Inside This Issue

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Inside This Issue DISCOVERYVICTORIA’S EARTH RESOURCES JOURNAL MAY 2003 INSIDE THIS ISSUE • NEW SEARCH STRATEGY • DEEPWATER DRILLING • NEW ACREAGE RELEASE An exciting range of new geoscience data at the 15th VIMP data release. 26 MAY 2003 The products to be released include: • new geology and regolith maps and reports; • geophysical data; 15th VIMP • a 3D coal model; • GIS CDs; and • digital open file exploration data. 1.00pm – 5.00pm Thomas Carr Centre 278 Victoria Parade East Melbourne DATA To register, contact: Chandri Nambiar RELEASE Phone (03) 9412 5061 Geological Survey Victoria, Minerals and Petroleum Division DISCOVERYVICTORIA’S EARTH RESOURCES JOURNAL MAY 2003 contents NEW PLAYER IN GOLD SEARCH 2 Reliance Mining develops new strategies in its search for gold BENDIGO TO DECLARE RESERVES 4 Look for a June quarter announcement OVERVIEW PRESENTS HEALTHY PICTURE 5 Victoria’s petroleum industry is in good shape NEW ACREAGE RELEASE 6 Six new oil and gas exploration areas are up for tender CASTLEMAINE IS THE CENTREPIECE 10 New maps of the central Victorian goldfields are about to be released NEW MAPPING PROJECT 11 GSV plans a major project in north-eastern Victoria DEEP DIVER HAS HIGH HOPES 17 cover picture Santos is hoping to rewrite the history of Victoria’s oil industry The past and the present. Our main cover picture NEXUS JOINS GIPPSLAND BASIN SEARCH 18 shows the interior of the famous Long Tunnel It’s a core area with ‘considerable potential’ says the company mine at Walhalla, which is now a major tourist attraction. (Picture courtesy of the Baw Baw Shire MPI MINES ITS ‘GOLDEN GIFT’ 19 Council). The mine gave access to the world- Trial mining starts at Stawell renowned Cohens Reef, which produced, in total, 47 tonnes of gold, and was one of Australia’s UNDERCOVER WORK AIDS SEARCH 21 principal reef gold producers in the period 1885 New exploration techniques encourage our biggest goldminer to 1908. Our small inset picture is a modern-day geological image of the Walhalla/Woods Point ORIGIN EMERGES AS A FRONT RUNNER 22 area, which is the focus of a major new GSV A ‘reborn’ company emerges in the energy industry mapping project starting later this year. (See our story on page 11). GOVERNMENT BACKS SMELTER STUDY 24 Another boost for a proposed magnesium plant in the Latrobe Valley STRAIT GAS FLOWS STRAIGHT TO SYDNEY 25 OMV brings its Patricia/Baleen gas field into production POINT HENRY SMELTER TURNS 40 27 It’s a happy birthday for Alcoa and Victorian industry COSTERFIELD UNEARTHS MORE SURPRISES 28 Latest results continue to encourage AGD Mining DISCLAIMER: This publication may be of assistance to you, but the State of Victoria and its officers do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particu- regular features lar purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any infor- mation in this publication. VIEWPOINT 9 Energy and Minerals Victoria acknowledges contributions made by Minister Theo Theophanous gives his views private enterprise. Acceptance of these contributions, however, does not endorse or imply endorsement by the Department of Natural NEWS BRIEFS 12 Resources and Environment of any product or service offered by the A roundup of Victorian industry news contributors. VICTORIA’S RESOURCES 14 All photographs, maps, charts, tables and written information in this Victoria’s mineral, oil and gas resources publication are copyright under the Copyright Act and may not be reproduced by any process whatsoever without the written permis- MINERAL LICENCE REVIEW 16 sion of the Department of Natural Resources and Environment. Who’s doing what with mineral exploration licences © Minerals and Petroleum Victoria 2003. Published quarterly on behalf of the Minerals and Petroleum Division, Department of Primary Industries. Editorial and advertising enquiries to Rex Banks, RBA Communications, 86 Cooloongatta Rd, Camberwell Vic 3124 Tel: (03) 9889 1094 Fax: (03) 9889 9997 EMail: [email protected] Editorial: Rex Banks. Distribution and NRE enquires to Chandri Nambiar, Manager Marketing Development, Minerals and Petroleum Division, Department of Primary Industries, Level 7, 240 Victoria Parade, East Melbourne, Vic, 3002, Tel: (03) 9412 5061 Fax: (03) 9412 5155. Website: <http://www.nre.vic.gov.au/minpet/index.htm> Australia Post Print Publication PP349472/00128. ISSN Number 13282409. 1 GOLD EXPLORATION New player in gold search significant new player, with long-term Reliance Mining’s Stephen gold exploration and production Twyerould and Paul Chapman. experience, believes that Victoria has A the potential to return to the glory cash in the near term, or the ability to produce days of the 1850’s when some of the world’s a substantial discovery.” biggest gold fields were discovered Dr Twyerould, Reliance Director of throughout the state. Operations, said two examples of the compa- Reliance Mining Limited, a reconstruction of ny’s approach and focus are the Andean gold Geographe Resources, has become one of belt in Peru and the Victorian gold belt. Victoria’s largest exploration tenement hold- In Victoria, the company has acquired or ers, and is forecasting a major boost in the applied for approximately 7,000 square kilo- search for new orebodies. metres of ground containing targets ranging It will concentrate its search for new from major undercover extensions of known ‘Greenfield’ gold deposits around Rutherglen gold belts like Bendigo, Ballarat and Stawell in the state’s north, Kerang, Ararat South and to ‘Brownfields’ exploration targets over his- St Arnaud. toric high-grade mining camps. The company also will look for extensions to “If you are looking for elephants, you have to “By July this year, Reliance’s teams in both known goldfields or ‘Brownfield’ areas at look in elephant country,” Mr Chapman said, Victoria and Peru will have completed addi- Ballarat West, Lauriston East, Granya and quoting an old mining adage. tional fieldwork to validate anomalies and pri- oritise targets for drilling,” Dr Twyerould said. Reedy Creek. Reliance Mining Limited was established in Reliance Mining recently returned to the November 2001 by former senior executives Reliance believes Victoria has enormous Australian Stock Exchange trading list with a of WMC Ltd to pursue world-class gold and potential for the discovery of multi-million new management team and a new approach to base-metal projects. ounce gold deposits and says the time is right for significant investment in the state. discovering gold deposits. Apart from a large portfolio of projects in Made up of several former senior executives Australia and overseas, it also has a strategic Mr Chapman said that exploration strategy from Western Mining Corporation’s gold and alliance with WMC Resources Ltd, which experience has shown that, “if you’re looking nickel division, Reliance plans to use their provides an ongoing pipeline of mineral to make a significant gold discovery, there are expertise developed and honed within WMC exploration projects. two criteria that have been shown to be in the search for hidden gold deposits, with the extremely effective”: team looking specifically for covered exten- • Go to a province that has produced signifi- sions to Victoria’s major gold fields. RELIANCE BELIEVES VICTORIA HAS cant quantities of gold in the past. This shows all the right processes have been This ‘Brownfield’ strategy is the same focus ENORMOUS POTENTIAL FOR THE operating on an appropriate scale. used by Bendigo Mining which is developing major extensions to the Bendigo goldfield, DISCOVERY OF MULTI-MILLION • Find the under-explored areas of that Ballarat Goldfields which is working on a OUNCE GOLD DEPOSITS AND SAYS province that exhibit the right geological ingredients for gold mineralisation. similar expansion of the Ballarat fields and THE TIME IS RIGHT FOR SIGNIFICANT Perseverance Mining which is rapidly extend- “Victoria certainly meets the first criteria,” ing the known boundaries of the Fosterville INVESTMENT IN THE STATE. Mr Chapman said. “It is the world’s premier sulphide deposit. slate-belt gold province with total production In addition, a Co-operative Research Centre exceeding 80 million oz. project on Predictive Mineral Discoveries is The Reliance management team includes five “Twelve goldfields produced more than 1m oz looking specifically at the science of discover- former WMC executives - Dr Stephen of gold with the largest deposits being ing new mineral deposits where the orebodies Twyerould, the former head of gold geology Bendigo (23m oz), Ballarat (13m oz), are hidden by overlying material. and exploration; Paul Chapman, former com- Castlemaine (5m oz) and Stawell (4m oz),” mercial manager of nickel and gold; Brian To meet the second criteria, Reliance has Up to now, every major Victorian goldfield Kennedy, former general manager of the Mt taken two approaches: has been discovered by the outcropping por- Keith and Kambalda nickel mines; Tim tions, which led miners to the deeper deposits. Craske, the former principal project genera- • Greenfields Strategy: Target the covered But Reliance Mining Director, Paul Chapman, tion geologist in the WMC exploration divi- extensions of known gold-belts, and, says the future for mining in Victoria is to look sion and Craig Reddell, the former exploration • Brownfields Strategy: Acquire under- for the hidden targets. manager for nickel and gold. explored, near-mine extensions to old gold He believes Victoria is still highly prospec- Mr Chapman told Discovery that, “We plan to camps. tive, and almost totally unexplored by modern ‘turn over’ a high number of projects and pick Reliance is also adopting the strategy that has standards. those that have the capability of generating produced large gold discoveries in Western 2 GOLD EXPLORATION Australia where the modern exploration effort the dating techniques allow some overlap of Above: The area around Stawell-Ararat is one of has been far more intense.
Recommended publications
  • Hill Landscape Evolution of Far Western New South Wales
    REGOLITH AND LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION OF FAR WESTERN NEW SOUTH WALES S.M. Hill CRC LEME, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Adelaide, SA, 5005 INTRODUCTION linked with a period of deep weathering and an erosional and sedimentary hiatus (Idnurm and Senior, 1978), or alternatively The western New South Wales landscape contains many of the denudation and sedimentation outside of the region I areas such as elements that have been important to the study of Australian the Ceduna Depocentre (O’Sullivan et al., 1998). Sedimentary landscapes including ancient, indurated and weathered landscape basin development resumed in the Cainozoic with the formation remnants, as well as young and dynamic, erosive and sedimentary of the Lake Eyre Basin in the north (Callen et al., 1995) and the landforms. It includes a complex landscape history closely related Murray Basin in the south (Brown and Stephenson, 1991; Rogers to the weathering, sedimentation and denudation histories of et al., 1995). Mesozoic sediments in the area of the Bancannia major Mesozoic and Cainozoic sedimentary basins and their Basin (Trough) have been traditionally considered as part of the hinterlands, as well as the impacts of climate change, eustacy, Eromanga Basin, which may have been joined to the Berri Basin tectonics, and anthropogenic activities. All this has taken place through this area. Cainozoic sediments in the Bancannia Basin across a vast array of bedrock types, including regolith-dominated have been previously described within the framework of the Lake areas extremely prospective for mineral exploration. Eyre Basin (Neef et al., 1995; Gibson, this volume), but probably PHYSICAL SETTINGS warrant a separate framework.
    [Show full text]
  • Sources and Fluxes of Water and Salt Below a Regional Groundwater Discharge Complex, South-Eastern Australia
    Sources and Fluxes of Water and Salt Below a Regional Groundwater Discharge Complex, South-Eastern Australia. submitted by Nikki Michelle Howes, B.Sc. (Hons.) as a requirement in full for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences Flinders University of South Australia February 2003 i Table of Contents Abstract vi Declaration of Originality viii Publications Associated With This Thesis ix Acknowledgements ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES OF THESIS ........................................................................................ 1 1.2 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 SITE DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................... 8 1.3.1 THE MURRAY BASIN, SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA ................................................................. 8 1.3.2 THE RAAK PLAIN GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE COMPLEX ........................................................ 9 1.3.3 GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY ............................................................................................ 14 1.3.4 PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS AT RAAK PLAIN ........................................................................... 16 1.3.5 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PLAYA LAKES SELECTED FOR THIS STUDY ................................... 17 1.3.5.1 Western Salina .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene El
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2002 Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene El Molino Formation, Eastern Cordillera and Altiplano, Central Andes, Bolivia: implications for the tectonic development of the Central Andes Richard John Fink Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Fink, Richard John, "Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene El Molino Formation, Eastern Cordillera and Altiplano, Central Andes, Bolivia: implications for the tectonic development of the Central Andes" (2002). LSU Master's Theses. 3925. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3925 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SEDIMENTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE UPPER CRETACEOUS- PALEOCENE EL MOLINO FORMATION, EASTERN CORDILLERA AND ALTIPLANO, CENTRAL ANDES, BOLIVIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE TECTONIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE CENTRAL ANDES A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Geology and Geophysics by Richard John Fink B.S., Montana State University, 1999 August 2002 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Drs. Bouma, Ellwood and Byerly for allowing me to present and defend my M.S. thesis in the absence of my original advisor.
    [Show full text]
  • An Evaluation of the Oil and Gas Potential of the Murray Basin
    University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 1954-2016 University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 1989 An evaluation of the oil and gas potential of the Murray Basin Alan Watchman University of Wollongong Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Recommended Citation Watchman, Alan, An evaluation of the oil and gas potential of the Murray Basin, Master of Science thesis, Department of Geology, University of Wollongong, 1989.
    [Show full text]
  • Mineral Potential of Western Murray Basin
    Mineral potential of western Murray Basin Baohong Hou & Marc Twining November 2019 Where and What Western Murray Basin Improving recognition & prediction Section 15 Region NSW Q cover Murray Basin Berri Basin Nadda Basin Darling Basin SA VIC Basement to the w Murray Basin Section 15 Eg., Drexel et al., 1993; Drexel region and Preiss, 1995; Cowley, 2010; IUGS Geological Time Scale, 2015. Geology Late Silurian to Early ? Carboniferous ? Darling Basin A ? RENMARK TROUGH A Eg., Alley and Gravestock, 1995; http://www.ga.gov.au / ? ? Geology ? Early Permian RENMARK TROUGH Nadda Basin ? Late Carboniferous A to Triassic drillholes Eg., Alley, 1995 A ? ? Geology Jurassic to ? Cretaceous RENMARK TROUGH Berri Basin Section 15 Gazettal (2014/000363-2) A ? Eg., Thornton, 1974; Rogers, 1995; A ? Geology Section 15 Cainozoic Western Murray Basin hundreds Cainozoic drillholes; but Only a couple of dozen drillholes through the base. Geology Murray Basin W Murray Basin Eg., Rogers et al., 1995; Stratigraphy -Murray Basin Stratigraphy of the Murray Basin HMS HMS HMS HMS modified from Rogers et al., 1995; Brown and Stephenson, 1991; Hou et al., 2012. Eustatic changes are based on Haq et al. (1987) Evolution -Western Murray Basin Early Eocene - Oligocene (c.53-24 Ma) UPPER 141° E ? RENMARK 32°30´ S GROUP ? fluvial ? ? swamp lacustrine marginal marine 34°30´ S marine Buccleuch Fm 139° E Olney Fm/Warina Sand Olney Fm modified from Miranda Pre-Cainozoic et al., 2009; Fabris, 2002 Bedrock/Basement Evolution -Western Murray Basin Early - Middle
    [Show full text]
  • Murray-Darling Basin Groundwater — a Resource for Thefuture Groundwater Bro-R 4/6/01 11:09 AM Page 3 Foreword
    Groundwater bro-r 4/6/01 11:09 AM Page 1 MURRAY-DARLINGMURRAY-DARLING BASINBASIN GroundwaterGroundwater aa Resource Resource for for theFuture theFuture Groundwater is a major natural resource in the Murray-Darling Basin. Its current and future management will have a fundamental impact on the economic viability of many of the Basin’s regional communities. In some parts of the Basin, groundwater is an underutilised resource: in others, it is being used unsustainably. Groundwater bro-r 4/6/01 11:09 AM Page 2 The priorities for groundwater management vary across the Murray-Darling Basin. In the south, the major issues are rising groundwater levels and land and water salinisation. In the north, the issues are unsustainable demand and declining groundwater levels. Fundamental in all areas is the need to manage groundwater and surface water as two parts of one hydrological system. Table of Contents Introduction 5 The hydrogeology of the MDB 8 Major groundwater issues in the MDB 15 The changing picture 26 A resource for the future 27 Glossary 28 References and additional reading 30 Further information 31 Published by the Murray-Darling Basin Commission, GPO Box 409, Canberra, ACT 2601. ISBN 1 875209 61 1 Cover illustrations The Condamine Valley in south-east Queensland illustrates the productive use of groundwater, in conjunction with surface water sources, for the irrigation of crops such as cotton and oilseeds. The Chowilla wetland in the Riverland district of South Australia.The destructive results of rising groundwater levels are seen in the dead trees and the salt encrusted surface where little or no vegetation can survive.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology and Geomorphology of the Murray River Region Between Mildura and Renmark, Australia
    — https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1973.34.01 9 May 1973 GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE MURRAY RIVER REGION BETWEEN MILDURA AND RENMARK, AUSTRALIA By Edmund D. Gill Deputy Director, National Museum of Victoria, and Director of Chowilla Research Project Introduction an abandoned part of the course of the Murray. At present it is used as a water storage (1 1,200 "To a person uninstructed in natural history, hectares). his country or seaside is a walk through a gal- This Research Project was triggered by the lery filled with wonderful works of art, nine- commencement of building operations at the tenths of which have their faces turned to the Chowilla Dam site. The Trustees thought that wall". So said T. H. Huxley. Although in- this little-known area where three States meet structed in natural history, we found the area should be investigated before it was inundated. studied in this Memoir so dry in its time of deep The undertaking was therefore a salvage one, drought when we first went there, so flat, and but on a scale not attempted in Australia be- so unvaried compared with other research areas, fore. The area to be flooded plus a necessary that we wondered what story it had to yield. marginal area gave a total of 2600 km 2 to be However, it was judged that this country, like studied. As a result, the study had to be of a all others scientists have investigated, would reconnaissance nature, with more detailed at- have a useful and fascinating story when it had tention to significant sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Fossil Shark Teeth from Upland Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia: Evidence for Previously Unknown Tertiary Marine Sediments Mesa Journal, 2015; 76(1):67-73
    PUBLISHED VERSION Neville S Pledge, Anthony R Milnes, Robert P Bourman, and Neville F Alley Fossil shark teeth from upland Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia: evidence for previously unknown Tertiary marine sediments Mesa Journal, 2015; 76(1):67-73 Copyright © Government of South Australia: Material appearing in the MESA Journal is subject to copyright, and reproduction in whole or in part without permission of the editor is prohibited Originally Published at: https://sarigbasis.pir.sa.gov.au/WebtopEw/ws/samref/sarig1/image/DDD/MESAJ076067- 073.pdf PERMISSIONS Permission received see email 24 Nov, 2015 27 November, 2015 http://hdl.handle.net/2440/96553 Tertiary sediments, Fleurieu Peninsula Fossil shark teeth from upland Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia: evidence for previously unknown Tertiary marine sediments Neville S Pledge1, Anthony R Milnes2, Robert P Bourman3 and Neville F Alley4 1 South Australian Museum 2 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Adelaide 3 School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong 4 Marino, South Australia 138°38'E V 138°38'30"E 138°39'E Introduction IC TO 138°38'E V R 138°38'30"E 138°39'E IC H Ongoing investigations of the geological and TO AR R BO 00365 H R AR geomorphological features that make up the B R 00365 ISAACSON ROAD O O 10127 R A R D complex summit surface of Fleurieu Peninsula, ISAACSON RO0A0D321 O 10127 A South Australia, continue to provide new insights 00321 D into its development. In particular, we have been 06878 S examining the relationships between the often
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamic Antarctic Ice: Agent for Mid-Pleistocene Transition Jim M
    ing of glacial periods through time (Pele- jero et al., 2006). Work is continuing on this core to develop a higher resolution SST re- cord from planktonic foraminifera and to complete a pollen record that will allow us to study vegetation changes in Tasmania over the last half a million years. Clearly, climate change is more com- plicated in the southern hemisphere than originally thought. Although we march to the beat of the same drum as the northern hemisphere, over timescales greater than 20 kyr, regional climate in the southern hemisphere has its own melody. Note A full list of references to the data referred to above can be found in Barrows et al. (2007). The above research contributes to the PASH2 proj- ect. Dates from this paper can be obtained from the World Data Center-A for Paleoclimatology. Past Climate Dynamics: A Southern Climate Perspective Past References Barrows, T.T. and Juggins, S., 2005: Sea-surface temperatures around the Australian margin and Indian Ocean during the Last Glacial Maxi- mum, Quaternary Science Reviews, 24: 1017-1047. Barrows, T.T., Juggins, S., De Deckker, P., Calvo, E. and Pelejero, C., 2007: Long-term sea-surface temperature and climate change in the Australian-New Zealand region, Paleoceanography, 22: PA 2215 doi:10.1029/2006PA001328. Gingele, F.X., De Deckker, P. and Hillenbrand, C.-D., 2004: Late Quaternary terrigenous sediments from the Murray Canyons area, offshore South Australia and their implications for sea level change, pa- Figure 2: a) Comparison between the GISP 2 oxygen isotope record (Grootes et al., 1993) on the Meese et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Quaternary Geomorphological Evolution of the River Murray Mouth and Lakes Region, Southern Australia
    University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 1954-2016 University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2015 The Quaternary geomorphological evolution of the River Murray mouth and lakes region, southern Australia Deirdre Dymphna Ryan University of Wollongong Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Recommended Citation Ryan, Deirdre Dymphna, The Quaternary geomorphological evolution of the River Murray mouth and lakes region, southern Australia, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Did Mangrove Communities Exist in the Late Cretaceous of the Kristianstad T Basin, Sweden? ⁎ Stephen Mcloughlina, , David W
    Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 498 (2018) 99–114 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Did mangrove communities exist in the Late Cretaceous of the Kristianstad T Basin, Sweden? ⁎ Stephen McLoughlina, , David W. Haigb, Mikael Siverssonc,e, Elisabeth Einarssond a Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden b Centre for Energy Geoscience, School of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia c Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, WA 6106, Australia d Department of Geology, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden e School of Molecular and Life Sciencesc, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Previous inferences of oyster-dominated communities occupying mangrove-like depositional settings in the Campanian Kristianstad Basin, Sweden, during the late early Campanian are reassessed. A significant percentage of oysters Oysters (Acutostrea incurva) from the Belemnellocamax mammillatus zone in Bed 3 at Åsen bear indentations on their left Conifers valves indicating attachment to plant axes. Many of these axes bear morphological features characteristic of the Foraminifera distal subaerial portions of woody plant branches and appear to have been rafted into the marine environment Sharks rather than representing in situ mangrove stems and roots. Foraminiferal assemblages recovered from sediment Mangroves ff Sweden within the oyster body cavities di er from modern mangrove-community associations by the absence of siliceous agglutinated Foraminifera, the presence of diverse and relatively abundant Lagenida, relatively common triserial Buliminida, and a notable percentage of planktonic taxa.
    [Show full text]
  • Chronostratigraphy and Palaeoclimatic Significance
    CSIRO Publishing The Royal Society of Victoria, 127, 81–91, 2015 www.publish.csiro.au/journals/rs 10.1071/RS15020 THE MIDDLE–LATE PLEISTOCENE BRIDGEWATER FORMATION ON CAPE BRIDGEWATER, SOUTH-WESTERN VICTORIA: CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PALAEOCLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE Matej Lipar1, john a. Webb1 1Environmental Geoscience, Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne (Bundoora), Victoria 3086, Australia Correspondence: Matej Lipar, [email protected] ABSTRACT: The Pleistocene Bridgewater Formation is well exposed at Cape Bridgewater and surrounding areas in south- western Victoria, where field studies, mineralogical and isotopic analyses and OSL dating have shown that it can be divided into three members, here named (in stratigraphic order) the Descartes Bay, Bats Ridge and Duquesne members. Each member consists of aeolian calcarenite deposited as a coastal dune, that was karstified (with solution pipe development) and then overlain by a red or purple palaeosol. The aeolianites were deposited in three distinct phases corresponding to interglacials MIS 11, MIS 9 and MIS 7, respectively, when the shoreline was near present sea level. Karstification occurred as a result of the high effective precipitation characteristic of the transition between interglacial and glacial periods, followed by aeolian dust accession and palaeosol formation during the drier, windier glacial climates. Comparison with the coeval Tamala Limestone in south-western Western Australia shows simultaneous changes in palaeoclimate: high effective precipitation during the transition from MIS 11 to MIS 10, and a relatively dry transition from MIS 9 to MIS 8. Abundant rainfall during MIS 5 caused extensive limestone dissolution (solution pipes in Victoria, pinnacles in Western Australia) and the resulting quartz sand residue was redeposited during MIS 2-4.
    [Show full text]