all in very fine condition or better. They can be con- sidered prime specimens, and each and every one guaranteed genuine. PRUSSIA The Order of the Black Eagle. The Star of the Order in silver with gold and enamel center. This is a fine specimen of the Star of one of the highest Orders in old Europe. $90.00 The Order of the Red Eagle, The Star of the First Class in silver and enamel. $55.00 SAXONY The Order of Albert. The Star of the Grand Cross with swords, al! in silver gilt and ename!. $40.00 The Order of Albert. The Star of the First Class in silver with gih and and enamel centers. $35.00 SAX WEIMAR The Order of the Falcon. The Star of the Grand Cross in cut silver with gold and enatnel centers. There is slight chipping of the blue enamel ring bearing the motto. -
GERMAN IMMIGRANTS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, and the RECONSTRUCTION of CITIZENSHIP, 1865-1877 DISSERTATION Presented In
NEW CITIZENS: GERMAN IMMIGRANTS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF CITIZENSHIP, 1865-1877 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Alison Clark Efford, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Doctoral Examination Committee: Professor John L. Brooke, Adviser Approved by Professor Mitchell Snay ____________________________ Adviser Professor Michael L. Benedict Department of History Graduate Program Professor Kevin Boyle ABSTRACT This work explores how German immigrants influenced the reshaping of American citizenship following the Civil War and emancipation. It takes a new approach to old questions: How did African American men achieve citizenship rights under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments? Why were those rights only inconsistently protected for over a century? German Americans had a distinctive effect on the outcome of Reconstruction because they contributed a significant number of votes to the ruling Republican Party, they remained sensitive to European events, and most of all, they were acutely conscious of their own status as new American citizens. Drawing on the rich yet largely untapped supply of German-language periodicals and correspondence in Missouri, Ohio, and Washington, D.C., I recover the debate over citizenship within the German-American public sphere and evaluate its national ramifications. Partisan, religious, and class differences colored how immigrants approached African American rights. Yet for all the divisions among German Americans, their collective response to the Revolutions of 1848 and the Franco-Prussian War and German unification in 1870 and 1871 left its mark on the opportunities and disappointments of Reconstruction. -
Bibliography
BIBLIOGRAPHY GENERAL ISSUES RELIGIONS AND PHILOSOPHY FIORANI, ELEONORA. Friedrich Engels e il materialismo dialettico. Feltrinelli Editore, Milano 1971. 272 pp. L. 3000. Engels's Anti-Diihring, Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy and Dialectics of Nature are the writings most elaborated upon by the author, who, refuting efforts to draw a line between Marx and Engels as regards their later followers, stresses Engels's contribution to Marxism. She argues that his contribution to dialectical materialism is still important for a clarification of topical issues, and makes some comments on the vicissitudes of diamat in the USSR. A chronology of Engels's life and an annotated bibliography are appended. HARTMANN, KLAUS. Die Marxsche Theorie. Eine philosophische Unter- suchung zu den Hauptschriften. Walter de Gruyter & Co, Berlin 1970. xii, 593 pp. DM 78.00. The author of this learned study undertakes a re-appraisal of Marx's theory from a purely philosophical angle. He criticizes Popper's theses (and lack of understanding of Hegelianism), but his own refutation of Marxian views brings him closer to Popper's. It is denied that a dialectical process going on in reality could justifiably be made to fit in the chain of historical necessity. Besides Marx's more philosophical writings all his major works, especially Capital, come up for discussion. Interesting are the comments on Marxist and non-Marxist evaluations of our time (Sartre, Habermas etc.). WILDERMUTH, ARMIN. Marx und die Verwirklichung der Philosophic. Martinus Nijhoff, Den Haag 1970. xii, 852 pp. (in 2 vols.) Hfl. 90.00. "The synthetic unity [of inter-subjective and object-related communications] constitutes the indissoluble process of the 'social movement', the total process of human self-reproduction. -
University of New South Wales 2005 UNIVERSITY of NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Project Report Sheet
BÜRGERTUM OHNE RAUM: German Liberalism and Imperialism, 1848-1884, 1918-1943. Matthew P Fitzpatrick A thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of New South Wales 2005 UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Project Report Sheet Surname or Family name: Fitzpatrick First name: Matthew Other name/s: Peter Abbreviation for degree as given in the University calendar: PhD. School: History Faculty: Arts Title: Bürgertum Ohne Raum: German Liberalism and Imperialism 1848-1884, 1918-1943. Abstract This thesis situates the emergence of German imperialist theory and praxis during the nineteenth century within the context of the ascendancy of German liberalism. It also contends that imperialism was an integral part of a liberal sense of German national identity. It is divided into an introduction, four parts and a set of conclusions. The introduction is a methodological and theoretical orientation. It offers an historiographical overview and places the thesis within the broader historiographical context. It also discusses the utility of post-colonial theory and various theories of nationalism and nation-building. Part One examines the emergence of expansionism within liberal circles prior to and during the period of 1848/ 49. It examines the consolidation of expansionist theory and political practice, particularly as exemplified in the Frankfurt National Assembly and the works of Friedrich List. Part Two examines the persistence of imperialist theorising and praxis in the post-revolutionary era. It scrutinises the role of liberal associations, civil society, the press and the private sector in maintaining expansionist energies up until the 1884 decision to establish state-protected colonies. Part Three focuses on the cultural transmission of imperialist values through the sciences, media and fiction. -
German Studies the ROMANTIC
German Studies THE ROMANTIC ERA Bye. A. S. WALKER,SeniorLecturerin German at The Queen's University ofBelfast I. GENERAL STUDIES Die Erhebung gegen Napoleon 1806-1814/15, ed. Hans-Bernd Spies (Quellen zum politischen Denken der Deutschen im 19. und 20. Jh., 2), WBG, ix + 472 pp., is an extremely valuable collection of source material for any student of the history or literature of this period. Included are previously published letters, articles, pamphlets, ser mons, poems by Arndt, Fouque, Garres, Hoffmann, Kleist, Jean Paul, the Schlegel brothers, Schleiermacher, etc., all written within these nine years and presented in strict chronological order. The poems are given in full; other items are often in extract. Brieffootnotes are provided, and there is a useful introduction. Interpretation of the material is largely left to the reader. Frauenbriefe der Romantik, ed. Katja Behrens (Insel Taschenbuch, 545), Frankfurt, Insel, 449 pp. + 18 illus, contains a selection ofletters by Karoline von Giinderode, Bettina von Arnim, Rahel Varnhagen, Caroline Schlegel-Schelling, Dorothea Veit-Schlegel, and Susette Gontard. There are adequate notes, a list of persons mentioned, a perceptive postscript, but no index. Dichter-Garten. Erster Gang: Violen, ed. Gerhard Schulz (Seltene Texte aus der deutschen Romantik, 2), Bern, Lang, 1979,38 + vii + 362 pp., isa facsimile reprint of the 1807 edition, which was edited by 'Rostorf' (Novalis's brother, Karl von Hardenberg), and which contains poems by him, and by Friedrich Schlegel, 'Sylvester' (Georg Anton von Hardenberg), and Sophie Bernhardi, as well as the latter's tragedy Egidio und Isabella. Schulz gives a succinct account of the significance of this anthology for the Romantic movement. -
Author Interview--David T. Dixon (Radical Warrior) Part 2
H-CivWar Author Interview--David T. Dixon (Radical Warrior) Part 2 Discussion published by Niels Eichhorn on Thursday, September 24, 2020 Hello H-CivWar Readers: Today we feature the second part of our interview with David T. Dixon to talk about his new book Radical Warrior: August Willich’s Journey from German Revolutionary to Union General, which came out with the University of Tennessee Press. Part 1 Obviously, I completely agree with your attitude about giving more attention to European experiences of European immigrants. At the same time, Willich seems torn in Europe. In part he is something of an ideologue but he does have his military background and much of his 1848 work is military. Do you think of him more as a soldier or as a political reformer in Europe, especially in 1848? DTD: Willich certainly had a difficult time breaking away for his military career, but by 1847 he was so utterly consumed with the plight of working class people and the disregard of their welfare by the monarchs of Europe, that he dedicated himself to radical political and social change for the rest of his life. I see him as a far-left activist who believed that violent revolution in Europe by an armed citizenry was the only feasible path to a more just and equitable society. So, in that sense, his military training and skills, combined with strong leadership talents, made him well-suited for the rebellion that took place in 1848 and 1849. So, he sounds very similar to Karl Marx. How did the two get along with each other? DTD: Not well. -
Rahel Varnhagen and Florine Stettheimer Successfully Constructed an Alternative Social Sphere in Their Own Homes Ironically, Traditionally Domestic Domains
MA MAJOR RESEARCH PAPER Thrc~lds of Je\vish Identity in Salon Culture: Rahel Varnhagen and Florine Stettheimer RACHEL FROHLICH Supervisor: Dr. Irene Gammel Reader: Dr. Ruth Panofsky The Major Research Paper is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Joint Graduate Program in Communication & Culture Ryerson University - York University Toronto, Ontario, Canada September 16, 2009 Florine Stettheimer, Soiree (1917-19), 28 x 30 in. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven. Acknowledgements I wish to express my appreciation and deepest gratitude to those who inspired and supported my research and progress throughout the writing process. For her expert guidance and support in developing this major research paper, I am indebted to my supervisor, Dr. Irene Gammel, whose enthusiastic approach to modernist literary circles along with the 2008 graduate student exhibit, The Moveable Feast: Experience the Modernist Salon at Ryerson University first sparked my interest in this topic. I would also like to thank my second reader, Dr. Ruth Panofsky, for her expert and timely feedback, which further strengthened my argument throughout. I would also like to thank my mother and father, Barbara and Allan Frohlich, for their love and vital support of my academic endeavours. Rachel Frohlich Table of Contents Introduction: What is a Salon? 1 1. Rahel Varnhagen's Salon: A Space of Assimilation 10 2. Florine Stettheimer's Salon: Social Harmony 25 3. The Salon as an Alternative Space 41 Works Cited 43 Appendix 48 1 Introduction: What is a Salon? Sociability. -
Orders, Medals and Decorations
Orders, Medals and Decorations To be sold by auction at: Sotheby’s, in the Lower Grosvenor Gallery The Aeolian Hall, Bloomfield Place New Bond Street London W1A 2AA Day of Sale: Thursday 1 December 2016 at 12.00 noon and 2.30 pm Public viewing: Nash House, St George Street, London W1S 2FQ Monday 28 November 10.00 am to 4.30 pm Tuesday 29 November 10.00 am to 4.30 pm Wednesday 30 November 10.00 am to 4.30 pm Or by previous appointment. Catalogue no. 83 Price £15 Enquiries: Paul Wood, David Kirk or James Morton Cover illustrations: Lot 239 (front); lot 344 (back); lot 35 (inside front); lot 217 (inside back) Tel.: +44 (0)20 7493 5344 Fax: +44 (0)20 7495 6325 Email: [email protected] Website: www.mortonandeden.com This auction is conducted by Morton & Eden Ltd. in accordance with our Conditions of Business printed at the back of this catalogue. All questions and comments relating to the operation of this sale or to its content should be addressed to Morton & Eden Ltd. and not to Sotheby’s. Online Bidding This auction can be viewed online at www.the-saleroom.com, www.numisbids.com and www.sixbid.com. Morton & Eden Ltd offers an online bidding service via www.the-saleroom.com. This is provided on the under- standing that Morton & Eden Ltd shall not be responsible for errors or failures to execute internet bids for reasons including but not limited to: i) a loss of internet connection by either party; ii) a breakdown or other problems with the online bidding software; iii) a breakdown or other problems with your computer, system or internet connec- tion.