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Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus: Challenges for Its Implementation in Nigeria”

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Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus: Challenges for Its Implementation in Nigeria” MASTERARBEIT / MASTER’S THESIS Titel der Masterarbeit / Title of the Master‘s Thesis “Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus: Challenges for its Implementation in Nigeria” verfasst von / submitted by Ambrose Abejide Olowo, LL.M. angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (MA) Wien, 2018 / Vienna 2018 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 066 795 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt / Masterstudium Theologische Spezialisierung degree programme as it appears on Advanced Theological Studies the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Univ.-Prof. DR. DR. Ludger Müller, M. A. i DEDICATION TO BENEDICT XVI, POPE EMERITUS, THE CATHOLIC DIOCESE OF LOKOJA AND THE CATHOLIC ARCHDIOCESE OF VIENNA ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … i Table of Contents… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ..ii Acknowledgments... … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … .vi INTRODUCTION… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … .1 I. Background of Study… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 1 II. Hypothesis and Research Questions… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … .3 III. Methodology… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 4 IV. Aim and Significance of Study… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ..5 V. Limitations of Study… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 6 CHAPTER ONE: AN OVERVIEW OF THE NIGERIAN STATE AND THE CHURCH IN NIGERIA… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … .7 I. Introduction… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 7 II. History and Geography… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … .8 III. Politics and Culture… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 9 IV. Economy… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ...10 V. Catholic Church in Nigeria… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ...11 VI. Marriage and the Tribunal in Nigeria… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … .12 VII. Conclusion… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 15 CHAPTER TWO: NULLITY OF MARRIAGE BEFORE THE REFORM… … … …16 I. Introduction… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ...16 II. The Competent Fora and Tribunals Before the Reform… … … … … … … … … … …16 a. The Court of First Instance: Diocesan Tribunal… … … … … … … … … … … 17 b. The Court of First Instance: Inter-Diocesan Tribunal… … … … … … … … … .18 c. The Court of Second Instance: Metropolitan Tribunal… … … … … … … … … 19 d. The Court of Third Instance: Roman Rota… … … … … … … … … … … … ...20 III. The Composition of the Tribunal and Tribunal Personnel… … … … … … … … … …22 iii a. The Diocesan Bishop… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … .22 b. The Judicial Vicar or Officialis and Associated Judicial Vicars… … … … … … 23 c. Diocesan Judges and Other Judges… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … .24 d. Auditors… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … ...25 e. Assessor… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … .. 26 f. Relator… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … .26 g. Advocates and Procurators… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … … ...26 h. The Promoter of Justice… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … … … ...28 i. The Defender of the Bond… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … … … 28 j. Notary… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … .29 IV. The Process of Nullity… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …30 a. Formal Judicial Process… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ..30 i. The Petition Introducing the Suit… … … … … … … … … … … … … .31 ii. The Summons and the Joinder of the Issue… … … … … … … … … ... .32 iii. The Gathering of Proofs… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … .. 33 iv. The Publication of the Acts and Conclusion of the Case… … … … … .. 34 v. The Sentence or the Pronouncement of the Judge… … … … … … … .. 35 vi. The Appeal… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … .. 36 b. Summary Judicial Process… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … .. 37 c. Administrative process with Judicial Formalities… … … … … … … … … … . 38 d. Administrative Process… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … .. 39 V. Conclusion… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … .. 40 CHAPTER THREE: THE MITIS IUDEX DOMINUS IESUS REFORM… … … … .. 41 I. Introduction… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ...41 II. Principles Guiding the Reform… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ..42 a, Bishop as Judge… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … … … … … … 42 b. Synodality… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … … … … … … … …43 c. Proximity… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 43 iv d. Celerity… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … .. 44 e. Indissolubility… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … … … … … … .. 45 f. Financial Accessibility… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … … … … 46 g. Salus Animarum… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … … … … … .. 47 III. Essential Changes Introduced by the Reform… … … … … … … … … … … … … .. 48 a. The Competent Fora and Courts after the Reform… … … … … … … … … … .48 b. The Briefer Process and the Diocesan Bishop as Judge of the First Instance… …51 c. Elimination of the Automatic Appeal… … … … … … … …… … … … … … . 56 d. Appointment of Eligible Laypersons as Judges… … … … … … … … … … … 57 e. Tribunal Expenses… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … … … … … 58 f. Other Reforms… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … …… … … … … …59 i. Declaration of Parties… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … … 59 ii. Role of Assessors… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … … … 59 iii. Developing a Procedural Handbook… … … … … … … …… … … … 59 IV. Critique of the Document… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …59 a. Mode of Promulgation… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … … … … 59 b. Grounds for Nullity and the Briefer Process… … … … … … … …… … … … .61 c. Elimination of Automatic Appeal… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … ...62 d. The Active Involvement of the Bishop… … … … … … … …… … … … … …63 e. Cooperation and Consent of Both Spouses as a Pre-Condition… … … … … … .64 f. Laypersons as Judges… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … … … … ..65 g. Dignitas Connubii… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … … … … … .66 h. Preparation of the Document… … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … … 68 V. Conclusion… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ...69 CHAPTER FOUR: PECULIAR CHALLENGES IN NIGERIA… … … … … … … ...70 I. Introduction… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ...70 II. Questionnaire and Attempted Implementation of the Reform… … … … … … … … …70 III. Challenges to the Implementation of Mitis Iudex in Nigeria… … … … … … … … … 74 v a. The State of Marriage Tribunal in Nigeria… … … … … … … … … … … … .. 74 i. The Functionality of the Tribunals… … … … … … … … … … … … …74 ii. Funding, Staffing and Equipping the Tribunals… …. … … … … … … ..76 iii. Perception of Catholics on Tribunal Matters and Proceedings… … … …81 iv. Administrative Cost… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …85 b. Perception on the Reform Introduced by Mitis Iudex… … … … … … … … … .87 c. Probable Peculiar Challenges to its Implementation… … … … … … … … … ...89 i. Gratis Administrative Service… … … … … … … … … … … … … … .89 ii. Proper Funding… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ...90 iii. Removal of Automatic Appeal… … … … … … … … … … … … … ..92 iv. Possibility of Laxity in Granting or Lack of Willingness to grant Nullity.93 v. Arbitrariness or Favouritism… … … … … … … … … … … … … … ..94 vi. Feasibility of Estranged Couples Cooperating in the Briefer Process… ...96 vii. Busy Schedule of the Local Ordinary… … … … … … … … … … … .97 viii. Paucity and dearth of Canon Lawyers or Experts… … … … … … … ..99 ix. Inter-Diocesan Cooperation… … … … … … … … … … … … … … 100 d. Way Forward and the Role of the Canon Law Society of Nigeria (CLSN)… … .102 IV. Conclusion… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …104 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS … … … … … … … … … … … … ..105 BIBLIOGRAPHY… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ..113 APPENDIX 1: TABLE OF COMPARISON… … … … … … … … … … … … … …124 APPENDIX 2: QUESTIONNAIRE SAMPLE… … … … … … … … … … … … … 130 APPENDIX 3: RETURNED QUESTIONNAIRES… … … … … … … … … … … ...133 APPENDIX 4: SUMMARY OF QUESTIONNAIRE RESPONSES… … … … … … ...190 ABSTRACT… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ... ...206 ABSTRAKT (GERMAN VERSION) … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 207 CV… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ... ... ... ... ... ...208 vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The journey leading to this accomplishment has been a long tortuous one. From its conception to its actualisation, so many challenges were encountered along the way. Praise and thanks to the Almighty God for His sustenance and strength during the moments of discouragement while this academic sojourn lasted. Be thou exalted Lord for your providence and love upon me. I acknowledge the support of my Local Ordinary, Bishop Martin Olorunmolu for granting me the permission to travel to Austria for this study. I also appreciate the Archdiocese of Vienna through Christoph Cardinal Schönborn for providing the opportunity for this scholarship (which I prefer to call a partnership), which enabled me to further my study in Vienna and at the same time dispensed some level of pastoral duties in the archdiocese. The relevant department of the archdiocese responsible for the student priests from Africa and Asia, the Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Gemeinden aus Afrika und Asien (ARGE AAG) made my stay in the archdiocese pleasant. Therefore, to the team, especially Alexander, Johanna and Helga, I remain grateful. Wonderful knowing you! I owe Univ.-Prof. DDR. Ludger Müller endless gratitude for his painstaking efforts to supervise this work in spite of his illness during the last phase of this research. Through rigorous guidance, we came to
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