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Early Christian' Archaeology of Cumbria
Durham E-Theses A reassessment of the early Christian' archaeology of Cumbria O'Sullivan, Deirdre M. How to cite: O'Sullivan, Deirdre M. (1980) A reassessment of the early Christian' archaeology of Cumbria, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7869/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Deirdre M. O'Sullivan A reassessment of the Early Christian.' Archaeology of Cumbria ABSTRACT This thesis consists of a survey of events and materia culture in Cumbria for the period-between the withdrawal of Roman troops from Britain circa AD ^10, and the Viking settlement in Cumbria in the tenth century. An attempt has been made to view the archaeological data within the broad framework provided by environmental, historical and onomastic studies. Chapters 1-3 assess the current state of knowledge in these fields in Cumbria, and provide an introduction to the archaeological evidence, presented and discussed in Chapters ^--8, and set out in Appendices 5-10. -
Allerdale Borough Council Rural Settlement List
ALLERDALE BOROUGH COUNCIL RURAL SETTLEMENT LIST In accordance with Schedule 1 of the Local Government and Rating Act 1997 the following shall be the Rural Settlement List for the Borough of Allerdale. Rural Area Rural Settlement Above Derwent Braithwaite Thornthwaite Portinscale Newlands Stair Aikton Aikton Thornby Wiggonby Allerby & Oughterside Allerby Prospect Oughterside Allhallows Baggrow Fletchertown Allonby Allonby Aspatria Aspatria Bassenthwaite Bassenthwaite Bewaldeth & Snittlegarth Bewaldeth Snittlegarth Blennerhasset & Torpenhow Blennerhasset Torpenhow Blindbothel Blindbothel Mosser Blindcrake Blindcrake Redmain Boltons Boltongate Mealsgate Bolton Low Houses Borrowdale Borrowdale Grange Rosthwaite Bothel & Threapland Bothel Threapland Bowness Anthorn Bowness on Solway Port Carlisle Drumburgh Glasson Bridekirk Bridekirk Dovenby Tallentire Brigham Brigham Broughton Cross Bromfield Blencogo Bromfield Langrigg Broughton Great Broughton Little Broughton Broughton Moor Broughton Moor Buttermere Buttermere Caldbeck Caldbeck Hesket Newmarket Camerton Camerton Crosscanonby Crosscanonby Crosby Birkby Dean Dean Eaglesfield Branthwaite Pardshaw Deanscales Ullock Dearham Dearham Dundraw Dundraw Embleton Embleton Gilcrux Gilcrux Bullgill Great Clifton Great Clifton Greysouthen Greysouthen Hayton & Mealo Hayton Holme Abbey Abbeytown Holme East Waver Newton Arlosh Holme Low Causewayhead Calvo Seaville Holme St Cuthbert Mawbray Newtown Ireby & Uldale Ireby Uldale Aughertree Kirkbampton Kirkbampton Littlebampton Kirkbride Kirkbride Little Clifton -
Cumbria Classified Roads
Cumbria Classified (A,B & C) Roads - Published January 2021 • The list has been prepared using the available information from records compiled by the County Council and is correct to the best of our knowledge. It does not, however, constitute a definitive statement as to the status of any particular highway. • This is not a comprehensive list of the entire highway network in Cumbria although the majority of streets are included for information purposes. • The extent of the highway maintainable at public expense is not available on the list and can only be determined through the search process. • The List of Streets is a live record and is constantly being amended and updated. We update and republish it every 3 months. • Like many rural authorities, where some highways have no name at all, we usually record our information using a road numbering reference system. Street descriptors will be added to the list during the updating process along with any other missing information. • The list does not contain Recorded Public Rights of Way as shown on Cumbria County Council’s 1976 Definitive Map, nor does it contain streets that are privately maintained. • The list is property of Cumbria County Council and is only available to the public for viewing purposes and must not be copied or distributed. A (Principal) Roads STREET NAME/DESCRIPTION LOCALITY DISTRICT ROAD NUMBER Bowness-on-Windermere to A590T via Winster BOWNESS-ON-WINDERMERE SOUTH LAKELAND A5074 A591 to A593 South of Ambleside AMBLESIDE SOUTH LAKELAND A5075 A593 at Torver to A5092 via -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses A reassessment of the early Christian' archaeology of Cumbria O'Sullivan, Deirdre M. How to cite: O'Sullivan, Deirdre M. (1980) A reassessment of the early Christian' archaeology of Cumbria, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7869/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Deirdre M. O'Sullivan A reassessment of the Early Christian.' Archaeology of Cumbria ABSTRACT This thesis consists of a survey of events and materia culture in Cumbria for the period-between the withdrawal of Roman troops from Britain circa AD ^10, and the Viking settlement in Cumbria in the tenth century. An attempt has been made to view the archaeological data within the broad framework provided by environmental, historical and onomastic studies. Chapters 1-3 assess the current state of knowledge in these fields in Cumbria, and provide an introduction to the archaeological evidence, presented and discussed in Chapters ^--8, and set out in Appendices 5-10. -
2. the Prehistoric Period Resource Assessment (Pdf)
Chapter 2: Prehistoric Period Resource Assessment Chapter 2 Prehistoric Period Resource Assessment by John Hodgson and Mark Brennand With contributions by David Barrowclough, Tom Clare, Ron Cowell, Mark Edmonds, Helen Evans, Elisabeth Huckerby, Keith Matthews, Philip Miles, David Mullin, Michael Nevell, John Prag, Jamie Quartermaine and Nick Thorpe. PALAEOLITHIC AND MESOLITHIC juniper and willow scrub with a rich herbaceous flora. This was ultimately replaced by more open The Palaeolithic period represents a time span cover- grassland with less stable soil conditions. ing almost the last half million years (Fig 2.1). Early Environmental changes resulted in a general rise in material from the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic is sea-level as the ice cap melted, an increase in rainfall, uncommon on a national scale, and there are no and natural successions of woodland vegetation. In known sites from the North West. For a considerable the earliest phase of the Mesolithic, by c 7250 BC, the part of this time the region was inhospitable due to coastline of North West England lay at c -20m OD glaciation, although the warmer, interglacial and (Tooley 1974, 33). This produced a coastline drawn interstadial periods would have undoubtedly seen roughly along a line from just west of Anglesey to gatherers and hunters exploiting the area that now west of Walney Island in Morecambe Bay, forming a forms the region. The Late Upper Palaeolithic (c belt of now submerged land, more than 20 km wide 11,000 to 8000 BC) represents the final stages of the (Tooley 1985, Fig. 6.1). By c 5200 BC the sea level Devensian glaciation. -
Download Our Final Drought Plan 2018 Here
Where to find topics of interest West Cumbria • Historic droughts. Page 24 • West Cumbria Resource Zone drought triggers. Page 35 • West Cumbria drought options. Page 68 • West Cumbria Resource Zone drought permits/orders. Page 233 Windermere and Ullswater • Historic droughts. Page 24 • Ullswater drought permit. Page 201 • Windermere drought permits. Page 206 Pennine areas • Historic droughts. Page 24 • Drought permits/orders. Page 58 • Drought permit/order environmental studies. Page 73 • Integrated Resource Zone drought permits/orders. Page 182 North Wales • Agreements with other licenced water suppliers. Page 15 • Historic droughts. Page 24 • River Dee drought triggers. Page 31 • Lake Vyrnwy drought permit. Page 203 Customer water use restrictions • Demand side actions. Page 48 • Water use restrictions on customers. Page 102 • Demand side drought option forms. Page 173 Information for local authorities and emergency responders • Civil Contingencies Act. Page 12 • Liaison with other bodies. Page 66 • Notice for leakage repairs. Page 51 • Communication plan. Page 116 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Copyright © United Utilities Water Limited 2017 Page 2 of 256 Table of Contents 1 Executive summary ........................................................................................................................ 4 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. -
At a Meeting of the Ireby and Uldale Parish Council Held at Ireby W
IREBY AND ULDALE PARISH COUNCIL At the Meeting of Ireby and Uldale Parish Council held at the W.I. Hall, Ireby on Tuesday 5th November, 2019 commencing at 7.30 p.m. Present: E. Alexander K. Bridges F. Foster J.W. Hall G. Moore (Chair) Also Present: J. Rae (Clerk) 49 APOLOGIES FOR ABSENCE Apologies for absence were received from Cllrs R. Cockburn, S. Hey, A. Bowness Cumbria County Councillor and M. Grainger Allerdale Borough Councillor. 50 MINUTES – 3 SEPTEMBER 2019 The minutes of the meeting held on 3rd September, 2019 were agreed as a correct record and were signed by the Chairman. 51 DECLARATIONS OF INTEREST None. 52 POLICE REPORT PCSO K. Harris had provided a report advising that there had been no relevant incidents to report in the area since the last meeting. 53 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION No members of the public were present at the meeting. 54 MATTERS ARISING FROM THE MEETING 3 SEPTEMBER 2019 Following his co-option onto the parish council Cllr Hey had been provided with a copy of the Council’s Code of Conduct, Standing Orders and Financial Regulations. Cllrs Bridges and Hey are to liaise to arrange a suitable time to site the tubs around the villages. 55 FINANCE (a) The financial position at 31st October, 2019 was provided for Members information. Balances Business Current Account £11,615.24 Business Savings Account £ 5,389.45 Income Received: Allerdale Borough Council – Half Yearly Precept £3277.50 Messrs Hayton – Rent of Parish Land £ 28.00 (b) The following accounts were authorised for payment: Clerk - Refund Payment to ICO £ 40.00 Ireby WI Hall – Room Hire £ 48.00 J. -
International Passenger Survey, 2009
UK Data Archive Study Number 6255 -International Passenger Survey, 2009 Airline code Airline name Code /Au1 /Australia - dump code 50099 /Au2 /Austria - dump code 21099 /Ba /Barbados - dump code 70599 /Be1 /Belgium - dump code 05099 /Be2 /Benin - dump code 45099 /Br /Brazil - dump code 76199 /Ca /Canada - dump code 80099 /Ch /Chile - dump code 76499 /Co /Costa Rica - dump code 77199 /De /Denmark - dump code 12099 /Ei /Ei EIRE dump code 02190 /Fi /Finland - dump code 17099 /Fr /France - dump code 07099 /Ge /Germany - dump code 08099 /Gr /Greece - dump code 22099 /Gu /Guatemala - dump code 77399 /Ho /Honduras - dump code 77499 /Ic /Iceland - dump code 02099 /In /India - dump code 61099 /Ir /Irish Rep - dump code 02199 /Is /Israel - dump code 57099 /It /Italy - dump code 10099 /Ja /Japan - dump code 62099 /Ka /Kampuchea - dump code 65499 /Ke /Kenya - dump code 41099 /La /Latvia - dump code 31799 /Le /Lebanon - dump code 57499 /Lu /Luxembourg - dump code 06099 /Ma /Macedonia - dump code 27399 /Me /Mexico - dump code 76299 /Mo /Montenegro - dump code 27499 /NA /Nauru (Dump) 54099 /Ne1 /Netherlands - dump code 11099 /Ne2 /New Guinea - dump code 53099 /Ne3 /New Zealand - dump code 51099 /Ni /Nigeria - dump code 40299 /No /Norway - dump code 18099 /Pa /Pakistan - dump code 65099 /Pe /Peru - dump code 76899 /Po /Portugal - dump code 23099 /Ro /Romania - dump code 30199 /Ru /Russia - dump code 30999 /Sa /Saudi Arabia - dump code 57599 /Se /Serbia - dump code 27599 /Sl /Slovenia - dump code 27699 /So1 /Somalia - dump code 48199 /So2 /South Africa -
Election of Parish Councillors Statement As
Allerdale Borough Council ELECTION OF PARISH COUNCILLORS Thursday 02 May 2019 The following is a statement of the persons nominated for the election of ELEVEN Parish Councillors for the ABOVE DERWENT PARISH STATEMENT AS TO PERSONS NOMINATED The following persons have been nominated: Decision of Returning Officer Candidate's Other Name(s) Address Description that Nomination Paper is Surname invalid or other reason why a person nominated no longer stands nominated Riverside Braithwaite BOWLBY LESLEY Keswick Cumbria CA12 5ST Ullock Farm Portinscale COOK JOHN WILSON Keswick Cumbria CA12 5SP 5 Coledale Gardens DAVIES GEOFF Braithwaite Keswick CA12 5TR Derwent House RICHARD KEALEY Thornthwaite Keswick BERNARD CA12 5SA PEMBERTON- Fawe Park Portinscale MARIAN JOY PIGOTT Keswick CA12 5TY THOBURN DON Jenkin Hill Thornthwaite MARGARET THROP Keswick Cumbria CA12 VIVIENE 5SG The persons opposite whose names no entry is made in the last column have been and stand validly nominated. Dated: Thursday 04 April 2019 Andrew Seekings Returning Officer Allerdale House Workington CA14 3YJ Allerdale Borough Council ELECTION OF PARISH COUNCILLORS Thursday 02 May 2019 The following is a statement of the persons nominated for the election of TEN Parish Councillors for the AIKTON PARISH STATEMENT AS TO PERSONS NOMINATED The following persons have been nominated: Decision of Returning Officer Candidate's Other Name(s) Address Description that Nomination Paper is Surname invalid or other reason why a person nominated no longer stands nominated Swallows Barn Biglands BENSON ROBERT GRAHAM Wigton CA7 0PA Townend House Wiggonby COLLINS STUART DAVID Wigton Cumbria CA7 0JR Hayston House Gamelsby HOUSBY MELANIE Wigton Cumbria CA7 0NX KATHARINE MARY OLIVER SWAN RICHARDSON CATH Croft House Aikton Wigton THOMLINSON GORDON JOSEPH Cumbria CA7 0HY YOUNG SUSAN MARGARET The persons opposite whose names no entry is made in the last column have been and stand validly nominated. -
A Re- Evaluation of the Romano-British Period in Cumbria
Beyond native and invader: a re- evaluation of the Romano-British period in Cumbria J.A. Peacock PhD 2016 Beyond native and invader: a re- evaluation of the Romano-British period in Cumbria J.A. Peacock A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the University’s requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2016 University of Worcester The ‘native’ population in Roman Cumbria, the majority of whom are thought to have lived in farmsteads in the countryside beyond the civitas at Carlisle, forts, and vici, continues to be defined by its difference to the ‘invader’. This is not only a result of the nature of the artefactual record but of the history of research in the region which continues to influence the creation of archaeological narratives, with perhaps the most pervasive problem being a continuing reliance on analogies. Instead, by studying artefact assemblages from ‘native’ farmsteads on their own merits and taking a critical, self- reflective approach to their interpretation, it is possible to create a more dynamic model which posits that people and ‘things’ have the ability to move within and between two separate, yet co-dependent, ‘spheres’ of exchange. As expected, the process of analysis demonstrated that the material ‘fingerprints’ of pottery and glass assemblages are very different at farmsteads, forts, and vici in Cumbria. Existing narratives have tended to interpret this as either a result of the poverty or disinterest of the ‘native’, or that they were actively resisting the influence of the ‘invader’. However, by taking into account the form and function(s) of ‘things’, it can be argued that their selection was an active choice, and that this was influenced by a range of different social, cultural, and individual factors. -
Proposed 2 Wind Turbines
Allerdale Borough Council 2/2013/0037 Reference No: 2/2013/0037 Received: 08 January 2013 Proposed Proposed siting of 2 X 24.6m high (hub) wind turbines Development: Location: Snowhill Farm Caldbeck Wigton Applicant: Mr Maurice Smallwood Drawing N umbers: Draw No1.1 - Proposed Elevations Drawing no.1.2 - Site Location plan Drawing no.1.3 - Site Location Plan EWP50_F_001 Rev D- Foundation and Bolt Arrangement DR1 – Photographs/Photomontages/Wireframes DR2 - Design and Access Statement DR3 - Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment DR4 - Acoustic Data DR5 - Noise Performance Test DR6 - Wind Turbine Details AAH/1706/13PLA – Non Technical Summary AAH/1706/13PLA – Environmental Statement Constraints: Radon Assessment EN22 ASCA Area Policies: National Planning Policy Framework 3. Supporting a prosperous rural economy 10. Meeting the challenge of climate change, flooding and coastal change 11. Conserving and enhancing the natural environment 12. Conserving and enhancing the historic environment Planning Practice Guidance for Renewable and Low Carbon Energy July 2013 A ministerial statement by the Rt. Hon Eric Pickles MP was issued on 6/6/2013. The statement regards the planning reforms to make the planning process more accessible to communities giving local people the opportunity to influence decisions that affect their lives. The statement makes specific and direct reference to onshore turbine development and the view that decisions are not always reflecting the locally-led planning system. It is stated that action is required to deliver the balance expected within the NPPF and to ensure that protecting the local environment is properly considered alongside the broader issues of protecting the global environment. In this respect, the new planning guidance sets out clearly that: 1. -
3. the Romano-British Period Resource Assessment (Pdf)
Chapter 3: The Romano-British Period Resource Assessment Chapter 3 The Romano-British Period Resource Assessment by Rob Philpott With contributions by Bill Aldridge, Peter Carrington, Jill Collens, Peter Connelly, Brian Curzon, Jeremy Evans, Andrew Fielding, Nick Herepath, Bette Hopkins, Elizabeth Huckerby, Peter Iles, Ian Miller, Nigel Neil, Michael Nevell, Caron Newman, John Prag, Norman Redhead, Alan Richardson, David Shotter, Sue Stallibrass and John Zant. Introduction & Stallibrass 1995), the salt industry (Nevell & Field- ing 2005), and ceramics production and trade (eg There is an extensive literature on the Roman period Webster 1971; 1973; 1982; 1989; 1991; 1992; Evans in the North West and the large number of reports unpublished a, b, c). In addition, the North West and articles on individual sites reflects the long figures in a range of national thematic surveys, on tradition of fieldwork on Roman sites in the region. topics as diverse as Roman sculpture (Henig 2004; Until recently, however, this literature has reflected Coulston & Phillips 1988), military camps (Welfare & an overwhelming emphasis on the military aspects. Swan 1995), Roman coal use (Dearne & Branigan The high visibility of the Roman remains combined 1995), pottery production (Tyers 1996) and rural set- with the classical interests of early antiquaries en- tlement (Hingley 1989). sured that the Roman origins of several towns and cities in the North West were recognised from The Nature of the Evidence Leland and Camden (1586) onwards. Overall summa- ries of the Roman period in the North West include The seemingly relatively low level of material culture those of Shotter (1997; 2004), while county surveys and poor site visibility contribute to the lack of iden- include the useful though heavily out of date Roman tification of Roman period remains beyond the major Cheshire by Thompson (1965), and the Victoria military installations (Fig 3.1).