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Xerox University Microfilms INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 76-8341 WILLIAMSON, Shelly Jean, 1941- A COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY OF HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION IN OKLAHOMA. The University of Oklahoma, Ph.D., 1975 Environmental Sciences Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA. GRADUATE COLLEGE A COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY OF HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION IN OKLAHOMA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By SHELLY JEAN WILLIAMSON Norman, Oklahoma 1975 A COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY OF HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION IN OKLAHOMA APPROVED BY IZ- DISSERTATION COMMITTEE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer wishes to express her sincere appreciation to Dr. Larry W. Canter for his continued encouragement and valuable guidance throughout this study and graduate degree program. The excellence and high professional standards exemplified by him as a teacher, adminis­ trator, and advisor w ill have a favorable and lasting influence upon my professional career. It is with a deep sense of gratitude that I acknowledge the opportunity I had to study and work under his guidance. My gratitude to Drs. Robert Y. Nelson, James M. Robertson, Thomas Wilbanks and Professor George W. Reid for their valuable sugges­ tions, criticism , and encouragement. Appreciation is extended to Mr. Loyd F. Pummill, Deputy Commis­ sioner for Environmental Health Services, and Mr. Charles D. Newton, Chief of the Water Quality Service of the State Department of Health, for granting the authority and permission for the study to be conducted with the assistance of state and county health department personnel. To Mr. Leroy K. R achels, D irector of the Solid Waste Management D ivi­ sion, my gratitude is extended for his cooperation and assistance in providing essential information and valuable suggestions. A special word of thanks is extended to the district and county sanitarians who assisted in this study by conducting the survey. iii The writer also wishes to thank Dr. Ernest L. Koener, Presi­ dent, and Janice Crouch of TECHRAD for their cooperation and exchange of information in conducting the survey within Oklahoma City. A spe­ cial thanks to Mr. Charles Kimberling, Manager of Engineering, Tulsa Water and Sew?r Department, for his cooperation in providing valuable information obtained from the survey conducted in Tulsa. To my parents, I am indebted and deeply appreciative of their understanding, assistance, and moral support throughout my education experiences. A special acknowledgment is expressed with deep appreciation for the special help and support given me from my friend. Dr. Nancy L. H icks. To Mrs. Dorothy Welden and Ms. Cheryl Bohnenstiehl, a speciaL thanks for their perserverance, valuable suggestions, and patience in typing this manuscript. iv table of contents Page LIST OF TABLES........................................................................ v i i i LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS................................................... Chapter I . INTRODUCTION........................................................... 1 E xisting Hazardous Waste Management in Oklahoma............................................ 6 Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites .... 7 S tate Government Agency Regulatory Responsibilities .......................................... 8 Industry in Oklahoma............................... 10 Purpose of the Study ............................... 11 Objectives of the S tudy .......................... 12 Scope of the Study .................................... 16 Assumptions................................................ 18 Lim itations ................................................ 19 Definitions ................................................ 19 I I . REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.......................... 21 Definitions of Hazardous Wastes .... 22 Classification and Selection Criteria of Hazardous W astes......................... 27 The Pure Compound A pproach .............. 30 Hazardous Waste Decision Model .... 31 Other Selection C riteria ................... 32 Quantification of Hazardous Wastes . 36 S u r v e y s........................................................ 41 National Surveys................................... 41 State Surveys....................................... 43 Other Surveys ....................................... 48 Legislation ................................................ 49 Federal Legislation .................................. 50 State Legislation ............................... 61 Treatment and Disposal .................................. 65 Management Guidelines .................................. 73 Management ................................................ 73 G u id e lin e s................................................ 77 Page Summary.......................................................... 80 I I I . METHODS AND PROCEDURES............................ 81 Selection of Industries .............................. 81 List of Hazardous Substances................ 86 Phase I - Industry Characterization . 87 Data Sources............................................. 87 Date Recording Form ...................... 89 Phase II - Waste Characterization . 90 Selected Industries .................................. 92 Data Sources............................................. 96 Industrial Waste Survey .......................... 98 General Categories of Hazardous Waste 107 Waste Generation Factors.......................109 Waste Quantification...............................129 Phase III - Treatment and Disposal/ S to r a g e ........................................................ 131 Data Sources................................................131 Phase IV - Management G uidelines. 135 Data Sources................................................135 State Survey.......................................... 136 Systems Approach ....................................... 136 IV. ANALYSIS OF DATA................................................138 Phase I - Characterization of Industries 138 Scoring of D ata ....................................... 139 Reliability of the D ata .......................141 Analysis of the Data ...............................143 Summary........................................................155 Phase II - Waste Characterization . 159 Potentially Hazardous Waste - Sewered Portion ........................................... 159 Non-Sewered Hazardous Waste ................. 166 Summary.................... 179 Phase III - Treatment and Disposal Technologies ................................................180 Phase IV - Management G uidelines. 184 Conclusions . ................................................186 Recommendations for Further Study . 187 vi Page V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.................................. 189 BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................ 191 Appendix A. Proposed Bill "Materials and Energy Recovery Act of 1975" ............... 201 B. SIC Numbers fo r S elected In d u strie s in O k lah o m a........................................ 226 C. Industries Under Study Assessment of Industrial Hazardous Waste Products . 233 D. Industry Data Form I .............. 236 E. Alphabetical List of Selected Industries in the Study ........... 238 F. Combined L ist of Hazardous Substances . 274 G. Survey Forms fo r th e County Health Departments .................................... 286 H. City of Tulsa - In d u s tria l Survey Forms 294 I . City of Oklahoma C ity - In d u s tria l Survey Form s................................ 303
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