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Fossil Shark Teeth from Upland Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia: Evidence for Previously Unknown Tertiary Marine Sediments Mesa Journal, 2015; 76(1):67-73

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Fossil Shark Teeth from Upland Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia: Evidence for Previously Unknown Tertiary Marine Sediments Mesa Journal, 2015; 76(1):67-73 PUBLISHED VERSION Neville S Pledge, Anthony R Milnes, Robert P Bourman, and Neville F Alley Fossil shark teeth from upland Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia: evidence for previously unknown Tertiary marine sediments Mesa Journal, 2015; 76(1):67-73 Copyright © Government of South Australia: Material appearing in the MESA Journal is subject to copyright, and reproduction in whole or in part without permission of the editor is prohibited Originally Published at: https://sarigbasis.pir.sa.gov.au/WebtopEw/ws/samref/sarig1/image/DDD/MESAJ076067- 073.pdf PERMISSIONS Permission received see email 24 Nov, 2015 27 November, 2015 http://hdl.handle.net/2440/96553 Tertiary sediments, Fleurieu Peninsula Fossil shark teeth from upland Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia: evidence for previously unknown Tertiary marine sediments Neville S Pledge1, Anthony R Milnes2, Robert P Bourman3 and Neville F Alley4 1 South Australian Museum 2 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Adelaide 3 School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong 4 Marino, South Australia 138°38'E V 138°38'30"E 138°39'E Introduction IC TO 138°38'E V R 138°38'30"E 138°39'E IC H Ongoing investigations of the geological and TO AR R BO 00365 H R AR geomorphological features that make up the B R 00365 ISAACSON ROAD O O 10127 R A R D complex summit surface of Fleurieu Peninsula, ISAACSON RO0A0D321 O 10127 A South Australia, continue to provide new insights 00321 D into its development. In particular, we have been 06878 S examining the relationships between the often " 00 6878 3 ' S 6 00322 " 2 0 deeply weathered and ferruginised plateau surface ° 3 5 ' 3 6 00322 00364 2 developed primarily on Precambrian to early ° 5 AD 3 RO 00364 00363 L Paleozoic bedrock, which Tokarev and Gostin (2003) 07225 IL OAD 00363 H R TO L describe as the ‘pre-Middle Eocene paleoplain’, 07225 UI IL SQ H 09607 O TO M UI and the Permian and Cenozoic sediments that SQ 09607 M O occur in small intramontane basins, as indicated 00323 11613 in schematic cross-sections of Fleurieu Peninsula 00323 11613 (Milnes, Bourman and Northcote 1985; Alley and S Bourman 1995). ' 7 09724 2 D ° A S 5 ' O 3 7 09724 R 2 D ° L A Two water wells (662709607 and 662711613, 5 PA L O 3 M E C R B N L PA U L ‘Walker wells’) drilled in 1996 between Mount M A E L C B A N 11521 11376 U A Compass and Victor Harbor (Fig. 1) intersected L R 00324 A O 101521 250 500 m 11376 AD fossiliferous Cenozoic sediments at depths of R 00324 09663 OAD 0 250 500 m 12–30 m below the land surface at an elevation 0209456869-3020 ADELAIDE Water well 204589-020 of ~244 m ASL. These findings have never been 15 km NOTE: each number has prefix 6627. ADELAIDE Water well 15 km published and no samples of the sediments have NOTE: each number has prefix 6627. been located, but the landowner (RT Walker, Surface geology (1:100 000) Gulf SCuErNfaOcZeO gIeCology (1:100 000) Hundred of Goolwa) collected a selection of shark St Vincent Gulf CENOZQOuICaternary terrestrial deposits St Vincent Strathalbyn teeth from the cuttings of well 662709607 (09607), QTeuratitaerryn aterryr etestrrrieasl tdrieapl odseiptsosits Strathalbyn which he made available to the authors for study. PALEOTZeOrItCiary terrestrial deposits Mount Permo-Carboniferous Two of us (Bourman and Alley) recently inspected Compass Area of PALEOZOIC Mount Normanville interest Permo-CCaaprbe oJneirfveisro Fuosrmation the ground around the bores and collected grab Compass Area of Normanville interest Cape Jervis Formation samples in an endeavour (unsuccessful) to recover FLEURIEU Cambrian PENINSULA Victor Harbor CambriBaanlquhidder Formation additional datable materials from any cuttings that FLEURIEU PENINSULA EVnicotourn tHera rBbaoyr BTuanlqkuahliildlad eFro Frmoramtioantion remain. Encounter Bay Taupnaknaalilplap aF oFromrmataiotinon Tapanappa Formation Our paleontological study of the shark teeth has provided important information about the age of the Cenozoic sediments and this significantly expands Figure 1 Locality map highlighting water wells discussed our understanding of the geological history of the in this study and surface geology. (Source DSD 2014) MESA Journal 76 Issue 1 – 2015 67 New geology region. The aim of this note is to describe the shark The Walker wells were drilled in a small drainage teeth, assess their age and depositional environment depression at an elevation of ~250 m, a little in relation to other occurrences, and suggest the below the summit surface of Fleurieu Peninsula in implications of these findings to the development the headwaters of Currency Creek. The fossiliferous of the landscape in this part of Fleurieu Peninsula. sediments were intersected at depths of 12–30 m Additional drilling, sampling and stratigraphic below the land surface. Both wells ended at 30 m investigations in this locality are foreshadowed in ‘bedrock’ or ‘hard blue rock’ (according to the before more definitive statements can be made. driller logs) which is interpreted to be Kanmantoo Group metasediments. In the case of the Hindmarsh Tiers and Myponga basins, the Cenozoic sediments Geological setting overlie Permian glacigene sediments. Fleurieu Peninsula separates the St Vincent Basin Limestones in the Hindmarsh Tiers Basin (Fig. 2) and the Murray Basin (Fig. 2), with some of their range in age from Late Oligocene to Early Miocene Cenozoic sedimentary successions onlapping the (Lindsay and Alley 1995). In the Myponga Basin older rocks of the peninsula. Repeated marine they are Middle Miocene in age (Lindsay and Alley transgressions from the Middle Eocene to the 1995) and, on the basis of foraminiferal evidence, Pliocene encroached on and within the peninsula four transgressive–regressive episodes have been leaving remnant Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene recognised. The marine connections with the Murray marine sediments in now isolated intramontane and St Vincent basins that facilitated deposition basins, including the Myponga and Hindmarsh Tiers of the limestones in the Myponga and Hindmarsh basins (Fig. 2; Furness, Waterhouse and Edwards Tiers basins are unknown. A connection with the 1981; Lindsay and Alley 1995). These are likely St Vincent Basin is favoured but a marine passage to have been formed in part by gouging of the across Fleurieu Peninsula during a eustatic high is underlying bedrock (largely Cambrian Kanmantoo possible. Group metasediments) by Permian glacial ice. Glacigene sediments (Cape Jervis Formation) Given that a number of transgressions occurred are widespread on the peninsula, but the nearest during the Middle Eocene to Middle Miocene (Fig. 3) outcrop to the Walker wells is about 1 km to the west in the St Vincent and Murray basins, and that (Fig. 1). Tertiary sand, gravel and weathered rock eustatic sea level was at least 200 m higher than occur on ridge tops and valley sides. Locally, valley present in the Eocene and ~100 m higher than bottoms are filled with Quaternary sediments. present from Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene (Benbow et al. 1995), it is possible that Fleurieu Peninsula was inundated more frequently than has been recognised. Paleontology 138°E 138°20'E 138°40'E 139°E 139°20'E ") Most of the shark teeth specimens consist of Mount Pleasant only the enamel crown of the tooth, at best with r ve Ri partial root, but a few are more or less complete Gulf Mannum ") ADELAIDE ") (App). Nevertheless, identification to generic level ") Woodside St Vincent is possible in one case, at least. Although the S ° 5 3 ay r specimens show two preservational modes, and thus ur M indicate two oxidation states and two geological St Vincent Basin Murray Bridge ") facies, the collection appears to be taxonomically Meadows Basin uniform, and comprises only four or five different ") McLaren Vale species. The dark grey overall appearance and Strathalbyn ") Murray Basin general morphology of most of the collection S ' Mount Compass 0 ") 2 resemble specimens in the South Australian Museum ° A 5 L 3 U Myponga Basin S NIN ") collections from several bores near Ki Ki, Naracoorte PE Milang Lake ! Walker wells Alexandrina Normanville ") Hindmarsh k and Robe in the southeast of the state where they Tiers Basin have been determined to be of Late Eocene age IEU ") UR Victor Harbor (Pledge 1967). On the other hand, the light-colored LE Lake Cape Jervis F Encounter Bay ") Albert bleached specimens are reminiscent of material S ' of Early Miocene age from Strathalbyn and the 0 T 4 he ° 5 3 Monarto area, although there is also a resemblance 0 25 km ") Penneshaw C oor on to Middle Eocene material from the South Maslin Zone 54 g KANGAROO ISLAND Sand at Maslin Bay. The morphospecies concerned, 204589-021 as far as can be determined, have a rather long Figure 2 Cenozoic basins marginal to and within time range, and thus the collection from well 09607 Fleurieu Peninsula. (Source DSD 2014) could extend from Late Eocene into the Miocene. 68 MESA Journal 76 Issue 1 – 2015 NOTE: all drillholes are prefixed with 6627 Tertiary sediments, Fleurieu Peninsula 1st 2nd SEQUENCE EUSTATIC and Miocene limestone facies may be present in the order order STRATIGRAPHY CURVES small intramontane basin at the Walker property. Relative change of Further drilling and sampling is foreshadowed to AGE coastal onlap help to clarify this. sets landward basinward METRES 1.0 0.5 0 200 100 0 Megacycle Supercycle Supercycle Two possible scenarios might account for these PLEISTOCENE Ma Ma sediments: LATE 1. A small Late Eocene marine incursion may have PLIO- CENE EARLY TB3 penetrated from the Murray Basin into the basin LATE where the Walker wells occur. 10 QUATERNARY 10 2. A possible marine passage between the St Vincent and Murray basins as proposed by MIDDLE Tokarev and Gostin (2003) could have been BASIN MYPONGA TEJAS B present in Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene TB2 MIOCENE times (Fig 4).
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