The N A TIO.N AL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE

)\\

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

WASHINGTON, D. C...... - - JANUARY, 1932 \ \ \ " The American Horticultural Society

~ P'RESENT ROLL OF OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS March 1, 1931 OFFICERS President, Robert Pyle, West Grove, Pa. First Vice-Preside?},t, Knowles A. Ryerson, 1601 Argonne Pl., N. W., Washington, D. C. Second V ice-President, Mrs. Francis King, South Hartford, N. Y. Secreta1'Y, C. C. Thomas, 211 Spruce Street, Takoma Park, Md. Treasurer, Roy G. Pierce, 504 Aspen Street, Washington, D. C. DIRECTORS Terms expiring in 1932 Terms expiring in 1933 Miss Mary McD. Beirne, Ashland, Va. Miss Isabel B. Busbee, Raleigh, N. C. Hon. H. F. Fisher, Memphis, Tenn. Mrs. L. H. Fowler, Washington, D. C. Mrs. Mortimer Fox, Peekskill, N. Y. Fa·irman R. Furness, Media, Pa. Mr. F. L. Mulford, Washington, D. C. D. Victor Lumsden, Washington, D. C. Dr. Earl B. White, Kensington, Md. J. Marion Shull, Chevy Chase, Md.

AFFILIATED SOCIETIES' Alexandria, Virginia, Garden Club, Garden Club of Somerset Hills, Mrs. F. M. Willard, President, Mrs. J. M. Ellsworth, President, Belle Haven, Alexandria, Va. Bernardsville, N. J. American Fuchsia Society, Georgia State Horticultural Society, Mrs. Elizabeth Madison, Sec'y, G. H. Firor, Secretary, 1025 2nd Ave., Oakland, Calif. Athens, Ga. Blackstone Garden Club, Hartwell Garden Club, Mrs. A. G. Ingham, President, Care of Wm. F. Roberts, W ellsville, Va. 275 Avalon Ave., Cincinnati, O. Chevy Chase (D. C.) Garden Cluib, Highland Park Garden Study CIU:b, Mrs. Truman Abbe, Librarian, Mrs. J. S. Weinberg, President, 3737 Huntington St. N. W., 440 Glencoe Ave., Highland Pk., Ill. Washington, D. C. Chevy Chase Garden Club, Indian Hill Garden Dub, Mrs. G. Thomas Dunlop, Mrs. Robert Sattler, Pres·ident, Manor Road, Chevy Chase, Md. Varner Road, R. F. D. No.1, Civic Study Club, Sta. M., Cincinnati, O. Mrs. O. R. Bruson, Secretary, Lake Forest Garden Club, Michigan, N. D. Lake Forest, Ill. Fairfax Garden Club, Lake Washington Garden Club, Mrs. L. P. Tayloe, Secretary, Mrs. Alexander A. Gardner, Vienna, Va. 5951 49th Ave., S'. W., Seattle, Wash. Fairfield Garden Club, Montgomery Suburban Garden Club, Mrs. John R. Reylburn, James c. Dulin, Jr., President, 523 Old Post Road, Fairfield, Conn. 325 High St., Friendship Hrs., Federated Garden Clubs of Cincinnati and Chevy Chase, Md. Vicinity, Shaker Lakes Garden Club, Mrs. Silas B. Waters, President, Mrs. Frank B. Stearns, 2005 Edgecliffe Point, Cincinnati, O. 15830 S. Park Blvd., Shaker Hts., Galesburg Horticultural Improvement So­ Cleveland, Ohio. ciety, S'I:. Louis Horticultural Society, C. Z. Nelson, Secretary, Missouri Botanical Garden, 534 Hawkinson Ave., Galesburg, Ill. St. Louis, Mo. Garden Club of Cincinnati, Mrs. H. W. Nichols, Takoma Horticultural Club, 2345 Madison Road, E. Walnut Fred C. Duehring, Secretary, Hills, Cincinnati, Ohio. 122 Chestnut Ave., Garden Club of Buzzard's Bay Takoma Park, D. C. Mrs. M. W. Wilcox, President, Town & Country Garden Club, 350 Union St., New Bedford, Mass. Mrs. W. H. Wood, Garden Club of Englewood, Anderson & Green Road, EnglewoOd, N. J . So. Euclid, Cleveland, Ohio. Garden Club of Madison, N. J. Tuckahoe Garden Club of Westhampton, Mr. B. Cutler, Librarian, Mrs. John Coke, 303 Woodland Rd., Madison, N. J . Rio Vista Lane, Richmond, Va. Garden Club of Ohio, Women Gardeners of Ridgewood, Mrs. Kermode F. Gill, President, Mrs. Gail C. Cannon, Corresponding 2178 Harcourt Dr·ive, Cleveland, O. Secretary Garden Club of Peekskill, 331 S. Van Dien Ave., 118 Plne St., Peekskill, N. Y. Ridgewood, N. J.

Entereo:! as second· class m atter January 2:7, 1932, at the P ost Office at Baltimore, Md., under tbe Act of August 24, 1912. Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HC:>RTICULTURAL MAGAZINE

RARE and I IMPORTED Alpines Thompson I list only the most rare and choice va· rieties of alpines-Saxifrages, Androsaces, gentians, drabas, Dianthus, Meconopsis, AND wee dainty alpine roses, prostrate brooms, Morgan's etc. Also native western iris, phlox, lew· isias, Pentstemons, etc. List your Rames for Spring Catalogue now ready. 1932 SEED ROCKMARGE ALPINE GARDENS MRS. EDITH H . BANGHART, F. R. H. S. CATALOGUE MEDINA, W ASINGTON Is the most comprehensive published. PEONIES AND IRISES It describes many novelties and rare The World's Best Varieties species not offered dsewhere, including At Reasonable Prices 3,935 different kinds of Flower Seeds. Our snack has established a national r eputation for quali· ty and vigor-Prize "Yinning P lants. Send for your copy -Free on application to- of the Twenty·first issue of I THE MASTER LIST America's Blue Book of Fine Thompson & Morgan Peonies and Irises. Full of information scien· tifically arranged. London Road, Ipswich NORTHBROOK GARDENS, INC. Northbrook, Illinois ENGLAND P aul L. Battey. Pres. ' ·V. F. Christman, V. P. & Mgr.

BECAUSE IT'S ROOTS THAT COUNT HERE is only one sure that we guarantee you full T way to get such roots as satisfaction. And a guaran· these on the Hardy Plants tee from us means something you buy. That is to buy besides just a promise. It Wayside Garden field grown means performance. It plants. Plants that at the means anything not satisfac· very least are TWO years tory is promptly made so. old, and that will positively No bickering. No long back· bloom first year. None of and.forth of letters. We sell them greenhouse coddlings satisfaction and we are going knocked out of pots. to see that you get it. N ew So sure are we of the supe· Catalog is nothing short of rior quality of our plants a masterpiece. S end for it.

Roots of Iris Gel"ll1ani (' a. The kind of plants we I would ship you. Reg' . U . S. Pa t. Off. THE NATIONAL HOHTICULTUHAL MAGAZ INE Jan., 1932 Good News for Peony Lovers

In order to get the peony manual in the hands of every peony admirer, the Directo rs have made a drastic reduction. This splendid manual, the finest book of its kind published, can now be ob· tained for $3 .00 postpaid. Supply limited. Act at once if you desire a copy. T he manual is a splendid encyclopedia of peony knowledge, and at thi3 bargain price, which is actually below cost of production, it should be in every flower lover's library. A m~mbership in the American Peony Society, which includes four splendid bulletins per year, together with the new peony manual for $6.00. Send all remittances and communications to, W. F. Christman, Secretary AMERICAN PEONY SOCIETY Northbrook, Ill.

The American Iris Society THE AMERICAN IRIS SOCIETY was organized January 29, 1920, as a forum wherein garden discussion might center upon Iris. It is now entering upon its twelfth year with a membership of over twelve hundred an:! a record that includes the pubEca. tion of forty.one l::$ ull :.tins devoted to various phases of Iris interest. Although many of our members are growers, breeders or collectors, still more are just amateur gardeners-people with a bit of a garden in their back yard where they grow a few fine Peonies, a few Irises and other precious treasures which they have collected through their gardening years. Therefore, the members of the American Horticultural Society should be particularly interested in this kindred society. Our Bullet:ns in a special field have the same point of view as the National Horticultural Magazine has in the broader field of general horticulture. T o the iso lated gardener our Bulletins have brought notes drawn from the ex­ per:ences of our members in many parts of the world. To the garden: r who is fortunate enough to share his interest with many neighbors, our society offers an op­ portunity to co operate in some sort of community work. Each year many local exhi­ bitions are held under our auspices and we owe much to the members who have aroused local interest. Gradually, also, it is becoming possible for our members to in­ augura t ~ display plantings of Irises, which are not only of interest to all gardeners, but, more important, do much to make public open spaces more sightly. Thus both to the individual member and to the community, The American Ir;s Society offers something of value. Annual Membership, $3 .00 Life Membership, $50.00. JOH N B. WALLACE, JR., Secretary 129 Church Street, N ew Haven, Conn. The National Horticultural Magazine B. Y. MORRISO N, Editor ALFRED B ATES, F . J . CR IDER, F LORE NS D EBEVOISE, S'H ERMA N R. D U1'FY, HELEN M . Fox, MARY T. HENRY, FRA NCES E. McILVAI NE, CA RL P URDY; ]. MARION SHULL, Cont1'ib1ttimg Ed'itors

Vol. 11 Co pyrig h t, 1932, by THE A MERI CAN H ORT ICU LTURAL S OC 1ETY No.1

JANUARY, 1932 Flowers of the California S ierras. By LESTER R OW NTREE 5 Notes on Sax ifraga 1. By FLORENS D EBEVOISE ...... \) W ater-Lily H ybridizing. By R OBERT V AN T RESS ...... 17 Creating a n "Antique Garden, " O ld Roses. By L ILY L OGA N MORRIL L...... _...... 22 S anta Fe Gardens. By HELEN M. Fox ...... 26 A Series of Eng lish R ock Gardens : Photographs by MALBY .. 29 Plant Notes From the New J ersey Pine Barrens. By BERNAR D HARKNES S. . 34 A Series of R ock Ga rden P ortra its: Phot og raphs by K. J OSEFSKI...... 37 The Idealist in the Garden ...... 43 A B ook or · T wo ...... 50 The Gardener's P ocketbock: Campal'lIulas. By P. J . VAN MELLE ...... 51 Rhododend'rol'L atiant·iw11-l . By BERNAR D H ARK NESS. 54 Notes. By I SABEL B . BUSBEE.. 55 N a:rcisslls, D awson City 56 Lilin1'/'L medeoioides 58 Iris s indpers 58 / illium nticniahw'/1...... _...... 60 B-ryoph'yiho/1'/1. tnbijlor ll 1-lL 60

A r o1M:a a t'r 0 p ~ 11' p'un a 62

V i b1U ' m!1?~ di/atatum ...... 62 PY'l'a. cantha crenniata lWl-lslI ensis.. 62 Cotoneaste'r saiicifo lia. /loccosa ...... 64 Prnmls serruiata var. S hogetsu. By P AU L R USS ELL ...... 64 Rock Ga rden N otes ...... 66 The Illusive I vy. By A LFRED BATES .... 68

Publis hed qua rterly by The A mer ican H ortic ultura l Soc ie ty , vVashington, D . C. Editor ial Office, 11 6 Chestn ut Stree t, Tako tn a Park, D. C. Contri butions frol11 all members are cordiall y in vited and sbou:d be sent to th e above a ddress. Ad ver t is ing M anager, Mr. J. S. E lm s, P. O. Box 27, K ensing· tonJ Md. A s ubscription to th e magazin e is in cl uded in th e annual du es of all members; to non· memb ers the price is seventy · five cent th e copy, three doll ars the year. [3] L ester R ownt1'ee Glacial rocks near Lalw T enya Flowers Of The California Sierras

By L ESTER ROWNTREE

Through many ages the Sierra ing the fie ld to low mats of willow, Nevada mountains of Cali fo rnia have Castanopsis sem,pe'I'Vi1'ens, Antosta­ been preparing fo r the fl oral display phylos past'illosa and Que 'l'c '.~s du- which in a good year is now possible. 11fbOsa. Soft and cushi ony as these In the centuries which have elapsed brushy colonies appear from below, since the Glacial period, its debris has close inspecti on proves them to be become a fl ower-bed and natural mo­ harsh and hostile. And beyond and raine gardens abound. By a "good above these, Pinus albicau,lis gathers year" I mean one in which a plenti­ and, crouching low, forms wind-bat­ ful supply of snow and rain has tered units on the sides of pearl-gray fallen to blanket deep the tiny plants perpendicular crags and glistening of the mountain crests, to fill the glacial domes of silvery smoothness. streams and lakes and to keep the Nearer and within the range of meadows lush and soft. The year of recognition, shaggy-barked patriarchial 1931 was not a "good" one. The Juniperus rear imposing spectacular waterfalls had deteriorated into mere outlines, while still closer Arctosta­ dribbles , the lakes were shrunken and phylos nevadensis clingingly covers instead of being spongy to walk upon granite boulders wit h low dense the meadows were dry and crisp be­ growth. Scarlet-berried Prunus de- neath the tread. 111,issa, in late summer, colors wide In spite of a dry winter and spring portions of the lower slopes, and in . there is much beauty in the Sierras the same zone, ChalJ!l~aeb atia f oliolosa, at all times, and one who had never not so tall , spreads fern-Eke foilage seen them under more auspicious con­ and single white rose-like flowers ditions would feel no sadness and over large areas. Among this charm­ would take what is presented as ing low ground-cover, h is hartweggii, enough loveliness indeed. The moun­ C alo ch01' fj,£s leichtlinii, B,'odiaea con­ tain fl ora does its duty in each zone gesta, D e l p hiniu 11~ deC01'U111. var. pa­ and if sparingly bestowed are not tens, and sometimes Aqu,ileg1:a tru11 - the loyal blossoms all the more noti ce­ cata find congenial quarters. In this. able? the Transition life-zone, evidence of Floral poverty in the Sierras is not the season's drought was ri fe, for discernabl e at a di stance. Only a blooms were unusually scarce and close-up reveals what a lean year can much smaller. In the sandy cl earings do to to our mountain fl owers. From C aljlpt1,idium umbellatu111, commonly afar the mountain slopes give no hint so generous with so ft little pink of hard times. T amrac pines (Pinus "pussy-paw" blooms, fl owered very C011.t01'ta var. 11Hwrayana) climb like sparingly, though still carpeting open an army to their constitutions' limit space with ci rcular mats of small and fall back. A few brave strag­ spatulate leaves. gler forge ahead, standing out defi ­ Along the sides of streams dense ant and spire-li ke but soon abandon- cl um ps of tall pin k- fl owered Milllulus

[5 J 6 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1932 le'wisii are jostled by the taller um­ low grasses. Tiny erigerons, arabis, bels of creamy S phe1losciadiu1'/l. capi­ arenarias, astragalus, castill eias and tella.flllll , rose-colored heads of Alliwm everlas·tings make low tufts or close 7.!alidlllll. on three-foot naked stalks cushions. Er'iogonu1n ovalifol,iwin rising from clusters of narcissus-like forms silver-white rosettes and deco­ fo li age, slender spikes of white H a­ rates them with tiny upstanding flower­ bena.ria. sparsiflora and the thicker heads or rose pink. Phlox dOb£glasii and taller ones of H. leucostach,)ls, expands stiffly and untidily with large buttercup-like Pa:rl1assia palus­ fl owers of lilac, pink or white. PeJ/ ts­ tris yar. california, orange-yell ow temon menziesii var. davidsol'lii wedges LiliU1n Pa1' VU1n, purple Aconitu11~ co­ itself into the granite cracks. Potel1- lUl'llbian1f1n, blue DelphiNium scoplllo- t1lla f1'~£cticosa, which, lower down 1'U11~ var. gIMlc1.t1n, strawberry-red the mountain-side forms a little shrub, C astilleia mi11iata" Lupim£s supe1'bus is here pressed close by wind and is and L. l a.tifoli~ls, GentiMIa calycosa also di scouraged from rising by the and G. holo petala. (an annual) and constant nibbling of deer. Its lovely many potentillas, asters, arnicas and yellow fl owers ri se hardly hi gh enough hypericums. to attract notice. Each Life Zone has its own charac­ Where moraines terminate and the teristic wild fl ower gardens, just as moi sture from beneath their jumbled it has ltS representative trees and houlders makes diminutive meadows birds. Northward the same fl oral pic­ closed in on both sides hy sheer bluffs, tures naturally occur at lower alti­ damp-loving plants congregate in the tudes than they do in the southern .eTass. Ge1diana holopetala, which at portion of the Sierras. The plant lower altitudes makes husky plants conscious mountain-goer soon acq ui res fourteen inches tall, in these exposed an awareness which estimates hi s ex­ spots becomes nothing but a single pectancies and enables him to gauge deep purple crocus-like fl ower on a the flora by the altitude and vice one or two inch stem. Alpine laurel versa. The scree gardens of the upper (Kalmia. polifolia) is one of its com­ talus slopes and granite cliffs, the pani ons, with terminal tufts of up­ tree fringed mountain meadows, the ri ght leaves, gray beneath and green shady needle-covered pine slopes and shading to red on the surface and the open mountain side, each cl aims deep rose flowers. its distinctive occupants and has its T wo beauti ful heaths fill in the own picturesque attraction. places where blue-gray granite boul­ The harsher the elements. the ders and gray fall en logs give sharp closer, lower and sometimes softer the contours to the mountain heights and plant mats. Many of them seem so the humus of old ,;yood is mixed wi th soft and fragile that they look better sharp talus rock and the decaved fitted to quiet sheltered places. Yet needles of Pimls albicauhs. Here thev here they choose to dwell. On high wander over log and rock and Jl1 ould­ wind-blown crests of 11 ,000 and 12,- fi ll crev ice and form huge wind and 000 feet altitude, Alpine will ow (Sa­ sun beaten stands. Phyllodoce buwe1'i li:!: petro phila) with downy leaves of sends up bright green six inch stems silver and barely an inch tall, creeps well clothed with needle-like leaves, among stone chi ps or finds places al1110st every stem capped by a clus­ where moraine seepage has encouraged ter of dark rose-pink flowers. Cas- Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 7

Casfanopsis sempervirens on gra11ife slope

siope 1ne1'fensia chooses for the most salverform flowers in beautiful shades part the northern exposures and has of scarlet, salmon and pink, shades a' prostrate spreading mannt.r of which blend well with the gray-green growth with upturned stems thickly foliage. In this Life Zone also little covered with scale-like leaves. The sedums (S. stenop.etal1t'ln and S, ob­ more prominent of the stems carry fj,(.wtl,b'i'n) follow the rocky crevices o'ne to several white bells nodding and form dense clumps and here si l­ fr0111 stiff little upright fl ower-stalks. ver-l eaved Zausc hJ1 eria. t01ne·n.tella re­ At an altitude of about 9,000 feet, joices in similar locations, where it two pentste1110n s share the rocky out­ gives pl entifully of its vivid scarlet crops. P. newberryi suggests a large tu bular blossoms. form of P . 11Iellziesii var. davidsonii Beautiful as these wild fl ower pic­ and there is a pleasing harmony be­ tures are, the 111 0untain meadows have tween the pa tel gray-green of its a charm and an endearing q\1ality foliage and the cl ear soft bright pink that few other· natural fl ower scenes bloo111s. The fl owers of P. bridgesii can equal. At all times of the year, are scarlet and the plant taller. In even at their driest they keep their this same Life Zone but 011 sunny fascination and unfailingly call forth slopes at the edge of pine woods, one's admiration and lo\'e. From 7,000 Cilia aggregata coloni zes, frequently feet up they are for 111 0 t of the in the company of hlue Lill II III lewisii summer 111 0nths a mass of color, the and red castilleia . This two foot fl owers becoming smaller and more perennial gilia is a striking plant with hrilliant a the altitude increa es. In 8 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan. , 1932 the damper places the coarser plants are upstanding funnels of faint laven­ rule supreme. The Sierra shooting der. Each lobe is green-dotted and star, D od ecatheon jejJ1'eyi and its decorated on the reverse with wide fragrant-leaved vari ety 1'edolens, al­ green-brown stri pes which show most two feet tall, arnicas, tall asters through on the inside of the fl ower. and eri gerons, heleniums, larkspurs P enstemon confe1'tus var. caenbleo­ and potentillas struggle for suprem­ purpU1'e$tS is a gem of the hi gh mead­ acy. W here lower growth lessens ows and covers ac res with dense competiti on, P edicu.lan.i groenlandica growth and whorled bloom of vivid and D odecatheon alpinus put in an ap­ purple. Another meadow treasure is pearance and tiny yellow M i111,uhts Aster andersonii, without doubt one pri1n$tloides joins low massed violets of the best of all dwarf asters. N ar­ and swarms up over the old trees that row of leaf, large of fl ower, bright have been offered up by the God of of eye, it stands erect, six inches tall, Lightning to do garden duty on these one lavender bloom to a stem. Many sunny meadows where they melt into of these smaller plants peep from the the cushi oned softness. These old shelter of Vacci1Vi'um occiden.tale, the logs provide many a delightful flow er mountain huckleberry and near them bed and few intimate mountain sights are the beautiful large round crinkled hold more loveliness than a colony of leaves of white-fl owered Caltha bi­ this tiny mimulus early in the morn­ flo m, California's only marsh-mari­ ing when the dew is still imprisoned gold. and gli stening in the hairy leaves and Most of the fl ower species men­ minature mountain meadow frogs. ti oned here have long since been in­ the exact bright green of the leaves, troduced into English gardens where leap about among the numberless they are cherished with an intelligent small yell ow fl owers. O ne of the choicest bl ooms of these care insuring gratifying res ults. But alpine meadows is Genhana newberry?:. how seldom do we find our nati onal It forms low rosettes and sends out treasures in the gardens of their own creeping prostrate stems which turn country and how few of our wide­ upward at the ends, presenting on awake citi zens even know of their each a single fl ower cluster. These existence. Notes On Saxifraga L

By FLoRENs DEBEvOIsE

For many years, gardeners in this rule which might be highly successful country have looked to other coun­ in Great Britain might result in fail­ tries for patterns in their garden mak­ ure here. ing. Imitations of English, French, The Northwestern coastal territory Spanish and Italian prototypes are of the United States more nearly ap­ found scattered with monotonolls proximates the climate of England, sameness throughout the United profiting from the beneficial results States. This was true also of the of ocean currents while the eastern rock garden until a few years ago states have a typ"ical continental cli­ when this form of gardening began mate with greater summer heat and to develop along individual lines, the winter cold. London lies ten degrees result very largely of the taste of the farther north than Connecticut, which owner and of the topography of the would cause the sun's rays to be plot of land to be developed. From much less intense there for which this beginning the development of the reason, one should not c6mpare re­ rock garden ·in America has gone on sults even when the mean temperature in rapid strides, due probably to the is the same, since the drying effect of fact that originality in the creation of the sun's heat is felt much more the garden has fullest sway, no two acutely here. being similar in construction or plant­ It should be remembered also that ing, to the fact that almost any plot the rainfall in the two countries is of ground, no matter how small may quite different, and that these can not have a bit of mountain scenery, or t~ be compared simply in terms of ac­ the fact that alpine plants possess an tual precipitation. In some parts of individuality, beauty and charm utterly England the actual rainfall is less different from all other types of than in our own country and yet flowering plants. there are far more rainy days and The difficulties encountered in rais­ plants that do not succeed here unless ing alpines in the eastern part of the the natural rainfall is supplimented, United States are traceable to two do perfectly well since they are never causes. The gardener fails to make subjected to periods of sudden dry­ a thorough study of the soils and ing. The reverse is also true since situations in which these plants flour­ many plants that are tender in Eng­ ish in their native environments in land for lack of proper ripening with­ order to reproduce them here or to stand greater extremes of tempera­ modi fy them to meet the altered ture with us since they have properly climatic conditions. Again, he fol­ prepared for the winter. In general, lows too closely the instructions on plants that are recommended for full cultivation given in the many splen­ sun in England will do quite well in did English books on the subject, for­ partial shade, those calling for semi­ getting that these methods were de­ shade, should be given full shade vised for English gardens and that a here. This rule I have found safe to [91 10 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1932

1. Horace McFarland Co.

S axif'raga viTgi11iensis J an., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 1l

J. Horace McFarland Co.

London 'p1'ide- Sazifraga ~mlbrosa 12 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1932

1. Horace McFarlQ.1ul Co .

Saxifmga, Elliott's Silver Va1'i et,:y follow with the single exception of between the coniferous trees and the those plants that have a furry texture glacial zone, or from about 7,000 to the leaf surface, plants which may feet to 11,000 feet elevation, a few be planted in full sun in almost any species climbing as high as 14,000 open situation. feet and many descending to much The most beautiful species of vege­ lower levels. In the Central and tati on in the Alps occur in the region Western Alps many species occur at Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 13

I. Horace McFa,rla.nd Co.

Saxifraga and?'ewsvi

greater elevations than in the Eastern flowers, the rapidity of their seasonal Alps, due perhaps to the more in­ development and growth, and the tense light radiation on the western amazing extent of their root systems. side. Nature has given many of them close The main characteristics of alpine tufted forms, wide-spreading mats, plant are their low habits of growth, curious rosettes, growing close to the their large and brilliantly colored ground probably as a protection from 14 THE NATIONAL HORT ICULTURAL :MAGAZI NE J an., 1932

1. H ora ce M cFarland Co.

S a.1:if1'aga decipiens

the weight of the winter snows and earth and stones, keeping the tops the viol ence of summer winds, and to warm while the roots drink deep of receive the f ull benefit of the warmth the melting snows below ground. of the sun's rays that is not inter­ T here are many possible cultural cepted by the thin mountain air but di visions of the plants that go to is stored up and rad iated again by the make up alpine fl ora. O ne has al- Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 15

J. Horace McFa'rland Co ,

Sa :~ifraga wrdifolia-now Be1'gellia c01'difolia 16 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1932 ready been noted, that great group group. Their nomenclature is by no of plants with hairy or si lky leaves, a means settled. Botanists are still at protection lha~ conserves thei r water work, attempting to decide if some supplies and reduces transpiration. of the sections should not be sepa­ Species belonging to this group have rated and made into genera by them­ found a common place in our rock selves and to see what are true spe­ gardens and usually are not difficult cies and what may be natural hybrids. of cultivation if given a sunny loca­ These studies are complicated even tion where there is a decided slope to more by the fact that soil and situa­ the soil surface to prevent the re­ tion seem to play some part in chang­ mainder of excess moisture about ing or modi fying the external charac­ their crowns or leaves. This question ters. The accompanying illustrations of good drainage, however, is charac­ give some idea of the various types teristic in the cultivati on of all al­ of plant and fl ower habit that one may p1l1es. find, including here for the sake of The great family of the saxifrages discussion the familiar old S a.xij1'(i!,ga which are to be the special subject cordifolia which has recently been of these notes do not belong in this taken away from the genus and put group but have for the most part into the genus Be1'genia. It is strange smooth leaves of many styles, shapes and unfortunate that more of these and sizes, some of them curiously charming plants are not grown in marked with limy encrustations, American rock gardens for often the which give the name to that section genus is not represented or else is of the family. Since they are found shown only by the rather common in their several forms all about the Sa.xifraga Macnabiana and S. aizoon. Northern Hemisphere it is to be ex­ Many gardeners consider them diffi­ pected that they will show many forms and habits. This is so marked cult subjects and indeed they disap­ in fact, that the botanists have di­ pear rapidly if their requirements are vided the genus into about thirteen not considered, but given the proper sections, more or less clearly marked situation and care, they thrive and with characteristic forms for each in crease amazingly. Nymphea, Pink Pead

Water .. Lily Hybridizing

By ROBERT T. VAN TRESS

There is no more fascinating Edwards Whitaker and N. Mrs. hobby for the water-lily enthusiast George H. Pring. The history of than the hybridizing of water-lilies. these hybrids is quite interesting. In It is a field of absorbing interest for 1912 a pink-flowered hybrid was ob­ one who has the time and patience to tained by intercrossing two light pink devote to it, and there is always the races of N. capensis var. zanziba1'ensis, anticipation of developing a lily ot and was called N. castaliifiom. real merit. The veteran Mr. James Shortly after this the Bureau of Gurney was one of the pioneers. In Plant Introduttion at Washington, 1902 he produced NywLphaea Frank D. c., introduced seeds of the white Trelease by crossing N. Devoniensis N. oval1folia from Africa. They were with N. Omarana. This lily still ranks successfully germinated by Mr. E. T . as one of the best of the red tropical Harvey of Cincinnati who sends seed night-blooming lilies. The Missouri to the Missouri Botanical Garden. Botanical Garden has introduced sev­ These seeds were grown in 1915, eral noteworthy water-lilies, among and two years later a cross was made which the best known are N. Mrs. between N. ovahfolia and N . casta- [17J 18 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL IvIAGAZI NE Jan., 1932 liiflora. The resulting lavender-blue defects or reversal of form. None hybrid was named N . Mrs. Edwards being found the hybrid was named Whitaker and is a popular variety in 1930. today. The new lily, N. Mrs. W. R. The best pure white, tropical, day­ James, has oli ve green leaves, brown­ blooming lily, N . Mrs. G. H. Pring, ish red below, sinuses overlapping at was introduced in 1922 as the result the base, margin sinulate, leaves 1-1- of a cross between N. ovalifolia and to 16 inches wide and 15 to 17 inches N. Mrs. Edwards Whitaker. Previous long. The flowers are a beautiful to that the only pure white tropical shade of rose-purple with deep rose day-bloomer had been N. f1avo -'1.'il'cns, pink sepals, (Ridgway's Color Stand­ a small-flowered species from Mexico. ards) 10 to 12 inches in diameter. The new hybrid bore flowers 8 to 10 borne on a leaning stem 5 to 6 inches inches in diameter, and produced above the water. Petals average 26 plenty of fertile seed, a factor of to 32, and 2 to 3 flovv'ers are open at great importance in later hybridi zin g. the same time. This is a strikingly This year four new hybrid water­ gorgeous variety and is always the lilies were disseminated from Gar­ center of attraction. first because the field Park, Chicago, Illinois. a the flower does not fade, and second. be­ result of experiments carried on over cause of the manner in which the a period of nine years. These new flower is borne. lilies have created a sensation and Another highly successful cro surpass anything on the market at was obtained in 1926 usino- X. casta­ present. fiiflo1'a as the tal1linate ~arent and N. Mrs. G. H. Pring as the pistillate N. Mrs. W. R. James is the result parent. A 11 of the seed Ii ncr \\'ere N. b of a cross between Mrs. Edwards either pink or blue, the blue probably Whitaker and N. castaliiflora in 1922. deri ved from N. Mr . E. \Yhitake; Seeds from this cross were sown in one of the parents of "". Mrs. G. H. October 1922 and successfully germi­ Pring. All the seedlings ,,'ere nUlll­ nated. The hybrid produced pink bered, and during 1927 and 1928 the flower with folicapsule contain ~ c1 to 28 and the flowers are 9 to 12 plenty of seed which germinated well. inches in diameter. The seedling were planted in 1926 Leaves are oli ve OTeen mottled and bore flowers 10 to 14 inches in with li ght brown, reddish bro\,,"11 un­ diameter of a deep pink color. There derneath, sinuses overlappin a at base . . b ' was no mi staking the quali ty of this margm Irregularly crenate. 16 inches lily. The foll owing three years the a . wide by 18 inches lonb O utstandincrh plants were closely observed fo r any d ue to t 1le erect stems which carry Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 19

Nymphaea, Gov. Louis L. E 111,e1'son 18 THE NATIONAL H ORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE J an., 1932

liiftora. The res ulting lavender-blue defects or reversal of form. None hybrid was named N . Mrs. E dwards being found the hybrid was named Whitaker and is a popular variety in 1930. today . The new lily, N. Mrs. W. R. The best pure white, tropical, day­ James, has oli ve green leaves, brown­ blooming lily, N. Mrs. G. H. Pring, ish red below, sinuses overlapping at was introduced in 1922 as the result the base, margin sinulate, leaves 14 of a cross between N . ovalifolia and to 16 inches wide and 15 to 17 inches N . Mrs. E dwards Whitaker. Previous long. The fl owers are a beauti f ul to that the only pure white tropical shade of rose-purple with deep rose day-bloomer had been N . flaVO-7!i1'CnS, pink sepals, (Ridgway's Color Stand­ a small-flowered species from Mexico. ards) 10 to 12 inches in diameter. The new hybrid bore fl owers 8 to 10 borne on a leaning stem 5 to 6 inches inches in diameter, and produced above the water. Petals average 26 pl enty of fertile seed, a factor of to 32, and 2 to 3 fl owers are open at great importance in later hybridizin g. the same time. This is a strikin1:>O" l_v This year four new hybrid water­ gorgeous variety and is always the lilies were di sseminated from Gar­ center of attraction, first because the fi eld Park, Chicago, Illinois, as the fl ower does not fade, and second, be­ result of experiments carried on over cause of the manner in which the a pe ri od of nine years. These new fl ower is borne. li lies have created a sensation and A nother hi ghly successful cross surpass anything on the market at ,,:,.as obtained in 1926 using N . casta­ present. lnftora as the staminate parent and Mrs. G. H. P ring as the pi still ate N . Mrs. W. R. James is the result N. of a cross between N. Mrs. E dwards parent. All of the seedlings were Whitaker and N. castaliift 01"a in 1922. either pink or blue, the blue probably Seeds from this cross were sown in derived from N . M rs. E. \ i\,1 hitaker October 1922 and successfully germi­ one of the parents of N . M rs. G. H: nated. The hybrid produced pink P ring. All the seedlings were num­ fl owers with foli qg'e rese1111' lin g' N . bered, and during 1927 and 1928 the Mrs. E dwards Whitaker hut with a best were selected and grown on. slightly smaller fl ower. They were, In 1930 three of thi s lot were however, deeper pink than N. casta­ selected for superi or qualities and l iift om, and appeared ve ry promi sing. named. N. Governor Loui s L. E m­ erson was the la ntest in size o-ra)r- In 1923 and 1924 th e fl owers ' . ~ '1:> Ish vlO let blue with pale blue sepals showed an increase in size, so in 1925 ( Ridgway's Color Standards) carried thi s pink seedling was recrossed with on an erect stem 10 to 15 i ncll ("0 one of the parent plants, N. castalii­ above the water. Petals average 24 flora. The seed capsul e contai n ~ d to 28 and the fl owers are 9 to 12 plenty of seed whi ch germinated well. inches in diameter . The seedling were planted in 1926 . Leaves are oli ve green mottled and bore fl owers 10 to 14 inches in WIth ll ght brown, reddish brown un­ di ameter of a deep pink color. There derne.ath: sinuses overlapping at base, was no mi staking the quality of this m~rg 111 Irregul arly crenate, 16 inches lily. The following three years the wId e by 18 inches long. OutstandinO" plants were cl osely observed for any due to the erect stems which carr~ Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 19

Nymphaea, Gov. Louis L. Emerson 20 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1932 the flowers to a height of 12 to 15 the removal of the stamens from the inches above the water. female parent to prevent self-fertil­ N . Pink Pearl, which is really the ization. The former is easily accom­ gem of the entire collection, cannot plished by enclosing the flowers to be be praised too highly. It is the most used in a muslin bag, thus preventing prolific bloomer in cultivation today, foreign pollen from affecting the bearing 12 to 20 buds, 5 to 10 of which cross. are open at the same time. The color of This work should be done the lat­ the petals is of singular beauty, tips are ter part of August, since few of the rose pink grading into Rosolane pink pods will mature their seeds in the and white at the base (Ridgway's Color early part of summer. Standards) white sepals turning yellow The male or staminate parents with age and pink tipped. This re­ must be selected two days before the naarkable color is retained as long as pistillate or female parent is ready to the flow er lasts, and is unlike any lily be pollinated. It should be covered on the market. The petals average 28 with a muslin bag large enough to to 32 in number carried on an erect permit the enclosed fl ower to open stem, rising 8 to 12 inches above the fully. On the second day after open­ water. ing the anthers split and liberate the The leaves are oval in shape, green pollen. The best method is to cut off above and brownish red beneath, the flower and take it indoors. After margin slightly undulate, 7 to 8 removing the bag, shake the pollen on inches wide, and 8 to 10 inches long. to a small glass plate or dish. The fl owers are only 6 to 8 inches in On the first day that the fl ower of diameter, but exceedingly fragrant, the female parent is open all the sta­ making this an ideal plant for small mens must be removed and the petals pools and especially so for tub cul­ neatly cut off. The stigmatic cup in ture. For the small home owner, or the center will be filled with a sweet the man with limited facilities who fluid, which indicates that the stigma has room for only one lily, Pink is receptive. On the following day. Pearl cannot be surpassed. The third using a dry camel's hair brush, dust hybrid of this cross to be named the pollen into the stigmatic cup. was N. Chicago. The color of this Shortly after the fluid will be ab­ lily is a remarkably cl ear pink. with sorbed and the poIIen grains wiII re­ sepals a shade lighter. The fl owers main on the surface of the sti gma. are 8 to 9 inches in diameter, borne After this operation, the muslin bag on erect stems 8 to 12 inches above is replaced, and remains until seed is water. formed. Leaves are mottled with brown If the fertilization was successf\1l above, light green mottled with the ovary will begin to swell within carmine underneath, lobes overlapping 8 days. If not, the fl ower soon de­ at base, margin crenulate, 11 to 15 cays. It is a good policy to cut off inches wide, 15 to 17 inches long. several fl owers near the one polli­ The actual operations of hybridiza­ nated to insure an abundant food tion are comparatively simple, if the supply. following precautions are taken:­ The time required for seed to de­ First, the exclusion of insects from velop is usually three to fivf' weeks. the fl owe"s to be used, and second, When the stem on which the seed Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 21 capsule is borne begins to rot, re­ more r00111. After the young plants move the capsule to the greenhouse have produied three or four leaves, and place in a dish of water. After prick off into separate three inch pots. the capsule finally falls apart the The water in the tank should be 70 seed will sink to the bottom of the to 75 degrees. Let them grow as fast as possible and repot when neces­ dish. sary. Plenty of sunshine is essential Plant the seed as soon as possible for a vigorous plant, and above all, in a pan of convenient size, using never let a plant suffer from need of good garden loam and nothing else. shifting. The seed should be covered very After all danger of frost is past, lightly and the pan should be placed the lilies can be hardened off a little in the tank so that the top of the in cooler water and taken outside. soil is just above water. There will follow a period of keen Fresh seed will germinate in two antIcIpation until the first flower to three weeks. When the first thread­ blooms and the success of the cross is like, seed leaves appear, lower the observed. It will also pay to raise pan so that the soil will now be under plants from the seed of one year old water. As the seedling develops, hybrids, since some of the best results keep lowering the pot in order that appear in the second or third genera­ the plant will always be under water. tion. The greenhouse temperature should Different results are often obtained be 65 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit. by using one species as male and the When about two months old the other as the female and vice versa, seedling lilies will be large enough to for which reason a cross should al· transplant to another pan and given ways be attempted both ways. Gladys Miiller

Creating an "Antique Garden," Old Roses

By LILY LOGAN MORRILL

While I was worrying myself ill , "But how can I even start when I trying to decide what to do with a don't know a thing about old-fash­ ragged edge of this old place-Ennis­ ioned plants, nor how to look them corthy-I recalled that my four times up ?" I wondered, completely bewil­ great-grandmother, Martha Dani el dered, realizing I was facing a prob­ Logan, had written one of the earliest lem which could not be "muddled planting treatises in our South, The through. " Gardeners' Kalendar. The plant list given in the ancestral The thought of that ancestral "Kal­ Kalendar suggested itself at once ; endar" gave me an inspiration. Why followed by a reluctant memory that not smooth off those ragged edges our family's copy had been destroyed with a garden containing only those by fire during the Civil War. Of roses Mrs. George Logan might have course there sti ll remainded a partial planted in her day had she lived 111 edition in the Charleston (South Virginia instead of Carolina? Carolina) public libaray with mention [22] Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 23 of M rs. Logan's list in the South ered in late slpri ng w ith large purple Caroli na H istorical Magazine, Vol. l ~ lo s sol11s] Another J effe rsonian choice 15 (1 914), and again on page 124, without which no "antique" garden "Charleston, T he P lace and T he Peo­ wo uld be complete, is C alycanthus ple" (Macmill an ). by M rs. St. Jll l i ~ n flo1'1:dus with inconspicuous chocolate Ravenel. R ight here a teasing half­ bloo111s, but with an unrivaled fra­ memory refl ected almost within reach! grance. W here had I recently seen mention On the list with calycanthus and of that K alendar ? In our family paulownia (1791). Jefferson ordered record, of course, but where else­ his favori te roses: where- ? "Moss Provence, yell ow, rosa "Oh, I have it," I suddenl y con­ mUl1di . Large P rovence. T he month­ gratulated myself, "it was in Ali ce ly. T he whi te damask. T he princess. Morse Earl e's O ld T im e Gardens­ musk rose. Cinnamon rose. Thorn­ here it is on page fourteen." less rose. 3 of each, making in all From this moment on. my research 30." work was well begun. I foll owed with J efferson's "yellow" was probably the same author's "Sundials and the A ustrian yell ow. T he P rovence Roses of Yesterday," with parts of above is Rosa gallica (Linnaeus), Lady W arwick's A utobiography, and supposed by Johnson, editor of T he Garden Month by Month by Gerard, to date back to Roman days Mabel Cabot Sedgwick (Stokes). M v and P liny's "Rose of Praeneste." Of Bai ley's Cyclopedia and Britton and thi s same group is Rosa Mundi , Brown's Illustrated Flora were al­ similar to York and Lancaster, but most worn to ribbons. Meanwhile, I the latter is rarer and not nearly so searched in odd corners of my own prickly.2 library and found F loral E mblems by These species with Damask and Margaret Coxe, 1843, and a Botani sts' musk R . lIIoschata were known in the Calendar published by B . and T . sixteelith century. See Bailey, pp. White Fleet Street. L ondon, 1797. 2985, 2986 and 2989. A n oth ~r valuable help was Maeter­ R . 1'/l[Qschata has been so much linck's Old F ashioned F lowers (D odd, mixed with R. chi'lle'l/sis and R. gallica Mead & Co.). Meanwhile I almost that it is now hard to fi nd a pure lost my friends by torturing them specIm en. Roses called "musk" are with questions. Current magazines supplied their share of suggesti ons, 'For "mimosa," call ed by J eff erson "Julibri zin " see his papers, marked "Se­ culminating- in that pri celess article r ies 1," V~ 1. 2, No. 246, manuscr ipt divi­ "Plants of our Great-grandmother's sion Library of Cong ress. For Paulow­ D<2v" by E. H . IiV il son in last April's ni a 'call ed bv hi m "Carolina kidney bean wit'h purple flowers," see his plant li st in H O'US!! and Ga'rden. J efferson Papers, Massachysetts Hlston­ But why go so far afield when cal Society. Calycanthl's IS 111 same li st, Albemarle horticulture, as well as also in "Domestic Life," page 331. architecture, seem to center around 'Stephen F. Hamblin, Di rector, Lexing­ ton (Mass.) Botanic Ga rde n. from a shor t Thomas Jefferson ? In 1805 he intro­ article in Horticllltllre, entitled "York and duced our so-called "mimosa" -Albiz­ Lancaster Rose." Hamblin puts York and zia j ~~lib1'issi11 -and even earlier ( 1791) Lancaster into the Damask group. W ri te for rep rint of same author's "A Rose T est­ he was ordering an old Virginia fa­ ing Garden," f rom Landscape ArcJlltectll1'e. vorite tree, P au lowni.a tomentosa, cov- J uly, 1925 . 24 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1932

Gladys Mulle1' Sweet Briar often the Himalayan kind R. b"Un.on.ii bushes hard to date, until I find · that or one of the various hybrids. they were classified by Linnaeus. Some of the hybrids of musk and Happy thought! The Swedish botan­ China-the favorite noisettes-should ist necessarily made his lists between be classed as antiques, originating as the years 1717 and 1778, therefore I they did in Charleston, South Caro­ was safe in choosing as "antiques" lina, in 1816--raised first by John any roses in his classifications. Champney. (Bailey, page 2988.) But Under this heading, I put my Rosa the best-known of all, Marechal Neil alba (several varieties) and the cab­ was not produced until 1864. bage R. centifolia with its precious Jefferson' "monthly" was probably little offshoot, var. 1nuscosa-the. old the "Blush Monthly," his "Thorn­ pink moss, of which I have lovely less," the Boursault, his Cinnamon, specimcms at Enniscorthy. This is the old-fashioned hardy R. foecundis­ supposed to have appeared in Holland si111,a. (Bailey, page 2993.) This is in 1596 (Bobbink and Atkins). Rosa closely related to the readily obtained rubiginosa (sweetbriar) is also given Rosa rugosa (Thunberg, 1784). Most by Linnaeus. His pupil Thurnberg of the roses so far given can be found (1743 to 1828) lists the well-known today in Albemarle gardens. R . m~tltiflora) our darling little black­ In my own garden, I came upon berry rose-so often running wild in Jan., 1932 THE NAT IONAL HORTICU LTURAL MAGAZI NE 2S

Virginia. R . multiflora- variety plat,)J­ exceeding all else in lovliness, is my phylla-the familiar "Seven Sisters" Gold of Ophir- R osa fortunia11a or and origin of Crimson Rambler, is Fortune's double yellow, which is not really old in this country, havi ng salmon to red on the outside of petals. been brought from China in 182l. This is said by Mr. H amblin to be "one From this species were started many of the old est of climbing roses." My hybrids, especiall y with our nati ve R. sister has taken several "sli ps" which setigera. have covered her trellises in a few years. The best-known form of R. seti­ Both of the last-Green rose and gera--pralne Go ld o f r ose - I S Op hir­ B a It i more comin g as Belle, devel­ they do from oped by the C hi n a , F east Broth­ s h o uld b e ers of Mary­ a ll o w e d in land around th e cla ss 1836. with "a n­ The thir­ ti q u es." ties and for­ Chinese, too, ties of the is the "old last century blush" ( Par­ were active sons, 1796), periods for know n a1.so rose culture as B e ngal, and many of "pink daily" our so-called and " month­ "o ld" f a ­ ly cabbage." vorites date F r o m t his from about R. chinensis that time : we have the M a d a m e variety 1nin- P lantier and The G1'een Rose i1'J'1a - tiny Bon Silene, " f a ir y" both 1835. The tiny H ermosa, well roses, of which I possess several at represented in my garden, 1840, and Enniscorthy. Chromatella ( a noisette) , 1843. Com­ It sounds easy enough to speak of ing down to the fi fties, we find Gloire " discoveries" at Enniscorthy, but not de Di j on and my favorite of alI­ so easy was the actual work. But, Duchesse de Brabant, 1857. oh, the joys of di'scovery ! During my It was a great delight to find at excavati on, I am not only making out Enniscorthy many Duchesse roses an old rose "kalendar" for E nnis­ blooming from May to Christmas. corthy, but also continuing to smooth Another long-timer in my garden is out ragged edges in the garden. This the less lovely, but more quaint, R osa gives an unfini shed but deli cious feel­ chinensis- var. viridifl ora, with all ing that no matter how long and how green bl ossoms. hard I may work, there will always Appearing only in the spring, but be waiting-a new ragged edge. Santa Fe Gardens

By HELEN M. Fox

When we move to a new coun­ Many of the gardeners are growing t ry it takes us some time to become the plants they knew at home and it acclimatized, and therefore when we was a shock to me to find sweet peas, begin to garden, instead of using the which we generally associate with material we find in the woods and moisture and some shade, growing meadows, we generally attempt the lustily out in the high thin air where far more difficult task of trying to no clouds or mists temper the fierce­ grow the shrubs and perennials fa­ ness of the sun's rays. Of course all miliar to us in the old gardens we the Dlants have to be watered. almost left behind. constantly. Iris we would except, and Gardening in and around Santa Fe they do very well , as do hollyhocks. is still at the pioneer stage. Few na­ and dahli as (these are practically na­ tive plants grow on the high plateau tive as they originate from 1exico). 7,500 feet up in the air where it is In addition to these the sedums, chrys­ extremely dry with nights always anthemums, delphiniums, clove pinks, cold and the sun hot even in winter. violets and many annuals at present The finest of the wild fl owers tuck made up the gardener's palette. themselves along the river beds or up Among the imported shrubs, are in the mountains where there is mois­ the lilacs. tamarisks, black currants, ture and a little shade. In these fa­ some varieties of bamboo, and box. vored spots ' grow the famous pens­ One also finds the Rhus ciS1ll0nta17a, temons, thalictrums, aquilegias, sap­ a nati ve with scarlet berries and foli- phire blue gentians, lilies, mariposa aO'e like the EnCYlish hawthorne, which tulips, and many others. Also on the turns'" scarlet inb the fall. I should northern exposures or in narrow val­ think this plant would make a good leys one sees magnificent native hedge. The trees which do well are spruces, the tall pines, and everywhere the poplars, and cotton woods, both in sun or shade the grey leaved j uni­ turning a ruddy gold in the fall, the pers, and the dwarf p1l1es called lindens, Chinese elms, larches, and pin ons. These junipers grow fifteen of course the ubiquitous willows. Ap­ to twenty feet high and if sheared ples thrive as do pears and walnuts. would make magnificent material for and there is a handsome wild plum accents or foundation planting as with delicious and decorative tiny handsome as any Virginia box. orange frui ts. The clematis ramps Out in the sun grow the castilleias. over the trees in the woods and so sand verbenas, the chamiso (Chr'Yso­ does the Virgini a creeper. The vines th.a11,mus) handsome low bushes with imported are the silver lace vine. Eng­ gre:\'-green leaves, yell ow blossoms, li sh ivy, and the white and the yel­ and seeds like fluffs of transparent low jasmine. cotton, the artemisias, sages, cacti, There are two outstanding gardens yucca, coreopsis, gaill ardia, and others. in Santa Fe where native materi al is [26) J an., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 27

GG1'den of Mn David McComb

Landscape A1'Ch~· tecl - Wm . P. Henderson

combined with imported plants. E ach fo untain in the center and a wall of these has solved the problem of a fountain on one side, and the geome­ garden ami dst positively breath-taking trically arranged beds are bordered scenery in a different way. with lux uriant, clipped box. Mrs. David McComb has enclosed More cool green foli age in the hers with a thick adobe wall covered form of English ivy is festooned on with c .:: ment plaster matchi ng the the walls as are vines of silver lace, tawny pink of the hills, glimpsed over jas mine and wisteria. Pots of agapan­ the top of the wall. Beyond the walls thus, oleanders, and cacti are used are trees which partially shut out the with taste. Coming into this sophis­ view and give one a sense of aloo f­ ticated and well-prdered garden, from ness and seclusion. These trees are the brown plains whi ch seem to heave cottonwood, locust, box elder and like the waves of a sea, rimmed about tamarisk. The design of this little with mountains bright blue in the rectangul ar garden is of such classic blinding, scintillating light, one has perfection that it could be in any the sense of reli ef in being able to warmish country f rom Spain to Cali­ grasp and understand the situati on. fornia. The paths are paved with na­ Mrs. McComb has started a com­ tive pink sandstone, crushed and then mercial nursery where she is experi­ tamped to a hard surface. There is a mentin g in accl imati zing many kinds 28 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1932 of plants, and placing them in differ­ vines on the walls as the natives do ent exposure to see where they will not use them "for fear the adobe do best. She is trying out hawthorns would get too moist and melt!" Pots and rose bushes, robinias, some of were used and a pair of strawberry the cornels, symphoricarpus, the spi­ jars looked as if they too had gone reas, viburnums, and the cut-leaved native with a cactus plant growing elder. She is also working with vines out of each lip. The color of the of vari ous kinds especially with roses. walls and stones were so much a In time she will know exactly what part of world beyond the garden walls to grow in this section of the country that the little formal patterned gar­ in a very difficult situation and cli­ den seemed like a prayer rug before mate. the god-li ke magnificence of the view The other garden belongs to Dr. beyond. and Mrs. F. L. Proctor, who have For this section of the country the included the view as part of their good looking Mexican fl ower pots are scheme and have made their house appropriate and quite individual in and garden harmonize as much as shape and color. Also, in time, no possible with the landscape. They doubt copies will be made of t:J'\e have carried their knowiedge of Mexi­ handsomely shaped Indian grain jars, can and Indian antiquities from their some of which are now reposing in charming house out into the garden. the Museum. These would be more The house is built in what is called ori ginal and fitting for American gar­ the "Santa Fe" style of one storv dens than the everlasting reproduc­ and rambles along informall y. It rs tions of Italian jars good as these G:overed with a salmony-red adobe undoubtedly are. and the garden walls are also of this A goodly number of the furry grey­ material patted smooth by hand. The leaved plants of which the native fl ora walls follow the lines of the distant is chi efl y composed give a permanent hills, rising and falling in rhythm look to the garden which it would with them. The walks are of native never have if planted mainly with the stone and there is a Mexican dish for a bird bath. blue-green plants of rainier sections. The little garden is rectangular and When we see how charmingly the on two levels and the beds form a nati ve American plants can be used geometric design and seem to be a and how beauti ful so man)' of them continuation of the terrace. When are we cannot help wondreing why I . saw it in October it was aglow we Americans do not make more of wIth chrysanthemums, zinnias, specio­ our own fl ora. and why so many of sum lili es, carnations, petunias and our most beauti ful natives are hardly many other flowers. There are no grown in our own gardens at all? A SERIES OF ENGLISH ROCK GARDENS Photogmphs by R. A . Malby, Inc.

[29] 30 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1932

FOl'1'I'lal dry wall above; informal dr'j' wall alld 7'OC k slope below Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 31

Dr')l wall abM'e; calcareous roc/~y slope below

/' 32 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE Jan., 1932

T wo low t1'eat1'i'lents with b"oad h01'1:zontal 1'oc l~ ledges J an. , 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 33

Two low t1'eat11'!ents with a minimum of 1'ock visible Plant Notes From the New Jersey Pine Barrens

By BERNARD HARKNESS

One of the most easily accessible and pistillate flowers are on different regions of special botanical interest in plants and for ornamental purposes the East is the region of the New the staminate plant with its tufts of Jersey pine barrens, an elevated tract purple filaments and brown-purple of rolling country in Burlington and anthers is preferable. Cuttings taken Ocean counties. It is possible to make in the early fall root very readily in a collecting trip there from the vicin­ a greenhouse and selected plants of ity of New York in one day, though Corema may be propagated in this a longer stay in the Pine Barrens way. A light,' gritty soil made acid would be well repaid. The conspicu­ by peat moss or acid leaf mold and ous elements of the vegetation are well drained wi ll suit Corema best the dwarfed trees. The pines and though it is not as fussy as some of oaks of this region rarely grow over its companions. ten feet in height and many are The early attempts to establish gnarled and picturesque like the simi­ Pyxida:nthera ba1'bulata in England larly stunted trees at timberline. Here were not successful due mainly to in the barrens the stunting of the trees the fact that old and woody plants is due primarily to a stiff, impervious were shipped over. However a plant subsoil and a light, sandy surface soil sent from Delaware in the spring of which freezes deeply in winter and 1851 was received full of perfect dries out quickly in summer. flower by Sir W. J. Hooker, Director A scientist, Dr. John W. Harsh­ of K ew Gardens, and <.. drawing made berger, who studied this region, termed from it appeared in C~wtl: S' S Botan-i­ the formation of stunted trees and cal Magazine of July first, 1851. The low shrubs a coremal after a char­ whole period of flower and fruit de­ acteristic low shrub, C ore111a cOn1'adi. velopment of pyxie is accomplished in Coremal, then, becomes an ecologic about three months from March 10 term analogous to chaparral and chenJ­ to June 15. All who have seen it isal. The coremal offers a unique flowering in the barrens have been selection of plants to the gardener. . delighted with it. Old plants make All the plants described have been large mossy patches often over a foot successfully established, some of them across, green when under a protecting for several years, in Mr. Anton G. oak or pine but very bronzed when Hodenpyl's rock and wild garden at exposed to the sun. The flower buds Locust Valley, Long Island. are tinged pink or red opening out Corema con1'adi, the broom crow­ to white starry blossoms. One writer berry, is a handsome heather-like tells of a charming picture made by a plant, densely branching from one to blending of the pink clusters of the two feet high. Coloring of the leaves trailing arbutus with the sprays of varies from light green through dark pyxie in an area where they grew green to a rich· brown'. Staminate together. In the fall of both 1928 [34] Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 35

and 1929 we carefully lifted the references to it in recent English gar­ youngest plants of pyxie that we den magazines and it is doubtful if could find and we transplanted them it is well-known abroad. with plenty of the white sand in Another heather-like plant of the which they grew to the rock garden. barrens is Hudsonia ericoides which Several clumps have grown and spread really belongs to the rock rose family. out. We find that it appreciates a This will make as fine a mat as little protection such as the light C a,ll~£na vuiga1'is nana, though some­ shade of some sparse growths of what more bristly and in addition, in Hudsonia that were present in the May, the upper brancl1"~S are covered collected clump. A mixture of acid with bright yellow flowers. The plants peat moss, leaf mold, garden loam, on which I base this judgment were and stone chips, to which was added not under cultivation, but were found sand from the barrens, was the me­ along the Wiscons'in river in south­ dium in which it was placed. central Wisconsin. I believe that this Leiophyllu111, buxifolium, the sand plant will give a dwarf-heather effect myrtle, is a low dense evergreen, like in climates where C. vulgaris 11afJ1a is a miniature boxwood. Its shiny leaves prone to brown in patches. Of Hud­ will take on purplish tints when fully s01~ia tom,entosa not so much can be exposed to the sun. Its white flowers promised. It is a low plant, woolly appear in abundance from early May in appearance with yellow flowers in to early June. It can be used not late Mayor early June. It is apt to only as an evergreen in the rock gar­ be somewhat scraggly in growth. In den but to face down a broad-leaved both species the flowers are ' fleeting,' evergreen planting. leaving' the main value of each to rest The pine barrens produce. a gentian with its foliage. Both should be easily' that by its merits can be placed beside grown fr0111 cuttings but apparently any gentian, American or Asiatic. you will hav€ to go out to collect Though Gentiana porphyrio is very your stock plants. much unknown to rock gardens at ArenGlria caroliniana is a plant of present, it seems unlikely that it will the bare patches of white sand where remain so for long. First the plant is it find"s little competition except for a reliably perennial. One plant, or pos­ few grasses. It forms dense tufted sibly two close together, lifted in rosettes at the top of a long perpen­ 1929, produced eleven flowers this dicular root, so characteristic ' that it year. Secondly, it graces the rock has received a local name of long­ garden in late September and early root. Slender stalked branches to a October with its wide flaring flowers, height of two or three inches bear the the color an intense azure-blue with white flowers with greenish centers. delicate markings within. It is a truly The t'hin, long, flat leaves of Aletris choIce plant and deserving of a wide farinosa, like some Carex, will make use. Willian1 Bartram probably dis­ ~ variety in the picture if you are covered it first as he sent a drawing planting a coremal association in your to Edwards, the British naturalist who garden. The spike or mealy-appearing published it in his Gleanings of N atu­ white flowers resembles superficially ral History in 1758 under the title the spike of a spiranthes. It is a of "Autumnal Perenniar" Gentian of member of the lily family and, like the Desert." There are few, if any, some other denizens of the p1\1e 36 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1932 barrens, has strayed westward along The turkey's beard, X erophyllum the Great Lakes. asphodeloides, appears in the pine Chrysopsis mariana has been widely barrens though it .is · probably more used at Locust Valley than any other often thought of as a plant of the of the pine barren plants. It has Rocky Mountains. A gardener in Vine­ proved especially valuable in associa­ land, New Jersey reports in Garden tion with Aster ericoides to give late and Forest for November 12,' 1890 summer and fall color in beds of the successful transplanting into the Scotch heather. From early August garden of Xerophyllum. At Locust to early September its golden yell ow Valley the .plant has never blossomed flowers are abundantly produced. It but its long needle-shaped leaves are is apparently a short-lived perennial, persistent and might be very effective but it readily self-sows. The fluffy in a large rock garden. light tan seed heads are only slightly I am indebted to Mr. Meehan's less ornamental than the flowers. Ferns and Flowers of the United Though not at all confined to that States for an explanation of the region, Rhexia virginica is especially common name, studflower, given to· abundant in the sandy swamps of the R elonias bullata. Bullata is derived pine barrens. There it often appears from the Latin bulla, the name of in masses making a carpet of almost round nailheads or studded ornaments crimson color. Singly the flower is on castle doors and other objects, magenta varying somewhat in inten-' hence, Mr. Meehan suggested the sity. It spreads rapidly and should name studflowers; individual florets be used in broad masses by the shore of Helonias suggest the pattern of of a pond or stream where the soil the studded ornaments. Helonias IS is more or less moist. one of those exciting plants listed ·as Talinum teretifolium is included in rare and local in Gray's Manual. In tBis li st because it seems certain that the pine barrens it appears in the the plants that appeared in the gar­ swamps that border the streams trav­ den came in with . a clump of pine­ ersing the region. The flower stalks barren gentian, ' despite the fact that rise from a mass of large, glossy it doesn't seem to be included in the evergreen leaves to the height of one floras of the region. Although not as or two feet with a dense raceme of showy as Talinum calycimtm from reddish-purple flowers in early spring. the middle west, it is an interesting This plant is not hard to establish plant to have in the garden. The leaves in a shaded damp place. are short and thick and portulaca-like. A perusal of the manuals of the The dainty rose-pink flowers, flecked region disclose3 three more plants with golden anthers, seem to float on characteristic of the region that would the branched, wiry stems. Their grace seem to be worth while searching out is evanescent, though, for theirs is a to bring into the garden. Lophiola matinee appearance only, . from two aurea with a wooly inflorescence· o'clock until four or thereabouts. The would be an interesting companion to, performance is continuous, however, Helonias. Asclepias la1'lceolata with on pleasant days throughout the sum­ bright orange hoods and a red corolla mer: The plants do not seem to be should be a gay milkweed, As for reliably perennial, but seedlings will Schizae pusilla, th(' .curly grass, it abound. (Conti1H:ed O}, page 50) I nula e17 sifolia

A SERIES OF ROCK GARDEN PORTRAITS

By K. J OSEFSKI

BOTAN IC GARDEN, DAHLEM, BERLIN, GERMANY

[See page 66 ]

[37 ] 38 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1932

Glob·ularia co1'difolia (above); Anthe111is aizoon (belo'w) Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTIeUL TURAL MAGAZINE 39

Aste1' a,lpinus (above); Wahlenbergia bosnaicus (below) 40 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1932

Vnlc1'ial'la tripter-is (abm/e); AlysSU71'1 11'Ioiltalllt711 (belo~c) Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 41

Dr')las octapetala (above); M ottlua petraea (below) 42 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1932

Aethione11"la grandifiom The Idealist in the Garden

Curiosity is one of the most val­ of a place but so far with no other uable assets of a gardener's make­ res ult save that they always germi­ up. One almost might say that it is nate and then surely but slowly come the earmark of the true gardener. It to an untimely end. Sometimes they, spurs him on to read about plants the young plants, have dried out ; that are unknown to him and then sometimes they have damped off . impels him to try to grow them that Several ti mes I have been able to he may see for himself just what carry them through the summer but they are like and know at fi rst hand whether I carefully covered them or whether or not he likes them. H e covered them not at all , the next reads through a catalog and a name spring knew them not. But I have intrigues him. P erusing a book, some kept on trying. T he summer of 1930 mere mention of a plant starts his brought a new Ameri can catalog to curiosity and nothing will satisfy him me and as I read through the con­ until he has that plant growing in his tents I suddenly found myoid love garden where he can f orm his own was f or sale here in Ameri ca, and opinion of it. Sometimes it is a long real live corms at that. But it was and glowing description that starts listed under the awful name of L apey­ him on the trail of a plant ; or per­ ro '~£sia-th e r e is no music in that name haps there is so little that it whets and even though Bail ey so li sts it in his passion to know more ; but often hi s cyclopedia I hope that it is only a it is the mere mention of the name wornout synonym now and that Lindley that stimulates his wonder, that ap­ was right in calling it A'i70111atheca. peals to his imagination. When the corms came early in the There is a magic in names, both in autumn I planted them a full five their sound and in the sight of them inches deep in the hottest ledge of the in print, that is independent of asso­ rock garden. Bowles spoke of them ciation. The witchery of the name in hi s garden as growing in semi­ stays with one and enthralls one until shade but I had tried that several after years of waiting perhaps one times with the seed and I remem­ comes upon it li sted in some catalog bered that with him h is tec tO I'U111, and it is like meeting an old fri end will only bloom in semi-shade whereas after a long separation. Such a name with me it luxuriates in full sun; was A 17. o111.a.theca cruenta to me-and then too the plant is native to the still is. Bowles' meager mention of Transvaal and all A frica to my simple this plant in one of his three garden mind means heat· so such a situation books started me on its trail but it seemed fit for them. Long before was several years before I found seed frost came they were up and worry­ listed in Thompson & Morgan's cata­ ing me. I tried to make them com­ log. I could hardly wai t, being an fortable with a covering of ivy sprays impatient human, until the seed ar­ and holl y twigs at Christmas time and rived and had been planted. That was carefully pinned the protection down six years ago; and every spring since lest the winds of winter scatter it but I have sown its seeds in every sort to no avail. [43] 44 THE NATIO TAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1932

Spring came but the foliage of the a fin e spraying Flax-bush with bigger, anomatheca was scant and sere and blue-white fl owers, darkened at the sickly; eventually it withered away eye, and delightfully abundant through leaving my label as a tombstone mark­ summer." That was enough; the quest in g hopes deferred again. One day in was on and seed finally procured. August I noticed some green spears This time I have more to boast of coming through the soil and my heart for I have now seen it in blossom for leaped fo r joy; but A ugust was a the last three summers and will not terrible month this last year with no willingly be without it. I have sent rain and the steady downpour of a it out into the world in several direc­ torrid sun so that the next time I saw tions and everywhere that it has gone the garden after two weeks of ab­ it has met with enthusiastic praise. sence showed nothing, not even the I may say this much more; harboring dead brown leaves and I wept over a the delusion that it would not be second cleath. Late in November I hardy in southern New Jersey I wantecl space for some sun-lov ing pulled up the plants that first season plants from Texas and attacked the after the first heavy frost. The next ledge where the anomathecas were spring there were scores of lusty buried. As I prepared the place, seedlings near where the old plants much to my surprise, I found strong had been and by the first part of June healthy corms, much larger than those they were in full bloom. That autumn I had planted, that were just begin­ only such plants as were in the way ning to send out roots. While it is of other things were pulled up and much too soon to glory in my attain­ everyone which was left li ved through ment-for I may have not yet at­ the winter and started to fl ower in tained-there is a reasonable assur­ mid-May. It transplants well for I ance that the corms have tried to have moved blooming plants from one acclimati ze themselves. But whether garden to another 'in mid-summer and so or not I shall keep on trying until this past year sent some foot hi gh I do manage to make them happy, seedlings which were ready to fl ower for, I am not one of those gardeners out to a friend in Illinois in early who, believing in the rule of three. June hardly expecti ng them to pull tries a thing for three times only. through but everyone did and was in The reason I speak of them here and blossom before they were in their before I can glow over my success new home more than a month. I is that I hope some of our members have tried to gather seed of it but may have grown this plant and will am never able to find any. write in full detail just how to 0TOW My mind has a peculiar twi st which it. I refused to be daunted b/ the makes the plant-name Linaria a word statement that it is not hardy north to conjure with. I must confess tq of Washington. being so depraved in my tastes as to Another name to lure ITle on was love the common yellow toad-flax, the Nie1'embeTgia fTutescens. Several years Butter-and-Eggs of childhood days. ago while skimming throtwh F arrer's If only my garden were larger that I "~nglish Rock Garden" myo eye caught could devote an out-of-the-way corner thIS name and I was held by it. All to it and all of its "weedy" foreign ~ha.t tl~ ~ t noble plant-lover says about cousins I would be extremely happy It IS, N . fn£tescens, which suggests and am surf that something quite Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 45

fine would evolve from some of their It is altogether a thing to take one's mixed marriages. But, alas, with my heart and demand adoration always. cramped space I have to weed out It is a cross between the aforesaid every Linaria vulga1'is that strays into alpina and antica1'ia-a species of my domain lest it obtain a footing which I know nothing-and is listed and smother rarer plants. Perhaps as a perennial; however I took no because of this harsh treatment of Its chances and saved seed. I was late cousin, L. alpina refuses to like me in getting my foreign seed planted . for longer than one flowering and this past spring so I can not say when seldom seeds itself as it does in other it would normally start to flower but gardens so that I am forced to get

maligned color, so much range that I brevifoliwm. I say I hope I still have hope that in this years sowing have it for I fear lest so lovely a I will have some of a truely violet thing may also inspire the adoration or purpl<." hue. You will find an ex­ of my enemies the slugs and so madly ceIrent cut of it in BaiJ.ey's Cyclopedia inspire them that they become willing and will see there that he says it is a to suffer the tortures of lacerated handsome and interesting plant seldom undersides, or whatever that part of seen in American gardens, and also them is called which creeps along the refers to it as an old-time favorite, ground, and they, so enfrenzied, ago­ old-time being before people had dis­ nize over the sharp and pointed stone covered magenta. To anyone who chips with which I have encircled the succumbs to my praise of this plant sedum for inches around, and devour I would advise starting the seed early the object of their affection and of in cold frame or in the house and mme. setting it out as early as possible in That I have at last obtained the a warm sunny spot that it may set true S. brevifoliU1'JIL I am sure for it about preparing to fl ower earlier than not only agrees with what my memory mine did. holds for me of those I saw in Eng­ Kirengeshoma pal1l1ata cast a glam­ land years ago and with Praeger's our over me the first time I saw the description of it but also because of name in Farrer's rock plant cyclopedia Mr. van Melle's assurance; for after and in spite of the fact that I knew seeing the carefulness and thorough­ I could never give it the cool moist ness with which he studied his plants site and the shade which it requires I am certain that nothing could come I persisted in trying seed which al­ from hi s garden that was not cor­ way came up and then always van­ rectly named. Such care deserves ished. Then I read the glowing de­ special commendation in an age when scription which A. T. Johnson gives so many nurseries seem to feel that of it in "A Garden in Wales" and my anything which is somewhat like the heart was sore for it but in my hot plant ordered is sent out in the hope garden there was no sati sfying the that the customer does not know the plant. Having read in this magazine difference. And how shall I ' attempt that Mr. van Melle had it growing to describe the little sedum? It is a in hi s garden and also because I had miniature edition of S. das')lphyll1£'1/t learned that he had the true S edu111, save that added to the bluish grey­ b?'evifoliu.111. among hi s treasures I de­ green of its tiny fat, round leaves and cided to make a pilgrimage to Pough­ stem is added a stronger bluish purple keepsie to satisfy my sight-craving in cast that also verges into a reddish regard to the Japanese and hoping to purple at times, the whole having a gain possession of the long lusted­ metallic sheen which is quite beyond after European. Then there was the my powers of description so that I chance that I might be able to see must end weakly by saying that it is the garden of the late Mr. Lown, that altogether lovely. I now have a series Mecca for all lovers of rock plants. of small sedu1l1s, all gotten under this Not least among the many benefits name, which range from the true spe­ which I derived from that journey cies through five degrees of difference was, and I bope still is, the final to what I am sure is S. album var. acquisition of the long-coveted Sedt£?'JIL b1'evifolium. Next ill size to the true Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 47

one is what I am almost sure is the does not measure up to their liking and type var. qUrinquefa1'i~tm; but as I also because I hear many owners of have never had the time to go into rock plants complain that they are its physical character with a copy of nnable to make a good complete pic­ R. L. Praeger's monograph on the ture yet they love the plants and genus in my hand I am only "reason­ want to grow them well, do I wish ably sure" about it. Some day I shall to champion the less popular, at least have to do it for I want very much at present, idea and encourage those to give a number over to the smaller who are, like myself, striving to grow members of the family which are the little creatures for sheer love of -growing in my garden and only hope the plants. that I shall be right in the nomen­ An example of the first type was dature. the garden of the late Mrs. Dobson, I said that there were many bene­ r think that I have the name right, fits which I derived from my Pough­ and a most delightful picture it made keepsie visit and not the least among on the sharply sloping north bank of was the lessons I learned about rock a gully through which a brook ran. plant growing and rock gardens in The southern side was heavily wooded ~eneral. For some years I have been with large 01<;1. trees and I was told gradually questioning the advisability that even in the hottest days in sum­ ·of striving for a landscape effect in mer a fresh cool ait came up from rock gardens; being more interested .the wooded brook-side ;;md over the in ' the plants and their flowers, or in rockgarden. The plantings were most­ other words in the detail rather than ly in large masses and the stones were in the mass effect. I have been slowly exceptionally well place<;l.; there was coming to the conclusion ;that it is a not a flaw that I could fi'nd except mistake to attempt to imitate nature that the individual plants were lost ~nd especially so in a small space. Of in forming the complete picture. As course there will always be the two the area was fully an acre the 'little types; those who will want to have plants easily sank int? minor impor­ the whole rock garden form a cmn­ trance; so much so that I did not plete picture and those who, being notice a small group of Cyclaw/;en pr{marily interested in the individual eu?'Opae~£11~ which was almost at my plants, will care little for a general feet until my attention was called to ·c·anvass preferring charming and un­ it. It was a charming whole but it related bits of lovely detail. At was the picture which came first and Poughkeepsie I was able to see ex­ the plants merely fitted into it. amples of both types on a large scale In the Lown garden it is the other and within a few hours and so able way round; the plants come first and to make comparisons while the irn­ form a series of. pictures. Here there pression was still fresh in my mind. was not any attempt at forming a Please bear in mind that I am not finished composition; raised stone­ -going to decry the former class be­ edged beds were made under the 'Cause I personally prefer the latter; shade of old apple and pear trees, 'surely in gardening there is room for beautiful gnarled old trees, wher­ all kinds of opinions. But because of ever the erst-while gardener had seen the fact that I hear so many people fit. One did not know that stones laugh at the scenic attempt when it were there, it was only the plants or 48 THE NATIONAL H ORTICU LTURAL MAGAZI NE ' Jan. , 1932 groups' of plants which one saw. -And by A. T. J ohnson. I take' it . for I liked that type far' better than the granted that you have already re.read other. I especially liked the way in .what P. J. van Melle wrote about it which perennial border merged into in the April number of last year; rock-plant bed and alpine plantings bearing in mind that no picture in blended into rose bank. One knew black and white can ever do it justice. that there was a beyond to each bed A t the risk of being monotonous I but after the first all inclusive glance must continue to dissertate upon the one forgot about that beyond in the type of garden where Clarence Lown il1lt erest of the immedi ate surround­ found happiness. In this kind of a ings while plant-picture lead into garden all sorts of ?lants may be plant-picture until one reached that grown and made to feel at home. For beyond-and then there was more with raised rock edges the alpines further on. It was like an ever re­ are taken care of while the larger ceding climax . And that is just what pl ants and shrubs and small trees a garden should be according to my whi ch are in the background of the fl ower-loving mind. It was not neces­ beds give their shade to screen the sary to call my attention to a plant little folk from broiling sun or blus­ for r was leading up to it myself, my tering winds while their roots ab­ attention was not striving to take in sorb excess moisture from the soil the whole but busy with each detail and so provide snug warm homes of it. And I seemed to feel the for tiny bulbs and plantlings which presence of its grey old gardener an d demand such co mfortabl e resting I knew that were he physically with places while dormant. Such a garden us we should have liked each other at is not planned by a method of rules', once which is the way with all kin­ of course it should be well thought dred plant-lovers. out before hand; but generally speak­ It was here that I saw the oldest ing it grows with the development of specimen of the kirengeshoma and the garden. Nature helps the loving fully realized that no matter how ga rd en~r and blends even unpropi­ many times I should try to grow this tious groupin gs in to pl easant pic­ lovely thing my garden could never tures in nine times out of ten. I have give it a home; fo r it demands a graduall y come to the conclusion that moist, cool, deep loam and full shade. such a type of garden may eventually r was, alas, much too early to see become our nati onal type because it it in its prime, if it could ever be is fl exible and adjustabl e to our ex­ said to reach such a state, ' and the tremes of sun and cold. buds we re only just formed and still Then too in such a garden the like small jade acorns but I will say plants have a chance to seek out their no more havin e- vowed never to write preferred environment in that they of any plant tllat r di d not know at will show by their manner of growth first hand and have growin g in my to and away from shade or damp ?wn pl ot of ground. So if you are just whi ch ki nd of position they like mterested in this piant you may read best. T o be more explicit: I first what F arrer has to say of it and then pl anted Phlox di7'a'ricata val' . Lapha- !f you want more you can look it up 117i-dear, patient ed itor PLEASE 111 that most delightful of recent leave the cap! (I know that it is garden books, "A Garden in W ales" an Americ::ln innovation popular at the Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 49 present time to destroy all trace of 11'l.one japonica the phlox persisted in the plant having a specific name in growing into the irises and would honor of a person; but as an idealist not make 'any effort to grow in the I crave the boon of having things opposite direction no matter how my own way both in my garden and much I tried to lure it on. At last in what I write. Beside, as far as I the truth dawned upon me and I know, the Vienna Code still adheres was forced to move the irises; now to the use of capitals in such specific the phlox forms a thick mat of stei11s names and I am so catholi c in my and every spring covers the earth mental processes that I see no reason to go contrary to the ruling of so with a blue carpet such as it never august a body. When I read Mr. did a yard or so further back. Bates' article on tulip species in the The next lesson I learned was the last issue I ·had to pause at each un­ value of shade, 'high shade, for the capitalized name to figure it all out; well being of alpines in our trying it was like reading a list of our na­ climate. The Lown garden as I have tional presidents and seeing their said before, was in an old orchard names in small letters-george wash­ and in no place did the sun beat down ington, john adams, thomas jefferson, upon the plants for longer periods etc. One may, of course become used than three or at the most four hours to anything; even a fashion of wear­ at a time, In the Dobson garden ing our neck-wear tied at the back there was a constantly moving of our necks-but one would never shadow from the great trees across like it. So again I plead for this the ravine. In the van Melle garden special favor; especially as our maga­ also I found this ever-moving checker zine is read more and more abroad board of sun and shade for while the where such things have their true owner had no old trees to provide it value.) he had planted mountain ash, crab­ To return to the manner in which apples and such other small and plants show the kind of situation and flowering trees for the comfort of his the soi l which they prefer. I planted plants. Gentiana acarulis which I have this phlox-I refuse to run the risk tried and tried in vain both in shade of the name being printed wrong­ and in sun was growing marvelously in what I thought to be exactly what here in that high shade where the sun it liked, a light shade and in a leaf only peeped at it from time to time mould soil. Here it did but indiffer­ during the day and mal'lY another ently well and persistently grew away rarer gentian was equally at home. from where it was planted into fuller Here many other plants were lusty sunshine and into a more limy soil and thriving which in my fully su~­ where his pumila seedlings were per­ exposed rock pile are having a hard fectly at home and soon it was striv­ time merely to' exist. I began to ing to crowd the little irises into ob­ make mental notes as to where I livion. In spite of repeated trans­ would squeeze in a small tree or two plantil1gs back to where I thought it in an endeavor to make my own belonged around the clumps of Ane- plants happier. A Book or Two

The Mode1'n N~wse1'Y. By Alex Laurie never seen or appreciated all that goes and L. C. Chadwick. The Macmil­ into the production of the excellent lan Company, New York, 1931. plants that arrive at his door. 494 pages, illustrated. $5.00. The Ga1'den H andbook. By Mary This is essentially a reference book R utherford J ay. H arper and Broth­ giving a careful survey of all recent ers, New York, 1931. 280 pages, jnvestigations related to nursery work, illustrated. $3.50. especiall y the phases related to prop­ This is a very compact and enter­ agation. taining handbook which gives a very The prelinainary chapters relate to brief review of the garden styles of the location, organi zation, and equip­ the world, with particular comment ment of a nursery, the major part on the elements of each style that de­ of the text to various discussions of serve attention ; a short discussion of propagation, and the closing chapters the various specialized treatments; t o nursery operation. T he discussions and a fin al section devoted to Ameri­ are necessarily brief on account of the can adaptations. This last section, extent of the field covered by the text which mi ght have brought most of in­ but the essentials are presented and are terest to the inquiring reader, suffe rs fortified by extensive bibli ographi c li sts. most from the very abbreviated treat­ While' the book is of particular interest ment. to the commercial nurseryman, it should There are several useful appendices be read with interest by every plants­ of plants for various places and pur­ man, including the amateur who has poses.

Plant Notes From the New Jersey Pine Barrens

(C011timled f1'011l page 36) would be interesting to grow this fern to each other and provides an essen­ having the narrowest of fronds near tial background for a study of the the equally local and rare hart's tongue region. "The P lants of Southern fern which has the broadest undivided New J ersey with Especial R eference frond. to the Flora of the P ine Barrens and For a study of this region two books the Gem"graphi c Distribution of the are of great value. "The Vegetation Species" by W itmer Stone (Trenton, of the New Jersey Pine Barrens; an 1911 ) supplies much of the histor y Ecological Investi gation" by J ohn W . of the exploration and discovery of H arshberger (Philadelphia, 1916), the plants of the region together with presents a great deal of interest con­ a good general account of the pine cerning the relationshi ps of the plants barrens. [50] The Gardener's Pocketbook

Clarence Lawn C ampanula gargamca

Those who cherish fond memories age, called hirsuta. Garganica did of that great garden in Poughkeepsie well all through the garden, especially may be pleased with these photo­ where it snuggled up to deeply em­ graphs of C. garganica, portenschla­ bedded tufa rocks. geana and t011~11I/.asiniana, made by the Of C. t0111.masiniana there were late Mr. Clarence Lown. Though a only a few clumps, which had been very successful photographer of plants, a long time accumulating. For it is he did not, in late years, take many a slow plant ;-slow to establish itself pictures, except of his most favored (i f, indeed, it does not die of in­ plants. Amongst those later pictures decision) and slow to increase. It is I found a good many of gentians, of slow, even, in <;oming into flower. It the ramondias, of Saxifraga fortunei, does not bloom until late July, when but of no plant more than of Ca11'~­ it makes a pretty picture, hung all panula garganica. over with long, pale-blue tubes. In The garden contained many forms point of rarity, it is a greater treasure of it-some lighter, some clearer or than gG1'ganica, but once we have one more free-flowering fhan others. good clump of it established, we will There was one called pallid(U-light probably continue to enthuse more blue, with shiny, dark-green foliage naturally over stars and bells than and another, with grayish, hairy fofi- over tubes. T011111'lasiniana, in so far [51] 52 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1932

Clatrence Lown C a111,panula t011'£11'Lasiniana

Cla1'ence Lown C ampawula portenschlageana as I have seen it, has not the beauty stems, hung with large, blue, rosy­ or grace of garganica. tinted bells, may be seen, hanging C. raddeana is a fine species to use down from the rocks. Even the basal in high places, where its flopping foliage-shiny, heart~shaped and long- Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 53

P. 1. van Melle Cam panula CoUina

P. 1. van Melle C a111,pal1·ula bellardi stalked, should be seen. Raddeana outside of that, pretty patches of spreads rapidly and with great con­ decorative foliage. viction, in any light soil. It wants to C. collina is a beautiful thing. Its roam and should not be wedged into foliage are mere tufts 0 f dark green tight places. The drooping stems are leaves, scarcely an inch high, increas­ up to 18 inches long. The plant forms, ing through far-reaching, underground 54 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1932 runners, once the plant is established. those of to'm'masiniana. The foliage Out of these low patches, late in May, of this plant, in the early growing rise erect stems, up to seven or eight stages, is more or less yellow-tinted, inches high, bearing handsome, nod­ like some aurea variety. It is a very ding, deep-blue bells - beautif~lly fine campanula, with wide bells, like fashioned and hung - not straIght glorified Carpatian Bells. It flowered down, but a-swing. This is one of this year about July 1. the loveliest campanulas I have grown P. J. VAN MELLE, thus far. It is in no way difficult, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. thriving well in any well-drained, gritty soil. Rhododendron atlanticu1n Rehder. C. bella1-di, says Farrer, "needs no (See page 55.) praise." Nor does it require un­ A place can be found in many gar­ qualified praise in gardens in these dens for a native azalea of dwarf parts. Yet, to its many graces and habit with fragrant, white flushed virtues-add the quality of fickleness. pink flowers with a blooming period It is at once the loveliest and the between Rhododendron 1'l'udifion£111, and most exasperating of the little cam­ Rhodode11dron viscosU1n. It was first panulas. It will flourish like a little described in 1917 by Ashe and named weed in the spring, only to wear it­ A zalea atlantica,. The photograph was self out in flowering, in July. It has taken June 11, 1931 at Stewarts­ a way of going off suddenly. One town, Pennsylvania near the nursery should, therefore, always have plenty of Mr. Joseph Gable, who has in­ of beUardi in the garden, so that al­ troduced the plant into the nursery ways some of it can be counted on trade. Some indication of its natural to survive. I find it best to dig up habitat can be seen in the photograph. certain patches I want surely to save, This plant grew on the edge of an after they have finished flowering, oak thicket and seems dwarfed by the and to transplant the little runners ostrich fern behind it. The atlantic into fresh soil. azalea is stoloniferous and in open, C. putloides intrudes upon the gar­ damp fields makes large clumps of den no more than a tight little sod plants about two feet high. Plants in of basal foliage, half-an-inch high, the woods grow up to four feet. which increases lustily, until, in June, There are variations in the flowers it sends up somewhat wiry, six-inch and in the leaves. The flowers are stems, topped with solitary, violet­ flushed pink or purple ; mature flow­ blue, silky, wide bells that nod of ers usually become white. The leaves their own weight and dangle on the may be bluish green or a normal breeze like poppies. Pulloides is a green. There is not apparent any cor­ perfectly good-natured campanula, relation between coloring of flowers easy to grow, sure to flower, and pe..r- and the color of the leaves. manent. The range of Rhododendron atla17 - C. stansfieldi, as photographed in ticum,/. as stated by Rehder is from Mr. Lown's garden, differs somewhat Delaware to South Carolina. In its from Farrer's description. It has southern range it is described by W. much of the qualities of t0111,11'ba.sini­ C. Coker as one of the most con­ ana. It is slow to increase, has long spicuous flowers of the damp flat leaves and makes clumps as tight as woods of the low coi.111try, often cov- Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE ss

J oseph Gable Rhododendron atlanticum

ering acres under old field or long For those of us who live in a hot, leaf pine and scenting the air for a dry climate, I feel that I cannot too long distance with a fragrance that is highly recommend the new dianthus, fa!" more pleasant than the much less Sweet Wivelsfield. A great deal has obvious odor of Azalea nudijfom. Its been written about this valuable new blooming season in that region is in perennial, but I wish to add my en­ April, the flowers appearing before dorsement of its good qualities. For the leaves or simultaneous with them. me it has proven that it is entitled However, in its northern range it to all the good things that have been blossoms in J line and that would be said about it. It seems to be abso­ its blooming season in northern gar­ lutely unaffected by any kind of dens. weather. A natural hybrid between Rl/Odo­ Another perennial that seems to be proof against weather, particularly den.dron atlal'ltic~£11't and Rhododell­ dron m tdiflonml. was discovered by heat and drought is one of the blue Mr. Gable and introduced to the nurs­ sages, Salvi-a pitche1'i, or, according ery trade as Azalea pemwylvallica. to "Standardized Plant Names," more properly "Sal'vi-a a:;urea grandiflO1'a." BERNARD HARKNESS. However, it IS usuall y listed by Jan., 1932 56 THE NATIONAL HORTICU LTURAL MAGAZINE dealers as "p-i lch e1'i." I do not know sweeping the ground with a spread how recent an introduction this is but of about 20 feet, its trunk straight I have not found it in catalogues until and tapering with no sign of a knee the last few years. It is well worth and the growth of the whole tree be­ growing for the color of its blossoms, in g that of an inverted cone. It is if nothing else, which are a most a wonderfully beautiful tree and looks heavenly blue. It is a late bloomer, as much at home as though it were commencing some time in August surrounded by the dark waters of a and continuing until frost. At this Cypress swamp. The Cypress is one writing ( October 23) after a li ght of the few conifers that is deciduous. frost, mine is still a mass of bloom. I SABEL B. BUSBEE. The individual fl ower is like S. azurea, Raleigh, N. C. but the color is many shades deeper. Narcissus, Dawson City. (See page I SABEL B. B -_-SBEE. 57. ) Raleigh, N . C. A mong the hosts of yellow trumpet daff odils that deli ght the spring there It is interesting to run across an are few sorts that combine more hap­ example of how plants are able to pil y the characteristics that make a adapt themselves to conditions totally good garden pl ant with those that di s­ different from those of their native tingui sh a good exhibition flower . habit. As we know the bald Cypress, The subj ect of this note, originated T a,z 0 diu 11'l, distichu11'l , is found only by Van Tubergen about 1922, is prob­ in deep swamps and on wet stream ably one of the fl owers of the future banks and bottom lands of the costal fo r it has the most robust habit and plains of the South Atlantic States produces its fl owers freely enough to and the Mississippi Valley region. suit any garden lover. In addition Here it develops what is known as they show a perfection and symmetry "knees," a broad fluted or buttressed of form that wi ll delight him even base, an enlargement of the trunk un­ more when he chooses hi s fl owers for der and at the water's edge. It is competiti on in the local show. The the common belief that the tree head is carried well up, the perianth breathes through these knees for the sits at a fi ne angle with the trumpet, benefit of its submerged roots, but the segments are overl apping and of there is no scientific proof of thi s. fin e form and texture and the color Despite the fact that this tree is a is cl ear and pure, not so deep as in native of the lowlands, transplanted the familiar King Alfred but deeper to dryer soil, cooler cl imate and than in the more familiar Emperor. higher altitude, it fl ourishes and de­ The breeding of the vari ety has velops into a fo rm quite different not been reported but apparently if from that which it assumes in the K ing Alfred is one of the parents. swamp lands. the other must have been as potent, U p in the mountains of North fo r this is not one of the intermin­ Carolina at an altitude of thirty six able se ri e that are slight variants hundred feet. one of these trees was from that sort. Apparently it is not planted many years ago. It has deri ved from Van W averen's Giant grown slowly and is now some 30 to either for its perianth is of a good 40 feet high, its lower branches self yell ow color that does not fade J an., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL IVlAGAZINE S7

Lilian A. Cllcrllsey (See page 56 ] Narcissus, Dawson. City 58 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1932 to the edges as do so many of that tion, it would rival its better known variety's progei1y. relative. Washington, D. C. There is every reason to believe that the species is entirely hardy since Lilium medeoloides Gray. (See page it comes from the northern and west­ 59.) ern parts of Korea, a land that has Hanson's lily has been a familiar furnished so many excellent plants for our American gardens. specIes 111 our gardens for many years delighting us every year with Washington, D. C. its robust stalks, its lush whorls of heavy foliage, the fat melon-shaped Iris sindpers. (See page 61.) flower buds and the reflexing flowers N at many iris of the Juno section of deep buff yellow with a light fleck­ find their way into American gardens ing of darker color. That it grows though of late one see more frequent well in open woodlands where it is mention of the late flowering and not too dry, has added to its value to rather robust his bucharica and occa­ gardens. On the other hand, the sional notes of his pe1'Sica one of the nearly related species, L. 1nedeoloides, parents of the present hybrid. In THE the wheel lily, has not been so much NATIONAL HORTICU LTURAL MAGAZINE grown or talked about though in for July, 1928. one may see how close many ways it is quite as personable to the ground this species flowers and a lily as the last. can estimate the influence of the taller Its name comes from the beauti­ growing his si11dja1'ensis the other fully whorled arrangement of the parent of the present hybrid. This leaves lower down on the stem. These latter parent grows to a height of are much narrower than those of about 10 inches and flowers somewhat Hanson's lily and marc pointed at later than Iris persica though much the tip, as well as being much more earlier than one expects to find such numerous in each whorl. The flower plants. Its color is quite different buds are less melon-shaped but other­ from that of the lovely bluish-sea­ wise of the same color as Hanson's green persica tending more to slaty lily and the open flower shows much lilac and dull violet. Its growth is the same characteristics save that the taller and more immediate for the color, in the plants grown here is flowers are borne in the axils of the much clearer and lighter in hue. leaves on clearly developed stalks, Planted on a gentle slope in heavy whereas in persica the flowers seem soil that had been lightened with to rise from the very soil between the plentiful supplies of leaf soil and barely visible leaf tips. The hybrid sand, this species has persisted much resembles persica rather than sind­ longer than a group of Hanson's lily jarellsis in coloring, but the latter nearby, that seems to resent the parent in growth and habit as can sunny exposure and drier root run. be seen clearly in the illustration, So far it has not shown much indica­ which shows a well established clump. tion of natural increase from young N ow that the species of tulips are bulbs forming along the base of the recel\TJng such attention from the flower stalk and has seeded rather ordinary gardener, it is to be hoped sparingly. Probably in a less sunny that some will also pay proper respect situation and with a more moist loca- to the dwarf iris of the Juno sec- Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 59

\ Lilian A. G71el'llSey [See page 58] The Wheel Lily-Lilhm/' 111.edeoloides 60 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE Jan., 1932 tion and to some of the species the gayety of the upper parts of the crocus, all of which may like to in­ rock garden, where it enjoys ordinary habit the same sunny and well drained rich so il in almost full sunlight. One's border. Indeed if the gardener be only regret is that there is no Rocky really cosmopolitan, he might even Mountain nursery from which one acid our nati ve calochortus to the col­ mi ght order a hundred bulbs to make lection and find another beauty even a decent colony. a {t ~ r the croClt S and iris, and most of Vhshington, D. C. the tulips have gone by. Washingtcn, D . C. Bryoph'j'lh£'111. tubiftorU1/l. Barv. (See page 65.) Alliu.1n reticulat1lm Fraser. (See page This most interesting succulent was 63.) brought in from Madagascar by Dr. There is probably some confusion Charles Swingle in 1928 together in the garden sources of this charm­ with other succulents from the region ing native oni on for two entirely dif­ and was first distributed under the ferent plants have come to the writer name Kalanchoe tllbiftora. under this name and a third has come Although many succul ents are this last fall whi ch may be the only known for their curi ous and strange correct one if one may judge by the appearance, this species can hold its very scanty texts given in the fl oras. own among old er sorts with its erect The subj ect of the present note, stems, clothed with narrow cylindrical illustrated in the photograph came leaves of strange pinkish greens from a collector in North Dakota dotted over with spots and stripes of which is not within the range of the dull brown and bearing at their tips species as reported but sin ce no in­ tiny buds that develop into miniature timation was given that the bulbs plants that drop off when they are of were gathered locall y, that may not a sIze and fill one's greenhouse furnish a clue. At any rate from the benche and walks with myriads of gardener's poin t of view it is an ex­ new plants. Meantime the plant is cellent small bulb that produces a rather lengthening its stalk and by January scanty foliage in early spring from is ready for fl owering. which ri se the ten to fourteen inch P lants vary somewhat from seed stalks with their small heads of but the color of the coroll a is usually fl owers, pearly white in bud, deep­ a warm pinkish orange. contrasting ening to rose as they open and wither. strongly with the calyx which is Seed is usually produced but in the rather li ghter in hue and tinted with years that the plant has li ved in this purple. The fl ower develop slowly garden there has been no sign of any and last rather 'well , even when cut bulbi Is nor of underground runners. from the plant which leads one to be­ If this species did not flower li eve that this plant would be even earlier than A . stellatum another spe­ more decorative for cut fl ower use ~ies from the same general region, than the fami li ar Br'yophyllu11! that is It would not be of importance, for sent up from Florida each winter. that so rt is much showier and forms Once possessed, nothing short of a- larger head of deeper cnlored freezing wiU destroy the plant. New fl owers. It comes, however, in late plants are constantly springing up May wh en its nodd ing heads add to and the old plants may be kept over Jan,,1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 61

Donald C. Men'itt [See page 58 ] Iris si'l1dpers 62 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1932 from season to season, but here at The plant is deciduous, very hardy least, they are much less vigorous and vigorous in its growth. It is prop­ the second season and break less well agated slowly by seed, by division from the crown of the old plant than and by cuttings of the one year wood some of the other species. in the usual fashion. Washington, D. C. The illustration shows the habit of the fruiting shoot but does not prop­ Aronia at?'opurpurea Brit. (See page erly show the brilliance of the color 69.) of the berries, which seem lighter in color value than they should, due in In the last issue was figured the part to the fact that the specimens common red-fruited aronia which from which the illustration was made. makes a striking contrast to the dark had leaves strongly tinted with the fruited sort of the present figure. U n­ bronze and russet of autumn provid­ like the last this sort makes a much ing an even greater contrast than is less compact bush of lesser height usual. and should be used rather where one 'Washington, D. C. wants a thicket like shrubbery than where one wishes a specimen bush. P,)wacalltha cre'llulata kans~£ensis Rehd. The leaves and flowers are not dis­ (See page 73 .) similar in general appearance and ripening, showing much the same sort The firethorns have been coming of autumn coloration but the flowers into their own in these later years are rather larger and more interesting although Laland's form of the Euro­ near by, though scarcely more showy pean species has been known and at a distance since they are the same loved for many years in this country ivory white color and have the same where it was hardy and abroad. The beautifully arranged circle of stamens other species are part of the treasure tipped with darker anthers. There is trove that has come to us from the also a rather faint but pleasant scent. southern parts of China, brought back Washington, D. C. by various plant explorers. While most of these Chinese species have been properly valued abroad, we have Vibu.?'num dilatatu11'b Thunb. (See been a little slow to discover them, page 71.) except on the Pacific Coast where Of all the oriental snowballs, this they grow to perfection. is perhaps the best for its fruits in The northern limits of their hardi­ autumn, for they are abundantly pro­ ness have not been absolutely deter­ duced and are o·f such a brilliant and mined and probably will not be for shining scarlet that they can be seen some years. Here all are hardy in f rom far. Like some of the other so far as tried and each has its par­ viburnums that have splelldid fruit, ticular merit with no special faults this species has rather indifferent save in the case of P. angustifolia flowers. They are the usual dull cream that seems singularly susceptible to color and have the too common fault Fire Blight with the result that it of a rather sickish odor. For this rarely keeps a decent looking bush. reason, the plant should never be This is to be regretted since it is a located too near to dwellings or gar­ lovely species with narrow leaves and den houses. rather orange-yellow colored fruits. Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 63

Lilian A. Guernsey [S ee page 60 ] T!V£ld Onion, Alliu7'll l'eticulatu.m 64 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1932

Its place may be taken, however, by winter, the leaves assume a deep pur­ som e of the yellow fruited forms of plish bronze color that adds to the roger siana that are less difficult. beauty of the plant and makes a Like all its fellows, this species pleasant contrast with the shining red makes a more or less irregular bush berries. with stiff erect shoots that reach a The fl owers though profuse enough height of eight or ten feet at maturity do not make a great show since they from whi ch branch the spiny lateral are of the typical dull white that twigs that bear the myriad fruits. As characteri zes so many rosaceous compared to Laland's firethorn, the shrubs, but the bush, wide spreading fruits of this species are small but in age, with a plantiful mass of they are so freely produced and of strong canes that ascend in graceful such a brilliant and poli shed scarlet curves bearing fl exible, curving lat­ that one does not think of their size. eral shoots is reason enough for its From the gardener's point of view, it use, even if it did not have the excel­ most resembles P. a emt.lata but is a lent evergreen foliage and the splen­ rather handsomer bush than that. di d cri mson berries. Like all its fellows also, it is a lit­ The species is variable, more in the tle slow in forming a good bush and shape and character of the leaves in coming into fruit. The first years than in other ways. A ll of the varie­ may see only a few straggling irregu­ ties are good and should be propa­ lar shoots but as the root system in­ gated by cuttings rather than by seeds creases, strong shoots ri se rapidly to since the latter will produce some their full height and once matured settle vari ation and an occasional plant in down to the business of an annual whi ch the fruits are inferior in both crop of berries. size and color. The most nearly re­ W ashi ngton, D. C. lated species, commonly grown is C. he111"ya17a whi ch is a much coarser C otoneaste1' salicif olia fi occosa. ( See plant and one that often forms a page 75.) rather straggling open bush or small There are evergreen cotoneasters tree which should be used only in and deciduous cotoneasters and in be­ the back of the border where it will tween a great horde of species that overtop its fellows. are evergreen in the South and shed \IVashington, D. C. their leaves conveni ently as they go north, much to the di sgust of their owners who had hoped for good ever­ Pru17'Us se1Tulata Lind!. O ri ental greens from these beautifully berried cherry. Variety Shogetsu. shrubs. As to what the northern Among the great number of Ja pa­ limit of evergreenness for this spe­ nese cherry varieties whi ch fall with- ci es may be, one can only guess. U n­ 111 the group of "double-flowered ~ i ke the semi-e."ergreen forms that go pink" there is one whi ch di sti ngui shes l11to the fall wIth a fin e coat of leaves itself clearly by two characteristi cs . only to lose them by March, this rep­ In the exqui site grace of its long­ resentative of the family keeps its stemmed loose fl ower clusters and the leaves into the fo ll owing year . when striking pale greenish yellow of the new ones are added to the short young foliage and leaf scales Sho­ spurs. During the coldest parts of getsu is as unique and poeti c as its Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 65

Lilian A . Guernsey [See page 60) 66 THE N ATION AL H ORTICULTU R AL MAGAZINE Jan., 1932 name which means literally, "moon ing nicely with the blush pink of the hanging low by a pine tree." cherry. While the tree generally is less than P AUL RUSSELL. \i\fashington, D. C. 12 feet high, the rather flat, wide­ spreading crown often exceeds 111 Dec. 24, 1931. width the height of the tree. The SIR: O ur magazine is so fi ne, and con­ deep-pink flow er buds are truncate, stantly improving not only in subject as are those of all of the more double matter but in illustrations, fin e paper cherries, and the green or pale brown­ and general excellence that I feel I ish sepals are coarsely serrate or at must tell you and perhaps encourage times nearly entire. Although the by my appreciation. color of the buds is decidedly deep I enj oy all except the technical ar­ ticles which are a little more than my pink, the fully opened fl owers are poor brain can quite absorb. pure white in the center with faintly T he letters are just what most of pinkish margin s. The large double, us need. W e had some really helpful long-stemmed. fl owers, up to 2 inches ones about a year ago. K eep that across with about 30 petals, hang in V irginia lady doing her stunt, please. In token of my appreciati on, I am loose clusters of three to six, making enclos ing one hundred dollars for a a pleasing variation from the more Life Membership. H oping our H or­ compact clusters of many of the other ticultural fl ag- may continue to wave Japanese cherries. From the center " proudly and valiantly," I am, of most of the fl owers protrudes a Cordially yours, green leafy pistil. It is interesting to (Signed) E MMA B OND SM ITH . note that the smaller fl owers bear a R ock Garden Notes [See photographs, strong resemblance to Engli sh daisies. page 37] . Shogetsu, in spite of its name, is It is sometime'S desirabl e to use coarser herbs at the base of a rock garden plant­ a rather late bloomer as compared ing and for such a spot, 111111a ens£fol£a is with other fl owering cherries. It is not a bad choice, producing large clumps as hardy as any of the double­ of sword-shaped leaves and fl owering stems up to eig hteen inches, covered with golden fl owered forms but is not yet very fl owers set off by their dark centers. well known in this country. O nly two Glob ll:laria cordifolia is not the tiniest of or three P acific Coast nurseries and its genus but makes an excell ent evergreen carpet that is dotted over in ea rly summer a like number in the E ast include with the sma ll heads of li ght g ray-blue Shogetsu in their catalogs. fl owers. It l·ikes a cool, rocky root run in a soil rich in humus. I f the low-growing habit of this Anthemi..s aizoon is a charming camomile vari ety does not lend itself sati sfac­ forming drooping mats of gray-green torily to a given planting scheme, it aromatic foli age over which are prod uced loose heads of white fl owers with creamy is possible that careful pruning and yell ow centers. staking of the young tree might in­ In the fi ne hi gh alpi ne turf of all the duce a higher trunk, so that one alps of the world you may find Aster alpin1l s w ith ·its cushions of na rrow leaves could walk beneath the fl ower-laden and erect stems bearing solitary fl owers of branches in spring. Since this vari ety vari ous hues of lilac and lavender. Wahlenbe1-g-ia. bosnaicm hides behind this blooms about the middle of the nar­ charming name a lovely campanula-like cissus season, it might well be planted plant that is well il1,ustrated in the photo­ in the perennial garden, with the yel­ graph with it,. slender prostrate shoots and crowded heads of lavender fl owers. low and white of the daff odils blend- Like and yet unlike the old fashioned Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 67

E. L. era.ndall [See page 64] Japanese Cherry, Shogetsu

(2/ 3 lIalll1'al size) va lerian or garden heliotrope is this species, One of the special beauties of the rock Valerialla tl'ipteris, probably not one of the garden in late June is lV! oltkia, petraea, a elect of the rock garden and yet not to be relative of the lithospermums that is mod­ scorned for its low masses of white flowers. erately hardy if kept well-drained in win­ There are many forms of Alyssum l>nOIl­ ter. It forms low spreading bushes up to tallll'II'! and the present picture was made eighteen in ches high covered with coarse from a clump known as A. t'ra17ssylvaniClI411. somewhat boragelike leaves and terminal L ike the rest of the yellow cresses it is a clusters of pure blue fl owers. plant that presents no difficulties to the Suggesting in a way the alyssums, the rock gardener. aethionemas belong in the same group but Another round-the-world, high alp'ine is have for the most part blue-green foliage, Dryas octapetala, which wi ll spread out its a more shrubby growth and fine heads of carpets of shrubby stems covered with thick white to rose pi'nk flowers. This species, and decorative leaves and sil ver white A. grandijlora, much confused in cultivation fl owers in season, while its roots run deep with A . cordifolia and its hybrids, is no into a soil composed of broken stone and excepti on to the famil y and prefers a limey peat. soi l and a sunny spot. The Illusive Ivy It is now over a year and a half from the same plant to so great an since the advisability of publishing extent that it is sometimes hard to in this magazine a series of illus­ believe they are from the same trated articles on the genus Hedera variety. was first discussed with the editor. If it were possible to import a full Having collected ivies for some years collection from some reliable English and having a dozen or so distinct nursery the difficulty of nomenclature forms the writer thought he had a could be straightened out. The next comparatively easy task before him. best plan seemed to appeal to botanic The plan was to give a drawing of gardens but little help was gained the leaf and of the growth with a from this source because none that I description of each of the species and got in touch with had collections of their varieties; at least such of those ivies. The next plan was to visit old which could be obtained in this coun­ and establi shed nurseries in my neigh­ try. borhood. Working along this line I As some of my ivi es had been ob­ found that W. A. Manda had had an tained from old gardens and without imported collection of some thirty odd names they had been checked with forms which he had got before the descriptions given in the Cyclopedia plant embargo cl osed down. But, alas. of American Horticulture and with the war had intervened and during Bean's Trees and Shrubs Hardy in that period of scarcity of trained the British Isles and I felt that they labor, names had been lost and the were correctly named. I had already stock of many varieties had died or found that the nomenclature was been sold. Should anyone who reads rather mixed as types li sted in one this happen to have been fortunate nursery differed vastly from those enough to have got ivy plants from sent out under the same name by an­ this source will he or she kindly write other. Also that the ivy is a most me and enclose leaves of same. illusive plant in that it sports so While talking with the Messrs. Rob­ much and yet rooted cuttings of the ert and Albert Manda I learned that sports do not always prove constant; Shirley Hibberd's book on the Ivy and that the soil and the moisture ob­ which was written in 1872 was still tainable by the roots affect cuttings obtainable. At this point I should [68] Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 69

Lilian A. GlIe1'llsey [See page 62] Aronia at1' Op~t1'purea 70 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1932 like to acknowledge the great help in tively moist, the second was planted striving to place the various varie­ below a low stone edging in almost ties, which I have received from these full sun but where water stood for two ardent horticulturali sts and also some time after every rain and the that received from the editor who third was grown on in a pot where it kindly sent me named sketches of was given regular and copious water­ the leaves of those spec imens which ing. The last two grew luxuriously were growing at K ew while he was until they approached the variety in E ngland last spring. gracilis both in leaf and inter-node When the Hibberd book fin all y ar­ while the first, that in the drier soil, rived I began to realize that the task has still retained its small leaf and was going to be far greater than I its rather short inter-node. It has had any idea it would be . Not only does slowly climbed up an old grape arbor this book give drawings which throw post until now that it has reached my former nomenclature of many of the top and is beginning to send out the sub-species into the wildest con­ stems which search for more support, fusion but the drawings of some of I hope that I may be able to obtain the commoner forms differ vastly it in an arborescent form. Up until from what we know under the same the last year its stems have hugged name here in A merica. A mid such tight to the square post and as the chaos it has been thought advisable lea ves li e fl at it is a pretty sight, a to appeal to the members of the soci­ square column of dark and gli stening ety for help ; and to gradually pub­ green ; but for the last year the new li sh articles as the nomenclature be­ growth has been larger, either be­ comes unraveled. If members who cause its roots are getting into a soil have pronounced forms, either under that has more humus in it or because name or without, will send me leaves it is approaching the "tree-form" for of same with the understanding that I have noti ced that when an ivy should such be different enough to draws near to the time of arbores­ study a cutting will be req uested, I cence the foliage often doubles and should greatly appreciate thi s help. even triples its size before the stems It may be well to reco rd some ob­ grow woody and the leaves change servati ons upon the growth of ivies shape. before going into the questions which This effect of increased moisture the drawing presents. The first thing upon the plant has been noticed time I found out about nature of the ivy and again. Most notably this last was the very great di ff erence that the winter when a year old plant of what amount of moisture in the soil had I thought to be H . h. var. scutifolia, upon it; causing so great an increase of Hibberd, upon being given excess in the size of the leaf and in the dis­ water turned out to be what is known tance between nodes as to co mpletely in A meri can trade as H. h.. var. change the appearance of the plant. cordata. The original plant from Years ago three cuttings were got which my "sc'Utifolia)) was a cutting from a very small leaved, dark green was growing in a seven inch pot with variety of whi ch I am still uncertain stems which hung down for over a as to the name; after they were r oo t ~ d yard ; the leaves were less than an one was planted in almost full shade inch long and the internodes were where the ground was only com para- extremely short ; but I noti ced that Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 71

Lilian A . GlI ernsey [See page 62 J Vib/;wnum dilatat L611tL i2 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1932

fI. h. . ? ShoWI??f deeres/ /J?(ln? / ell; 'o7JS

H b. Yar. 11l11l1!1lcr fmcec/ /rol7l J/i/;/Jerd cIS f!J'0Y!'11 Il? i )J;/el'/C4

I I l._~ ___----A J Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 73

Lilian A. G7/,emsey [See page 62 ] Kans$t Firetho1"lt, P'yracalltlia c1'el1ulata lW11sHensis 74 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Jan., 1932 the earth was quite dry and was told for it. Having growing space here that it was not heavily watered. in the northern part of New Jersey The next thing that I have learned wher(l I work and a garden in the is that all ivies will stand far more sandy neutral soil of the southern sun. th<1,n is usually given them and part of the state I can observe both a especially when a stone is over their heavy and a light soil's reaction on root or gives them some screen from plants and can see no difference. The the south. The rock garden treasures, main factor being the supply of conglo111,e1'ata and mini111a - as we water, which can be regulated. know it-are both thriving in my sun I have inferred before this that baked rock garden but growing more my troubles began when I got the slowly than in others where they book by Hibberd. In it he gives a have much more shade. Several other drawing of H ede1'a helix which I varieties which through the death of have traced to show how it differs in intervening trees get full sun are do­ shape of leaf from what we know as ing well but growing more slowing. the English Ivy and a glance at this When one remembers that the sun of drawing will show that the five lobes the southern part of New Jersey is of his drawing are much more sharply "most mighty hot" and that in all indented than in any English Ivy we cases it was a young plant which was have over here. The drawing above subjected to it, it will not seem illog­ his example shows a typical leaf of ical to claim that although the ivy is what I know as this plant and the a shade loving plant it is fully able drawing to the right shows the most to thrive in full sun. sharply cut leaf I could find of what From these two observations the I am reasonably sure is the variety conclusion was reached that small digitata although it differs from Hib­ leaved vining sorts might retain their berd's picture, it corresponds with tiny foliage and grow into gnarled his description; I give this form here quaint plants with woody stems, much to show that even in this form the on the order of the stem growth of lobes are not cut as in the leaf he c011,glow/,erata, if planted in sunny, shows. While I have shown an ex­ well drained situations. While it is tremely deep cut leaf, most of those too early to feel that this attempt has we see have a very obtuse angle between met with success the growth of one the lobes and the points of the lobes season shows that such will probably themselves are very nearly right angles be the result. I have several year­ in outline. For a while I thought that lil1gs which I moved to a dry bank we were growing a different plant en­ after a fatter soil had started them tirely; then I recalled that I had an to grow a larger foliage and in all impression of noticing all the ivies in cases the plants have gone back to France and England which I saw the better leafage; whether the stems during the war were similar to the will grow woody and congested only one shown. That was some years ago the future can tell. and I was not as much interested in As to the soil for the ivy I have the genus as I now am. I have come to the conclusion that it does asked several horticulturalists of Eng­ not demand a lime impregnated one as lish training about this variation and Shirley Hibberd thought it did nor one while assuring me that we have the rich in humus as most people provide true English Ivy upon being shown the Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 7S

I,ilian A . Guern sey [S ee page 64 ] C otoueaster salicif olia fioccosa 76 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE J an. , 1932 picture have all immediately declared right in the drawing. N ow let us it al so to be true. When their atten­ turn to Hibberd and read what he tion was called to the difference they has to say :-"lVlini11la, smallest leaved have all been silent for a moment ivy (syn. T aw'ica, Donemilense, and then made the same remark, P enns'ylvall'ica.) -A pretty and curi- " Y ou know it varies a lot." If any 0us little ivy, a counterpart in form one can supply a leaf which resembles of pedata, but the leaves attain only the drawing from Hibberd I should half the size of that variety, are less like to see it. In the meantime I am distinctly ve in ed, and in winter as­ wondering if the ivy in adapting it­ sume a deep, dull purplish brown self to a drier atmosphere than that colour. Though curious and pretty, of showery England has not fallen it is scarcely to be valu ed because of back upon an increased leaf area; if its strange winter colour-" and then this be true then most of the differ­ refers one to the illustration which I ences between the drawings in Hib­ have traced so as to render it ex­ berd and the leaves of what I have actly. You see where R ehder got the under the same name are explained. "purpli sh brown in winter." The But not so the case of H . h. var. vari ety pedata referred to above is a minima. The drawings at the lower form with a very long and narrow left of the sheet show this plant, nat­ central lobe very much like the bot­ ural size, as we know it ; the leaves, tom leaf in the tracing. Nicholson in hi s old Dictionary of Gardening are a dark, ri ch, glossy green, almost li sts the variety "done1'ailensis" and the shade of holly leaves, and the gives quite a delightful little cut of veins are rather a pale yell ow green it whi ch looks like the Hibberd plant not grey or white as in many of the and I find that among the sketches other ivies . Bean's description of it our editor sent me is one under this answers exactly: - "var. 111,ini111.a.­ name with the note :- Most variable ; The smallest of all ivies. Leaves weak grower ; as lobes are reduced in closely set on the shoot ; Y;; to 1 inch number they become wider. H e gives across, three lobed, the lobes triangu­ the length of the longest lea f as being lar." Very seldom have I seen many fi ve inches. Now this certainly can­ fi ve lobed leaves such as one of those not be 111in-i11W yet R ehder gives Hib­ I show. The subj ect of H edera in berd credit for naming it. Two ques­ covered in Bail ey's Cyclopedi a by ti ons arise in my mind; is it merely Alfred R ehder and in it he describes a questi on of a wrong name so that this form :-"var. mini111,a" Hibberd we will have to call 'I111'111;'ma something (var. done1'ailensis, H ort.). Lvs. else, I hope not for the name is small, 3-lobed or pedately 5-lobed, most fitting, or is what we now know with short and spreading basal lobes, as 1111:11.£11'/0. an arborescent form of dull purpli sh brown in winter." Very what Hibberd called 111i1'l1:11'l,a and is close to what we are after but there still li sted under its old er name of is no mention made of the short in­ donem :ilensis in the K ew gardens. ter-nodes and I have yet to see the This is another question upon which leaves "purplish brow n in winter." I hope to receive some help from But you notice that he gives H ib­ some reader of this paper. berd the credit of having given this form the varietal name and what ALF RED BAT ES, 30 Fulton Street, Hibberd so call ed is shown to the Newark, New J ersey. Jan., 1932 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 77

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