REPORT ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AVAILABLE STUDIES ON ELDERS IN NUNAVIK SUBMITTED TO MR ADEL YASSA DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT‐KATIVIK REGIONAL GOVERNMENT AND MANAGER OF THE KATIVIK LOCAL DEVELOPMENT CENTRE P.O.BOX / C.P.9 KUUJJUAQ, QUÉBEC J0M 1C0 Phone : 819.964.2961 ext. 2262 Email : [email protected] BY ÉMANUÈLE LAPIERRE‐FORTIN, MSc. PROJECT DIRECTOR: CHAKDA YORN PH.D (BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION) EXPERT IN RESEARCH AND ORGANISATIONAL/REGIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES Email : [email protected] Cell. : 819.690.2222 April 30th, 2012 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AVAILABLE STUDIES ON ELDERS IN NUNAVIK RESEARCH REPORT PRESENTED TO THE KATIVIK REGIONAL GOVERNMENT Table of Contents 1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................... 3 2 SCOPING ....................................................................................................................................... 3 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................... 4 4 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................... 6 4.1 General .................................................................................................................................. 6 4.2 Health .................................................................................................................................. 25 4.3 Education ............................................................................................................................. 48 4.4 Environment ........................................................................................................................ 53 4.5 Culture, language and traditional knowledge ..................................................................... 76 4.6 Socio‐economic and political issues .................................................................................. 102 4.7 Avataq fonds ...................................................................................................................... 110 4.8 Potential sources ............................................................................................................... 114 4.9 Media sources ................................................................................................................... 117 5 APPENDICES .............................................................................................................................. 127 5.1 List of organisations contacted .......................................................................................... 127 5.2 List of databases searched ................................................................................................. 128 5.3 List of websites consulted ................................................................................................. 130 5.4 List of keywords used ........................................................................................................ 131 2 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AVAILABLE STUDIES ON ELDERS IN NUNAVIK RESEARCH REPORT PRESENTED TO THE KATIVIK REGIONAL GOVERNMENT 1 BACKGROUND This reference document lists all available research studies on and consultations done with Nunavik elders over the past two decades (1992‐2012). Studies and consultations are referenced using the American Psychological Association (APA) style, one of the most well know bibliographical format in the world. Sources are categorised across themes which are of interest to the Kativik Regional Government (KRG), such as health, environment, culture and socio‐economic issues. This knowledge can build on what Nunavik already possesses through Nunivaat. 2 SCOPING Our understanding of studies and consultations refers to organized processes of data collection with several elders. As a result, it excludes the following types of sources, which may nevertheless be relevant and interesting to the KRG: biographies or autobiographies of Inuit elders, books written by an Inuit elder, or ad‐hoc interviews with individual elders. If this document only included studies and consultations with an exclusive focus on elders, it would be very limited. The lack of studies with the word "elders" in their titles may partly be explained by the small size of the population, which deters certain types of quantitative studies. To ensure relevant sources were not put aside without due considerations, the scope of the document includes publications which are highly linked to elders, including but not limited to reports and articles on traditional knowledge, culture, language, etc. There certainly is a large amount of research conducted in Nunavik which can touch elders in one form or another. One has to walk a fine line in choosing which sources to include in order to maintain the relevance and specificity of the bibliography while not making it so large that it loses its purpose. To avoid that last caveat, certain types of sources were not considered, but are nevertheless acknowledged here. Examples of exclusion are web sites exist which present statistical tables in an interesting way, which can be used to isolate elders’ conditions but which do not offer any treatment of the data. These websites include the following: http://www.centreforthenorth.ca/tool, http://www.arcticstat.org/Statistics.aspx/Region/%5BCanada%5DNunavik/Indicator/%5BPopulatio n%5DAge/ , and http://www.inuitknowledge.ca/graph?dsid%5B%5D=217. In addition, certain public health institutions regularly conduct population studies to monitor quantitative parameters with respect to the population’s health. Because the focus is not on elders, they are not included here, but they may provide insight into elders’ realities. Otherwise, when in doubt, sources are included in the "potential" category. As a matter of fact, the "potential" category gathers sources which may be of interest but for which it is impossible to assess whether inclusion criteria are fully met in the current mandate. Examples are environmental evaluations which consulted Nunavik Inuit, with no specification of 3 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AVAILABLE STUDIES ON ELDERS IN NUNAVIK RESEARCH REPORT PRESENTED TO THE KATIVIK REGIONAL GOVERNMENT whether elders attended, studies of interest conducted with Canadian Inuit, with no specification of the location of the study, etc. With respect to the latter, care has been given to include only sources about Nunavik (consequently, publications on elders by the Canadian Arctic College were excluded), but it is possible that some studies in this document do focus on other Canadian Inuit. When in doubt, sources were included. Furthermore, media references are presented separately at the end, because while they are not scientific, they do provide insight into elders’ issues. Finally, the scope of this document covers the last twenty years, that is, from 1992‐2012. This time limit was abided by in searching databases and was conveyed to all interviewees. However, in some exceptional cases, the decision was made to include material originating prior to 1992. These exceptions are documents produced by organisations identified by the KRG as key stakeholders in elders’ issues, with the main example being the Avataq Cultural Institute (ACI) archival fonds, which are made out of interviews with several elders over the past few decades. These are included in a separate category called “Avataq Fonds”. Should KRG be interested in these materials, the respondent is invited to communicate with Ms Sylvie Côté‐Chew. Additionally, the ACI has held the Elders’ Regional Conference every year between 1981 and 1988, and biyearly after that (with one three year gap). The proceedings for conferences held after 1992 which are published and available are included in this bibliography, but others may be available with an appointment at the ACI Westmount office. 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Niska used the following methods to fulfill this research’s objectives: 1. Telephone interviews with scholars and institutions focused on Inuit research to scope the research field and get insight from specialists on available studies. 2. Keyword search in academic journals and databases, as well as non‐scientific online sources, to uncover all research studies and consultations published over the past two decades. Over 70 people from over 50 organisations were contacted by phone and email throughout the study. Niska used due diligence in the process, and at least three attempts were made to get in touch with a given person or organisation. Information available publically on organisations’ websites was always gathered first, to ensure nothing was left missing. The unavoidable issue of institutional memory came up a few times in interviews with governmental officials, yet contact persons did all that was possible to share accurate and complete information. Information on studies and consultations conducted by private consultants was gathered by asking contact persons at relevant organisations and ministries if they had mandated firms or individuals to conduct studies or consultations. 4 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AVAILABLE STUDIES ON ELDERS IN NUNAVIK RESEARCH REPORT PRESENTED TO THE KATIVIK REGIONAL GOVERNMENT Furthermore, a half‐day meeting with the Research, Library and Archives as well as the Archaeology departments of the ACI was held, during which funds and catalogue