Eremophila and Allied Genera A Monograph of the family

RJ. Chinnock State Herbarium ofSouth

ROSENBERG Contents

List of tables 7 Indumentum 37 Abstract 8 5.6 Gynoecium and nectary 37 Foreword 9 5.7 Fruit 38 Acknowledgments 11 6. Palynology 42 7. Cytology and Cytogeography 46 1. Introduction 13 8. Reproductive Biology 48 2. History of the Myoporaceae 15 8.1 Introduction 48 3. and Morphology Anatomy 18 8.2 Pollination systems 48 3.1 Growth forms 18 8.3Dioecy 48 3.2 Vegetative reproduction 18 8.4 Pollinators 48 3.3 Stem and branch systems 19 8.5 Entomophilous genera 49 3.4 Stem anatomy 20 49 3.5 Wood features 21 Diotirea 50 3.6 21 50 base and leaf scar 21 Glycocystis 51 Leaf arrangement 22 Calamphoreus 51 Leaf attachment and orientation 22 8.6 Ornithophilous genera 51 Leaf shape and size 23 8.7 Pollen-ovule ratios 52 Leaf anatomy 24 8.8 Hybridism 54 4. Trichomes 25 8.9 Seed productivity 56 4.1 Simple uniseriate hairs 25 8.10 Seed germination 57 Eglandular hairs 26 8.11 Seedlings 58 Glandular hairs 26 9. Distribution and Ecology 59 4.2 Specialised uniseriate hairs 29 9.1 Bontia 59 Succulent hairs 29 9.2 Pentacoelium 59 Arachnoid hairs 29 9.3 Myoporum 60 Linguiform hairs 29 9.4 Diotirea, Glycocystis and Calamphoreus 65 4.3 Branched trichomes 29 9.5 Eremophila 66 Forked or few-branched hairs 29 Factors affecting distribution of Eremophila. Eglandular dendritic hairs 29 10. Phytochemistry and Toxicity 73 Glandular branched and dendritic hairs 30 11. Traditional and Economic Uses 75 Stellate hairs and scales 30 12. Horticultural Uses 77 4.4 Resin secretion and composition 31 13. Phylogeny and Relationships 5. Floral and Fruit Morphology 32 of the Myoporaceae 80 5.1 Inflorescence 32 13.1 Family considerations 80 5.2 Pedicel 33 13.2 Generic relationships 84 5.3 Calyx 33 13.3 Infrageneric relationships 85 5.4 Corolla 35 Myoporum 85 Indumentum 35 Eremophila 86 Colour 35 13.4 Postulated origin and palaeohiscory 88 Spotting 35 13.5 Distribution disjunctions in Eremophihi 5.5 35 13.6 Dispersal mechanisms in relation to Staminal arrangement 36 distribution 92 Anther types 37 14. Taxonomic Treatment of the Family VII. Eremophila sect. Arenariae (6 spp.) 298 Myoporaceae R. Br. 93 VIII. Eremophila sect. Eremaeae (49 spp.) 311 404 Keys to genera 93 IX. Eremophila sect. Carnosae (1 sp.) 1. Myoporum 95 X. Eremophila sect. Platycalyx (1 sp.) 406 Key to sections 96 XI. Eremophila sect. Eremophila (11 spp.) 409 Geographical keys to Myoporum 96 XII. Eremophila sect. Platychilus (2 spp.) 433 I Myoporum sect. Myoporum (22 spp.) 98 XIII. Eremophila sect. Pholidia (7 spp.) 438 II Myoporum sect. Polycoelium (3 spp.) 141 XIV Eremophila sect. &7z£y (2 spp.) 454 III Myoporum sect. Disoon (4 spp.) 149 XV. Eremophila sect. Decussatae (5 spp.) 459 IV Myoporum sect. Virgatum (1 sp.) 156 XVI. Eremophila sect. Hygrophanae (6 spp.) 467 2. Glycocystis (1 sp.) 159 XVII. Eremophila sect. Contortae (2 spp.) 478 3. Bontia (1 sp.) 162 XVIII. Eremophila sect. Eriocalyx (29 spp.) 484 4. Pentacoelium (1 sp.) 165 IXX. Eremophila sect. Campanulatae (2 spp.) 544 5. Calamphoreus (1 sp.) 169 XX. Eremophila sect. Subscissocarpae (1 sp.) 548 6. (4 spp.) 171 XXI. Eremophila sect. Amphichilus (4 spp.) 550 7. Eremophila 180 XXII. Eremophila sect. Stenochilus (13 spp.) 562 Key to sections 184 XXIII. Eremophila sect. Virides (4 spp.) 607 I. Eremophila sect. Platycarpus (2 spp.) 187 XXIV Eremophila sect. Scariosepalae (2 spp.) 616 II. Eremophila sect. Pholidiopsis (4 spp.) 191 XXV Eremophila sect. Pulchrisepalae (12 spp.) 621 III. Eremophila sect. Crustaceae (13 spp.) 199 IV. Eremophila sect. Chamaepogonia (1 sp.) 226 Glossary 652 V. Eremophila sect. Australophilae (32 spp.) 229 Bibliography 659 VI. Eremophila sect. Duttonia (4 spp.) 290 Index 665 List of Tables

Table 1 Distribution of trichome types in Myoporaceae Table 8 Putative hybrids in the Myoporaceae 53 (M, Myoporum; B, Bontia; C, Calamphoreus; G, Glycocystis; D, Diocirea; P, Pentacoelium; Table 9 Estimated seed-set per sample of 10 or 20 fruits E, Eremophila) 25 for of Myoporum and Eremophila. (Numbers in brackets refer to Chinnock collections;

Table 2 Distribution of trichome types in Eremophila 26 cult. = cultivated.) 57

Table 3 Pollen data for Bontia, Calamphoreus, Diocirea, Table 10 Distribution of Myoporum sections 60 Glycocystis and Pentacoelium. (Measurements for a species based on both collections cited; (e) = entomophilous Table 11 Distribution data for Myoporum 61 species; (o) = ornithophilous species.) 42 Table 12 Distribution data for Australian species of Table 4 Pollen data for Myoporum. (Measurements for a Myoporum 61 species based on both collections cited; (e) = entomophilous species; (o) = ornithophilous species.) 44 Table 13 Distribution data for Eremophila. (*E. platycalyx has both entomophilous and ornithophilous Table 5 Pollen data for Eremophila. (Measurements for a flower forms and has been species based on both collections cited; (e) = entomophilous included in data for both groups.) 66 species; (o) = ornithophilous species.) 45 Table 14 Distribution of Eremophila species within sections. Table 6 Known haploid chromosome numbers in (Endemic species bracketed.) 66 Myoporaceae adapted from Barlow (1971) with counts from other sources as indicated. Unless otherwise stated Table 15 Known and suspected toxic Eremophila 74 chromosome counts are haploid. 47 Table 16 Known and suspected toxic Myoporum 74 Table 7 Pollen/ovule ratios for some Myoporaceae. (x, mean ovule number; s, standard error; n, number in Table 17 Development trends in Myoporaceae 84 sample; o, ornithophilous; e, entomophilous.) 52

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