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Anatomical and Methodological Descriptions Leading to Optimize Corneal Refractive Surgery Procedures Imène Salah-Mabed

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Anatomical and Methodological Descriptions Leading to Optimize Corneal Refractive Surgery Procedures Imène Salah-Mabed Anatomical and methodological descriptions leading to optimize corneal refractive surgery procedures Imène Salah-Mabed To cite this version: Imène Salah-Mabed. Anatomical and methodological descriptions leading to optimize corneal refrac- tive surgery procedures. Bioengineering. Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), 2018. English. NNT : 2018SACLS164. tel-01895622 HAL Id: tel-01895622 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01895622 Submitted on 15 Oct 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Descriptions anatomiques et méthodologiques aux fins d’optimisation de techniques de chirurgie cornéenne à visée réfractive 2018SACLS164 Thèse de doctorat de l'Université Paris-Saclay NNT: Préparée à l’université Paris Sud Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée (LOA) ENSTA ParisTech, École Polytechnique, CNRS UMR 7639 École doctorale n°572 Ondes et Matière (EDOM) Spécialité de doctorat : Milieux dilués et optique fondamentale Thèse présentée et soutenue à Palaiseau, le 22 Juin 2018, par Imène SALAH-MABED Composition du Jury : Nathalie WESTBROOK, Professeure. IOGS, Palaiseau Président du jury Florent APTEL, PU-PH. CHU Grenoble Alpes Rapporteur Holger LUBATSCHOWSKI, Professeur. Dr, CEO Rowiak, Hanovre Rapporteur Marie-Claire SCHANNE-KLEIN, Directeur de recherche. Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau Examinateur Karsten PLAMANN, Professeur de l’ENSTA ParisTech, Palaiseau Directeur de thèse Damien GATINEL, Docteur en médecine. Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris Co-Directeur de thèse i Table of Contents Acknowledgment.............................................................................................. v Figures and Tables ........................................................................................ vii Abbreviations .................................................................................................... x Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1: Optics of the human eye ........................................................... 5 1.1 Overview of the human eye ....................................................................... 5 1.1.1 Anatomy of the human eye ..................................................................................... 5 1.1.2 The cornea ................................................................................................................. 6 1.1.3 The pupil .................................................................................................................... 9 1.1.4 The axis of the eye ................................................................................................. 11 1.1.5 The retina ................................................................................................................. 14 1.2 The light ........................................................................................................ 16 1.3 Optical phenomena influencing the formation of the image ......... 18 1.3.1 Specular reflection .................................................................................................. 18 1.3.2 Absorption ................................................................................................................ 19 1.3.3 Diffraction ................................................................................................................. 21 1.3.4 Light scattering ........................................................................................................ 21 1.3.5 Optical aberrations ................................................................................................. 22 1.3.6 Resolution limit of the retina ................................................................................. 27 1.3.7 Stiles-Crawford effect ............................................................................................. 27 1.4 Assessment of the quality of vision ..................................................... 28 1.4.1 Visual Acuity (“VA”) ................................................................................................ 29 1.4.2 Contrast Sensitivity (“CS”) ..................................................................................... 29 1.4.3 Depth of Field (“DOF”) ........................................................................................... 30 1.4.4 Root Mean Square (“RMS”) .................................................................................. 31 1.4.5 Optical Transfer Function (“OTF”) ....................................................................... 31 Université Paris-Saclay ii Chapter 2: Overview and importance of refractive surgery techniques ........................................................................................................ 33 2.1 History and development of laser-assisted refractive surgery ..... 33 2.1.1 History of refractive surgery .................................................................................. 33 2.1.2 Development of laser-assisted refractive surgery techniques ......................... 36 2.1 Classification of refractive surgery techniques ................................ 36 2.1.1 Interaction between laser and cornea ................................................................. 36 2.1.2 Classification ........................................................................................................... 38 2.2 Socio-economic weight and perspectives of laser-assisted refractive surgery .................................................................................................... 44 Chapter 3: Materials and methods ............................................................ 47 3.1 General methodology ............................................................................... 47 3.2 Materials ....................................................................................................... 49 3.2.1 Measurement instruments ..................................................................................... 49 3.2.2 Surgical instruments ............................................................................................... 50 Chapter 4: Pupil dynamics in refractive surgery .................................. 54 4.1 Assessing repeatability of pupillometric measurements in the eyes of refractive surgery candidates using infrared pupillometer .................... 54 4.1.1 Abstract .................................................................................................................... 54 4.1.2 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 55 4.1.3 Patients and Methods ............................................................................................ 56 4.1.4 Results...................................................................................................................... 60 4.1.5 Discussion ............................................................................................................... 63 4.2 Measurement of pupil centre shift in refractive surgery candidates Caucasian eyes using infrared pupillometry ................................................... 67 4.2.1 Abstract .................................................................................................................... 67 4.2.2 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 68 4.2.3 Patients and Methods ............................................................................................ 69 4.2.4 Results...................................................................................................................... 71 4.2.5 Discussion ............................................................................................................ 76 Université Paris-Saclay iii 4.3 Assessment of pupil dynamics and biometry in eyes undergoing cataract surgery ....................................................................................................... 81 4.3.1 Abstract .................................................................................................................... 81 4.3.2 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 82 4.3.3 Patients and methods ............................................................................................ 83 4.3.4 Results...................................................................................................................... 86 4.3.5 Discussion ............................................................................................................... 91 Chapter 5: Importance of the corneal epithelium in refractive surgery ............................................................................................................................. 95 5.1 Topography of the corneal epithelium and the bowman layer in low to moderately myopic eyes
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