E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:39 Uhr Seite 1
Allianz Safety Dictionary 2010 Formula OneTM at a glance
www.sponsoring.allianz.com E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:39 Uhr Seite 2 Introduction
Dear reader,
Keep safety in your own The season2010 hands – AT&T Williams drivers Rubens Barrichello As one of the leading Financial Services Providers and and Nico Hülkenberg share important safety Insurance Companies worldwide, the topic of road messages: safety is extremely important to us. Did you know that 3,000 people die in traffic accidents every day and
Protect yourself! approximately 30,000 people are seriously injured? Formula One “Off the track, Formula One drivers are also responsible for their own safety. Wearing a seatbelt is 1 of the easiest ways
These numbers cannot be ignored and we feel it is our TM to protect yourself. Did you know that in responsibility to act! Therefore, in the 1970´s we from A-Z the event of an accident, wearing a seatbelt can reduce the risk of an injury? founded the Allianz Center for Technology (AZT) which So every time you’re at the wheel, specializes in decreasing damage severity as well as remember to wear your seatbelt. damage frequency. Every week, the Allianz Center for Formula One On themove– Stay in control! Technology runs crash tests aimed at improving the “When it comes to driving most people 100 TM
seriously underestimate the consequences safety of everyone on the road – including the 50 since 1950 60 1400 of speeding. When driving in your car at million drivers around the world with Allianz insurance. only 50 kmph, having an accident is like falling from a 10 m height. Remember that km/h the more you speed the higher you fall. Since we first became involved in Formula One, Allianz with BerndMayländer On track Don’t speed and always wear your seatbelt.” have been utilizing the platform to increase the
Say No! awareness for road safety topics. Formula One is more “When it comes to drinking, a lot of people than just fast cars and innovative technology – it is also really misjudge the effect that alcohol has on their system. Only 1 pint of beer the pinnacle of safety development: a benchmark for dramatically reduces your ability to drive. road traffic. By utilizing Formula One, we aim to reduce So imagine, what happens, if you drink traffic accidents and increase accident awareness. Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology another. When it comes to driving, even 1 glass is a glass too much.” The following pages will show you these facets of Formula One. We hope you enjoy it, and keep in mind: Don’t forget! “Our team is able to perform a pit stop in Safety always comes first! about 4 seconds – but in real life 4 seconds are not sufficient. Spend enough time on car maintenance and check the Sandra Nulty oil-level, tires and brakes regularly.” Allianz Group Market Management
Please find out more about the Allianz commitment 2 to safety at www.sponsoring.allianz.com 3 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:39 Uhr Seite 4 Introduction
Allianz Formula OneTM Safety Dictionary 2010 Formula OneTM dates at a glance Content The 2010 season FIA Formula One™ World Championship Race Calendar The season2010
The 2010 season – Race Calendar 5 19 races, in 18 countries, across 4 continents – pure excitement is guaranteed once again during the 2010 The 2010 season – Circuits 6 Formula One season.
The 2010 season – Regulations 25 Manama, Bahrain 12.03.2010 - 14.03.2010 Formula One
Melbourne, Australia 26.03.2010 - 28.03.2010 Formula OneTM from A-Z 34 TM
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 02.04.2010 - 04.04.2010 from A-Z
TM On the move – Formula One since 1950 57 Shanghai, China 16.04.2010 - 18.04.2010
Barcelona, Spain 07.05.2010 – 09.05.2010 On track with Bernd Mayländer 76 Formula One On themove– Monte Carlo, Monaco 14.05.2010 - 16.05.2010
Safety and Technology 84 TM Istanbul, Turkey 28.05.2010 - 30.05.2010 since 1950
Facts and Figures 86 Montreal, Canada 11.06.2010 - 13.06.2010
Valencia, Europe 25.06.2010 - 27.06.2010 with BerndMayländer On track
Silverstone, Great Britain 09.07.2010 - 11.07.2010
Hockenheimring, Germany 23.07.2010 - 25.07.2010
Budapest, Hungary 30.07.2010 - 01.08.2010
Spa, Belgium 27.08.2010 - 29.08.2010 aeyadTcnlg Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology
Monza, Italy 10.09.2010 - 12.09.2010
Singapore 24.09.2010 - 26.09.2010
Suzuka, Japan 08.10.2010 - 10.10.2010
Yeongum, Korea 22.10.2010 - 24.10.2010
São Paulo, Brazil 05.11.2010 - 07.11.2010
Abu Dhabi, 12.11.2010 - 14.11.2010 4 United Arab Emirates 5 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 06.03.2010 12:49 Uhr Seite 6 nrdcinTheseason2010 Introduction
Track by track The 2010 Season Circuits
Bahrain International Circuit – Manama, Bahrain Albert Park Grand Prix Circuit – Melbourne, Australia
Bahrain International Circuit, Bahrain Albert Park, Australia March 12-14, 2010 | 1st of 19 races March 26-28, 2010 | 2nd of 19 races Formula One
6 2,7 49 laps x 6.299 km = 308.651 km 58 laps x 5.303 km = 307.574 km 3 2,9 255 7 0,2 134 8 Critical Point Critical Point 280 Commentary On The Track 2 2,8 8 Commentary On The Track challenging 111 5 overtaking 6 TM 3 2,4 Very tight left turn, slippery – from A-Z Bernd Mayländer 6 Bernd Mayländer 7 1,2 7 4 7 Exploiting the rival’s especially under wet Official Formula 1™ Safety Car driver 9 3 2,1 Official Formula 1™ Safety Car driver 4 2,5 115 7 0,3 10 slipstream on the long 283 conditions. Vital for top 300 126 straight and braking late, 186 Positioned in the middle of the desert 21 The circuit built around Albert Park Lake 9 speed on the finishing the main characteristic of the Bahrain 13 12 this corner can provide combines a permanent and street straight. 10 course is the giant run-off areas, 11 an excellent overtaking track. The course is fairly demanding opportunity. which have made Bahrain one of the 14 and tricky for the drivers as it is quite 5 5 4,5 20 6 3,5 6 4,6 233 7 1,6 safest tracks in the world. However, fast and also contains many 239
255 284 Formula One On themove– sand on the track can result in loss of challenging corners. 6 4,0 15 6 0,8 grip in the turns and additional 5 3,3 6 2,0 226 7 0,7 253 251 thermal problems, if it gets into the car. 205 3 3,1 12 296 17 4 145 4 2,9 5 2,6 16 1 2,0 2 1,8 11 3 79 200 13 221 3 92 TM 7 1,0 3 3,0 19 since 1950 7 3,4 292 2 2 138 3 3,3 18 5 2,9 305 15 158 1 2,3 182 2 1,9 7 0,2 7 0,2 1 Pit Lane 63 284 300 84 14 Gear/Lateral G-force 1 Pit Lane 22 Gear/Lateral G-force 2 1,6 2 1,6 Critical Point 80 Speed (kmph) 23 80 Speed (kmph) dangerous 5 3,6 1 1,5 7 0,2 Critical Point Start/ Run-off areas, 63 300 Run-off areas, Tight right-hander after 4 2,6 16 205
Finish with BerndMayländer On track gravel/asphalt challenging Start/ 3 3 2,3 gravel/asphalt long straight – late braking 7 3,4 180 Off-camber left-hand bend Finish 128 might end in gravel bed. 305 5 1,7 5 0,9 with barely visible entry – 238 232 Critical Points Critical Points hard braking under lateral load. Status: January 06, 2010 http://sponsoring.allianz.com Status: January 06, 2010 http://sponsoring.allianz.com aeyadTcnlg Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology
6 7 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:39 Uhr Seite 8 Introduction The season2010
Sepang International Circuit – Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Shanghai International Circuit – Shanghai, China
Sepang Circuit, Malaysia Shanghai International Circuit, China April 02-04, 2010 | 3rd of 19 races April 16-18, 2010 | 4th of 19 races Formula One Critical Point 2 2,9 5 1,8 overtaking 110 236 56 laps x 5.543 km = 310.408 km 6 3,9 7 0,1 56 laps x 5.451 km = 305.256 km Long right-hander after 248 280 Commentary On The Track finishing straight – 4 Commentary On The Track 1 6 – 2 2,0 TM opportunity to overtake 6 2,5 Bernd Mayländer by braking late. 6 4,0 6 Bernd Mayländer 2 295 76 from A-Z Official Formula 1™ Safety Car driver 252 Official Formula 1™ Safety Car driver 252 7 0,1 2 2,5 7 Critical Point 5 The Grand Prix in Malaysia is extremely 287 5 84 4 3,0 Shanghai is a very exciting circuit, but challenging 6 191 3 hot and humid, which makes it a it is also a very tiring Grand Prix. Fast entry into tightening 7 3,2 rather physical track and therefore 15 8 4 3,5 Turns 1, 2 and 3 in particular are rather right-hander – difficult to 311 4 203 find the perfect racing line. one of the most exhausting circuits. 3 Pit difficult to get right due to the fast The high temperatures can also result 5 2,5 Lane entry into tighter turns. The Shanghai Critical Point in tire problems, which also affect 242 Start/ 7 – circuit is ideal for overtaking as it has critical Formula One On themove– 7 0,3 7 302 2 2,0 the braking deceleration. Rain is also 2 2,0 Finish 301 the longest straight on the Formula Tight left-hander. Its exit an issue in Malaysia and sometimes 70 One race calendar. Heavy rain often Start/ 85 determines the top speed 7 0,4 can end a race. causes long Safety Car deployments. Finish on the following long 281 2 2,2 6 3,0 straight.
270 TM 2 9 4 2,6 71 10 since 1950 6 1,6 183 8 2 2,2 251 Pit 9 12 76 7 0,2 Lane 6 0,3 2 2,0 1 299 5 1,9 261 85 11 2 2,0 4 2,9 3 2,2 2 1,6 Gear/Lateral G-force 12 225 2 1,6 Gear/Lateral G-force 10 14 73 159 108 80 Speed (kmph) Critical Point 80 Speed (kmph) 13 15 11 Run-off areas, critical Run-off areas,
6 16 with BerndMayländer On track gravel/asphalt Point of hard braking. Entry gravel/asphalt 13 into corner not visible – 6 4,0 3 2,6 important to carry as much 6 3,4 257 152 14 Critical Points Critical Points 7 – 6 3,5 momentum as possible 269 317 250 onto the following straight. 2 2,4 Status: January 06, 2010 122 http://sponsoring.allianz.com Status: January 06, 2010 http://sponsoring.allianz.com aeyadTcnlg Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology
8 9 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:39 Uhr Seite 10 Introduction The season2010
Circuit de Catalunya – Barcelona, Spain Circuit de Monaco – Monte Carlo, Monaco
Circuit de Catalunya, Spain Circuit de Monaco, Monaco May 07-09, 2010 | 5th of 19 races May 13-16, 2010 | 6th of 19 races
Critical Point Formula One Critical Point critical fast corner 66 laps x 4.655 km = 307.230 km 78 laps x 3.340 km = 260.520 km Very busy in lap one – important Very fast uphill right-hander, 3 2,6 to carry momentum onto 128 Sainte Devote 1 6 0,7 7 1,1 3 3,5 1 2,0 bumby on entry – 3 2,3 the uphill climb to “Casino”. 237 269 126 79 Commentary On The Track concentration and sensitive Europcar 13 3 1,2 Commentary On The Track 2 1,5 125 TM 171 Mirabeau 5
use of throttle necessary. 111 from A-Z Bernd Mayländer Bernd Mayländer Official Formula 1™ Safety Car driver 12 Official Formula 1™ Safety Car driver 7 0,9 15 7 0,8 4 3,3 Many aspects of the “Circuit de 11 2 1,8 The Monaco race circuit has many 253 7 5 3,6 4 3,3 269 161 Casino 4 Catalunya” reached state of the art 95 elevation changes, tight corners, and 5 0,8 230 187 RACC 5 1,8 safety standards. However, the race a narrow course that makes it one of 246 14 Beau 205 6 track is extremely challenging La Caixa 10 16 the most demanding tracks. Despite Tabac Rivage 2 especially turn 9 (“Campsa”), which the fact that the course has had Massenet 3
9 Start/ Formula One On themove– is a quick right-hander with a bumpy changes several times during its 12 6 3,7 7 0,2 4 7 0,5 Finish 13 entry. Overtaking is rather difficult history, mainly to the benefit of safety, Piscine 202 2 1,5 286 291 2 1,8 4 3,3 10 on this race track. it is still considered the ultimate test 81 5 0,4 4 0,9 74 212 Pit 14 Pit of driving skills. Monaco is regarded Chicane 11 Tunnel 9 248 185 Lane Lane 6 3,6 Portier 8 3 3,0 the highlight of the Formula One race 15 7 1,2 4 3,6
207 TM 142 8 calendar. 289 158 1 2,4 3 3,0 1 1,7 16 47 since 1950 145 95 2 2,4 6 1,5 Start/Finish 2 1,1 262 7 102 95 4 2,4 17 2 1,6 Gear/Lateral G-force 5 6 2 1,6 Gear/Lateral G-force Anthony 190 80 Speed (kmph) 3 80 Speed (kmph) Noghes 19 Critical Point 1 1,7 La Rascasse 18 dangerous Run-off areas, 7 – Critical Point Run-off areas, 63 Out of the dark: exciting with BerndMayländer On track gravel/asphalt 311 overtaking gravel/asphalt tunnel at full speed, Abolafio 2 Critical Point 5 3,9 First corner after finishing drivers have to brake hard straight offers ideal dangerous for the chicane. Critical Points 235 3 3,0 Critical Points 1 opportunity to overtake. Fast chicane, blind on entry and 141 no run-off area on its exit – lots of Status: January 06, 2010 http://sponsoring.allianz.com Status: January 06, 2010 curb needed. http://sponsoring.allianz.com aeyadTcnlg Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology
10 11 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:39 Uhr Seite 12 Introduction The season2010
Istanbul Park – Istanbul, Turkey Circuit Gilles Villeneuve – Montreal, Canada
Istanbul Park, Turkey Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, Canada May 28-30, 2010 | 7th of 19 races June 11-13, 2010 | 8th of 19 races Formula One
58 laps x 5.338 km = 309.604 km Critical Point 70 laps x 4.361 km = 305.270 km critical 7 0,2 6 2,6 6 4,3 Critical Point Commentary On The Track 309 1 2,2 281 262 TM Very demanding Commentary On The Track dangerous 77 Virage Bernd Mayländer combination – critical for from A-Z 3 1,8 Bernd Mayländer Tight chicane after fast 6 1,2 Senna 2 Official Formula 1™ Safety Car driver top speed on finishing 156 straight. 4 1,4 Official Formula 1™ Safety Car driver straight – get it wrong and 294 2 0,7 The 5.9 km Istanbul race circuit has the 225 your race ends at the 136 challenging turn 8, which is an The race course is situated on an island 6 3,7 in the city of Montreal. The circuit is “Wall of Champions”. extremely fast, sweeping, left-hander 271 turn with four apexes. The race runs 3 2,2 quite fast, but the race track itself is 1 134 not as challenging as other tracks. It Pit Lane anti-clockwise, which is an additional 6 1,5 can be quite a strain on the drivers due Critical Point Formula One On themove– challenge for the drivers. 288 2 1,9 7 0,6 7 0,2 6 0,7 to high temperatures and the high critical 12 3 3,4 281 6 4,5 7 0,3 Start/ 3 93 310 304 full throttle quota. Also, there are not Extremely tight right-hander – 155 270 316 2 1,6 enough run-off zones, and the wall vital to catch the right line 13 Finish 99 outside the exit to the final chicane and carry momentum onto 4 called “wall of champions” is the following straight. 2 1,5 TM 5 1,1 since 1950 2 1,9 particularly challenging – if you get in 134 2 0,5 84 5 253 wrong, it may result in an early Droit du Casino 93 3 3,8 retirement from the race. 5 3,2 5 3,1 127 11 6 254 2 1,6 Gear/Lateral G-force 6 1,3 232 7 80 Speed (kmph) 284 2 1,6 Gear/Lateral G-force 6 0,7 Critical Point 80 Speed (kmph) 294 2 2,6 Run-off areas, Start/Finish 9 gravel/asphalt 2 1,6 6 0,3 fast corner 155 with BerndMayländer On track Run-off areas, 8 94 291 Very fast left-hander with gravel/asphalt 2,2 four apexes – extremely Critical Points 3 141 difficult to find the right 6 1,5 2 3,6 297 160 line. Critical Points L' Epingle 2 3,2 120 Status: January 06, 2010 http://sponsoring.allianz.com 1 1,6 10 Status: January 06, 2010 56 http://sponsoring.allianz.com aeyadTcnlg Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology
12 13 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 06.03.2010 12:50 Uhr Seite 14 nrdcinTheseason2010 Introduction
Valencia Street Circuit – Valencia, Spain Silverstone Circuit – Silverstone, Great Britain
Valencia Street Circuit, Europe Silverstone Circuit, Great Britain June 25-27, 2010 | 9th of 19 races July 09-11, 2010 | 10th of 19 races Formula One Critical Point 57 laps x 5.419 km = 308.883 km TBC laps x 5.900 km = TBC km challenging 2 2,0 4 2,5 5 2,8 2 – Fast right hand bend at 85 185 240 7 80 Commentary On The Track 8 Commentary On The Track the end of main straight.
7 3,7 TM 5 Can be taken flat out –
291 from A-Z Bernd Mayländer 2 Bernd Mayländer confidence in car an Critical Point 4 7 1,5 Official Formula 1™ Safety Car driver 6 7 1,0 9 Official Formula 1™ Safety Car driver absolute must. 5 3,9 critical 297 Becketts 4 Valencia is a street course next to the 3 300 Silverstone is the oldest continuously 211 Very fast and exciting harbor, however, unlike the “Monaco 6 – staged Formula One race but Copse Maggots 2 combination – vital for 290 a good laptime. Grand Prix”, it is a very fast circuit nonetheless a very an exciting track, 1 3 11 5 offering wide run-off zones at crucial 10 particularly when driving through Chapel 6 1 6 2,2 points. But of course there are also the “Becketts”, which results in fast 7 0,7 7 1,0
280 Formula One On themove– several narrow passages where drivers changes of direction. The 2010 Grand 294 295 Start/ 5 1,8 7 0,6 are in danger of touching the walls. Pit Prix additionally includes the new 252 4 – Finish Lane 301 A 90 degree turn opposite the start/ 6 – “Arena complex” - a section between Start/ 171 Finish finish line as well as the following hairpin 20 295 2 2,0 7 0,5 “Abbey” corner and “Brooklands” Hangar Straight offer great overtaking possibilities. 76 310 Critical Point which offers three additional Pit 4 2,9 24 overtaking opportunities. Lane 199 TM
22 25 critical since 1950 19 21 12 Stowe 2 2,0 23 7 – Carry all the momentum 3 2,7 18 13 possible from this corner 7 76 315 172 17 16 into the following full 6 2,1 Abbey 14 265 6 1,0 2 1,6 Gear/Lateral G-force 6 – 15 throttle passage – the key 2 1,6 Gear/Lateral G-force Brooklands 15 11 to a fast lap. Wood- 2 1,8 275 80 Speed (kmph) 7 – 280 80 Speed (kmph) 3 1,4 Critical Point 111 309 cote 17 133 Run-off areas, overtaking Run-off areas, Vale 8 2 1,5
4 3,0 with BerndMayländer On track gravel/asphalt Critical Point gravel/asphalt 2 2,9 Luffield 16 7 0,4 95 175 Brake late into this 90 154 288 9 overtaking degree right-hander and Critical Points Tight corner after long try to slip by rivals on the Critical Points straight – use rivals inside. 4 3,2 Club 10 slipstream and brake late 226 Status: January 06, 2010 to overtake. http://sponsoring.allianz.com Status: February 23, 2010 http://sponsoring.allianz.com aeyadTcnlg Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology
14 15 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:39 Uhr Seite 16 Introduction The season2010
Hockenheimring – Hockenheim, Germany Hungaroring – Budapest, Hungary
Hockenheimring, Germany Hungaroring, Hungary 23-25 July, 2010 | 11th of 19 races July 30- August 01, 2010 | 12th of 19 races
6 – 2 Formula One 310 67 laps x 4.574 km = 306.458 km 70 laps x 4.381 km = 306.670 km 11 Critical Point 3 2,5 5 2,9 Bernie Ecclestone Kurve critical 6 – 151 243 Commentary On The Track 4 3,2 Commentary On The Track 6 0,2 3 TM 211 Take this corner right to 326 6 2,4 271
4 from A-Z Bernd Mayländer accelerate up to 315 kmph 1 1,6 Bernd Mayländer 9 249 Official Formula 1™ Safety Car driver 2 1,9 on the following Official Formula 1™ Safety Car driver 10 12 93 6 2,2 59 2 1,6 4 2,5 2 1,7 The Hockenheim circuit was rebuilt in Parabolika. The Budapest-track is very challenging Nordkurve 285 105 171 113 14 the years 2001 and 2002. The now 1 and rather tricky for the drivers. 4 1,0 3 2,8 two kilometres shorter track guarantees Overtaking is extremely difficult and 132 Parabolika 5 8 2 2,4 198 6 4 1,2 exciting overtaking manoeuvres. 2 2,5 the weather tends to be quite hot, so 5 0,4 139 6 – 2 2,2 7 218 Though being one of the easiest race 111 the race is considered as one of the 241 5 3,6 tracks, small altitude changes make 305 Sachs Kurve 13 96 8 Hairpin toughest races for Formula One Formula One On themove– 209 13 it difficult for the drivers to get the 9 6 drivers. 7 1,0 2 2,1 4 – 7 Start/ last two turns right in order to set up 260 281 5 3,9 100 4 – 10 5 224 Finish the next lap. 245 14 2,9 3 2,6 2 2,1 Pit 11 6 Critical Point 15 Mobil 1 Kurve 285 148 4 108 Lane Start/ 3 3,2 overtaking 2 TM
12 196 since 1950 Finish Pit Hard braking after top speed Lane passage – brake late to Critical Point 3 pass your opponent on the 5 0,3 challenging 16 4 2,9 inside. 240 3 2,7 Fast left-hander bend. 5 1,3 2 1,6 Gear/Lateral G-force 205 2 1,6 Gear/Lateral G-force 7 0,1 169 2 2,1 Blind on entry. 230 80 Speed (kmph) 80 Speed (kmph) 291 Südkurve 135 4 2,7 17 219 Run-off areas, Run-off areas, Critical Point Critical Point 2 2,4 with BerndMayländer On track gravel/asphalt gravel/asphalt overtaking 7 0,1 challenging 93 Tight turn after finishing 291 Two successive right-handers Critical Points Critical Points straight – good opportunity 1 with small altitude changes – to out-brake a rival. important to get right for a Status: January 06, 2010 good next lap. http://sponsoring.allianz.com Status: January 06, 2010 http://sponsoring.allianz.com aeyadTcnlg Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology
16 17 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:39 Uhr Seite 18 Introduction The season2010
Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps – Spa, Belgium Autodromo Nazionale Monza – Monza, Italy
Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Belgium Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, Italy August 27-29, 2010 | 13th of 19 races September 10-12, 2010 | 14th of 19 races Formula One 5 0,8 7 – 260 Critical Point 5 1,9 44 laps x 7.004 km = 308.176 km 330 53 laps x 5.793 km = 307.029 km challenging 3 3,2 3 3,0 264 Les Combes 140 177 Full throttle uphill: Commentary On The Track Commentary On The Track 3 3,8 Critical Point 5 4 3,2 Critical Point TM “Eau Rouge” still is a Malmedy 178 Bernd Mayländer challenge – even more so 7 Bernd Mayländer 193 critical fast corner from A-Z Official Formula 1™ Safety Car driver without traction control. Official Formula 1™ Safety Car driver Curva di Lesmo 3 3,0 6 Long sweeping chicane – The key to top speed on Kemmel Straight 6 6 – 7 Spa-Francorchamps has the longest 170 Monza is the last remaining high-speed 2 1,8 good car balance needed the finishing straight lies in 265 full throttle section in Formula One – circuit in Formula One and therefore 133 to carry momentum onto the perfect line through 5 – the following straight. the famous “Parabolica”. starting at turn one and ending after 290 9 very unique. The “Ascari Chicane” is the notorious S-turn “Eau Rouge”. 7 – Pouhon 10 crucial because as much speed as Curva del In the fast changes of downhill and 305 3 2,5 possible needs to be carried onto the 2 0,7 Serraglio
152 Rivage 8 Formula One On themove– uphill sections compression builds up final straight, where a top speed of up 120 4 3,4 3 so that as much leverage as possible to 345 kmph can be reached. Variante 212 Raidillon 4 Variante 4 6 0,5 3 2,0 needs to be gathered in the “Eau 11 Ascari 9 6 – della Roggia 5 304 169 Rouge” for the following straight. Eau Rouge 2 297 6 3,1 12 7 0,1 297 3 3,0 330 Curva Parabolica 11 TM 6 – 3 2,5 7 0,1 10 170 since 1950 290 Pit 140 332 8 19 Lane Blanchimont 17 16 6 2,1 7 0,3 5 – 1 1,7 1 0,7 4 3,4 Fagnes 13 305 74 86 335 Chicane 18 250 235 Pit Lane 6 2,3 2 2 1,6 Gear/Lateral G-force 305 2 1,6 Gear/Lateral G-force Speed (kmph) 14 Speed (kmph) 80 7 3,8 80 Curva Biassono 3 4 3,7 314 Rettifilo Tribune Start/ Start/ Variante del 215 Run-off areas, Run-off areas, 7 0,1 Finish gravel/asphalt Finish Critical Point Critical Point gravel/asphalt Rettifilo 1 with BerndMayländer On track 340 5 0,8 La Source overtaking fast corner Curve Paul Frere 15 1 5 0,9 285 Critical Points Ultra slow chicane right Very quick downhill left- Critical Points 260 1 2,8 before the finishing hander – difficult to find 64 straight – encourages the right line. Status: January 06, 2010 overtaking. http://sponsoring.allianz.com Status: January 06, 2010 http://sponsoring.allianz.com aeyadTcnlg Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology
18 19 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:39 Uhr Seite 20 Introduction The season2010
Marina Bay Street Circuit – Singapore Suzuka Circuit – Suzuka, Japan
Marina Bay Street Circuit, Singapore Suzuka Circuit, Japan September 24-26, 2010 | 15th of 19 races October 08-10, 2010 | 16th of 19 races
Critical Point Formula One overtaking 61 laps x 5.073 km = 309.453 km 90 degree left-hander after 53 laps x 5.807 km = 307.771 km 4 – long straight – braking late 2 – 180 6 – 1 – Sheares Commentary On The Track could open up overtaking 90 Commentary On The Track Spoon 297 64 opportunities. 3 Corner TM Curve from A-Z Bernd Mayländer 2 1 Bernd Mayländer Official Formula 1™ Safety Car driver Official Formula 1™ Safety Car driver Hairpin 5 – 3 3,0 4 – 7 1,0 13 7 2,3 2 1,4 4 285 11 The night race in the Formula One 240 126 200 290 Suzuka is one of the favorite circuits 90 6 1,8 14 calendar is a spectacular event. 3 1,3 of the Formula One drivers. Challenges Casio Triangle 260 2 2,0 110 Singapore is a very demanding race 7 – are the numerous changes of 16 18 94 3 – 10 17 mainly caused by its overall length in 298 directions going through the S-turns. 7 – 9 135 12 connection with the several 90 8 Memorial Start/ The best possibility for overtaking is 310 Start/ degree turns and the bumpy track, Corner 7 6 5 Finish the chicane at the end of the lap even 3 2,5 7 Finish Formula One On themove– which runs close to the wall – typical 2 – though the course is very narrow at 140 15 Dunlop for a street circuit. 85 5 2,0 7 1,0 3 – this point. 5 3 – Pit 6 14 230 280 118 7 – Curve 150 Lane 4 – 9 4 2,8 Singapore 312 16 200 185 Sling 10 7 – 20 Degner ‘S’ Curves TM
15 23 4 since 1950 280 4 – 3 – 18 19 22 2 2,0 Curve 8 135 17 200 21 123 6 – 6 – 2 – 3 1 260 11 250 80 2 2 1,6 Gear/Lateral G-force 3 3,0 2 – 3 – 2 1,6 Gear/Lateral G-force 4 2,8 Critical Point 80 Speed (kmph) 12 126 80 126 80 Speed (kmph) Critical Point 185 Critical Point 5 – critical First Curve challenging critical 245 Run-off areas, Double left-hander before Run-off areas, Double left taken as one. A flowing combination of with BerndMayländer On track gravel/asphalt 4 – 2 1,6 finishing straight – key to gravel/asphalt Crucial to find the perfect five corners. Important 180 13 80 top speed on the straight. 3 – line and carry momentum to get the entry right and 140 Critical Points Critical Points onto the following straight. carry through as much speed as possible.
Status: January 06, 2010 http://sponsoring.allianz.com Status: January 06, 2010 http://sponsoring.allianz.com aeyadTcnlg Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology
20 21 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:39 Uhr Seite 22 Introduction The season2010
Korean International Circuit – Yeongam, Korea Autódromo José Carlos Pace – São Paulo, Brazil
Korean International Circuit, Korea Autódromo de Interlagos, Brazil October 22-24, 2010 | 17th of 19 races November 05-07, 2010 | 18th of 19 races
0 R D E M E P R Formula One O G R E Critical Point S S O overtaking Critical Point Double left-hander after 55 laps x 5.621 km = 309.155 km 71 laps x 4.309 km = 305.909 km long straight. Use speed 7 0,5 challenging excess to overtake. 5 3,3 Commentary On The Track Extremely fast combination Commentary On The Track 323
257 TM of corners – driving skills 06 Bernd Mayländer 05 Bernd Mayländer from A-Z and a fitting set-up are an Critical Point Official Formula 1™ Safety Car driver Official Formula 1™ Safety Car driver absolute must. critical 04 3 4,5 The new track in Korea has much to Double left-hander after The Brazilian Grand Prix is run anti- Reta Oposta 154 Curva do Sol offer: It is not only run anti-clockwise start/finish line – here the clockwise. This makes it physically 4 3 but also offers 2-3 great possibilities maximum speed on the very difficult for the drivers, because 7 0,6 following long straight is 5 2,8 5 4,6 for overtaking. As much leverage as the muscles on the left hand side of 320 07 determined. 251 235 possible needs to be gathered in the the body are often weaker than on 3 3,6 6 0,6 2 Senna S first turn for the longest straight the right hand side, so it can be rather Formula One On themove– 130 272 5 6 0,4 5 5,0 6 – 1 which ends in the slowest turn of the 08 tough towards the end of the race. 293 218 290 track. The Korean circuit looks like it 03 02 will be very challenging. 09 6 Pit Start/ Junçao Lane
Pinheirinho TM 10 12 Curva do 5 5,0
Finish since 1950 01 9 Start/ Mergulho 11 Laranjinha 231 3 2,2 Finish 127 18 7 Pitlane 17 13 Bico de 8 2 1,6 Gear/Lateral G-force 11 2 1,6 Gear/Lateral G-force Pato 10 80 Speed (kmph) 14 80 Speed (kmph) Critical Point 13 12 16 overtaking Run-off areas, Run-off areas, Subida dos Boxes 14 15 gravel/asphalt gravel/asphalt Amazing set of downhill with BerndMayländer On track corners. Very tricky to get 15 2 3,9 7 1,4 104 309 right – but a good place to Critical Points Critical Points overtake. 6 2,5 2 3,6 2 4,1 276 72 76 Status: January 06, 2010 http://sponsoring.allianz.com Status: January 06, 2010 http://sponsoring.allianz.com aeyadTcnlg Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology
22 23 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:39 Uhr Seite 24 Introduction
Reference tool: Technical terms and rules. The 2010 season Regulations The season2010
Yas Marina Circuit – Abu Dhabi, UAE Everything under control: Grand Prix races are governed by a strict set of rules and violations can result in Yas Marina Circuit, Abu Dhabi November 12-14, 2010 | 19th of 19 races penalties. We take a closer look at the sporting and technical regulations of Formula One for 2010.
Critical Point Formula One overtaking 55 laps x 5.554 km = 305.470 km Tight chicane after fast Racing regulations. Scrutineering: On the day before the straight – brake late to Commentary On The Track pass your opponent and first free practice session of a Grand 7 0,1 6 – 2 – TM watch out for his counter 316 from A-Z Bernd Mayländer attack. 260 70 Starters: 13 is the maximum number Prix, the scrutineering – the technical Official Formula 1™ Safety Car driver of teams that may race in Formula approval – of the cars takes place. This The layout of the Yas Marina circuit is 8 7 a mix of fast and slow turns as well as 2 2,1 One, with 2 cars each. All the is when the scrutineers of the FIA check a very long straight providing several 81 3 1,4 9 3 2,6 6 great overtaking opportunities. 5 3,1 drivers must possess the super- whether the vehicles comply with the 125 21 125 254 The passage going through the yacht 5 license issued by the Fédération regulations. harbor and underneath a hotel will 6 – Start/ Formula One On themove– 20 3 surely be the highlight. 300 Finish Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA). 4 10 Critical Point Speed limits: A speed limit of 60 kmph Pit critical 17 Lane 180 degree left – vital to Driver changes: Each team can use 4 will be imposed in the pit lane during TM get the exit right to carry 1 2 drivers per season. The drivers may all free practice sessions, this will be since 1950 16 19 momentum onto the 18 following straight. be substituted on a race weekend up raised to 100 kmph for the remainder 15 6 – to the start of qualifying. Any later of the Event. However, this limit may 2 1,6 Gear/Lateral G-force 275 80 Speed (kmph) 3 – 3 2,2 6 4,0 7 0,2 substitutions due to force majeure be amended by the stewards 113 127 260 300 Run-off areas, are at the discretion of the stewards. following a recommendation from gravel/asphalt 14 with BerndMayländer On track 11 12 13 3 1,8 In the first and second free practice the FIA F1 safety delegate. Except in 110 Critical Points sessions the race teams may use the race, any driver who exceeds the 7 2,0 3 1,3 312 128 additional drivers, who must also be limit will be fined € 200 for each Status: January 06, 2010 http://sponsoring.allianz.com in possession of a super license. kmph above the limit (this may be However, no more than 2 drivers may increased in the case of a second be used per session. offence in the same Event). During the race, the stewards may impose either of the penalties under Article 16.3a) or b) on any driver who Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology exceeds the limit.
Racing distance: The smallest num- ber of laps needed to exceed a dis- tance of 305 km (Exception: Monaco, 260 km). The maximum duration of the race is 2 hours.
A Formula One car uses approx. 70 liters of fuel over Refueling: Refueling during the race is 100 km. prohibited, starting in 2010. Tire changes, however, are still permitted. 24 25 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:39 Uhr Seite 26 Introduction
Race interruptions: If the track is Points: From 2010 onwards,, the The start. blocked by an accident or if the top 10 drivers to finish a Grand Prix weather conditions are making it too receive points according to a 30 minutes before the start, the pit 1 minute before the start, the engines dangerous to continue the race, the 25-18-15-12-10-8-6-4-2-1-system. lane is opened and the drivers may are started. race may be interrupted. If a race is The same system is used for the drive 1 or several formation laps – in stopped during the first 2 laps, it is manufacturer’s championship. this instance the pit lane needs to be By the time the 15 second signal is
started again. If this is not possible, used. Vehicles which fail to finish the given, all team personnel must have The season2010 no points are awarded. If a race is Circuit and wind tunnel tests: Since formation lap and are unable to left the grid and taken all equipment stopped during the first 2 laps, it is 2009, each contender is allowed to reach the starting grid on their own with them. If a driver then requires restarted. In this case, half of the total complete only 15,000 circuit-test- power are not allowed to participate help, he must raise his arm and he points are awarded. The total number kilometers per calendar year. Track in the race. will be pushed into the pits. When the of points is awarded if 75 percent or testing from 1 week prior to the first green lights are illuminated, the cars more of the race are completed. race until December 31 are strictly 15 minutes before the start, the pit begin the formation lap with the pole prohibited. There are exceptions, lane is closed. If a car is still in the position driver in the lead. During
Safety Car: The Safety Car is deployed however: Once a year, a 3-day “young pits, it has to start from the pit lane. this lap, overtaking is forbidden. Formula One when the race director wants to driver test” is held in which only Anyone who ignores this ban risks a reduce speed for safety reasons – for drivers who have contested a 10 minutes before the start an acoustic time penalty. There is 1 exception: if a instance, after an accident or because maximum of 2 Formula One races signal indicates, that everyone except car is delayed when starting and is TM
the track is waterlogged after heavy may participate. This test takes place drivers, officials and technical staff not overtaken by the entire field, from A-Z rain fall. on a circuit designated by the FIA have to leave the starting grid. it may overtake to re-establish its An experienced race driver – Bernd between the end of the season and original position. Otherwise, it must Mayländer since 2000 – is at the December 31st. Should a team replace 3 minutes before the start there is start from the pit lane. wheel. According to the regulations, a regular driver with a driver who has another acoustic signal. At this time, Formula One On themove– the Safety Car enters the circuit not contested a Formula One race in the tires must be properly fitted. 5 seconds: As soon as the last car is “whenever there is an immediate the preceding 2 calendar years, this After that tires may only be changed positioned on the starting grid, the hazard but the conditions do not driver may also test for 1 day. In in the pits or on the starting grid in starting lights go on successively at TM
require the race to be interrupted”. addition, each team may use 6 days case the start is aborted. Those who one-second intervals. The race starts since 1950 It moves onto the track regardless of for aerodynamics tests. Tests in the have not fitted their tires within when all the lights go off. what the current race leader’s position wind tunnel with scales of more than 3 minutes before the race starts is and all cars line up behind it. 60 percent of the race car as well as receive a ten-second penalty. During a Safety Car phase there is wind speed of more than 50 m per with BerndMayländer On track an absolute ban on overtaking. To second are also not allowed. However, Countdown to the opening lap Countdown to the start restore order to the race the Safety a team may use the aerodynamics Car co-driver then allows each car testing days for one 4-hour wind to overtake the Safety Car until the tunnel test, respectively, with an 15:00 0:05 race leader is the first in line again. original-size vehicle. 10:00 0:04
5:00 aeyadTcnlg Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology 0:03 3:00 0:02 1:00
0:15 0:01
0:00 0:00
The Safety Car in the lead (GP Japan 2009). 26 27 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:39 Uhr Seite 28 Introduction The starting grid. Time penalties. Flags.
The deciding factor for the starting Time is the essential element in position of a driver is his time from Formula One. Therefore, drivers are qualifying. The driver with the fastest sanctioned with time penalties for lap time starts from pole position. The every break of the rules. The race Yellow: The yellow flag waved Black: The black flag – once: Indicates danger. When together with the respective cars line up at offset 8-meter intervals. director can recommend time The season2010 car number – is shown to penalties for the following violations: this is shown, drivers should reduce speed, refrain from drivers who should stop at passing and be prepared to their pit or near the pit lane • False start deviate from their ideal entrance. If for any reason a • Causing a collision racing line. driver does not respond, the • Forcing another car off the track Yellow: The yellow flag waved flag should not be shown for • Not responding to a blue flag twice: Has the same meaning more than 4 successive laps. When the stewards decide to • Deliberately hindering another driver but drivers need to be prepared for a total stop as show the black flag to a driv-
obstacles may block the track er, they also Formula One The final decision for a stop-go and partially or completely. immediately inform his team. drive through penalty as well as if places are added to a driver's grid Blue: The blue flag is used Black with orange circle: TM
position is made by 3 race stewards, when a faster vehicle This flag informs drivers of from A-Z technical problems with the official Formula One race referee approaches a lapped car from behind. The slower car has to their car that could endanger jury. From 2010 onwards, they will be make way immediately. The themselves or others. They assisted by a race steward from the blue flag is also used at the must go in for a pit stop national automobile association and immediately. They can then
pit lane exit to signal that a Formula One On themove– experienced, former Formula One driv- car is approaching on the rejoin the race following Catch the slipstream: searching for the best passing position ers. The stewards may use video track. repairs. (GP Turkey 2009). footage and radio communications of Red: This is shown Black/white: The black/white TM the race teams to make their decisions. since 1950 simultaneously at the flag together with the car starting line and around number warns a driver about the circuit when a practice/ unsportsmanlike behavior. qualifying period or race is stopped. Yellow with red stripes: This flag informs drivers that oil with BerndMayländer On track White: This indicates that a or water is on the track. slow vehicle is on the circuit.
Green: The track is clear. The Black/white checkered: The green flag is also waved after end of the practice session or a spell of yellow flags. race. aeyadTcnlg Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology
Pure excitement after the lights go off (GP Europe 2007). 28 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:39 Uhr Seite 30 Introduction
Technical regulations. Brakes: The regulations call for 2 Wheels/tires: A Formula One race car separate, independent hydraulic must have 4 tires.The width of the Engine: In Formula One, only V8 Transmission: A Formula One car may braking circuits operated from a rear wheels must be between 365 and engines with a 90 degree cylinder have a maximum of 7 forward gears. single pedal. One circuit has to 380 mm, and between 305 and 355 mm angle and 4 valves per cylinder (2 A reverse gear is prescribed. The gear operate the brakes on the front axle, at the front. The maximum wheel intake and 2 exhaust valves, wheels in the transmission must be and the other the brakes on the rear diameter is 660 mm for dry-weather
respectively) have been permitted made of steel. axle. Brake calipers must be made of tires and 670 mm for wet weather The season2010 since 2006. The maximum aluminum. Each wheel may have no tires. Since 2009, slicks which must displacement is 2,400ccm, and the Weight: A Formula One car including more than 1 caliper with 6 pistons not be cut, grooved or treated with maximum engine speed is the driver in full racing gear, with oil and 2 pads. The brake discs must chemicals are mandatory again. Per 18,000rpm. A minimum weight of 95 and brake fluid, must weigh at least have a maximum thickness of 28 mm, race weekend, 2 slick compounds kg is stipulated. Engines with 620 kg whilst on the track. the maximum diameter is limited to with different degrees of hardness are turbochargers are prohibited. Only 8 278 mm. Antilock systems are available and both of them must be engines per driver and year are Dimensions: The chassis walls must prohibited, as are cooling systems used by the driver in the race. The permitted. When single parts need to be at least 3.5 mm thick with 2.5 mm using fluids. Force distribution may softer tire options have colored Formula One be changed only components from a reserved for a casing with DuPont™ not change during the braking markings. Furthermore, there are rain defined list may be replaced. In case Kevlar® brand fiber.1 Whereas the process. and extreme weather tires. The sole of an unscheduled engine replacement length of a Formula One car is up to tire supplier, Bridgestone, has TM
on a race weekend, the driver is the designers, the width is limited to Chassis suspension: The geometry announced the supply of more narrow from A-Z moved back 10 places on the starting 1.80 m. The maximum width of the of the chassis suspension must not front tires for 2010. Each wheel grid. If the engine is replaced after front wing must not exceed 1.8 m. The be modified while driving. Solely carrier is secured with 1 or 2 cables qualifying, the driver has to start at front wing must be stable enough not permitted are suspensions that to ensure that the wheels cannot fly the end of the starting grid. Should to bend under the airstream. The rear react to changes of load, which are off in the case of an accident. Cars Formula One On themove– the engine be changed twice for a wing may not exceed 0.75 m in width transmitted by the wheels. having participated in Q3 must start driver on 1 weekend, this driver will and it may have no more than 2 wing the race on the same set of tyres with also be moved back 10 places on the elements. Car height is limited to 95 cm, Cockpit: The cockpit opening has which their grid time was set. TM
grid at the following Grand Prix. measured from the lowest point. become steadily larger over the years. since 1950 Any enhancement is subjected to the It currently has a specified length of engine regulations of 2008 to 2012. Drive: Two-wheel drive is the limit. 850 mm, and the rear 400 mm must Since 2009, the use of KERS (Kinetic Automatic and continuously variable be 520 mm wide. The driver’s opening Energy Recovery System) has been transmissions are prohibited, 4 to 7 may then taper by 12 degrees on both with BerndMayländer On track permitted, which may provide a gears are allowed, a reverse gear is sides. The last 375 mm of the cockpit’s maximum of 60 kW/82 hp for the period mandatory. For 4 consecutive events, side walls must rise to the rear with a of 6.6 seconds per lap. However, for cost each driver may only use 1 slope of at least 16 degrees. The edge reasons, the Formula One teams have transmission. In case of violations, of the cockpit must be enclosed in an opted not to use this technology in 2010. the driver is moved back 5 places on energy-absorbing material with a the grid at the respective race. KERS, thickness of at least 100 mm. The which has been permitted since 2009, drivers have to be agile not only when has to be integrated into the drive getting in but also when getting out system at an optional place in front of the car. They have to be able to Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology of the differential. leave the cockpit within 5 seconds. A maximum of 5 additional seconds may pass before they have stuck the steering wheel back onto the steering column.
1 DuPontTM, KEVLAR® and NOMEX® are trademarks or registered trademarks of DuPontTM or its affiliates. The Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems (KERS) 30 31 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:39 Uhr Seite 32 Introduction
Driver’s seat: The entire seat is 1 Crash tests: The FIA specifies and Static crash tests: In addition to the Safety equipment: Every vehicle must single unit and specially tailored to defines 2 main types of crash tests: dynamic crash tests, the front, side be equipped with a fire extinguisher the respective driver. Drivers can be static and dynamic. Since the cars and rear structures must withstand system, which acts inside the cockpit extracted from the cars together with start with more fuel due to the refueling collateral pressure during static and the engine compartment. Also their so-called rescue seats. In the ban (approx. 230 instead of 100 crash tests. These tests put pressure required is a master switch in the normal seating position, the soles of liters), the FIA has issued stricter on the floor below the fuel tank, on cockpit and on both sides of the
the driver’s feet must not protrude rules for crash tests in 2010. They aim the side of the nose mount, as well roll-over hoop that allows the driver The season2010 from the center of the front axle. to achieve at least the same standards as on the side at leg and seat levels. to deactivate the electronics, the fuel as in 2009 despite the higher weight. If there is no damage to the impact pumps and the rear light. structure, the survival cell or the Furthermore, every car must be 1 850 mm Dynamic crash tests: This type of gearbox then they are considered to equipped with safety belts, 2 rearview impact test is performed on the front, have passed the test. The roll-over mirrors and a rear light. Within the 1 2 520 mm sides and rear. The front impact crash bar is tested in 3 directions: laterally cockpit, the FIA’s regulations 2 test is done at a speed of 15 m per with 5 tons, longitudinally with 6 tons stipulate various forms of padding for 3 400 mm and vertically with 9 tons. the protection of the driver’s head. An 3 second, the lateral at 10 m per second Formula One and the rear at an impact speed of 11 Deformation may not exceed 50 mm. accident data recorder / ADR registers m per second. The weight of the test In 2007 a change was made to important driving data and is also chassis, including a 75-kg crash test the side intrusion regulation which linked to a medical warning system. TM
dummy, totals 780 kg. The decelera- requires an additional side It informs first aiders directly about from A-Z tion measured on the chest of the penetration panel to be bonded to how severe the accident was. In dummy may not be in excess of 60 G the chassis side. addition, there is a display inside the (approximately 60 times body cockpit with red, blue and yellow In the driver’s seat: protective measures within the cockpit have been weight) within 3 lights which informs the driver about Formula One On themove– improved further. milliseconds. A fourth dynamic the flags currently being waved. impact test relates to the steering Undertray: In order to reduce the column which must collapse under a TM
suction effect and therefore the simulated head impact in order to since 1950 cornering speeds, a board made of prevent the driver from sustaining wood or plastic for example, must be injury: a mass of 8 kg at a speed of 7 m mounted on the underbody. This per second must not cause a deceler- so-called ‘plank’, which also fulfils a ation of 80 g for more than 3 millisec- with BerndMayländer On track protective function, is fixed 33 cm onds. The safety cell must remain behind the middle of the front axle and undamaged after all the dynamic tests extends to the middle of the rear axle. have been performed. The quick release It must have a width of 30 cm and a for the steering wheel must also thickness of 10 mm. Maximum wear remain fully tolerance is 1 mm. functional. aeyadTcnlg Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology
Everything assembled – The Williams-Cosworth FW32. Hard shell: crash tests are mandatory for the monocoque and the nose. 32 33 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:40 Uhr Seite 34 Introduction
TM The Formula One reference tool Apex Allianz Center for Technology (AZT) The point at which the ideal racing line The AZT in Munich has been well TM touches the inner radius of a corner. known for over 70 years as the research Formula One from A-Z institute of Allianz SE. The core areas of expertise of this company are risk management, consultation work and
damage analysis. Every week of the The season2010 year, Allianz are conducting 1 crash test in order to improve the safety of A reference tool for experts: this section explains their 50 million motor insurance the most important technical terms and phrases customers and all other traffic participants. in Formula One from A to Z.
A Formula One Accident data recorder (ADR) A module that collects accident data. Aquaplaning – High speed on wet ground. (GP China 2009) TM
Its installation has been required from A-Z in every F1 car since 1997. The Aquaplaning accident data recorder logs speeds Aquaplaning is what happens when and deceleration rates that occur in there is more water between the tires an accident. This data are further Firmly on the ground: aerodynamics plays a crucial role in Formula One. and the road than can be displaced A crash test at the Allianz Center for Technology. Formula One On themove– analyzed to obtain findings about by the tire tread. The car ‘floats’ and possible causes of the accident in Allianz consequently cannot be controlled by order to further increase safety in As one of the world’s largest Financial the driver. Formula One races can be B TM
Formula One. The ADR box is Services Providers Allianz is stopped if there is a danger of Balaclava since 1950 installed in a place that ensures committed to Formula One since aquaplaning. Under very wet conditions, Fireproof face mask made of Nomex® its immediate accessibility without 2000. In 2007 Allianz adopted a 3 the Safety Car is generally used to keep brand fiber, a flame retardant having to remove any parts of the car. tiered approach to their Formula One the field at a lower speed. synthetic fibre. It is worn under the engagement – combining their newly helmet. with BerndMayländer On track Aerodynamics acquired status as ‘Official Global Autoclave The study of the interaction of air Partner of Formula One™’, track side A pressure vessel in which vacuum with solid bodies moving through it. branding at key races during the packed composite components are The basic rule when designing cars race calendar and a classical team cured at 100 to 200 degrees Celsius for for Formula One is simply to create sponsorship with AT&T Williams. 10 to 20 minutes. This procedure lends as much downforce and as little air Allianz, providing coverage for 50 the composite components their high resistance as possible. million motor insurance customers strength while maintaining low weight. around the world, communicates its Air box expertise in risk management and Auxiliary driving features Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology The air inlet behind the driver’s head. road safety. Traction control, automatic The air box channels the air necessary transmission or launch control are for the combustion process to the examples of auxiliary driving features. engine. An expert team commissioned by the FIA may check any time during the race weekend whether a car’s electronics Fireproof clothing: the balaclava is made of Nomex® contain banned auxiliary driving brand fiber. Allianz: Global Partner of Formula One™. features. In the 2004 season, launch control and automatic transmission were banned and since 2008 traction control is also no longer permitted. 34 35 Introduction The season 2010 Formula OneTM from A-Z On the move – On track Safety and Technology Facts and Figures Formula OneTM since 1950 with Bernd Mayländer 37 safety reasons, no cess takes place within fiber to form a sandwich ® panel shell structure. The moulding and binding pro at high levels of pressure autoclave an and heat. Chicanes use Tight corners that race organizers of to break up long, straight stretches a circuit for safety reasons. Chicanes force drivers to reduce their speed. Cockpit This is the driver’s workplace. The cockpit must be designed so that the driver can get out easily within 5 seconds. The width of the cockpit must be 50 cm at the steering wheel and 30 cm at the pedals. For fuel, oil or water lines may pass through the cockpit. The cockpit temperature is at an average of 50 degrees Celsius. Chassis One car, part of a Formula The central the component being the main with other components monocoque. All the strong, lightweight are connected to the made from carbon monocoque. It is forming a fiber and epoxy polymer These are composite material. honeycombs and made of aluminum Nomex Williams Toyota FW31 going through the first chicane at Williams Toyota the 2009 Italian Grand Prix in Monza. which, when ® C Computer Aided Design (CAD) Computer intelligent computer This involves which provide efficiency programs the designers’ and speed and make Drawing boards work much easier. thing of the past in have long been a modern racing factories. Carbon fiber A construction material for Formula One cars. The monocoque, for example, is made of epoxy resin reinforced These materials, with carbon fiber. give great when laminated together, rigidity and strength, but are very lightweight. Carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) CFRP covers composite materials such as carbon and Kevlar combined with epoxy resins, provide high rigidity and strength and an extremely low weight. Many parts are produced from these materials, e.g. the monocoque. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) CFD makes the airflows surrounding the vehicle visible on the computer, and at the same time shows the effects of individual vehicle parts on each other and on the aerodynamics. So the engineers can simulate these effects without even having to build the parts first. That saves time and money. Desirable workplace: the cockpit of the new Williams-Cosworth FW32.
Briefing At the meeting with the drivers and representatives from their teams convened by the race director before every Grand Prix, the discussions focus on current issues such as special features of the respective track or changes to the rules or weekend format. At the team briefings, the team managers, engineers and drivers set out the strategies for each day of the Grand Prix weekend. The subsequent review of the race day by this group, which forms the basis for future strategies and technical enhancements, is called the debriefing. Brake discs in brake discs used The carbon be thicker than One may not Formula diameter may not 28 mm and their exceed 278 mm. and pads require Carbon brake discs between an operating temperature Celsius and 550 and 650 degrees degrees Celsius reach up to 1,000 during a braking process. A matter of resistance: the carbon brake disc can with- stand extreme heat.
wheel. the race via a button on the steering front and the rear axle even during brake force distribution between the braking, the driver can adjust the To gain a better balance when To Brake balance released during braking processes. This system restores energy that is has been permitted in Formula One. has been permitted in Formula and store braking energy, and store braking energy, Since 2009, KERS, a system to recover has to endure 5 times his own weight. achieve up to 5 G – the driver thus 1.9 seconds. Deceleration forces 200 to 0 kmph within 55 m, all within will bring a Formula One car from will bring a Formula braking are not allowed. Full braking Cooling fluids, ABS and power assisted must be made of an aluminum alloy. permitted per wheel. Brake calipers a maximum of 6 pistons are carbon. Only 1 brake caliper and Formula One brakes are made of Formula Brakes off the pedals. to prevent drivers’ feet from slipping have thin rubber soles with good grip have thin rubber made of soft, cushioned leather. They leather. made of soft, cushioned Formula One shoes are ankle boots One Formula Boots consequence is reduction in grip. consequence is reduction caused by excessive use. The negative excessive use. The caused by Formation of blisters on the tires, of blisters Formation Blistering 36 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:40 Uhr Seite 36 Uhr Seite 22:40 16.02.2010 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:40 Uhr Seite 38
E F Introduction Concorde Agreement Diffuser Electronic Control Unit (ECU) Fading This agreement specifies the rights Air outlet at the rear of the car’s The unit that controls all the electronic Technical term for the gradual loss and obligations of the teams and underbody that has a strong influence processes in a Formula One car. The of the brake effect after relatively the FIA. It also calls for unanimity on the aerodynamic properties. Rising ECU has been standard since 2008 long, heavy use. Occurs less with the for important decisions. The sixth to the rear, the tail ensures a controlled and is designed by a manufacturer modern carbon brakes than in Concorde Agreement so far – after airstream on the underbody which specified by the FIA. conventional steel disc brakes.
1981, 1987, 1992, 1997 and 1998 – generates low pressure under the car The season2010 was signed on August 1, 2009. and supplies the downforce critical to Electric blanket Fédération Internationale de fast cornering. The tires require an operational l’Automobile (FIA) Crash barrier temperature of around 100 degrees The FIA is the international Safety measure at track locations where Celsius to achieve optimal automobile umbrella organization there is no space for run-off zones. effectiveness. In order to rapidly and draws up the technical and reach this temperature special sporting regulations for Formula One. Crash test blankets pre-heat the tires up to It is based in Paris. Since October 23,
Mandatory stress tests for vehicle 60-80 degrees Celsius. Cold tires do 2009, Jean Todt has been the new FIA Formula One components (e.g. roll over bar, not develop enough grip. If they are president. The former Ferrari team monocoque) demanded by the FIA. too hot, they wear out quickly. principal replaced Max Mosley. The There are tests for front, side and rear FIA was founded in 1904. TM
constructions. The crash tests were End-plate from A-Z introduced in 1985. They are carried Vertical border area on the wing Fire extinguisher out under the supervision of the FIA, Keeping things on track: the diffuser ensures optimal grip. that helps to streamline a car’s Every Formula One car must have a usually at the Cranfield Impact aerodynamics. fire extinguisher that spreads foam Centre in Bedfordshire, England. Downforce around the chassis and engine area. Formula One On themove– Downforce is the pressure that propels Engine It must be operable both by the driver Cylinder the Formula One car downward. It is Since the 2006 season, only 4 stroke and from outside the car. Component in the engine where the generated by low pressure conditions engines with 8 cylinders in a TM
power is generated. The upward and under the body of the car as well as V-arrangement and a maximum Formula One Commission since 1950 downward movement of the piston by the angle of attack of the front and capacity of 2.4 liters may be used in This commission consists of and the combustion of the fuel air rear wings, and enhances the grip. Formula One. The revs limitation was representatives from the teams, race mixture takes place in the cylinder. Especially on slower circuits, this reduced by 1,000 and is now 18,000 organizers, engine manufacturers, effect permits higher cornering speeds. revs per minutes. The minimum sponsors, tire manufacturers and the with BerndMayländer On track weight of the engine is 95 kg. Turbos, FIA. The commission decides whether D Driver change wankel engines and superchargers changes to the regulations suggested Differential A team may deploy up to 4 drivers per are prohibited. Each driver may use a by the FIA’s technical committee A differential that is connected between season. A driver change can be maximum of 8 engines per season. should be implemented. the drive wheels to compensate the conducted until the beginning of the Any further enhancement is frozen. speed differences between the outer qualifying session. During free Formula OneTM and inner wheels when cornering. practice sessions on Fridays, the The term ‘Formula One’ was not teams are able to deploy an additional introduced until after the Second driver, who requires a super-license. World War. It was intended to identify Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology However, the team must not use more top class motor racing. The first than 2 cars. Formula One World Championship took place in 1950 under the direction of the FIA. The first race in the World Championship was the British Grand Prix on May 13th, 1950.
Foaming up: the fire extinguishing system protects the engine and the chassis area.
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G Introduction Formula One Teams Association (FOTA) Fuel Graining Ground effect The FOTA is the association of all Only super unleaded petrol may be Due to excessive use, tires show signs The contact force generated by an Formula One teams which is supervised used in Formula One. It corresponds of corrosion and the rubber compound aerodynamically shaped underbody. by the Ferrari-chairman Luca di to a large extent to the 95 to 102 begins to disintegrate. This is referred In the seventies and early eighties, Montezemolo. The FOTA represents octane fuel available at a to as graining. The negative sills were attached to the sides of the the racing teams in negotiations with conventional filling station. However, consequence is reduction in grip. cars to create a vacuum underneath
the FIA and for example makes the fuels contain additives that the vehicle that held it down on the The season2010 suggestions to regulation changes. ensure faster and better combustion; Grand Prix Drivers Association track. The enormous resulting grip It was founded on July 29, 2008. in some cases, they are also lighter (GPDA) allowed for extremely high cornering than commercially available petrol. Association representing the speeds. The pure ground effect cars Four wheel drive From the 2008 season onwards 5.75 interests of Formula One drivers. developed in the seventies were No more than a 2 wheel drive is percent of the petrol must originate banned by the FIA for safety reasons permitted in Formula One; 4 wheel from biological sources. AT&T Gravel trap in late 1982. drives have been prohibited since 1982. Williams was the first Formula One Run-off zone at a racing circuit which
team to run bio fuel in a Grand Prix quickly slows down cars that have Gurney Formula One Free practice car at a demonstration event in Rio de gone off the track. L-shaped counterflap on the trailing During these practice sessions before Janeiro in October 2007. Each team edge of a car’s wing, which was a Grand Prix, the lap times are can choose its supplier independent- Grip invented by the American race driver TM
recorded, but they have no influence ly, but it must submit a sample of the The magic word for Formula One Dan Gurney. from A-Z on the starting order or the result. The petrol used to the FIA before the drivers and engineers. It describes teams use them as an opportunity to season for test purposes. how much the car adheres to the set their cars up for the respective ground. High grip means high H track and to choose the right tires. cornering speeds. Main factors of grip Hairpin Formula One On themove– are the aerodynamics, the downforce Very narrow turn. The most famous Front wing created by the vehicle and the tires’ hairpin is the former Loews hairpin Creates downward pressure on the properties. Without grip, a vehicle in Monaco, which is now known as TM
front area of the Formula One car will begin to slide or skid. the Grand Hotel hairpin. since 1950 and is thus an important part of the aerodynamics. Details of the front Ground clearance wing sometimes change for every The distance between the underbody new race – according to how much and the surface of the track. with BerndMayländer On track downward pressure is required for the respective circuits. Apart from that, the drivers make adjustments to the front wing, mainly modifying The new front wing of the Williams-Cosworth FW32. the angle of the second flap. Since 2009, the driver has been allowed to Gear change the front wing’s tilt angle A gear is a transmission step with a twice per lap during the race. certain speed or reduction ratio. Automatic or continuously variable Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology transmissions are prohibited. A Formula One car has 7 forward gears and 1 reverse gear.
Gloves Like the racing overalls, these are made of Nomex® fiber, a fire resistant material. The closefitting gloves with suede leather palms provide the necessary sensitivity for steering. Grip is essential: Kazuki Nakajima at the 2009 Turkish GP. 40 41 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:40 Uhr Seite 42
J Introduction Helmet Jump start Kevlar® The helmet is made of carbon, A jump or false start is committed Highly durable artificial fiber used in polyethylene and Kevlar® and weighs by drivers whose cars start moving the covering of the headrest. Combined approximately 1,250 g. Like the cars, before all the lights on the starting to form a composite with epoxy resin, it is designed in a wind tunnel to grid have gone out. This is determined it has high strength, but is very reduce drag as much as possible. by sensors on the starting straight. A lightweight.
Helmets are subjected to extreme jump start normally results in penalties The season2010 deformation and fragmentation tests. imposed by the race stewards. Only helmets tested and authorized by the FIA may be used in races. K Kerbs I Raised kerbstones lining corners or Intermediate chicanes on racing tracks. The kerbs
A tire with features somewhere between provide additional safety as the Formula One those of dry and wet weather tires. drivers must reduce their speed when HANS is attached to the driver via the helmet. The intermediate has more tread driving over them. than dry weather tires and less tread TM
Head and Neck Support (HANS) than wet weather models. It is used KERS (Kinetic Energy Recovery System) from A-Z Since the 2003, the drivers have been for mixed weather or light rain. Since 2009 teams have the option of given additional head and neck employing KERS to boost their car’s Peripheral event: Formula One kerbstones. protection. The Head and Neck Support International Court of Appeal performance. KERS recovers the system consists of a carbon shoulder The FIA’s Court of Appeal is composed (normally wasted) kinetic energy Formula One On themove– corset that is connected to the safety of professional judges, and its 18 generated by the car’s braking process. L belts and the driver’s helmet. In case members are appointed for a 3 year This energy is stored using a Logistics of an accident, HANS is intended to term. In order for the court to make a mechanical flywheel or an electrical The tour of Formula One around the TM
prevent a stretching of the vertebrae. legally binding decision, the presence battery and then made available to globe demands sophisticated since 1950 Additionally, it prevents the driver’s of at least 3 judges is required, none the driver, in set amounts per lap, via logistics. For every race, around 120 head from hitting the steering wheel. of which may be of the same a ‘boost button’ on the steering crates of different sizes have to be The HANS was invented by Jim Downing nationality as the parties involved. A wheel. Under the current regulations packed with the help of a 20 page and Bob Hubbard. Formula One team that is unwilling the power gain equates to around 80 long checklist. The 2 race cars are with BerndMayländer On track to accept a decision by the racing horsepower, available for around 7 always part of the cargo – plus spare Head support commissioners can appeal to the seconds per lap. This could be worth parts and tools, wheels and the pit The removable padding on the inside FIA’s International Court of Appeal. In several tenths of a second in terms of lane equipment. The luggage also of the cockpit. The cockpit is fitted this case, a declaration of intent must lap time, but the w8 and packaging includes 5 or 6 engines. Computers with removable padding around the be submitted within an hour of the of the system – and its impact on and laptops, around 100 radios are all driver’s head, designed to absorb any decision. The FIA, too, can send a the car’s weight distribution – also part of the basic equipment of every impact. The 2 side pads must be at decision by the commissioners to the have to be taken into account. team. All in all, the teams pack about least 95 mm thick, and a thickness of Court of Appeal. Since December 10,000 individual parts. between 75 and 90 mm is stipulated 2009, the teams have been allowed to Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology for the rear pad. nominate 1 of the 3 judges.
International Sporting Code The FIA code that contains all the regulations governing international racing.
42 The Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems (KERS) 43 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:41 Uhr Seite 44 Introduction
Medical center Oversteering Every Formula One race and test circuit When oversteering, a car’s rear wheels must have a state-of-the-art emergency lose grip and break away. In order to service facility staffed by experienced get through the corner, the driver physicians. A rescue helicopter must must decrease his steering angle or, always be on stand by, ready for in the case of extreme oversteering,
lift-off. even steer in the opposite direction – The season2010 called opposite lock. Monocoque French for single shell. A safety cell The lollipop man comes into action during a pit stop. made of carbon-fiber composite which P forms a protective shell around the Parc Fermé Lollipop driver. In some parts the monocoque Restricted area of the pit lane in which The signal pole with a sign saying even has 60 layers of carbon fiber. The The nose of the new Williams-Cosworth FW32. the FIA’s technical stewards inspect
‘Gear’ on one side and ‘Brake’ on the “drivers’ life insurance” is surrounded the cars after each race to make sure Formula One other. During a pit stop, the chief by deformable structures which Nose they conform to technical regulations. mechanic posted in front of the car absorb energy in an accident. Front part of a Formula One car, Since the 2003 season, the cars must uses the sign to show the driver when subjected to various crash tests for be taken into the Parc Fermé after the TM
he should apply the brake and when safety reasons. The nose also functions qualifying session. They are not from A-Z he should shift gear and drive off. as a protruding crash structure pro- cleared until Sunday morning. tecting the monocoque. M Formula One On themove– Manufacturers O Any manufacturers wanting to enter On-board camera Formula One must prove to the FIA A mini TV camera on board the racing TM
that they have designed and built the car, which can be attached near the since 1950 chassis of their racing cars. They are Safety cell: the monocoque provides the greatest possible protection for the driver. airbox, the rear mirror or the front or also obliged to compete in all the rear wing. It provides live footage races in a particular season and to throughout the race weekend. prove that they possess the necessary N Off limits: the cars are examined in the Parc Fermé after with BerndMayländer On track technical and financial means. NACA duct Overall each race (GP Belgium 2009). The NACA duct is a common form Protective suit with elastic cuffs on Marshals of low-drag intake design, originally wrists and ankles made of 2 to 4 layers Penalties Officials posted along the side of the developed by the National Advisory of Nomex® for drivers and pit crews. Penalties for drivers’ breaches in track. They wave the flag signals and Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). A completed multi layered overall Formula One regulations range from secure any possible accident sites; It is a triangular air inlet on the undergoes 15 washes as well a warning to a lifelong suspension they also rescue any cars that have surface of the body. as a further 15 dry cleaning processes from the sport. Other possibilities broken down. before it is finally tested. It is include fines, suspensions for 1 or Nomex® subjected to a temperature of 600 to more races, and deduction of World Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology Medical car Artificial fiber which undergoes 800 degrees Celsius. The critical level Championship points. If drivers The car of the race doctor responsible. thermal testing in the laboratory. It is of 41 degrees Celsius may not be commit sports related or technical Like the Safety Car, it is on standby at subjected to an open flame with a exceeded inside the overall for at least violations during qualifying, the the exit of the pit lane during every temperature of 300 to 400 degrees 11 seconds. racing commissioners can cancel all practice session and race. Celsius that acts on the material from their qualifying times. Additionally a distance of 3 cm – only if it fails to there are penalties for technical ignite within 10 seconds can it be defects. If an engine is replaced used for racing overalls. The drivers’ illicitly the driver is relegated 10 and pit crews’ underwear, socks and positions on the starting grid; 5 gloves are also made of Nomex®. positions apply for an illicit gearbox change. 44 45 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:41 Uhr Seite 46 Introduction
Pit lane Race director Rear wing This is where changes to the car take The FIA race director supervises the Also known as rear wing assembly. place. During free practice seasons safety measures on the race weekend Creates downward pressure mainly the speed limit in the pit lane is 60 kmph and makes improvements when upon the rear axle. The rear wing is and during qualifying and race it is necessary. Additionally, he decides adapted to the conditions of the 100 kmph. On circuits with especially whether the Safety Car should be tracks (the steeper it is, the more
narrow pit lanes, like Monaco for deployed or whether the race should downforce is created). The settings The season2010 example, the speed limit can be be stopped. If a driver does not behave and angles of the surfaces can be reduced further. The pit order acts in in a sportsmanlike manner or if he additionally modified. These accordance with the teams’ starting endangers a competitor, the race modifications are part of the set up. numbers. director can recommend a penalty. The current FIA race director is Charlie Refilling Pit stop Whiting from the UK Nitrogen and compressed air are the During a regular pit stop in a race, a Safety at work: Changes to the car take place only on the inner lane only gases that may be replenished (GP Hungary 2009).
team of 23 mechanics changes the Race stop during the race. Since this season, Formula One tires on the car and possibly performs If weather conditions are poor enough refuelling has been banned as well. further mechanical or aerodynamics Pull rod to endanger safe driving (e.g. heavy Consequently, cars need a much larger settings. Between 1994 and 2009 cars A component of the suspension system. rain, snow, fog) or if a vehicle is fuel tank: up from around 110 litres TM
were also refueled during pit stops. blocking the track, a red flag signals to something around 240 litres. from A-Z Refueling has been banned as of this that the race has been stopped. This has a big effect on race strategy season. Q as drivers have to pay more attention Qualifying Racing line to tyre and brake conservation. To The starting order for the race is Also known as the ideal line, the accommodate the bigger tank, the Formula One On themove– determined during qualifying. The racing line is the imaginary line on cars are likely to feature wider rear driver with the fastest lap time which the circuit can be driven in the bodywork and a longer wheelbase. qualifies for the best starting place: fastest possible time. Due to the This results in a significantly different TM
pole position. Qualifying is conducted rubber build-up, this is also usually weight distribution compared to the since 1950 in the so-called shoot-out format in 3 where the grip is best. 2009 car. individual sessions. In the first session the slowest 8 drivers are eliminated, Rear light Regulations and 8 more in the second 1. The Decreases the risk of pile-ups. When The FIA draws up the sporting and with BerndMayländer On track Practice makes perfect: every second counts (GP 10 fastest drivers fight for the pole using wet weather tires, the rear light technical regulations for Formula One. Malaysia 2009). position in the third session. must always be switched on. The rear The technical regulations primarily light must be positioned between 30 aim at 2 important things: speed Points system and 35 cm above the floor of the car. should be controlled in the interest of From the 2010 season onwards, the R safety, while simultaneously retaining first 10 drivers in each race are Race Commission the ongoing technical development awarded points for the championship This committee, which the FIA so critical to the nature of Formula ranking. The winner of the Grand Prix commissions for each race weekend, One. In addition, safety is to be is awarded 25 points, the drivers that monitors the activities on the circuit guaranteed in the event of an accident. Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology follow receive 25, 18, 15, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, and makes sure the safety rules and To achieve these aims, the following 2 and 1 respectively. The same points regulations are upheld. The national factors have been limited: engine system is used for the constructors’ race director is appointed by the capacity, fuel composition, tire size, championship. racing authority of the country that tire contact surface, minimum weight runs a Grand Prix event. He must and width of the cars. The sporting Pole position have an FIA super-license and is regulations primarily control the First place in the starting order for responsible for coordinating all the ‘procedure of a Grand Prix weekend, the race, which is given to the fastest officials during the race. He such as qualifying, deployment of the driver in qualifying. co-operates with his superior, the FIA safety car and the podium ceremony. race director. Red light: in rain, the rear light is an important warning device for the 46 pursuers (GP Malaysia 2009). 47 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:41 Uhr Seite 48 Introduction
Roll-out Run-off zone Seat The first test drive of a new racing Run-off zones are empty spaces After an accident, it must be possible car, usually at a private test. directly beside the actual race track. to remove the driver and seat from They are supposed to passively or the car together. Since 1999, regulations Roll-over bar actively decelerate cars, which are have stipulated that the seat may no If a car rolls over in an accident, the out of control and prevent a collision longer be installed as a fixed part of
roll-over bar, a curved structure above with track walls or barriers. During the car. The risk of doing spinal damage The season2010 the driver’s head made of metal or the past year an increasing number to the driver when removing him composite materials, is intended to of asphalted spaces have been from the car is thus eradicated. The provide the driver with better protection. introduced at various circuits as drivers seat is a tailor made plastic cast, have a better chance of regaining designed to provide perfect support control of their vehicle. Previously, for each individual driver. gravel pits were more common. Although gravel has a decelerating Set-up Slicks provide around 20 percent more grip.
effect the chances of controlling the General vehicle tuning for all the Formula One car are fairly low and the danger of adjustable mechanical and aerodynamic Slicks getting stuck is rather high. parts (wheel suspension, wings, etc.). Slicks are tires without tread patterns. Specifically, the term describes the In 2009 slicks were reintroduced to TM
various possibilities for adapting a Formula One in order to facilitate from A-Z Formula One car to the conditions of overtaking. Slicks provide around 20 a particular circuit. Included are, percent more grip compared to the among other things, modification to grooved tires used from 1998 until Tough customer: the roll over bar has to withstand the tires, suspension, wings and 2008. Formula One On themove– high impacts. engine and transmission settings. Slipstream Rubber build-up Shake-down Low pressure area behind a Formula TM
Due to the slow erosion of tire surfaces. The final test drive of a newly One car created by air currents. since 1950 When tires are driven on asphalt, the prepared car before the team departs Driving in the slipstream can provide surface rubs off and leaves behind Run-off zones are very important for safety in Formula One. to a Grand Prix. a boost to a car’s speed, making it the a layer of rubber on the road, which ideal position for a pursuing vehicle accumulates over the course of the Sidepods to start an overtaking maneuver. with BerndMayländer On track racing weekend and progressively S Side cladding of the cockpit which is enhances grip. This erosion is Safety belt integrated in the monocoque. The Spare car influenced both by the vehicle set up The safety belt used in monocoques sidepods contain crash structures Replacement cars are no longer and the abrasive properties of the is also known as a 6 point harness that absorb the forces arising from permitted in Formula One. However, asphalt. and can be opened with a single hand an accident or impact. The radiators if a driver irreparably damages his movement. are also located in the sidepods. car the team can prepare another car. If the driver changed his car between Safety Car Skid block qualifying and race, he must start The car that drives out in front of A plate made of plastic or wood fitted from the pits. Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology Formula One cars during the to the underbody of a racing car. It is formation lap. The Safety Car is also intended to prevent a strong suction Speed limiter used in hazardous situations, for effect, limiting excessively high The cruise control feature used in example after an accident, to slow speeds, especially in the corners, for Formula One pit lanes. It is activated down the field, bring the cars into safety reasons. It also acts as by pressing a button on the steering formation and prevent further protection for the underbody. wheel. Speed is then reduced down The Safety Car must not be overtaken (GP Belgium incidents. The Safety Car was to the pit lane limit. 2009). introduced in 1992, since 2000 the driver is the successful touring-car driver Bernd Mayländer.
48 49 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:41 Uhr Seite 50 Introduction
Stabilizers Strategy Technical delegate Rotary or torsion bars that connect Formula One teams can use their The FIA technical delegate leads the right and left wheel suspensions own race strategy. The number of team of technical inspectors flexibly to each other. The so called scheduled pit stops is optional. (scrutineers). They check whether the ‘roll bars’ help to reduce the rolling However, the drivers have to cover at cars meet the regulations. If the movement of the chassis along the least 1 stint (section up to the technical delegate does not think a
longitudinal axis and so provide next pit stop) on tires with both car conforms to the rules, he submits a The season2010 more precise handling during load prescribed compounds. Typically, report to the racing commissioners, shifts. there are 2 to 3 pit stops. Depending who are authorized to impose on the race situation (for instance a penalties. Start safety car period), the teams may Formula One uses a standing start. also change their strategy. Telemetry A system allowing a large quantity Starting grid Telemetry allows all vehicle data to be collected. of data, e.g. concerning chassis and
Each row of the starting grid up has 2 engine, to be recorded in the car and Formula One race cars, 1 slightly in front, with a T transmitted to the pits. There, the distance of 8 m to the next row. In the Tank data is analyzed so as to determine event of an illicit engine change the The fuel tank is a fiber-reinforced hull any faults (a loss of brake fluid or a TM
driver is relegated 10 positions on the that must yield flexibly when deformed. slow puncture, for example) at an from A-Z starting grid; 5 positions apply to an It must fulfill the FIA’s rigid criteria. early stage and to be able to improve illicit gear box change. To avoid damage, the tank is also the car’s set up. located within the monocoque and is Starting number thus encased in the survival cell, the Test runs Formula One On themove– All cars have to be fitted with the car’s best protected area. For the 2010 During test runs Formula One teams starting number of the respective season, the constructors had to try out new developments and various driver. The FIA specifies the size and enlarge the capacity of the fuel tank set-ups on the car. However, the TM
positioning. The numbers are The starting line up at the European GP (2007). by some 100 liters to about 230 liters teams are substantially limited since since 1950 assigned at the start of the season. because refueling is prohibited this 2009. From 1 week prior to the first The teams are always given 2 Super-license season. race until December 31, teams may consecutive numbers. The World Formula One driving license issued only test during free practice sessions Champion of the previous year is by the FIA. In the interest of safety, it Technical Committee and must not exceed 15,000 test with BerndMayländer On track always assigned number 1 and his is only granted on the basis of good These FIA experts lay down the Formula km per season. In addition, each team mate number 2. If the reigning results in the junior series or, in One regulations. Every team’s technical team may use 6 days for World Champion is no longer exceptional cases, if other proof of director is a member of the Technical aerodynamics tests. competing the following year, the ability can be supplied. It may also be Committee. The Committee makes number 1 is omitted. The number granted under provisional terms. recommendations to the FIA Formula Time penalty 13 is not assigned. One™ Commission. The decisions This is a penalty during the race for Suspension made by the Commission are in turn drivers who have violated regulations. Steering wheel Several years ago, the wheel suspension forwarded to the FIA’s World Once his team has been informed by A Formula One car’s steering wheel is was the Achilles’ heel of a Formula Motorsport Council and must then the racing commissioners, the driver Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology the control center for the driver. He One car, but the use of composite be approved by the FIA’s general must drive through the pit lane steers, clutches, changes gear and is materials has since made it extremely assembly. within the next 3 laps. He may not able to influence electronic functions robust. Basically, double arms are stop there to change tires. Entering by means of numerous buttons. A used at the front and rear, and each and leaving the pit lane cost the small screen displays current car team gives them a different penalized driver valuable time. statistics. The design and the aerodynamic shape. If the penalty is imposed during the arrangement are adjusted to suit last 5 laps, the driver no longer the individual driver. has to sit it – instead, he will have 25 seconds added to his final time.
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U V Introduction Tire stack Undertray Valves Tire stacks have been mandatory at The aerodynamically shaped lower The task of the engine controlled race tracks since 1981. The tire barrier surface of a racing car creates an valves is to open or close the inlet consists of 2 to 6 rows of conventional airflow, which in turn generates a and outlet ducts at the right moment car tires that are bolted together and vacuum under the car which provides and so to allow the gases into or out connected by rubber bands. This better grip. However, continuous air of the combustion chamber. Each
achieves an optimal absorption of ducts are banned in Formula One and valve consists of a stem and a disc. The season2010 the impact energy. are prevented by the skid block, which splits the airflow. Torque W Generated in the engine by the Understeering Warm-up combustion pressure acting on the When front wheels lose grip but the Warm-up practice and functional crankshaft via the pistons and the back ones do not. test on the morning of race day. Was connecting rods. The maximum abolished after the 2003 season.
torque is a benchmark for the power Formula One and usability of the engine and the Weight acceleration capacity of a racing car. A Formula One car must weigh at least 620 kg, including the driver but not TM
Traction including fuel. The vehicles’ from A-Z Black gold: the tires must conform exactly to regu- This term describes the ability of a construction weight is actually less. lations. race car to apply its engine’s power This way, the teams can achieve a to the track. better weight distribution using Tires additional weights, thus improving Formula One On themove– The teams have the choice between 2 Traction control the handling. The technical compounds (hard and soft) and 3 tire An electronic system, also called Canny corner: an understeering vehicle (A) tends to go straight on, commission of the FIA may, at any specifications (dry, intermediate and anti-slip control. It uses sensors to oversteering (B) can lead to the tail end breaking away. time, send cars to the electronic TM
wet). Both tire compounds have to be detect whether the wheels are scales located at the entrance to the since 1950 used during a race. The specification spinning and then automatically Underwear pit lane to ensure that the rules and is selected depending on the weather reduces the engine power. This Under the racing overall, drivers wear regulations are adhered to. and track conditions. Per weekend, a guarantees ideal acceleration, a T-shirt, boxers, socks and a balaclava. total of 11 dry, 4 intermediate and 3 especially at the start, when leaving All the underwear is made of fire with BerndMayländer On track wet tire sets may be used. The front a corner and on wet tracks. Traction resistant material made of Nomex® tire must be between 305 and 355 control has been prohibited since brand fiber. mm, the rear tire between 365 and 2008. 380 mm wide. The diameter of the rim must be between 328 and 332 mm, Turbo engines the diameter of the wheels must not The first turbo engine was used in exceed 660 mm (with dry tires) and Formula One in 1977. In qualifying, 670 mm (with wets). Up to the year these engines boasted up to 2008 tires with 4 symmetrical longi- 1,400 bhp. They were banned from Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology tudinal grooves were used, since 2009 Formula One in 1989. Formula One has been using treadles slicks again.
A Formula One car must weigh at least 620 kg. 52 53 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:42 Uhr Seite 54 Introduction
Winglet World champion Additional wing located on the car In Formula One, 2 World body just in front of the rear wheel. Championship titles are awarded – Prohibited since 2009. the drivers’ title and the manufacturers’ title. The drivers’ title has existed Wings since 1950, and the manufacturers’
Fixed surfaces which are intended to title was introduced in 1958. For the The season2010 increase downforce. The wings serve drivers, the points won in all the races to press the car downwards more are added up. If several drivers have firmly. The secret of wing adjustment the same points total, the title is lies in finding the best compromise determined by the final positions they between high speed on straights (low achieved: the number of first places, downforce) and optimal performance followed by the number of second in corners (high downforce). places, etc. In the manufacturers’
The front wings are 1,800 mm, the division, the points that both of the Formula One rear wings 750 mm wide. team’s drivers earn each race are added up. Wishbones TM
The components connecting the from A-Z wheel suspension and the chassis. X Wishbones are mounted at right X-wing angles to the vehicle’s longitudinal Additional wings developed by the Wet weather tires provide more grip on a wet track (GP China 2009). axis. These pivoting rods, which have Tyrrell team and first used in 1997. Formula One On themove– also acquired aerodynamic The X-wings created high levels of Wet weather tires Wind tunnel significance, must be made of downforce. For safety reasons, the FIA In wet weather, cars use special tires The holy shrine of every Formula One extremely strong materials. banned them before the Spanish TM
that are better able to displace water team and indispensable for the Grand Prix in 1998. since 1950 from the track and optimize grip. development of a race car. Aerodynamic studies are carried out Wheel tethers round the clock in the wind tunnel. Each wheel is connected to the chassis Using various flow speeds, the with BerndMayländer On track by means of high-performance tethers engineers can simulate various car (PBO, Zylon). They are intended to speeds and can test the effects of new prevent the wheels from flying off in vehicle parts or the aerodynamic the case of an accident. Each tether behavior of the entire car in various has to withstand a load of 7 tons. racing situations. The AT&T Williams team possesses 2 modern wind tunnels Wheel at Grove in England. Since January 1, Formula One uses relatively small 2009 teams may only test with models wheel sizes of 13 inches. Most road that do not exceed a scale of 60 percent Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology cars are fitted with wheels ranging for cost reduction reasons. between 16 and 20 inches. Instead, the Additionally tests in the wind tunnel wheel rims are much lighter due to must not exceed wind speeds of 50 m the use of magnesium. per second.
The width of the front wing has been increased from 1,400 to 1,800 mm in 2009.
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Y Z Introduction TM Yellow Zip History: the evolution of Formula One . Short for yellow flag, the flag used Whilst the zip on a driver's overall is by the marshals to signify hazardous hidden behind the layers of Nomex® situations to the drivers. fiber, it has to be able to withstand On the move – the same temperature that the suit TM will take in the event of a fire. It must Formula One since 1950
not melt or transfer heat close to the The season2010 driver's skin. Developments in sport go side by side with developments in technology. Not surprisingly high safety standards, which are symbolic for modern Formula One, have successfully been improved in the top-class of motorsport over the years. Formula One TM
This chapter provides you with a detailed chronology from A-Z of safety and performance improvements from the beginning of Formula One back in the 1950s to 2009. Formula One On themove– TM since 1950 with BerndMayländer On track
On the road to success: the AT&T Williams drivers 2010. aeyadTcnlg Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology
The start of the Dutch Grand Prix (1979) with Alan Jones in the Williams FW07 in the lead.
56 57 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:42 Uhr Seite 58 Introduction 1950 – 1969
The Fifties and the Sixties.
In the founding years of Formula One, without a compressor or 1.5 liters time Formula One motor racing The season2010 the regulations were kept very basic. with a turbo charger, the question of became fashionable, this had not really The pioneering heroes were daring men whether they were distributed over 12 changed much. During the following who sought adventure and speed. cylinders, as at Ferrari, or 16, as at years, however, safety steadily Although the engine capacity was Bugatti, was left entirely to the became more of a concern and safety specified at a maximum of 4.5 liters discretion of the designers. By the measures especially for drivers were gradually increased.
Year Safety improvements Year Performance improvements Formula One
1950 The first Formula One race is held at Silverstone in England. The cars were 1950 As Formula One starts its first official World Championship season at designed purely for speed, with front engines and drum brakes. A fascinating Silverstone, the range of engines is immense – the Alfa was bursting with TM
experience without medical back-up or any form of safety net. Permitted are 425 HP, but the Gordini could only manage 160 HP. Permitted are 4.5 liter from A-Z 4.5 liter naturally-aspirated engines or 1.5 liter supercharged engines. naturally-aspirated engines or 1.5 liter supercharged engines.
1955 Disc brakes are introduced – and a relocation takes place: The Australian Jack 1954 Naturally-aspirated engines may only have 2.5 liters of cubic capacity, Brabham, in his Cooper, is the first Formula One competitor to drive a supercharged engines 750 cubic cm. Formula One On themove– mid-engine vehicle. 1955 Several drivers are allowed to replace each other at the wheel, the Ferrari with 1960 The first safety measures are introduced in Formula One. the number 12 at the hot GP in Buenos Aires is driven by 5 drivers. TM since 1950 1961 Roll-overs bars are introduced for the first time. 1958 The first woman in Formula One: Maria Teresa de Filippis drives 3 races. Her best result is in Spa, where she finishes 10th in a Maserati. The first fuel 1963 Flag signals are introduced. Vehicle fire prevention is advanced by improvements regulations: aircraft fuel is stipulated instead of special mixtures based on the in fuel-tank construction. A double brake circuit becomes mandatory. The teams’ own formulae. with BerndMayländer On track Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA) assumes responsibility for safety on racing circuits. Helmets and overalls become mandatory. Drivers are 1961 Naturally-aspirated engines must have a minimum of 1.3 liters and a required to wear fireproof suits and unbreakable helmets. Cockpits are maximum of 1.5 liters of cubic capacity. Supercharged engines are banned. restructured to allow the drivers to deboard more quickly. 1966 The cubic capacity for naturally-aspirated engine is increased to 3 liters. 1968 Interrupters for electronic Supercharged engines (turbo or compressor) may have 1.5 liters. systems are introduced; the roll-over bar must reach 5 cm 1967 Colin Chapman, the Head of the Lotus Team, persuades Ford to finance a higher than the driver’s Formula One engine. The engines are built by the British racing-engine Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology head. Fireproof clothing is company, Cosworth. A legend is born. recommended. Dan Gurney is the first driver to use a 1969 A maximum car height and chassis width is full-visor helmet in practice regulated; aerodynamic components must for the British Grand Prix. not be flexible.
1969 A double fire extinguishing system is introduced. True leader: Jack Brabham at Eau Rouge in Spa, 1960. Juan Manuel Fangio in the pits, 1950.
58 59 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:42 Uhr Seite 60 Introduction 1970 – 1979
The Seventies.
In the seventies, only private racing in an impact on the big automotive The fuel tanks, for example, under- The season2010 teams participated in Formula One, manufacturers. The seventies focused went numerous improvements, as with the exception of Ferrari. Renault on vehicle safety. But attention was did the chassis structure. The cockpit entered the stage with a turbo engine also drawn to circuit conditions and opening was enlarged and 2 outside in 1977: a sensation, which resulted to improve driver equipment. mirrors were mandatory.
Year Safety improvements Year Performance improvements Formula One
1970 The FIA introduces circuit inspections before races. Stipulations also include 1971 The race distance is restricted to a maximum of 325 km. There are no longer any double crash barriers, a safety distance of 3 m between fences and seeded drivers during qualifying. TM
spectators as well as a wall between the pit lane and the track. from A-Z 1972 The FIA decides to limit the number of engine cylinders to 12. 1971 The cockpit must be designed in such a way that the driver can be rescued The minimum weight is increased from 530 to 550 kg, as new regulations about within 5 seconds. heavier tanks, more robust roll-over bars and more effective fire-extinguishing systems come into effect. Formula One On themove– 1972 Head rests and red rear lights are introduced; tanks contain security foam. The six-point seatbelt becomes mandatory. The FIA appoints the “code of 1973 The maximum quantity of fuel is limited to 250 liters. The minimum weight is conduct” for all drivers. raised to 575 kg. TM since 1950 1973 Medical tests for all drivers; integration of a tank in resistant structures. 1974 29 teams compete in Formula One. Most of them fail during qualifying.
1974 Safety walls become mandatory. 1976 The extremely high air cowls are banned. Front and rear wings have to be attached closer to the body. with BerndMayländer On track 1975 The FIA defines the standard for fireproof clothing. The presence of marshals; a medical service with a center for reanimation as well as compulsory rescue 1977 Renault heralds the turbo era at the British Grand Prix in Silverstone. Jean-Pierre training becomes mandatory. Jabouille claims the first victory with a turbo engine on July 1st 2 years later at the French Grand Prix. 1977 The FIA determines uniform specifications for gravel traps and defines the Niki Lauda sets new standards and signs his Brabham contract for 1978 only standard for helmets. after the Team Head, Bernie Ecclestone, guarantees him 2 million US dollars – until then, the highest ever wage in Formula One. 1978 Only drivers with an FIA super-license may enter Formula One races. A sheet 1979 The FIA deploys a permanent race starter. Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology pile wall behind the driver and a front rollover bar are introduced.
1979 Larger cockpit accesses are compulsory. Niki Lauda, Carlos Reutemann and Mario Andretti compete in overalls made of 5 layers of fireproof material as used by NASA for the first time. Alan Jones in the Williams FWO6 at Monaco Grand High-tech in 1983: cockpit of the Prix in 1978. Williams FW08.
60 61 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:42 Uhr Seite 62 Introduction 1980 – 1989
The Eighties.
The most significant safety develop- protection than the previously used The money was then distributed to The season2010 ment in Formula One was the aluminum cockpits. Formula One the teams according to an internal monocoque. McLaren and Lotus were raised its prices. A Grand Prix performance key. The ban of the first teams to make carbon fiber organizer had to pay 540,000 US turbo-engines in 1989 closed an safety cells. In the event of impact dollars in order for Formula One to exciting chapter of Grand Prix history. they provide considerably more make a guest appearance.
Year Safety improvements Year Performance improvements Formula One
1980 Permanent medical centers beside the race tracks are compulsory. 1980 With help of the new computer technology, Ferrari and Brabham transmitted the official timings to the pit lane. TM
1981 The safety cell is extended to include the driver’s foot area. from A-Z 1983 Ban on sills and sealing strips for improving the grip of the cars. 50 cm of 1984 The fuel tank must be located between the driver and the engine. The FIA “deformable structure” are stipulated as a crash crumple zone. super-license is introduced. 1985 It is officially forbidden to cool the fuel in order to reduce weight. The size of the Formula One On themove– 1985 Initial crash tests are used to determine the effects of frontal impact. tanks is reduced to 195 liters. Refueling during the race remains prohibited.
1986 Helicopters must be on stand by, ready for circuit medical personnel. 1986 As all the teams are using turbo engines, naturally-aspirated engines are banned TM
as from this season onwards. since 1950 1987 The FIA regulates safety on non-permanent racing tracks. 1987 The FIA backs down and reintroduces naturally-aspirated engines up to 3.5 liters 1988 Crash tests for the safety cell and the fuel tank. The driver’s feet must be behind as well as supercharged engines up to 1.5 liters of cubic capacity. Cars with the front axle. A permanent FIA race director is appointed. naturally-aspirated engines may be 40 kg lighter than the turbos. The FIA, the with BerndMayländer On track constructors’ association FOCA and the teams agree on the distribution of the 1989 Safety walls must be at least 1 m high, and the pit wall must have a income from TV rights. The teams receive 46 percent, the FIA percent minimum height of 1.35 m. Doping tests are introduced similar to those and the Head of FOCA, Bernie Ecclestone, receives 24 percent. of the International Olympic Committee. 1989 Ferrari uses a semi-automatic transmission that is operated via rocker switches on the steering wheel. Supercharged engines are ultimately banned. Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology Solely 3.5 liter naturally-aspirated engines are allowed.
In the frame: Williams monocoque in Monaco, Keke Rosberg Williams FW10 leads the field at the start of the 1983. race at the Dutch Grand Prix, Zandvoort, 25 August 1985.
62 63 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:42 Uhr Seite 64 Introduction 1990 – 1994
The Nineties.
Formula One fascinates people all During the nineties an absolute The FIA appointed an expert group in The season2010 over the world. In 1991, for example, 4 priority was placed on protecting order to assess how new technology million people wanted to buy tickets drivers, fans and marshals. In 1994, could improve Formula One safety. for the Japanese Grand Prix. Counting for example, all pit crews were 130,000 spectators, the race in Suzuka obliged to wear fireproof clothing. was completely sold out.
Year Safety improvements Year Performance improvements Formula One
1990 Larger rear-view mirrors and detachable steering wheels become mandatory. 1991 The winner of a Grand Prix now receives 10 points. Previously, it was 9. Rescue training for drivers is compulsory. Before his third Formula One season, Jean Alesi signs agreements with Tyrrell, TM
Williams and Ferrari. In the end, the Italians win the race for the French from A-Z 1991 Tests for roll-over bars, seatbelts and survival cells. superstar.
1992 Introduction of the Safety Car; intensified crash tests. 1992 Michael Schumacher claims his first victory in Formula One at the Belgian Grand Prix in Spa-Francorchamps and goes on to become the most successful Formula One On themove– 1993 The area of the drivers’ head protection is increased from 80 to 400 square cm. Grand Prix driver of all time. New track surface at the Hungaroring: as a result, The height of the rear wing is reduced, the distance from the front wing to the 60 spins on the 2 practice days. ground is increased and the circumference of the steering wheel is reduced; the The Williams team competes with active suspension and is virtually unbeatable. TM
tire width is reduced from 18 to 15 inches. Solely normal fuel may now be used. Every vehicle tilt is compensated immediately via computer. since 1950
1994 All members of the refueling crew must wear fireproof clothing. The FIA assigns 1993 The FIA steps on the cost brake. From now on, each driver has only 28 slick tires a team of experts to check how Formula One can be safer by means of new at his disposal and free practice is reduced from 90 to 60 minutes. technologies. The auxiliary driving features traction control, ABS, assisted brakes Moreover, the teams can now only use fuel that fulfils all the statutory provisions with BerndMayländer On track and automatic gear change are prohibited. of normal petrol used in everyday motor vehicles. The FIA uses computer analysis to identify 27 particularly dangerous corners that have to be made safer. Test procedures for tire barriers become mandatory, 1994 All electronic aids are banned, including active suspension, automatic and barriers must also be secured by rubber belts. The speed limit in the pit lane transmission, ABS, traction control, four-wheel steering and level control. is reduced to 80 kmph in practice and 120 kmph in races. Formula One is a major technical challenge for the car manufacturers. No fewer The production standard for helmets becomes stricter. than 8 engine manufacturers are active this season. It is now permitted again to refuel during a pit stop. For this purpose, all the teams are given standardized systems which supply 12 liters of fuel per second to the tank. Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology 1801 buses are required to transport the spectators to the remote new Aida track for the Pacific Grand Prix. Small front wings and a shorter diffuser reduce downforce.
Nigel Mansell Williams FW14 celebrates his race victory at the end of the race. German Grand Prix in Hockenheim 1991.
64 65 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:42 Uhr Seite 66 Introduction 1995 – 1999
Year Safety improvements Year Performance improvements The season2010
1995 Crash tests become stricter, lateral crash tests are introduced. 1995 The stipulated maximum engine capacity is reduced from 3.5 to 3 liters. Front The FIA introduces new criteria for the acquisition of an F1 super-license. wings are reduced.
1997 FIA accident data recorders are installed in all cars for more precise accident 1996 The classic starting lights have had their day. In the past, the field was sent on its analysis. Small wings at the back and the sides are prohibited. A rear impact test way with a green light. Now, 5 red lights are lit in turn and then suddenly go off –
and new crash structures in the gearbox are compulsory. that is the starting signal. Formula One Tire barriers have to be bolted down. 1998 Slicks are forbidden. The new tires must have 3 grooves at the front of the car 1998 Car width is reduced from 2 to 1.8 m, cockpits are enlarged. Steering wheel: and 4 grooves at the rear. This is intended to reduce cornering speeds. TM
Within 10 seconds the driver has to be able to deboard and reattach the steering from A-Z wheel. Rear-view mirror: The mirror must be at least 120x50 mm.
1999 Wheels are attached to the chassis by tethers to stop them from flying off during accidents. Formula One On themove– The seat and driver can be removed together. The crash tests for the front become stricter. Asphalt instead of gravel is used for some of the run-off zones. Four medically TM
equipped rescue vehicles and a car for the FIA-doctor are compulsory. since 1950 with BerndMayländer On track aeyadTcnlg Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology
Jacques Villeneuve in the Williams FW18 makes a mid-race pit stop (GP Spain 1996). Heinz-Harald Frentzen in the Williams FW20 at the 1998 San Marino Grand Prix.
66 67 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:42 Uhr Seite 68 Introduction 2000 – 2002
The next century.
Various technological improvements A new approach defines regulation Along with the technological races are noticeably migrating from The season2010 and increasing popularity of Formula details not only by complex advances the safety aspect in the old markets in Europe and One heralded a new era. For instance, measurements and detailed provisions Formula One became more and Northern America to the Middle and the extensively standardized motor but rather focussing on the idea of more important in the new century. Far East with new tracks in Bahrain, architecture or the increased duration improving the spectacular and to From a sporting and commercial Abu Dhabi, Singapore and Korea. for highly stressed components. reduce the costs. perspective Formula One and its
Year Safety improvements Year Performance improvements Formula One
2000 Impact speed for the mandatory crash test is raised from 13 to 14 m per second. 2000 Formula One returns to Indianapolis after 39 years. No Grand Prix had taken The carbon fiber walls of the cockpit must be at least 3.5 mm thick. place in the United States in previous 9 years. TM ® The layer of 2.5 mm Kevlar fiber inside the cockpit walls is designed to resist from A-Z penetration. 2002 Power steering: Power steering has been permitted since January 1, 2002 but The roll-over bar above the driver’s head is raised by 20 to 70 mm and must be without electronic control. This should rule out any possibility of cheating. able to withstand a lateral force of 2.4 tons. Team: Each team may change their lead driver once and their second driver 3 The wheels must be attached to the chassis by means of tethers. times during the season. In case of extreme circumstances, such as illness or Formula One On themove– Time penalty: The penalty is shown on all trackside clocks. From this point on, accident, drivers may be replaced more often. the driver concerned has 3 laps in which to go to the pits to sit out the penalty. TM
2001 Blue flag: A driver must allow a vehicle behind him to pass when the blue flag is since 1950 shown for the third time. Otherwise a 10-second stop-and-go penalty will be imposed. The marshals are protected better by stricter safety specifications. Headrests must be mounted in accordance with FIA standards. Cockpit walls at with BerndMayländer On track a driver’s head level must rise to the rear at a slope of at least 16 degrees. The speed during lateral impact tests is increased from 7 to 10 m per second; the height distance of the front wing is increased by 50 mm.
2002 If the race is interrupted, drivers may change cars. But this is only allowed if the leading driver has not completed more than 2 laps. Penalties: Time penalties (stop-and-go) can be imposed on drivers who trigger a false start, cause an accident or collision, force another driver off the track, fail to heed a blue flag 3 times, or intentionally impede another driver trying to Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology overtake. Time penalties are also incurred for exceeding the speed limit in the pit lane, and may be imposed for running over chicanes if this gives an advantage to the driver in terms of track position. Crash test: There is a new lateral test for the rear of the cars. A force of 40 kN is exerted for 30 seconds on a defined area of the carbon fiber wall. There may be no discernible deformation following this applied force. The rear lights are increased in size to 6 by 6 cm. Ralf Schumacher in the Williams FW24 at the 2002 French GP.
68 69 Introduction The season 2010 Formula OneTM from A-Z On the move – On track Safety and Technology Facts and Figures Formula OneTM since 1950 with Bernd Mayländer 71 Team orders that influence the race events are explicitly forbidden. that influence the race events orders Team drivers in a race are now given points New points system: the 8 best-placed according to the system 10-8-6-5-4-3-2-1. has to come out 5 times at the totally The Safety Car is used 13 times. It alone. waterlogged Brazilian Grand Prix the first Bahrain and Chinese Grand Prix. For The new races this season are the exception of the 4 best-placed teams from the time, there are 18 races. With the may use a third car during the first and second free all teams previous year, in the pit lane is increased to 100 kmph for practice sessions. The speed limit it may be reduced for circuits with a qualifying and the race. However, particularly narrow pit lane. at his disposal for the Grand Prix weekend. Each driver now has only 1 engine driver is moved 10 places further back on every engine change, the affected For driver the starting grid. If the change is made after second qualifying, the automatically has to start from the back of the field. The minimum weight of the car (with driver and fuel) is 600 kg. Exception: During qualifying there is a 605 kg minimum. Each driver must transmission from the pits to the car are forbidden. Telemetry control, drive the car independently and without auxiliary features. Traction launch control and automatic gear change are prohibited. pillars in a The Shanghai International Circuit is built on over 40,000 concrete marsh. The duration of each engine is increased from 1 to 2 entire Grand Prix weekends. and rear Changes to the aerodynamic parts such as the diffusers and the front wings are intended to reduce the overall downforce of the cars. on New qualifying regulations: there are 2 qualifying sessions – the first Each driver now has only The times are added. the second on Sunday. Saturday, 3 sets of tires at his disposal per Grand Prix weekend. of 19 races for the first time. A new one is the One calendar consists The Formula Grand Prix. Turkish Year improvements Performance 2003 2004 2005 , for instance. ® Antonio Pizzonia in the Williams FW26 slides into the La Source hairpin with smoking tires during the 2004 Belgian Grand Prix . Numerous circuits undergo reconstruction prior to the season so as to improve Numerous circuits undergo reconstruction Silverstone: the Stowe corner’s run-off zone is changed to safety even further. before the final corner is revised. asphalt. Nürburgring: the chicane is made safer as the cars now enter the Magny-Cours: the pits’ new exit lane the run-off zones and safety walls in the first circuit at racing speed. Budapest: the winding circuit is given larger run-off corner are increased in size. Suzuka: routes. zones and new emergency access introduced in 2001 becomes mandatory for all The HANS system which was first drivers. pit lane with garages for all the teams. New Monte Carlo is given a permanent and Shanghai set new standards in terms standards: the new tracks in Bahrain of safety. higher Helmets: The FIA introduces a new safety standard which sets out even requirements for the development of driver helmets. are thickened Head support: The protecting cushions on the inside of the cockpit from 75 to 100 mm. Wheel tethers: the wheels are connected to the chassis with high-performance tons. tethers. Each tether must be able to withstand a minimum load of 6 Grand Prix, is one of the safest The Istanbul Racing Circuit, built for the Turkish tracks. One and most modern Formula wings, barge avoid sharp splinters on the track after accidents, all front To given an boards and relatively small aerodynamic body-styling parts must be additional outer coating made of Kevlar Year improvements Safety 2004 2005 2003
70 2003 – 2005 2003 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:42 Uhr Seite 70 Uhr Seite 22:42 16.02.2010 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:42 Uhr Seite 72 Introduction 2006 – 2008
Year Safety improvements Year Performance improvements The season2010
2006 The impact speed for the rear crash test is increased from 12 to 15 m per second. 2006 This season, there are 11 teams on the starting grid again for the first time since 2002. There is now only 1 free practice session on Saturday. 2007 If the Safety Car comes onto the track, the pit lane is closed and only opened V8 engines with 2.4 liter cubic capacity, 90 degree cylinder angle as well as 2 again when the entire field has formed up in position behind the Safety Car. intake and outlet valves per cylinder replace the previously used 3 liter The cars are fitted with diodes that transmit the flag signals from the marshals 10-cylinder engines.
to the drivers in the cockpits. The qualifying system involves a process of elimination. Tire changes during the Formula One Circuits: For the first time since 1977, the Japanese Grand Prix is being held in race are now permitted again. Fuji again and not in Suzuka. After a year’s break for reconstruction work to improve the track safety, Spa has returned to the calendar. The speed limit in the 2007 The test km permitted between January 1 and December 31 have been TM
pit lane is reduced from 100 to 80 kmph. limited to 30,000 per team. In the process, a maximum of 300 sets of tires may be from A-Z During a Safety Car phase, any lapped cars positioned between the cars running used. on the lead lap may overtake them and the Safety Car, in order to take up The calendar consists of 17 races – 1 fewer than in 2006. While Spa is hosting a position at the back of the field. This is designed to prevent the leading drivers race again, Imola and Hockenheim have been cancelled. from being separated or even hindered by trailing cars at the re-start. Bridgestone is now the only tire manufacturer for all the teams. Formula One On themove– The engines are restricted to a maximum torque of 19,000 rpm. They are based on the 2006 engines and will be used until the end of the 2010 season. During this period, they may only be modified slightly, for instance in the areas of the TM
intake air duct and the exhaust system. since 1950 Friday practice has been converted into a test day. In the 2 90-minute sessions (previously 60), each team may use a maximum of 2 cars, which may also be driven by a test driver. with BerndMayländer On track 2008 Traction control is no longer permitted. At the same time electronic starting assistance will be forbidden. A gearbox has to last for 4 Grand Prix weekends with effect from the start of the 2008 Formula One World Championship. The Singapore Grand Prix is the first night race in the history of Formula One. Instead of the current individually assessable Electronic Control Unit (ECU) the new standard module by Microsoft and McLaren-subsidiary MES has to be used in the cars. The first of 3 qualifying parts is going to be extended from 15 to 20 minutes; therefore the third part is reduced from 15 to 10 minutes. Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology In order to bring forward fuel development for mass-production vehicles, 5.75 percent of Formula One fuel has to originate from biological sources.
The Safety Car in the lead at the 2008 Belgian GP.
72 73 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:43 Uhr Seite 74 Introduction 2009 – 2010
Year Safety improvements Year Performance improvements The season2010
2009 The FIA forms the Motor Sport Safety Development Fund, which will be equipped 2009 The FIA pushes for an extensive cost reduction package, which marks the advent with 60 million US dollars – the penalty sum McLaren-Mercedes had to pay after of a new era in Formula One. Engines must be used on 3 instead of 2 race a legal decision in 2008. The management committee consists of Michael weekends. A maximum of 8 engines are at each driver’s disposal per season plus Schumacher as the chairman, Max Mosley, Nick Craw, Jean Todt and Norbert another 4 for tests, which equals 20 engines per team. The engines’ revs per Haug. Within 5 years the fund will be utilized for a safety program for young minute are limited to 18,000. Any enhancement inside the engine is prohibited.
drivers, a training program for officials and a program for circuit safety. Tests are not allowed during the season. Wind tunnels for scales of more than 60 Formula One The process of appointing race stewards is changed. From this time, they are percent and wind speed exceeding 50 m per second are prohibited. Personnel provided with an improved video analysis system. All decisions after incidents expenditures at the circuits are reduced. Homologation regulations for will be published online by the FIA, if need be also video sequences. components are changed to the benefit of the common part principle in order to TM
work more economically. from A-Z 2010 The refuelling stops permitted in the races since 1994 are prohibited again. Extensive modifications of the technical regulations including the Kinetic Energy Consequently, the pit stops will be much quicker, possibly around 4 seconds. Recovery System (KERS), modifications to the front and rear wings and the use of Since the dry weight of the F1 race cars is raised to 620 kg and the slicks are primarily geared toward improving the show. vehicles carry a higher fuel load, the FIA issues more stringent rules for crash There are several changes to the race calendar in 2009 as well: Canada and Formula One On themove– tests. France have dropped out. Instead, the spectacular night race right in the middle In the future, seasoned former Formula One drivers and a steward from the of Abu Dhabi has been added. national automobile association willl assist the race stewards on the race TM
weekends in making their decisions about penalties. 2010 Mercedes acquires the championship-winning Brawn GP team and persuades since 1950 record world champion Michael Schumacher to return to Formula One racing. Since 2010, the F1 grid includes 6 additional cars, a new points system is introduced. In the future, the top 10 drivers of a Grand Prix race receive championship points with BerndMayländer On track according to the following system: 25-18-15-12-10-8-6-4-2-1. To accommodate the expanded F1 field, the qualifying format has been slightly modified as well. 8 drivers, respectively, are eliminated in the first and second qualifying segments. In the third qualifying segment, 10 drivers – as in the past – go for the pole position. These 10 drivers no longer have to run on a full load of fuel since subsequent refuelling is now allowed. This makes it easier again for fans to compare the performances of the drivers. Cars having participated in Q3 must start the race on the same set of tyres with which their grid time was set. Tire supplier Bridgestone reduces the width of the front tires for 2010. The resulting Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology change in the grip ratio between the front and rear wheels changes the weight distribution in the vehicles. The number of dry weather tyre sets allocated per driver has been reduced from 14 to 11. The South Korean Grand Prix has been newly added to the calendar and the race in Montréal, Canada, will return to the international Grand Prix stage.
A new season for AT&T Williams.
74 75 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:43 Uhr Seite 76 Introduction
The Official Formula One™ Safety Car driver. On track with Bernd Mayländer The season2010
Always in the background and still a vital part of Formula One: Bernd Mayländer, the Official Formula One™ Safety Car driver. The FIA is responsible for the deployment of the Official Formula One™ Safety Car and sends it onto the track in hazardous situations. Bernd Mayländer gives Formula One exclusive insights into his unique role. TM from A-Z
The Car.
Tell us about the Official Formula It has been possible to dispense with The Official Formula OneTM Safety Car on the track (2009). Formula One On themove– One™ Safety Car? all the mechanical and hydraulic “The Safety Car is a 525-HP Mercedes- components of the convertible roof. Who decides when you should take What influence does a Safety Car Benz SL 63 AMG. It is not a standard Also, the sound-absorbing materials, to the track? phase have on the race strategy? TM
road car. In order to ensure the best which serve primarily to improve the “The decision is made by the FIA race “As a rule, the teams use a Safety Car since 1950 possible reliability even in tropical driving comfort, have been removed. director, Charlie Whiting. He also phase for an unscheduled pit stop, temperatures, the vehicle incorporates The result is a weight reduction of decides when the Safety Car phase because it involves a much smaller large additional coolers for engine oil, 220 kg and a Safety Car that only is finished.” loss of time than if the field is racing transmission oil, cooling water and weighs 1750 kg.” at full speed. If a team manages to with BerndMayländer On track power steering. Despite a larger How are the drivers informed about bring its driver into the pits at exactly braking system including brake cooling, When are you deployed onto the track? the Safety Car phase? the right time, it can result in a crucial additional cooling measures, lighting “According to the official regulations “The drivers are notified by the advantage. Because the field is system and communications of the Fédération Internationale de marshals and light-panels that show pressed up close together during a equipment the Safety Car is significantly l’Automobile (FIA), the car is deployed yellow flags together with the letters Safety Car phase, it also increases the lighter than the road version. 'if competitors or officials are in ‘SC’. Additionally the driver is excitement for the spectators.” immediate physical danger but the informed via radio by the team and a circumstances are not such as to warning light inside the cockpit Since when has the Safety Car been necessitate stopping the race', for flashes until the Safety Car phase is used in Formula OneTM? Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology example after an accident or in severe over.” “It’s first introduction was in 1973 at rain showers.” the Canadian Grand Prix. However, How long does the Safety Car remain the FIA laid down clear guidelines for What’s the role of the Official on the circuit? the role of the Safety Car in 1992.” Formula One™ Safety Car? “It will remain until the hazardous “It takes up its position at the front situation is under control and the FIA of the field and leads the Formula feel that it is safe to resume. The laps One cars around the track at reduced completed during the Safety Car phase speed until the dangerous situation count as normal race laps. If the Awaiting its deployment: the Official Formula One™ has passed. All the cars, beginning specified number of laps is completed, Safety Car (Photo 2008). with the race leader, must line up a race can also come to an end 76 behind the Safety Car.” behind the Safety Car.” 77 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:43 Uhr Seite 78 Introduction
The Driver. A typical Formula One™ race weekend.
Thursday Friday In 2000 the FIA entrusted the task of “Generally I arrive on Wednesday “Friday morning we leave the hotel at driving the Official Formula One™ evening, at European races early on around 7 - 7.30 am. After arriving at
Safety Car to Bernd Mayländer, a Thursday morning. We meet at the the circuit we have a brief meeting The season2010 successful touring-car driver. He race track at around 10.00 am. First, I with Charlie Whiting, the press, the knows how to keep the pace during go to the FIA office, where we have a technical and software department the safety period just high enough so short meeting and go through the and with my team. that the race-car tires do not cool important documents for the race down too much. Bernd started his weekend, such as race schedules, Afterwards we perform another GPS career in karting at the end of the circuit maps, rules and regulations test of the circuit – this test is performed 1980s. In the following years he etc. Then I get changed into my race from Thursday through to Sunday.
progressed to Formula Ford, the overalls and I am in the Safety Car at This is very important because a Formula One Porsche Carrera Cup, the FIA GT 1.35 pm. Between 2 pm and 3 pm the track system is built into the Safety Championship and the Deutsche first circuit test takes place. The Car and all other Formula OneTM race Tourenwagen Meisterschaften (DTM) Safety Car is therefore the first car cars, which not only provides an TM
before becoming the Official Formula that enters the circuit each race exact location of the vehicles but also from A-Z One™ Safety Car driver in 2000. Safety in person – Bernd Mayländer drives the Official Formula One™ Safety Car weekend. The track test is very transmits the flag signals on the side since 2000 (2008). important because both the car and of the track to the display in the car. the track are being tested, also the Tests have shown that the driver can radio system, the GPS systems, as see them much better on the display Formula One On themove– A part of Formula One™ – Bernd Mayländer about his work well as the cameras. – this goes a long way towards environment increasing safety at the circuit. TM
“The Safety Car is deployed on Formula Our safety team consists of 2 safety I follow the practice session on the since 1950 One™ race weekends, so my working cars and 2 medical cars – we transport monitor in the FIA trucks, but I am week generally starts on Thursday approximately 3.5 tons of material not in my car because there is no and ends on Sunday. Besides Formula from race to race, which we store in a Safety Car during the practice session. One™, the car is also used in other small area on the pit lane or next to I can always be reached though, in with BerndMayländer On track racing series over the course of the it. Along with my co-driver Peter case the Safety Car is needed. weekend such as the GP2 Series, Tibbetts, I am responsible for the Porsche Supercup, etc. Official Formula One™ Safety Car. The Formula OneTM drivers briefing The same rules and regulations apply The medical car is staffed by an takes place at 5 pm and during the as in Formula One™. Even if this additional driver and the F1 rescue The first car on the track: The Official Formula One™ Safety Car in Thursdays driver briefing the previous race and means additional work for me, it coordinator of the FIA. 2 mechanics track test (GP Italy 2009). the current race are analyzed and we ensures the same safety standard in take care of our cars, and remain Then, I forward our test results to discuss what can be improved and all series and this is our main objective. present at all times. My co-driver and Charlie Whiting, change into my how. The meeting is led by Charlie I have been working together since official FIA clothing and attend the Whiting and all Formula OneTM drivers Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology 2000 – we always work as a team! Drivers Briefing for the GP 2 series. and test-drivers, FIA race stewards The meeting takes roughly 10-30 and I are present. After the meeting Our small team is part of the FIA and minutes, depending on the topics I return to the hotel. I try to exercise is coordinated by the Race Director and how much needs to be discussed. or go for dinner with friends – it is Charlie Whiting, and FIA observer After that I return to the hotel. I usually completely up to me how I plan my Herbie Blash in Race Control. During spend the evening exercising or I go evening.“ a race, I am permanently in radio for dinner with the teams and sponsors. contact with Herbie Blash, who keeps It depends on which city we are in – me up-to-date on all the racing cities like Melbourne and Istanbul Communication: Bernd Mayländer is always in contact action.” obviously offer more possibilities to with Race Control. go out in the evening than others.” 78 79 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:43 Uhr Seite 80 Introduction
Sunday I observe the race on the TV monitor If the race is finished without a Safety “On Sunday we arrive even earlier at in the car and I also watch the weather. Car phase – which is thankfully usually the track. It is one of the greatest I usually communicate 2 to 3 times the case – I wait for the last race car moments of the weekend – to see how with Race Control to check whether and I follow it. With this, I notify the the circuit and the people slowly awake all frequencies function properly and marshals that there are no other cars and embrace the exciting day ahead. to receive further weather updates. coming behind me and that they are
When I get a command, I always have able to enter the circuit. The season2010 The toughest part of the day for me to confirm it by stating what I am begins right after the GPS test. After currently doing. It is like the If no support race takes place, my day the second GP2 race, the Porsche relationship between an airplane usually ends there. There are races, Supercup takes place and at 1 pm the pilot and air traffic control: when the after which I leave straight away and showdown for the Formula OneTM race pilot receives the order he then others where we depart on Monday During the training and qualifying sessions, the Official Formula One™ Safety Car begins. confirms it and also re-confirms the morning. When my work is done it is is only deployed in exceptional cases (GP Canada 2008). update of his/her new position. In nice to spend Sunday evenings at
At 1.10 pm my boss Charlie Whiting addition, our mechanics also follow home.“ Formula One Saturday brings the Official Formula One™ the radio on the pit lane. “Saturday morning the FIA arrive at Safety Car to the starting grid and the track very early and have another hands it over to me. I check again TM
meeting and this is followed by a GPS whether the camera and the radio from A-Z test, then I watch the third practice function properly and I make sure I session. get the most recent weather update – which is a very important part of Directly after Formula OneTM qualifying, my race preparation. Formula One On themove– the countdown starts for the first GP2 race. The GP2 race on Saturday At 1.50 pm I join my co-driver in the afternoon is principally the same as car. We adjust our helmets, buckle up TM
the Formula One race, just at a and check the radio frequency. since 1950 different time and with different cars. At 1.55 pm we leave the starting grid Saturday evening we usually socialize and park the car in the agreed parking a little but we tend not to stay up position for the first lap. As soon as all with BerndMayländer On track that late – because Sunday is the all cars have completed the first curve, I important race day.” am told to move the Safety Car to the parking position for the rest of the race by my colleagues in Race Control.
Attention aquaplaning: The Official Formula One™ Safety Car is on track as soon as weather conditions worsen (GP Malaysia 2009). aeyadTcnlg Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology
Testing the system: Bernd Mayländer is checking the TV monitor, the radio and the GPS in his car (GP Hungary 2007). 80 81 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:43 Uhr Seite 82 Introduction
Bernd Mayländer on track. Safety is essential –
“During the race I am constantly in This is so the race cars do not overheat Bernd Mayländer about the Safety Car and I follow the race on from the lack of cooling air or that safety in Formula OneTM. the monitor in my car and also listen their tire pressure does not decrease. to the radio, which connects me to The teams have also an impact on “In the field of safety, a lot has changed
Race Control. the velocity. They inform Race over the past few years. Regardless of The season2010 Control if they want me to speed up which Formula OneTM topic you speak If the weather conditions worsen, or or slow down. about, whether it is the race car, the an accident occurs, I communicate circuit, or the procedure of a Safety with Race Control several times. I give I tend to drive at my limit during the Car deployment – everything is being them my opinion of the situation and Safety Car phase – the Safety Car actively thought about and there is I wait for their feedback. Race Control often seems slower than it is. Just to always room for improvements. There then decide whether I will be deployed give an example: A Formula OneTM are different departments within the
or not. Along with the information I race car is on average 35-55 seconds FIA which are responsible for safety Formula One provide, Race Control takes the faster with every lap it completes, in Formula OneTM and there are many information of the weather station depending on the length of the track. regulations which are created in and the teams into consideration. This means that a Formula OneTM car co-operation with the Formula OneTM TM
can overtake the Safety Car every 3 teams. These intensive exchanges from A-Z If Race Control sees potential for the laps. It is incredible how fast these with the drivers ensure constant deployment of the car, I get the cars are. improvement. Currently, command – ‘Safety Car stand-by!’ I we already are at a very high level prepare for deployment and wait for I then stay on the circuit until the and strive to continuously enhance Formula One On themove– further commands. If I receive a hazardous situation has been overcome. safety standards in the future.” ‘Safety Car stand-down!’ the dangerous This is the decision of Race Control. situation no longer exists, and there At the end of the second section I TM
is no need for me to go on the track. switch off the warning lights. Before since 1950 taking the next possible exit, I turn If I hear ‘Safety Car GO!’ I immediately into the pit lane and the grid is drive onto the circuit and try to released. Overtaking is only permitted quickly go in front of the leading car, after having crossed the start/finish with BerndMayländer On track so that the race cars can line up line.” behind me.
During a Safety Car phase, safety is the most important element; however I still need to maintain a certain level of speed. aeyadTcnlg Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology
Safety is a crucial element of Formula OneTM: Behind the scenes, the FIATM continuously improve safety standards in order to guarantee top class motor racing (GP China 2009).
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Unique in the world: The Allianz Center for Technology Around the world, over 3000 people Christoph Lauterwasser, Managing die in road accidents every day. For Director of the AZT says “The Allianz every fatality, there are 10 serious Formula One engagement has always Safety and Technology injuries and it is expected that with been closely linked with our holistic the growth in road traffic, these view on safety. The AZT provides numbers will double by 2020. Within integrated consultancy in accident
its damage research activities, the research to improve road safety The season2010 AZT conducts 1 crash test every week standards. Based on our repair of the year, improving road safety for research we are also able to provide In close co-operation with the Allianz Center for over 50 million motor insurance benefits on the wider risk-prevention Technology (AZT) Allianz is firmly committed in to customers of Allianz and all other related topics like, for example, traffic participants. limiting the extent of damage during improving safety standards for industry and customers car crashes.” worldwide. Allianz utilize their engagement in Formula Numerous conclusions drawn from
AZT studies help to improve passenger The partnership between Allianz and Formula One One since 2000 to raise the importance of road safety protection for adults and children as AT&T Williams has paved a way to globally. well as traffic safety for cyclists, fruitful information exchange motorcyclists and pedestrians. A lot between the AZT and AT&T Williams TM
has been learned from research and a team and engineers especially from A-Z Motor insurance customers have long great deal of knowledge has been regarding road safety issues. Also the trusted Allianz as a committed partner channeled back into the industry. FIA’s methods of ensuring safety concerning safety and risk issues. The during a race weekend, ranging from AZT is working in several national driver protection and circuit safety to Formula One On themove– and international projects to improve crash standards, closely relate to the safety and lower the number of AZT’s holistic approach to minimizing fatalities on the roads. Thanks to its risk and maximizing safety on roads TM
high level of expertise, the AZT has of any kind. since 1950 been consulted by the automotive industry for many years. Engineers, Using the global reach of Formula scientists and craftsmen closely One, Allianz and the AZT have The Allianz Center for Technology operate together at the AZT analyzing developed a successful information with BerndMayländer On track (AZT) was founded as a unique damages, determining accident program which has been implemented worldwide research institute and a full causes and developing concepts for in several counties across Europe and subsidiary of Allianz in Munich over damage prevention. Asia, highlighting the importance of 70 years ago. Providing successful risk safety on the Formula One tracks as management as well as accident well as on public roads. The and damage research in industrial communication focuses on the driver’s technology, the AZT extended its self responsibility as well as on the successful program in 1971 to cover responsibility of other motorists and aeyadTcnlg Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology vehicle technology. One of the weekly conducted crash tests at the AZT. points out the necessity of individual accident and damage-prevention.
84 85 E_SD_Booklet2010_A5_en_online_100211_2 16.02.2010 22:43 Uhr Seite 86 Introduction Formula OneTM reference tool Did you know… Frontal crash at 15 meters … that Formula One tires easily endure Facts and Figures temperatures of 130° Celsius? Above per second that the tire treads start to blister. … that by now there are 3 dynamic
tests as well as 12 endurance tests The season2010 during crash tests in Formula One 250-ton load which originally were introduced in … that the cockpit walls, which were Since 1950, Formula One has grabbed people’s attention 1985? The chassis are driven against a heightened by 5 cm in 2008, must around the world from its amazing technological wall head on at 15 m per second, withstand impacts of 250 tons? sideways at 10 m per second and developments to speed and performance. These backwards at 11 m per second. The … that the first Formula One car with developments show that the cars not only get faster, limits for maximum deceleration, a monocoque was the Lotus 25 in
energy absorption and deformation 1962? The cockpit cell consisted of Formula One drivers younger and competition stronger but also are precisely defined. However, the aluminum though. A big step for that the role of safety in Formula One is a driving force safety cell must always remain intact. safety was when carbon fiber was in introduced in the McLaren MP4/1 in TM
all of its own. … that the safety cells’ flanks are 1981. from A-Z In the early days of Formula One dangerous crashes occurred fairly regularly protected by a 6-millimeter layer during race weekend. Nowadays, the FIA, the race teams, manufacturers and of carbon and zylon. Zylon is also … that the drivers have been given suppliers as well as the circuit management make every effort to ensure high used for bullet-proof vests and is the additional protection of the HANS safety standards besides improving the quality of the races. Extensive intended to prevent objects such as system since 2003? HANS stands for Formula One On themove– regulations, dedicated personnel and ground breaking technology ensure splinters from entering the cockpit. “Head and Neck Support”. The helmet that the risks of Formula One are well managed and the fans can enjoy their Padding absorbs impact energy on is fastened with 2 elastic straps sport and concentrate on what's really important – the race! the inside since 2002. to a frame that the drivers wear over TM
their shoulders. In the event of an since 1950 … that Formula One tires are filled accident, the HANS helps to avoid Did you know… with nitrogen instead of air? As a overstretching of the spinal vertebrae. result, the pressure is kept constant 11 seconds even under extreme loads, which with BerndMayländer On track … that drivers in an overall made of improves various factors including Nomex® brand fiber can survive for … that during his high-speed crash safety because even the slightest 11 seconds in temperatures of 840° at the Canadian Grand Prix in 2007 changes in the tire pressure by just Celsius? In comparison, the maximum Robert Kubica was subjected to more 0.05bar influence the car’s handling. temperature in a sauna is 100°, in an than 28 times the acceleration of apartment fire it would be up to 800° gravity? This means that his body and the lava in a volcanic eruption weighed 2 tons instead of 73 kg. 28 tons of material reaches between 750 and 1,000°. Millions of spectators expected the … that 28 tons of material are worst but thanks to the strict safety transported to every Grand Prix by Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology precautions in Formula One Kubica AT&T Williams? As well as engines, only suffered minor bruises. spare parts, tools and pit equipment, this also includes at least 3 chassis. 100 radios All in all, the team packs around 10,000 spare parts, including about The HANS system. … that 100 radios with headsets are 1,500 paper serviettes with the team used by AT&T Williams at each race logo. track for ideal communication? The team luggage also includes 16 large Ideal communication: 100 radios are part of the basics. computers and 26 notebooks.
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… that for reasons of safety, Formula … that technicians from the FIA make … that the FIA prescribes fireproof One tires are subjected to quality every effort at every Grand Prix to clothing in Formula One since 1975? checks in the factory involving a total of check that all the cars comply with It used to consist of 5 layers of a fire- about 130 check items? If a tire displays the safety regulations? The checks resistant material, as also used by
even the slightest discrepancies, the start with the Technical Approval NASA for space suits. Nowadays, the The season2010 entire series is immediately sent to the each Thursday before the race and overalls that are tailor-made to fit the incinerator. final checks take place on the drivers perfectly are made of 2 to 4 starting grid. layers of material made of Nomex® fiber. 55-meter braking distance … that 55 m is the braking distance a
Formula One car travels when Formula One performing a full stop from a speed of Teamwork: approx. 70 people are on race duty for AT&T Williams. 200 kmph? The process takes 1.9 seconds and creates deceleration TM
forces of up to 5 g. A driver weighing … that in order to improve safety, the from A-Z 75 kg would thus be pushed against regulations that apply to the pit lane the seatbelts with a weight of 375 kg. are just as stringent as the ones for As a comparison, when performing a the track? Anyone who exceeds the full stop from 200 kmph, stipulated speed limit (60 kmph during Formula One On themove– a compact-class passenger car takes all free practice sessions, 100 kmph 4.1 seconds and covers 118 m before during qualifying and race) is The overalls are made of 2 to 4 layers of material made coming to a standstill. penalized. During practice and of Nomex® fiber. TM
qualifying, drivers are fined and in since 1950 …that, after the ban on traction con- The Safety Car at the Italian Gran Prix in Monza 2009. the race receive time-consuming 30 square meters of trol, the acceleration of a Formula drive-through penalties. One car amounts to about 2.75 carbon fiber seconds from 0 to 100 kmph and … that a special high-speed barrier … that for a monocoque, about 30 with BerndMayländer On track about 5 seconds from 0 to 200 kmph? has been developed to improve the square meters of carbon-fiber mats 2 kilograms safety at particularly fast tracks and are processed, in which the individual … that for fighting fires, especially in … that 2 kg is the average weight a in corners with limited run-off zones? fibers are 5 times thinner than a the vicinity of the pit lane, at least 5 Formula One driver loses in every The new impact protection comple- human hair? fire engines manned by 4 firemen Grand Prix? His body burns about 600 ments the conventional tire stacks each are on stand-by around the c kilocalories. During a race, each and is able to absorb the energy of a ircuit? driver’s heart rate peaks at 190 beats collision at 200 kmph. per minute. aeyadTcnlg Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology
… that the first Safety Car in Formula One was used in 1973 at the Canadian Grand Prix?
Driver’s life insurance: the monocoque is the heart of every Formula One car.
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… that it has been compulsory since … that the FIA has founded its own 60 million U.S. dollars … that approximately 15 hospitals 1997 for every Formula One car to be Institute for Safety in Motor Sport? … that the FIA formed the Motor Sport are placed on alert during a race fitted with an accident recorder? The That was one of the many measures Safety Development Fund in 2008, weekend? As a special service, device resembles the black box in an for greater safety in Formula One which is equipped with 60 million US sometimes a dentist is also available.
aircraft and records all the speed and initiated by former FIA President Max dollars – the penalty sum McLaren- The season2010 deceleration data, which provide the Mosley as a consequence of the Mercedes had to pay after the basis for further safety improvements. catastrophic spring of 1994. The “intelligence affair” in 2007. 7-time 25 centimeters of depth president of the institute is Professor world champion Michael Schumacher … that the gravel traps in a run-off … that already in 1980 each Grand Sid Watkins, who has been the is the president of the “Motor Sport zone are about 25 cm deep and filled Prix circuit had to have its own Formula One Medical Director for Safety Development Fund.” The with spherical gravel stones of medical center? many years. supervisory board consists of FIA between 5 and 16 mm diameter? The president Jean Todt and head of stones are designed to generate as
… that the Medical Center at a ... that in addition to the usual track Mercedes motorsport Norbert Haug, much frictional resistance as Formula One Formula One race track is nothing marshals, medics and doctors several among others. The fund focuses on possible – like sand scattered on an short of a modern hospital? Equipped divers are present at the Monaco the improvement of motorsport safety icy pavement – and so reduce the with all the necessary medical Grand Prix, who can rescue a driver in emerging countries and training for speed of a skidding car quickly and TM
devices and manned at all hours by in case he crashes into the harbor young drivers. effectively. from A-Z 1 of 3 shifts, each including an basin? orthopedic surgeon, an anesthesiologist … that if a car gets stuck in a gravel and 6 paramedics, the Medical Center pit, marshals are allowed to push the 950 degrees Celsius ensures first aid and trauma care for car back on to the track provided that … that the exhaust pipe can reach a
15 functions Formula One On themove– injured drivers. … that 15 functions can be monitored it is still in running condition, in maximum temperature of 950 by the drivers on the display of their order to clear the danger area as fast degrees Celsius during a race? The steering wheel? These functions as possible? Thanks to this regulation carbon brake discs heat up during TM
include basic information such as gear Michael Schumacher was able to braking to over 1,000 degrees. since 1950 change, speed, fuel level and various secure the World Champion’s title in Formula One tires may heat up to temperatures. The paddles are located 2003. He got stuck in a gravel pit 130 degrees, but above that heat behind the steering wheel. The during the race at the Nürburgring the risk of blistering increases. The steering wheel also features the and was pushed back on to the track temperature inside the cockpit is at with BerndMayländer On track buttons for the pit radio, the water by marshals. This enabled him to an average of 50 degrees Celsius. bottle and the program selection for finish fifth and gather 4 points. He the engine management system and finally won the World Championship the differential settings. 2 points ahead of Kimi Räikkönen.
500 meters of data cable … that 500 m of data cable and 300 m of power cable are laid in the pit area Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology 15 functions can be monitored by the drivers on the display of their steering wheel. for the AT&T Williams team at every race? 3,300 liters of water … that 3,300 liters of mineral water and soft drinks are consumed by the AT&T Williams team and its guests during a hot-weather race? During such a race, a driver loses up to 2 liters of fluid in the form of sweat. 500 m of data cable.
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… that safety belts have only been 16,000 kilometers of fiber compulsory in Formula One since … that 16,000 km is the total length 1972? It must be possible to release of all the threads of “T 800” high- all the individual belts for the performance fiber processed in a
shoulders, pelvis and legs with a single Formula One helmet? Every The season2010 single hand movement, because the one of the roughly 12,000 threads is regulations specify that a driver must 15 times thinner than a human hair. be capable of getting out of the car within 5 seconds. ... that on all FIA approved race tracks a track marshal and a fire extinguisher must be posted along both sides of 1,200 liters of fuel Fast and inner lane: the pit lane is divided for safety reasons (GP Japan 2009). the track every 300 m?
… that 1,200 liters of fuel are used by Formula One a team, on average, over the course of ... that the pit lane is divided into 2 a Grand Prix weekend? This is used in driving lanes for safety reasons? The 10,000-fold gravity addition to roughly 70 liters of engine lane along the pit wall is the “fast TM
oil and up to 30 liters of transmission lane”, and the other in front of the acceleration from A-Z oil. A 750 bhp race car uses up 70 garages is the “inner lane”. It is only … the maximum piston acceleration liters of fuel over 100 km – 0.078 liters permitted to work on the cars – for is nearly 10,000 times that of gravity for every 1 bhp. An interesting instance, during a pit stop – here, in acceleration? The top piston speed is comparison: a standard production, a previously specified area. 40 m per second – from zero to 100 kmph Formula One On themove– compact class vehicle consumes in 0.3 thousandths of a second, with a about 7 liters per 100 km – 0.093 … that 2 ambulances and a helicopter force of almost 3 tons acting on the liters per bhp. manned by a doctor, 2 paramedics 1,500 light projectors illuminated the circuit during the night con rod. The average piston speed is TM
and a pilot stand by throughout the race in Singapore (GP Singapore 2009). about 26 m per second. since 1950 … that all Formula One cars are race. A second helicopter is kept equipped with a fire extinguishing ready outside the circuit and 4 … that the monocoque, the safety cell system which can fight fire in the additional ambulances are posted 1,500 light projectors for the driver, consists of up to 12 cockpit as wells as in the engine area? along the race track. ... that 1,500 light projectors illuminated layers of carbon and weighs less than with BerndMayländer On track The system must be activatable from the circuit during the night race in 60 kg? inside and outside the cockpit and Singapore? The floodlights are still fully operational when the car is 8,000,000 firings mounted so that neither the spectators upside-down. Furthermore it must be … that 8 million ignitions occur in a nor the drivers were blinded. ensured that 95 percent of the Formula One engine over an average However, the luminance of 3,000 Lux extinguishing liquid is disseminated race distance of 300 km per Grand is four times lighter than regular under constant pressure during the Prix? stadium floodlights. period of at least 10 and a maximum of 30 seconds. … that the flag code, which was Facts andFigures Safety andTechnology introduced in 1963, is transmitted … that the safety of the spectators at via digital displays to the benefit Formula One races is provided by of better visibility during the night approximately 150 security officials, race in Singapore ? in addition to approximately 130 medics and doctors?
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Did you know…
120 working hours … that Formula One suffered no … that 120 working hours are required fatality since Imola 1994? That is to assemble a Formula One engine? proof that the risks of Formula One An engine consists of a total of about are well handled and a considerable 5,000 individual parts. progress in terms of safety has been achieved.
35,000 design hours 3,100 shifting events … that the time it takes for a Formula … that 3,100 gear shifts are One car to be designed is 35,000 hours? performed on average at the Monaco For a race car by At&T Williams up to Grand Prix? The other Grand Prix 4,500 drawings are created. AT&T races require about 2,600 gear shifts. Williams produces around 200,000 individual parts a year. … that in the nineteen-sixties and -seventies every 10th motorsport … that theoretically, a Formula One accident was fatal? Although the car could drive along the ceiling at a number of accidents per race has speed of about 180 kmph as the increased since then, mainly caused downforce created by the car then by higher speed, the quantity of equals its weight? serious injuries has drastically decreased due to continuously … that helmets have been improving safety precautions. compulsory in Formula One since 1953? Modern helmets consist of 3 main substances: carbon fiber for rigidity, fire-resistant aramide and More than 1,100 race laps polyethylene, which is designed to … that more than 1,100 race laps make the helmet shell impenetrable. covering a total of over 5,500 km are A modern Formula One helmet on the agenda for the Formula One weighs only about 1,250 g. 1,800 g drivers during the 2010 season? are permitted. The 19 races are spread across 18 countries and 4 continents.
… that during a shifting event the previously engaged gear is disen- gaged within 0.004 seconds while the new gear has already been engaged? The blink of an eye takes 50 times as long. The Allianz Safety Dictionary is provided by Allianz SE. We endeavor to ensure that all content provided by the Allianz Safety Dictionary is up-to-date. However, we do not warrant that this information is up-to-date, accurate or complete. We do not warrant the adequacy, accuracy, reliability or completeness of the Allianz Flyweight: Formula One helmets weigh only about 1,250 g. Safety Dictionary and expressly disclaim any liability for errors or omissions therein. Status February 2010. © Allianz SE, 2010. All rights reserved.
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