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THE RERESBYS OF THRYBERGH AND A.SHOVER, THE ORMESBYS OF SOUTH ORMESBY, AND· THE PULFORDS OF · CASTLE

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THE BARONS OF PULFORD.

NoTE.-Two hund·reil and fifty copiea printed, each of w1iick is numbered and signed. No 31

PREFACE. rrHIS record of a race of soldiers, whose arms were well known in battle and tournament throughout the middle ages, will justify its own existence to students of the early history of . I believe that a new and strong light can be thrown upon the origin and development of English institutions, by the study of a province which enjoyed Home Rule from the middle of the twelfth century until the reign of Henry the Eighth ; and with it the right to remain Norman in spirit and organization, to be divorced from national progress and popular reforms, and to b~ a perpetual danger and menace, first to the Crown, and then, after the Crown had absorbed it, to the liberties of . If our Norman Kings had not been forced to lean upon the~r English subjects for support against the baronage, if foreign disasters and the taxation they necessitated had not united baronage and people against the Crown, the whole country might have lingered with Cheshire in the twelfth century. Low and primitive types of institutions, as of plants or animals, are apt to survive in corners where they are protected from competition. The secret of the peculiar institutions of the county palatine, unguessed by Leycester, Ormerod, or , is that they were survivals. The Danish 'lawmen' still sat in the portmote of in the four­ teenth century; the county judgers, who in England were escaping from their office in 1131, were still performing it in Cheshire in the reign of Henry the Sixth, and their duties and status (at which Dr. Stubbs declares that it is ' dangerous even to guess ') are described in minute detail in earlier records. _The ' custom of Cheshire,' which sanctioned the decapitation before trial of robbers or burglars by the Sergeants of the Peace, had in the thirteenth century been common to the whole country, but was at that time falling into general discredit, owing to the diflicul~ of repairing an occasional mistake. In Cheshire the great hereditary offices of state did not suffer eclipse; but the justiciar avenged his disappointed ambition upon the sheriff, whom he ousted from the presidency over the shiremoot. The words 'baron ' and ' barony' still retained in 1218 their larger and looser meaning, though there is some evidence of an original distinction, in qua.lity as well a.s in quantity of tenure, between Hugh le Loup's twelve greater barons, and the remainder of his tenants in chief. Parliamentary and representative institutions followed an independent course of development. It seems to have escaped the notice of writers on constitutional history that Cheshire had a Magna Carta of its own in 1218; a curious echo, valuable for purposes of comparison, but still more for purposes of contrast. I have ventured in the course of my introduction to challenge the great authority of Dr. Stubbs and of Professor Freeman, and to give the outline of a new and revolutionary theory on the subject of English palatinates. The accepted view rests upon a single fact; Camden's statement that William the Conqueror gave the county of Chester to Hugh d' Avranches "to hold as freely by the sword as the King held England by the Crown-for such are the very words of the donation." I have found the document from which Camden quoted. These questions, too large to be argued in a. preface, I reserve for a separate book on the Normans in Cheshire. The notes and ext:racts from· the public records contained in the present volume have been made for me by Mr. Greenstreet, the most accurate and learned of record agents, but I am responsible for the extension of the abbreviations : copies of early charters and other MSS. in the British Museum have been mostly taken by myself, but in a few cases, by an expert, whose work I have corrected.

Reniskaw, July, 1889. INTRODUCTION. O nearly every reader of historical tastes the Memoirs of Sir John Reresby of Tthe latter half of the seventeenth century are well known, though the unique interest which th:ey possessed during the ninety years following their first publication in quarto and octavo in 1734, has now been eclipsed by the discovery of the diaries of Pepys and Evelyn. The Memoirs were not Sir John's only literary venture; his' Travels' on the continent during the tyranny of Crom­ well were published in 1812, and though the journal or 'particular' of the parliamentary debates which he was keeping in 1675 has unfortunately been lost, one of his letter books is in the Rawlinson collection in Bodley's Library, and his manuscript history of the Reresby family has found a resting place in the J3ritish Museum. This last work has never been printed or even noticed by any or Derbyshire historical society, and yet it is one of wider than merely local interest, for if I am not mistaken it is the earliest of the large class to which it belongs, which is something more than a mere catalogue of genealogical evidences, and is animated with an intelligent desire to illustrate the life and __ c_ustoms of the England which has passed away. The picturesque legend which still lingers round the shone cross at Thrybergh, the interesting personality of the writer, and the dramatic ruin and extinction of his family add to it a touch of romance, and were it edited together with a few documents, -to which ho had_ not access, and illustrated with Jae-similes of his pen and ink drawings, of glass, monuments, and furniture, we could not hope for a more complete and typical account of the fortunes of a knightly race throughout the middle ages. ii

Mr. Baring Gould, in his 'Lives of the ,' inclines to make St. Leonard of Thrybergh distinct from the more celebrated Sainb, and as his book is not always easy to meet with, I shall begin by a quotation from it. ' S. Leonard, of Reresby, (13th century) [anciently venerated at Tryberg, in 'Yorkshire. Authority:-" The Memoirs of Sir John Reresby, of Th:rybergh, 'Bart., M.P. fo:r York, A.D. 1634--1689. "] "Sir John _Reresby writes:-" A deed dated 1349 is the first that mentions the "altar of S. Leonard, the tutelar of Thrybergh, according to the custom "of Roman rites. Tradition will have him to have been one of the family of "Reresby, and conveys to us a long.story concerning him, the substance of which "is this :-That one Leonard de Reresby, serving his prince in the Holy War, was "taken prisoner by the Saracens. and there detained captive nearly seven years; "that his wife, according to the law of tl1e land, was towards being married to " another; that being apprehensive of this accident, by the powers of prayer he "was miraculously delivered, and insensibly conveyed with shackles and gyves "and fetters upon his limbs, and laid upon the East Hill in ThrybergField as "the bells tolled for his wife's second marriage, which her first husband's return " prevented ; though he presently died as soon as brought into the church, where "he desired to pay his first visit." · " I shall not undertake either to comment or extenuate upon the story, either "to make it more or less probable. Only this I must say, superstition gave such "credit either to this or like story,that anancientcrossremainstothis day upon "the f3ame East Hill, thoug~ defaced in late times, called S. T ,eonard's cross; the "church of Thryberg and the great boll are dedicated to S. Leonard, his picture " in chains and fetters was in the church window till late broken down ; and as "some will have it, his festival observed in the family on Whit-Sunday, and his "fetters preserved in the house, till my great-grandfather, Sir Thomas Reresby's "time, when in his absence they were converted into ploughshares by his wife;s " orders." ' There are several churches in the neighbourhood dedicated to S. Leonard, as 'Wortley and Ho:rbury, and it is remarkable that in the latter, and probably in ' the former also, the village feast, which is the old dedication festival, is observed 'on the same day as rrhryberg, viz., Whit-Sunday. A somewhat similar story is Ill

'told of the Lord of Eppe, near Laon. I-Io and his two brothers were taken 'prisoners by the Saracens. In his prison he converted a beautiful Mahometan 'maiden, and for her carved an image of the Blessed Virgin. They agreed to 'escape together to Europe, She anc1 the three brothers having got away with ' the image, hid in a wood. Heavy sleep came over them. "\Vhen they a woke 'they were at Eppe again. The girl was baptized by the Bishop of Laon, 'Bartholomew de Vir (1113-1151), and the image became famous as Notre Dame 'de Liesse. '* 'fo this account several particulars can be added which not only illustrate the worship of St. Leonard at Thrybergh, but tend to show that the Reresbys regarded him as their patron saint long before they gained a footing in Yorkshire. In the seventeenth century there was in the south window of Roton church [I-Iooton Roberts, which lies a mile and a half distant from Thrybergh, or Hooton Paynell a little further off] "the figure of a Ca.ptive with chains or shackles on one arm, with the Arms of Reresby, Gotham, and Plesley, quarterly, and lowest of all is subscribed "Orate pro bona statn Reul: de Reresby £fr." Here heraldry, as so often, supplies the missing date, and fixes the donor of the window as Ralph de Reresby, who died in 1466. On the 22nd February, 1415, William de Reresby, the eldest son of Sir Thomas, was admitted at Scar­ borough into the fraternity of St. Robert of Knaresborough "of the order of the Holy Trinity of the redemption of captives." By his will of the year 1384 Sir Thomas Reresby left 100 shillings to provide a new covering for the high altar of St. Leonard at Thrybergh. In 1349 Thomas, son of Alan de Thriberge, gave "Summo Altari Beati Leonardi in eoclesia de Thriberge illam placeam prati quam habui ex dono Radulphi de Reresby." But even before the Reresbys gained Thrybergh they can be connected with the worship of St. Leonard. Amongst the hundreds of charters which the cartulary of Kirkstead recites, there is one only which mentions the chapel of St. Leonard in the , anc.1 that was made in about the year 1200 by Robert de Snelleslunc1, and witnessed by his inseparable companion ancl probable first cousin, Ysore de Reresby. By it a certain annual rent was entailed upon the chapel in such a manner that upon St. Leonard's day the In:oney was to be expended by tl1e prior for the use

* From the Rev. S. Baring-Gould's "Tho lives of the Saints." Second Edition, 1877. November Volume p-166, . IV of the .~~ The direct ancestor of this Ysore de Reresby waR a certain Hugh, who held the manor of South Ormesby in Lincolnshire in 1086, and the church at this place was dedicated at a very early period to St. Leonard. ,ve have documentary proof of its existence in the reign of Henry the Second, the arches and pillars are ascribed to c·. 1150-1170, and I think that there is every reason to suppose that a church was crectecl on this site by the ancestor of the Reresbys, and dedicated to St. Leonard very shortly after the date of the Domesday survey. The cross of St. Leonard, in the common field at Thrybergh, as well as the broken· shaft in the churchyard, of both of which engravings are given by Hunter, are referred by good judges to the middle or end of the twelfth century. Over the South door of the church is an effigy, said to be that of the saint, and the Vulor of King Henry shows that tbe rector enjoyed a certain revenue under the description of "oblatio~es Sancti Leonardi." Canon Raine, who very courteously answered my enquiries on the subject, thinks that these oblations would be the offerings made on the Saint's day, or those put into an alms box which stood beneath his image. It is ahvays easiest to treat a legend of this kind with blank iefcredulity, or to attack it with the appetite of a Puritan for a church win'1ow, but in the middle ages every striking story was distorted into miracle, and it does not follow -because impossible that a captive knight could be miraculously conveyed through the air in heavy gyves and shackles-that the village tradition had no foundation in fact. It is more reasonable to suspect that the legend originated owing to the real escape from bonds of an early lord of Thrybergh having impressed itself as miraculous upon the minds of his homagers; and that such an escape did actually take place there seems some cause to believe.

* Omnibus sancte Ecclesie filiis prresentibus et futuris Robertus filius Heltonis de Snelleslund salutem. Noverit universitas vestra me dedisse et concessisse et hac mea carta conlirmasse deo et Beate marie et Capelle sancti leonardi de Kirkested et monachis ejnsdem locis [sic] in Liberam puram et perpetuam Elemosinam Totum redditum et servicium Lucie filie Willelmi clerici quod fac3,3bat mibi per annum pro tofto illo quod jacet inter toftum persone de Snelleslund et toftum Ade de Merula. Et quietum clamavi ipsis de me et heredibus meis ipsis monachis totum Jus et clamenm meum quod habui vel habere potui in prrodicto tofto. Et nt prredicta et heredes sui omnino sint respondentes et attendentes prredictis monachis imperpetuum. Et prrodictum redditum ita attornavi prrodicte capelle sancti leonardi ut in die ipsius sancti prout prior disposuerit in usum conventus expenda.tur. Et ego prrodictus Robertus et heredes mei ipsis mono.chis omnia prrodicta libera et quieta Warantizabimus coIJtra omnes homines imperpetuum. Riis testibus Ganfrido de Lund, !sore de Reresby, Stephano filio persone, Petro filio Radulft, ,villelmo Haribrun, Roberto fa.bro, et aliis. [Cott. Vespasian, E. xviii, fol. 5b.J V

I fincl that Sir Adam de Rercsby followed his feudal chief Thomas Earl of Lancaster into rebellion in 1322, and was one of the hundred barons and knights who, after a day's desperate fighting at Boroughbridge, refused to fly, and ·were surrounded and captured with him. l\1any of the rebels were hung, and amongst them Sir Ad'.1m's neighbour and near relative, Sir vVilliam Fitz vVilliam le .fils. Sir Adam, I have no doubt, suffered chains and imprisonment; how he escaped or was forgiven, there are no records to tell; but he was still living in 1349, when probably in his ninetieth year, and must have been received again into favour, for he was summoned to ,vestminster in 1324, and on tw~ occasions in 1336 to the King's great council at York. That it was customary in medireval times for prisoners to offer up their bonds to St. Leonard is evidenced by the words of the' Homily on Peril of Idolatry.* " Such a cripple came and saluted this saint of oak, and by and by he was made whole ; and lo here hangeth his crutch. Such an one in a tempest vowed to St. Christopher, and scaped; and behold here is a ship of wax. Such an one by St. Leonard's help brake out of prison; and see w·here his fetters hang.,, The gyves and shackles of Sir Adam may ,vell have hung for generations in the church of Thrybergh in memory of his escape and of his grat~_tude; the stone shaft on which a cross handled s11vord is carved may have been set up by him to St. Leonard, and popular sympathy with the rebels, which led to the working of miracles at the tomb of Lancaster, may have surrounded both with an atmosphere of myth. When llunter, the historian of , visited Thrybergh, the legend still survived amongst the villagers, but· was referred to Ralph de Reresby and his betrothed wife, the heiress of the de Normanvilles. It speaks (says Hunter)" of the plighted vows of the beautiful heire~s of Thribergh at a ' cross, the fra,gment of which is still to be seen in a lane near the village ; of 'th~journey of the knight to the Holy-land; of a rumour reaching Thri­ ' bergh of his death; of the lady's unwillingly allowing herself to be betrothed ' to another lord; of her visiting the cross on the morning of her intend.ed ' nuptials ; and of her meeting Reresby there in palmer's weeds; and finally of 'her union with him in fulfilment of her earliest vows." Hunter's faith in this

* Quoted by Canon Leigh Bennet in a pa.per read before the Lit. and _Scient. Society, March 1880. . Vl

story was somewhat disturbed by his discovery that Margery was no heiress at the time of her marriage, and it seems to me such a common-place version of the Thrybergh legend that I feel the less shame in giving it the coup de grace Though fa'tal to romantic sentiment, it is, nevertheless, an ascertained fact that Ralph de Reresby hacl been previously married to another wife, and that he ,vas a widower with a family at the time of his engagement to Margery. Another variation is· to be found in an MS. poem which was given to the present rector by a daughter of Mr. Ross, the village schoolmaster of sixty years ago. This ballad is said to have been copied by Miss Fullerton, but with the spelling modernized, from a black letter book at Thrybergh Hall, after Mro Ross had published a poem on the subject. It commences thus:

· In the composition made between Will: ye bastard, son of Ric : Duke of Normandy, and Robt of Totney Earle of Belvoir, Jo: Ld of Kayston, Sir Otis Holland, Guido de Reresby, Adam de Pinchbeck, Thom: Welby of Malton, Robt de Rapsley of Rapsley, with all their fellowships and their assistance. Item It is further agreed, that ye said Will: Duke of Normandie and Robt de Totney E. of Belvoir with all ye rest of the assistance, at a siege houlden by ye said vVill: ye Conqur, who conquering the Relme of England in the year 1066 against Robtt Lord Totney, and ye rest of his company ther being resident, the sige being houlden from ye 11th of Aug: till ye 16 of Septem : the Conqr seing that they had stoor of Provisions as the spies did certifie that they found thrown over ye walls of ye castle of Belvoir whole Gheese, and the Duke perceiving that they meant not to yeeld; he sent then unto them his Officer at Arms, by ye sound of a trumpet, and wished them, and every one of them to yeeld with their assistance, wherupon to yeeld unto his person, and take him for their Souereign both he, aud all his assistance, wherupon they would not, nor did not agree but upon this Condition : That they should bestowe all their Children after y0 antient Custome of England in the like Estate as he had passed all the lands within ye County of Kent. · Wherunto hee yeelded, and fullfilled their request & subscribed, and united his seale of Armes : Witnesses Humphey de Hougham Earle Bohun, Will : Fitzosborn Earle Martial, "\Valdith E: of Northumberland, Milo E. of Harford, Wolmottue E. of Kent, Marcary E. of Lincolne, Gilbert Nevile Lord Admirale, Guido ·de Vesey Secretary, ye 18th of Novbr at Welstrop Hill in ye County of Leichester : , ' The breaking open of this old chest brings to one's mind the not less surpris­ ing discovery of ancient documents in a loft over the stables at Belvoir, which has !ately furnished so much material for the Historical MSS. Commissioners; but I must confess that I am disappointed with the contents. The stratagem of throwing whole geese over the castle walls argues a certain classical knowledge on the part of the garriRon ; Wolmottue Earl of Kent, and Marcary Eaif'of Lincoln, are the most interesting because hitherto unrecorded; and one naturally wishes to know more about William the Bastard's seal of arms, and the customs of the county of Kent... Could not the Earl's parson, schoolmaster, controller, steward, and master of the game between them have unearthed more records from the till? I believe that they might have done so, and that a little more diligence might perhaps have preserved for us a picture of the Vl1l... court of Canute. Fortunately there is one other " ould evidence " forthcoming-no doubt out of the same repository. By this we learn that in th~ third year of Edward the Confessor Adam de Reresby, and his sons Bernard de Conisbie and Guido, passed away their domain of Reresby in le Fen to Adam's nephew, William, of Crowland, with regalian rights . (cum omnibus regalibus), a deer's leap, 443 acres of :pasture, and 53 bovates of land, for the foundation of an abbey. The condition of the gift is thus expressed'· Ea lege et conditione quod Ego et bini ftlii mei domum Orationis pro omnibus animabus avorum meorum et pro animabus successorum meorum in perpetuum aedificaremus et domum Monachorum ant fratrum ut erigeremus illic residentium fore secundum Papae deificati Assignationem." The names of the ecclesiastical witnesses are of a character to lead one to believe that the Monasticon has been very carelessly compiled, and at the bottom of the list we have for the second time the humorously suggestive surname of Pinchbeck. Such are the fables by which the genealogists of the Elizabethan era obscured the origin of many an ancient family, and with so much success, that in some cases, as for instance with the Fitzwilliams, the fiction is still repeated year after year. These two documents were forged three hundred years ago, long before the days of Dugdale and D~dsworth, and yet I can lay my hand on the forger. In the church notes taken at the visitation of 1584 a shield of the Reresby quarter­ ings at Thrybergh is described as being "set out by Dakins." This William Dakeyn, whose family resided within the Reresbys manor of Ashover, was an intruder into heraldry who usurped the titles of Norroy and Clarencieux; was arrested for issuing false pedigrees in 1597, and had previously .sacrificed an ear to his insatiable love of romance. The Belvoir Treaty ought, I have no doubt, to be added to the volume in the lierald's College of the forgeries to which he con­ fessed ~~ -a volume which, if it still exists, must almost be equal to the pagest of Burke. Sir John Reresby was wise enough not to commit himself to a belief in this bit of mock history, though he plaintively remarks that "to what purpose the said wrihting should be fforged or fframed ffor this ffamilie that can proove a sufficient Antiquity without it, I know not:" his father, however, in spite of the learned excellence of his essay" de ratione bcne vivendi" was more easily duped, for to the beautiful copy of the' Genealogia' of the family, which was painted by a herald in 1585, an

* [Cox's Churches of Derbyshire-1-36,] ix of the La.tin charter, and I find it noted in a Yorkshire armorial amongs~ the Johnston MSS. that both pieces of evidence were ' at large' in Thriberg house in 1633. With Isidore Fitz Alexander, a landowner in Reresby (close to Lincoln), and the adjoining villages, at the end of the twelfth and commencement of the thirteenth century, the herald's visitations and Sir John's genuine evidences begin; but curiously enough the liiatus between that date and the conquest can now be filled in, for Isidore's pedigree for four generations was legally proved in the court of Richard Coour de Lion in 1194. His cousin and opponent, Sir Richard do Ormesby, explained his title to certain lands in Lincolnshire, by setting out in detail their common descent from a certain Hugh le Blount, whose identity I have proved with Hugh, the Earl of Chester's domesday tenant at Ormesby, co. Lincoln, the same person as IIugh Fitz Osbern, one of the Earl's greater tenants in Cheshire. I have given on pp. 87, 88 a table of the descendants of this Hugh, and as genealogical charts are always easier to grasp than a more discursive account, the reader should not fail to examine it before advancing further, and to refer to it when in difficulties. After the rebellion of Edwin and Morkere, William the Conqueror gave Chester the capital of the Mercian earldom, and its county, first to his stepson, Gherbod, and then, after Gherbod's crime and imprisonment in Flanders, to Hugh, the son of Rich1J,rd Comte of the Avranchin and Hiemois. Hugh le Loup, as tradition, if not the usage of his own day, has nicknamed him, was almost as independenh of the King of England as the Duke of Normandy of the King of France : his earldom was not subject to English law or taxation ; he was the military executive and judicial leader of the whole county, and the universal landlord ; enjoyed its entire revenues and profits, and in one of his charters speaks of the shiremoot as "my court." In order to account for these extraordinary privileges and powers, less full perhaps than those enjoyed by the later Ea,rls, but certainly superior to Edwin's, every English historian durjng the last three centuries has blindly followed his predecessor in accept­ ing the unfounded and untrue statements that Hugh was a Palatine Ear~, ancl by the Conqueror's gift held the county of Chester" as freely by the sword as the King held England by the crown." Certainly Hugh was in possession of some of those powers which the constitutional students of the thirteenth and subsequent centuries considered to be regalian and inseparable from Palatine authority, and which they regarded as proof that Cheshire was a county Palatine X as well before the conquest as after ; but without reasonable doubt the Conqueror's grant was not made to him in such terms, nor was he considered in his own day to be a Palatine Earl. I-Iis position requires a threefold explanation : as Edwin's heir he was the military leader of the shire, and president of the folk-moot ; by the universal forfeiture of the small Saxon thanes, and the consequent eschaet to his demesne of the entire land of the county [except of course that which was held by the church] he became the supreme landlord and gained a proprietary interest in the shire court and sheriff ; and his possession of the wasted revenues of the county was derived from the not unusual generosity of the Conqueror/:: One of these privileges afterwards termed regalian was that of supreme juris­ diction in all causes, capital or otherwise, over his vassals in his court at Chester. That which the Earl possessed be was able to delegate to others, and by granting such complete jurisdiction over their tenants to his greater barons (for all his tenants in chief like those of the King were then termed barons) ho established territorial franchises or privileged tenures which within fifty years of his death were described as' honours,' a word which signifies a barony in the more modern and limited sense. These barons, lesser and greater, seem for the most part to have been-not the hereditary vassals of his family in Normandy (for Richard, his father, was still living and in possession of Avranchin and Hiemois eleven years after Hugh had received the Earldom)-but rather younger sons of great houses who had attached themselves to him, either owing to relationship or because as the Conqueror's kinsman and favourite he was a man marked out for greatness. In other words, it was more of a personal than of a territorial following. The Earl's constable, William Fitz Nigel, was a scion of the stock of the Vicomtes de Saint Sauveur, and the office and barony passed eventually into royal hands, and are now vested by descent in H.R.H. the Prince of Wales ; his high steward was a son of the Sire de La Mare, and left descendants who were accounted amongst the greatest barons of the realm ; while of the officers of his household who were not of baronial rank, his chief huntsman or master of the hounds was the direct ancestor of the Duke of Westminster, and his butl€r of the barons of . Robert de Rodelent was the Earl's cousin,

* This is merely a summary of my conclusions, and though they may seem startling and revolutionary, I shall fully support them by evidence in my forthcoming book on" The Normans in Cheshire.'' xi and Robert Fitz Hugh is said to have been his natural son; Richard de Vernon was a descendant of tho Vicomte de Vernon, and the elder branch of his fa,mily gained the earldom of Devon at the very commencement of the twelfth century; Bigot des Loges, another connection, though a distant one, was the head of the house of which the great Roger Bigot, ancestor of the Earls of Norfolk, was a cadet, and there is an indication that Hamo de Maci may have been of the race of Hamon, the valiant lord of Thorigny, who fell at Val-es-Dunes. Even the minor tenants in chief were men of great iineage; as for instance Baldric, whom Ormerod calls an obscure proprietor, but who can be proved brother to Richa:rd de Nevill and to Robert de Courci. The number of the Cheshire barons (majores barones) has always been a disputed point, though I hope that it will soon be so no longer, and even Dugdale, while giving a list of some six or seven, has frankly acknowledged that there were a few others whom he had been unable to identify. Amongst these forgotten baronies that of Hugh Fitz Osbern was not the least important. I have, I am ashamed to say, failed to trace his family into Normandy, but according to the Cheshire genealogists, who have paid much attention to tho subject, he and his neighbour and companion in arms, Osbern ~itz Tezzon, were both of the race of that great Raoul Taisson or Tesson, Seigneur de Cinqueleiz, and founder of the Abbey of Fontenay, who brought one hundred and twenty knights to the field of Val-es-Dunes in 1047, and is said to have been a descendant of the Counts of Anjou and to have held a third of all Normandy in fee. The proved descendants of this Raoul, as well as of Hugh and of Osbern, were landowners in Lincolnshire in the twelfth century; and the relationship between the two latter is probable enough, for their castles on the "\Velsh frontier were but two miles apart, their successors bore the same heraldic figure, the tinctures ~lone supplying a difference, and for generations appear with tedious monotony side by side in the lists of witnesses. Hugh Fitz Osbern, however, was certainly not the same person as Hugh the son of Osbern Fitz Tezzon, with whom he has been confused, and it is quite possible that a wrong guess ha.s been made, and that the two families were of distinct origin. The fact that neither Hugh nor Osbern bore a local surname renders it probable that they both were younger sons, and not in the possession of Norman fiefs, but in spite of that the contribution mac.le by each to the conquest of Cheshire must have been very considerable to have deserved so rich a, reward. No doubt both were of xii great lineage in Normandy, and I fancy that if Osbern the father of Hugh is ever identified he will be found to have been a member of one of those families which were nearly related to the Earl. With Hugh Fitz Osbern my account must therefore begin. His possession of the manors of South Ormesby and Kettlesby (with its soke of Walmsgate) in Lincolnshire, into which we may reasonably conjecture he was in.feuded by the Earl or his father soon after 1066, marks him out as one of those who left their Norman seigneuries to sail in the contingent of fifty boats which Richard d' Avranches (rather than bis son the future Earl) contributed to the invading fleet. Proba.bly he gained these manors by service throughout the campaign which opened at Hastings*; certainly he was one of the Earl's officers in the reduction of Cheshire in 1071 and 1072, and he will thus have played his part in that bloody battle of , traditionally remembered even at the end of the fourteenth century as one wherein manors were lost by death and gained by valour. By such service, and no doubt by the largeness of ~is military following and of his contribution in money and munitions of war (for Norman conquerors in dividing the spoil considered the quantity rather than the quality of valour supplied), he gained that fief which the Domesday for Cheshire describes as lying in some fifteen (it should be eleven) separate townships. He is recorded as holding in 1086 the manors of Calc1ecote [the site of a Roman villa], Pulford, Wardle, Bosley, Marton, Kermingham, Sumreford, Allington, Eyton, Sutton, Broughton, Claverton, and Edritone; in Handbridge, now a suburb of Chester, he had an estate assessed at a carucate, and this reached up to the very foot of the bridge of Chester,-a spot to which at fixed intervals all the military tenants of the county were marched under the command of tl1e seneschals of the baronies, in order to take part in the show of weapons. Ile possessed also eight' burgenses' in the city, and four beyond the water, a salt wich in , and five hides in Gresford. The caput of Hugh Fitz Osbern's barony was Pulford, described by Randle I-Iolme as " a castle aunciently built to represse the enimy the Welah, where hath bin a family of the name, of which many have bin knights"; for to this younger brainch of his family, whose arms were still to be seen in the church

* In the roll of Battle Abbey, which is a thirteenth century collection of the surnames of gontle­ men whose ancestors fought at Hastings, and not a contemporary catalogue of King William's followers, appears the surname of Fitz Simon. This probably indicated one of the three Sir Ilalph Fitz Simons who were descended from Hugh Fitz Osberu. xiii windows at the close of the sixteenth century, it was pn.ssed by that Sir Ralph Fitz Simon de Ormesby, who is mentioned by Camden as possessed of tl1e castle in the reign of Henry the Third. The last instance of its military use was in 1403, when Sir Thom~s le Grosvenor, the heir of the Pulfords, had a mandate from Henry Prince of Wales to hasten to his possessions at Pulford, and else­ where on the marches of Wales, there to make defence against the coming o:f Owen Glendower; but though it ceased after this date to have any strategic importance, there still remains between the church of Pulford and an angle of the brook which divides Cheshire from Wales, and partly serves the purpose of a moat, a strong semi-circular earthwork, within which is a mound or keep. ::~ The plan of the castle is very similar to those of the neighbouring defences on the Vvelsh frontier, and here no doubt Hugh Fitz Osbern and his heirs haa a stockaded fortress and oaken hall, which, through centuries of border war.fare, must have stood many a siege from the Welsh, and been the starting point of many a raid. His name, or that of his son or grandson, may yet be identifted in one of the Welsh chronicles ; but even if no details can be recovered of those inroads into Wales in which be took part, there is at least evidence that the fortresses, such as his own at Pulford, which kept watch and ward over the frontier of Cheshire, and covered the main roads leading to the capital, bad for many a long year to be garrisoned and constantly prepared against Welsh reprisals. Thus for instance we are told by two English chronicle~s, that the Welsh, when they heard of the capture of Earl Ranulph in 1146, entered and commenced to devastate the earldom, but were intercepted by Robert de Montalt at the Wich, and defeated with great slaughter. This incident may be taken as typical of many upon which history is silent. Hugh had another residence at the manor of Ormesby in Lincolnshire, which gave a surname to one line of his descendants. The site of the house is supposed to have been near the church, where the Hall now stands, and to the west of this,___o.n the site of the present kitchens, it is said that some remains were in * An old man who used to work for the late Rector of Pulford, once buried a pig in this mound or in the castle ditch, and(accordingtohisownaccount)turncdupwithhis spadeagold vessel of the nature of a drinking :flask, concave on one side, convex on the other, as though constructed to fit comfortably against the humnn body. I have, however, fortunately lighted upon an account of this discovery, accompanied by an engraving, in the Archaeologia [XXVII-451] which describes the vessel as being of brass. The rounded side was decorated with a cross, the neck furnisheil with two handles or loops,andit is supposed to have been a Roman ampulla toholdholyoilforChristia.n religious purposes. If Roman it may have been brought home from a crusade, but there is good reason for doubting its Roman citizenship, and it is equally possible tha.t it wa.s made ill eairly mediroval times. xiv existence a,. century ago. The herald Vincent visitea Ormesby in the seventeenth century and noticed the coat-a lion rampant e-rmine-cut in stone on the·garden gate, with the garter about it; and the church notes of Gervase Holles describe the same bearing as being painted in the church windows. These were the arms of the Lincolnshire ....,line of Hugh Fitz Osbern's descendants before its extinction in c. 1370. One member of this family, Sir Ralph Fitz Simon, living 1260-1276; called himself sometimes 'de Ormesby,' sometimes 'de Kettles by,' from an adjoining manor which had descended to him from Hugh Fitz Osbern, and close to the site of the old church of St. Margaret at Ketsby, which was 'taken away and clean wasted ' in the sixteenth century, are some "remains of old buildings, probably of earthworks.'' In right of his barony Hugh Fitz Osbern was a, member of the Earl's great council, and of its several committees, and a judge in the court 0£ pleas, and his life was passed in constant attendance upon his feudal prince, both in time of war, and when the Earl kept at Chester or some other castle his court, noted even in that age for pomp, prodigality, feasting, and the presence of an army of retainers. If we may believe the "ingenious Mr. Erdswiok,'' every baron "whilst he paid his devoir to the Earl, either in parliament, or upon any other solemn occasion, was attended by four of his Esquires, every Esquire by one gentleman, and every gentleman by one Valet or serveing man,t' and to these Esquires they presented every year robes of ceremony as was the custom in the households of the great barons of the realm. I suppose that Hugh le Loup often kept Christmas with great ceremony in the castle of Chester, which King William had built, and that upon these occasions the baron of Montalt (as in later times) set the first dish before him in right of his stewardship; but that the rest of the year ·when the roads were passable was consumed even in times of peace in incessant journeyings. Hugh Fitz Osbern 's grandson witnessed charters of the Earls in several different counties, and even so far away as in Wiltshire, an:d it is probable that the grandfather was seldom able to take up his residence at Pulford, or to preside over his court of justice wherein the civil and criminal suits of his vassals were tried. We may assume with a probability which differs little from certainty that he played a prominent part in the Earl's 9onquests and devastations in Wales and Anglesey, and his Norman campaign against Philip King of France, and that he shared in tha.t love for interludes and jesters, falconers, huntsmen, hart and hound, which moved the wrath of xv the monastic chronicler. He was present, together with the saintly Anselm, at the foundation of the Abbey of St. Werburgh, and witnessed the charters of the Earl, Robert Fitz Hugh, William Malbano, and of Sirard, the ancestor of the Lancelyns. Here he probably lies buried under some cross-incised slab, for it cannot be supposed that all the Cheshire barons had tombs and epitaphs as elaborate as those with which Robert de Rodelent was honoured. In a record of the end of the twelfth century Hugh Fitz Osbern is distinguished. from his grandson, another Hugh Fitz Osbern, by the nic~ame of 'Blundus I or' The Fair,' and we learn from the same source that he had two sons, namely Osbert and Simon, the former of whom succeeded him, while to the latter he gave seven bovates of land in Moreton [near Timberland, co. Lincoln] for his homage and service. The reference to this land in Moreton, ~which the heirs of Simon held under the Darcys, is enough to show that Hugh was enfeoffed before his death by Norman Darcy in those two knights fees in Marton, Holm, Wilfrikeby, Scapewic, Reresby, and Snelleslund, which Simon Fitz Osbert, his grandson, was holding by old feoffment under Thomas Darcy in 1166, and it is hard to guess how he obtained them unless his wife was a, Darcy. Osbert Fitz Hugh, the second baron of Pulford, succeeded his father before 1119, for in that year he was with Earl Richard at Graham in Lincolnshire, and there witnessed his charter of confirmation to the Abbey of St. Werburgh. Not long after he was present at a similar act by Earl Ranulph Meschines, which I suppose was granted at Chester. The only other direct evidence con­ cerning him which I have been able to find is contained in the record of 1194, which tells us that his brother Simon did homage to him for the land at Marton, and that he had three sons, Hugh, and Alexander, and Simon. One of the lords of Pulford gave in the twelfth century a part of the township of Wardle to the Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem, and it is possible that he was the donor. I have not been able to trace many of the actions of this Osbert, but his possession of the barony and attendance upon the Earls tell much by inference. In these early days before the inventi?n of scutage, and especially in a military principality like that of Chester, real military service had to be rendered by the holder of a :fief to the lord of whom he held it, and it was even sometimes the case that an eldest son was disinherited because his younger brother was the better knight. A feudal tenant in the first half of the twelfth century could xvi no more avoid doing his military aevoir than he could avoid paying the debt of nature, and the very fact that he held bis fief is direct evidence that he followed his lord to all the wars in which the latter was engaged. Had it not been that the Scrope and Grosvenor controversy in 1386 put the facts, as kept alive by tradition, upon record, we shouldnever have known that Ralph de Grosvenor was present at the battle of Lincoln in 1141, and at that battle two years later, in which the Earl was captured. We should, however, had we possessed independent proof of his existence at this date, have been justified in guessing that he was present, for there can be no reasonable doubt that every one of the Earl's military tenants, lesser as well as greater, followed him to war. Osbern Fitz Hugh possessed several manors within a few miles of Lincoln, and we have therefore the better reason to conjecture that he may have been present at the great battle there in 1141, when King Stephen was captured by the Earl. He may have, and probably did, follow his chief in all those bewildering and selfish changes of alliance, those desertions now of the Empress now of the King, which remind one of a later king-makerll and in the constant sieges, assaults and battles by which they were enlivened. We cannot doubt that all the Earl's feudal tenants were concerned in the sally which routed Stephen at the second siege of Lincoln; in the capture of Bedford by assault, and the Earl's subsequent reconciliation to the King, to whom he brought three hundred well-appointed horse to aid in the siege of Wallingford. To follow the Earl's fortunes at Coventry and in Wales would be tedious, and little to the point, for I do not believe that Osbern lived so long, but it may be remarked that the stronghold of Lincoln, which, together with the Earldom and Constableship of the county,Ranulph claimed as his inheritance, seems to have been constantly the base of his operations. Osbern FilZ Hugh and his eldest son, 1Iugh Fitz Osbern, the third baron of Pulford, both died before the accession of Henry the Second. The record tell us that this second Hugh Fitz Osbern had two brothers, Alexander, who, as I shall presently show, was disinherited, and Simon Fitz Osbern. This Simon Fitz Osbern, who thus succeeded his elder brother as fourth baron of Pulford, was with Earl Ranulph in 1153 at the castle of Devizes in Wiltshire, upon the occasion when Henry the Second restored to the Earl his inheritance in England and Normandy, and granted him many baronies, honours, castles, and other valuable considerations, as the price of his support. The original gold bordered treaty of Devizos is now in the British Museum, and xvii last amongst the Earl's barons who witnessed it stanas Simon Fitz Osbert. He w.Jis but a. young man at this time, and cannot have long succeeded to Pulford (indeed the first notice I have of him is in the charter of Geoffrey Ridel to Ralph Bassett, and its confirmation by Robert Earl of Leicester, both of which may have been made as early as the year 1150) but his presence at this historical scene seems to presuppose his share in some at least of the stormy events of· the Earl's later career. Before he could reap the fruits of the treaty Earl Ranulph died at Gresley Castle, in Derbyshire, poisoned ~t is said by William Pevcril, and Simon was certainly with him at the last ; for at this stronghold he attested the Earl's foundation charter for the Priory of Trentham, and his confirmation to the monks of St. W erburgh. I find Simon several times in attendance upon Hugh Keveliok tho succeeding Earl: at Beltisfort or Bettisford in Lincolnshire he witnessed a charter to Bolington, and (with his son Ralph Fitz Simon) a gift to the priory of Spalding; at Graham in the same county a charter to the monks of St. Lawrence. In 1166, Simon Fitz Osbert is returned as holding two knights fees in Lincolnshire, of old feoffment, under Thomas Darcy. I am able to give evidence that he was in possession of his grandfather's property at Handbridge, close to Chester, for Robert Pincerna, in his gift to the Abbey of Pulton of a garden at th~ head of Chester bridge, acknowledged that he held it " of the fief of Simon: Fitz Osbert." I have also printed Simon's charter, addressed in lordly style to "all his vassals and friends,'' by which he granted the town of in Cheshire to Hugh ue Dutton at the fee farm rent of two marks, and a record in the chartulary of St. Werburgh of his gift to that Abbey of the church of St. Peter in Chester. In the annals of Chester is a contemporary notice of his death in 1184, and in this his name is placed between those of William Patric and Robert cle Aldeford, two Cheshire barons who died in the same year. His heir was Ralph Fitz Simon, his son, who, as I have already related, was present with him in attendance upon the Earl at Bettisford some years previq_u~ly. Of this Ralph, the fifth and last baron of Pulford, a very large number of notices can be found, which prove him constantly in attendance upon the third Earl R:1nulph, in Cheshire and elsewhere. He was witness also to cha:rters of Bertreya the Countess, Roger the Constable of Chester, Robert the Seneschal, Gilbert de Beningworth, Simon de Seis, Philip de Kime, and Ydonia de Boidel. In tl1e coram, ·rege suit of 1194 he was callecl to give evidence, and in 1199 and 1209 he was at law concerning tllo pr~sentation to a, moiety of tho xviii

church of South Ormesby. He appears in a Lincolnshire survey contained in the Testa de Nevill, as holding two knights fees in that county of the Earl of Chester, and two under Norman de Arey. Though bom as early as 1160, Ralph was still living in 1230, for there is no necessity to suppose that the later notices refer to a son or grandson of the same name. By the name ' Ralph Fitz Simon de Pulford ' he confirmed in two distinct charters Richard de 's gift of the town of Byveley to the monks of Pulton, and as Ralph Fitz Simon de Ormesby he passed the castle of Pulford to his relative Robert de Pulford. This act, made shortly before the Earldom of Chester passed into the hands of the crown, threw into abeyance the barony of Pulford, by the aliena­ tion of its caput, but for more than a century after this time his descendants continued to be nominally overlords of Pulford. His Lincolnshire estate was inherited by a grandson of the same name-a Sir Ralph '.Fitz Simon, called sometimes' de Ormesby,' sometimes' de Ketelsby,' who was eschaetor for the county in 1260, and used two seals, of which the earlier bears bis effigy as a knight on horseback, the later his arms-a lion rampant ermine. Sir Simon Fitz Ralph, the next heir, who was nominally overlord of Pulford, was summoned to the King's grea.t council at Newcastle in 1296, and had a royal charter of freewarren at Ormesby in 1315. To him succeeded a third Sir Ralph Fitz Simon de Ormesby, who, according to the herald Vincent, was a Knight of the Garter, and whose arms are thus described in a roll of Edward the Second's reign-Sire Rauf Fiz Symon de Azure, a un lion 'tampand de ermynf. This third Sir Ralph Fitz Simon left a, son Sir Simon de Ormesby, and a daughter and eventual heiress, the wife of Sir William de Skip­ with, and mother of the Sir William who was Lord Chief Justice of England. The castle of Pulford continued with the descendants of Robert de Pulford (evidently a younger branch of Hugh Fitz Osbern's family) until it came by marriage to Sir Robert Grosvenor, ancestor of the Duke of Westminster, and one of the principals in the celebrated Scrope and Grosvenor controversy. This was a great accession of wealth and influence to the Grosvenors, and in order to guard and secure it against dispute, Robert Legh, a descendant of the lady of Pulford by her other marria.ge, was induced to relinquish his claims with unusual and impressive ceremony on the 24th April, 1412. The following is Ormerod's account of the scene, taken from Leycester's transcripts of the original charters. "In chapel, Robert del Birches, chaplain, "celebrated a mass of xix t?e Holy Trinity, and consecrated the Host, and after the mass (albo cum amiclo, stola, et manipulo indutus) held forth the Host before the altar, where­ upon Sir Thomas Grosvenor knelt before him, whilst the settlements were again read by James Holt, counsel of Robert de Legh, and then swore upon the Lord's body, that he believed in the truth of these charters. Immediately after this, Sir Laurence de Merbury, knight, sheriff, and :fifty-seven of the principal knights and gentlemen of Cheshire affirmed themselves singly to be witnesses of the oath, all elevating their ha.nds at the same time towards the Host. This first part of the ceremony concluded with Sir Thomas Grosvenor receiving the sacrament, and Robert Legh and Sir Thomas kissing each othe:r "in affi.rmationem concordiae praedictae." Immediately after this Robert Legh acknowledged the right of all the said lands to be vested in Sir Thomas Grosvenor and his heirs, and an instrument to that effect was accordingly drawn up by the notary Roger de Salghall, in the presence of the clergy undermentioned, and attested by the seals and signatures of the fifty-seven knights and gentlemen whose names are also mentioned below.'' I now return to the disinherited heir of the second baron of Pulford. The record of 1194 tells us that Osbern Fitz Hugh had three sons, Hugh, Alexander, and Simon, and that the eldest died and was succeeded by his brother Simon Fitz Osbert, whose career I have sketched. No explanation is given why Alexander was thus passed over, although the words of the record make it impossib~e to question his legitimacy, and difficult ~o argue that he was the youngest son. We can only infer that at the death of his eldest brother, the third baron of Pulford, which niust have -taken place towards the end of the troublecl reign of Stephen, he was either ousted forcibly by his younger brother, or legally disinherited, perh~ps as being boi:n out of England or u1ifit to perform in person the military s~rvice due to the Earl. He seems to have obtained the manorial estates, which his son afterwards held, in Reresby, Stainton, Snellancl,. Suntorp, and Hyngham, near Lincoln, in marriage with his wife Juliana de Reresby, and not as a subinfeudation out of those two fe.es in Marton, Holm, Wilfrikeby, Scapewic, Reresby, and Snella.nd, which his brother Simon Fitz Osbert was holding in 1166. Part of this property is described in his grand. son, Ralph cle Reresby's, gift to the Abbey of Barlings of" lands and tenements in the townships and territories of Rerisby, Steynton, Snellislund, Sunthorpe, and Hyngham, with his capital messuage in the tt>wn of Rerisby, with_tofts. and xx crofts, meaaows and pastures, moors and marshes ; with all homages and services both of free tenants and of cotta.rs, wardships, reliefs, escheats, and all manner of revenues and liberties." There can, I think, be no doubt that Alexander was in possession of this manor of Reresby with its extents, held of the fee of Steyton though not owing suit of court to it ; and that like his son and grandson he held it-not of the lords of Pulford-but under the de Norman­ villes, a, family which afterwards became united with his own. If this view be correct Alexander was wholly disinherited, and did not receive even a younger son's portion out of the ancestral land~, and yet, in spite of this injustice, he made a, fortuna.te match with an heiress of con­ siderable wealth, and the fortunes of his hom;e were more than restored by the brilliant marriages of his son and grandson. I am not able to give an account of the earlier family of Reresby to which this Juliana belonged, but she seems to have been of the race of the lords of Snelleslund, and was probably nearly related to the William Fitz Endo de Reresby, whose charter and seal I have described on page 19. The court at Chester must have decided against .Alexander before 1154, but there is evidence that early in the reign of Henry the Second he was receiving, or at least claiming, service and rent from his cousin Richard de Ormesby, and this seems to indicate that he made an attempt to recover that part of his inheritance which was subject to English law ; for he could only have claimed the overlordship of the land a.t Marton as being heir of Hugh Fitz Osborn. Alexander must have been living as late as in 1174, but I have unfortunately failed to find any charter in which he was concerned either as principal or witness. !sore ·(or Isidore) Fitz Alexander was probably born in the year I have mentioned, or not long before, had a long minority, and first appears in an undated suit concerning land in Reresby in the company of Juliana de Reresby his mother, who was evidently an heiress. From this place (Reresby,near Lincoln) I he assumed a surname, and the site of his manor house was probably the orchard behind the present hall, an area of irregular shape which is surrounded by a great earthen rampart and by a moat lately half filled up. In 1194 he brought the suit at Westminster in the court of Ricl1ard Coeur de Lion to which I have so often referred, and of which I have given a fac-simile, a translation on page 1, and an extended,copy of the Latin text in the appendix. !sore, the plaintiff, dem~nded against Richard de Ormesby se_ven bovates [210 statute acres] in Marton, co, Lincoln, and offered trial by battle by the body of & certain ' . XXI champion named Robert Botolf (the surname should, I think, be d~ Sancto Botulfo), whose father had seen Alexander, the plaintiff's father, receive the revenues of the land in question in the reign of Henry the Second. To this claim Richard de Ormesby made the following reply : 'And Richard (the defendant) asserted the right and seisin of his father, and ' said that they were of one ancestry, for Hugh le Blount had two sons, Osbert ' and Simon, and gave that land to Simon for his homage and service, and from ' him it descended to the defendant. And Osbert, the first born, had three sons, ' Hugh, and Alexander, and Simon, who had the rest of the inheritance of Hugh ' le Blount ; and for this land Simon father of the defendant did homage, first ' to Hugh his father, a.nd afterwards to Osbert his brother ; and the defendant ' did homage to Hugh son of Osbert. From Hugh [the over lordship of] that land 'descended to Simon his brother, to whom the defendant likewise did homage • for it, and still is the vassal of Ralph son of Simon, from whom he holds thal 'land.' HUGO BLUNDUS =­ bad land a.t More­ ton, Co. Lincoln, and elsewhere.

OSBERT, BON OF Hua-a, = SmoN, BON OF HUGH, = succeeded his father in survived his father who all his property except bad given him seven Moreton, for which his bovates in Moreton for brother Simon did hom­ bis homage and service. age to him. Did homage for that land first to Hugh, his father, ~hen to Osbert, his brother. · ,

I I HuGH, soN OP .ALEXANDER, SON OF SIMON I SON OF RICHARD DE OsBERT, survived OSBERT' took revenue OsB;ERT, succeeded OnMEsBY aia his father and out of the la.nd at Hugh a.s overlord homage to Hugh, died temp. Hen. Moreton temp. Hen. of the land at son of Osbert, II., or earlier S.P. II. = Moreton. = and then to Simon, son o·f Osbert, for the land at Moreton. Party tosuitll94 r !SORE, SON OF ALEX· RALPH, SON OF SIMON, ANDER, party to suit 1194, overlord of the land 1194. at 1'1oretou, nil

The point at issue was evidently whether the overlorclsbip of the land in question passed from Hugh Fitz Osbert to Alexander bis next brother, or to Simon his younger brother. According to the plaintiff Alexander succeeded as next heir, and received the revenues; the defendant, on the contrary, while admitting that Alexander was the next brother, asserted that Simon succeeded to the property. The evidence as to Isore de Reresby's pedigree is that of a hostile witness, but it contains a full admission that Isore was heir in blood to Hugh le Blount. !sore acted as a juror for the wapentake of Wraghow in the drawing up of one of the surveys contained in the Testa de Nevill, and I have printed a con­ siderable number of entries concerning him, besides two charters and as many fines in which he was a principal. I have not been able to discover that he was ever engaged in war. In early life he owed homage and service to the Ralph. de Normanville who accompanied King Richard to the Holy Land, and later on he became a, tenant in capite by knight's service ; but there is no evidence what­ ever that he performed in person the military service that was due. With Amicia his wife, eldest daughter and co-heir of John Deincourt, and co-heir to her grandfather Serlo, Lord of Plesley and Ashover in Derbyshire, he obtained lands in the soke of Ashover in free marriage. After the death of her father the lord­ ship of Plesley fell to her share, and Isore became a tenant in chief, and was no doubt summoned to parliament amongst the barones minores. At this place he had a, !park, the fence of which his free tenants were bound to keep in repair, and the site of his hall (or perhaps of the resiclenceofhis wife's ancestor, Berlo, lord of Glapwell and Ashover in 1086) may perhaps be marked by the great earthworks which are described in the local guide-books. He died before 1248. Ralph de Reresby, his son, must also have served in parliament among the barones minores, and perhaps it was this position· as an immediate vassal of the crown, which saved him from sharing in the rebellion, death, and forfeiture of his brother in law, Ralph de Normanville, in 1265. I suppose that he remained loyal to the crown, for in 1269 he was elected in the county court to serve as coroner for Derbyshire ; an office then confined to the knightly class, the chief duties of which were to watch over the pleas of the crown and the interests of the crown» to enquire into deaths by violence, and to administer to criminals in the sanctuaries in which they had taken refuge, the oath by which they abjured the realm. Ralph de Reresby married Margery, sister and co-heir to the Ralph de Normanville, Lord of Thribergh and Stainton, who was slain at Evesham, .niii ana to Sir Adam de N ormanville who soon after bought back the forfeited estate. His wife's portion at marriage was the land which had been formerly given by Ralph de Normanville to [Richard de Savile] the father of Ralph de Seiwell with Iclonia his wife' ad liberum maritagium,' and this must have included the site of the manor house called The Ickles, for in 1252 Ralph de Reresby leased to Simon Scot of Rotherham "totam terram suam de Th' Ickles."* Shortly before his death Ralph de Reresby passed away the paternal estate in Lincolnshire, o:r the greater pa.rt of it, in free alms to the Abbey of Barlings, and exchanged, in a charter of three or four lines, the lordship of Plesley with his cousin Sir Robert de Willoughby for the romantic valley of Ashover, a domain which long remained with his descendants. The Greenhall close on the North ·side of the church is the site of the Old Hall at Ashover, t but before the year 1302 Margery de Reresby had built for herself the New Hall which she afterwards bestowed upon her younger son. The ivy clad towers of Eastwood Hall, as the New Hall was named in later times, " standing solitary in the fields on the Northern slopes of the lovely valley of the Amber" were visited by a Scarsdale society of antiquaries on the 21st August, 1885, from the account of whose proceedings I take the following description : t Addit. MS. 6675-p-Sb. * In Ivanhoe Sir Walter Scot refers to the ancient house of Ickles by the name of Brinsworth Piiory, owing to a, mistaken belief that it had formerly been included in the possessions of Roche . . Abbey; and the cause of this blunder, in which Hunter the historian of South Yorkshire shared, was probably the inquisition taken after the death of Lionel Reresby, of Thrybergh, in 1559. In that document a.re mentioned " the manor of Ickles, two water mills, 40 acres of la.:i;id, 10 of meadow, and 20 of pasture, called Templeborough, with its appurtenances in Ickles, held of the Queen as of her monastery of Roche lately dissolved, in socage, by fealty, and rent of 13s 4d for all services and demands. [Hunter's Dean. Done. II-.p-2 and p-40] This seems clear enough evidence that the Reresbys obtained Ickles out of the forfeited property of the Abbey, and yet I ILlll about to prove that-it was never in the possession of the monks, but was a dower house and occasional residence of the Reresbys ever since the year 1358, when I have a. description of it as containing a hall, four chambers, a kitchen, a stable, a loft, a cattle shed, and a granary. To the Sir Thomas Reresby of that date it had come with his wife, the heiress of the Gothams, but local antiqua.ries must not jump-at the conclusion that this was its first connection with the Thrybergh estate. As early as the reign of Richard the First Templeborough and Ickles were amongst the lands given by Ralph de Normanville in free marriage with Iclonia, his daughter or sister to Richard de Sa.vile and in the reign of Henry the Third Ralph the~ son gave half e. carucate in this place with his body to the monks of Roche, who long afterwards held it under the Reresbys. The close called ' Ichells, which had formerly been the property of the Abbey was in 1552 in possession of Thomas Wentworth [Aveling's Roche-p-117] After the death of Ralph de Sa.vile without issue, the sa.me lands were once more given in free marriage with Margery de Normanville to Ralph de Reresby. :Ralph de Reresby alienated Ickles to Hugh the rector of Peniston, through whose niece and heir xxiv

u The Hall was a spacious and lofty mansion built of roughly dressed coarse sandstone, in the form of a, square. · The portion blown up by the Parliamentary forces was most likely that on the south of the ruins, a large fireplace in the southern wall of whfoh points to there having been at least one considerable apartment on the site of the present occupier's garden. Mr. Bourne says the powder barrel was placed in the tower, there was therefore a, tower on this side, perhaps to the south-east of the ruins, as the tower in the western side is in fair preservation. I think the main entrance to have been on the eastern side, as the lane leading into the Ashover and Stretton Road runs to t~is side, and there was very likely a courtyard there, flanked by the buildings now pulled down, the ~ite of which is occupied by a, modern farmhouse. Entering by the eastern door, we reach a hall or vestibule some 30 feet in length by 12 in breadth. Overhead, at a considerable height, is a narrow arch supporting a doorway, and on the right hand is an archway stoned up slightly let into the wall. Passing through a low thick doorway we come to a smaller apartment nearly square, from which a flight of eight stairs leads to the remaining tower. A flight of winding stairs is built inside this tower. About half way up, four stairs descend from the main flight to what has been the first storey, .and a little higher up the second storey is reached in a similar manner. This tower stair must have been the only means of reaching the upper storeys, as no other stairs are visible. The walls of the it descended to the Guthams and eventually returned 1or a second time to the lords of Thrybergll The difliculty created by the inquisition from whieh I have quoted, is easily removed by a reference to another and an ea.dier one, After the death o1 Ralph Reresby in 1530, it was found that he ba.d held II the ma.nor of Ickles with two milnes, 40 acres of land, 10 acres of medowe, 20 acres of pasture called Templesborough in Ickles" ; but the inquisition goes on to sa.y that only the two mills and 20 acres of land in Templesborough within Brinsford were held of the Abbot of Roche In soccage and fealty and by the yearly rent of 13s 4d, and that the ma.nor of Ickles was held of Jo. de Hoton in soccage by fealty. Ralph son of Richard de Sa.vile gave with his body to the monks of Roche half a carucatein Brine• worth, and Templebrough in the territory of Brinsworth. Peter de Wadworth a, witness, who was living in the reigns of John and of Henry the Third. [Hunter's Dean. Done. IL-26ln.J Ego Radulphus de Normanville dedi Radulpho deReresby cum Ma.rgeria. filia. meaet heredibus suis de praedicta, Margeria. exeuntibua, tota.m terram qua.m Radulphus de Seiwell tenuit de dono Radulphi de Normanvill, quae data fuit cum Iclonia ma.tre ejus ad l:i,berum maritagium. [Foster's Visit. Yorks.-p-76.] Sir John Reresby states, that Ralph de Reresby w~s possessed in 1252 of the u me.nor house called the Ickles, in the lordship of Brinsford," but his abstract of the deed upon which the statement is founded does not mention the house itself, though very possibly the .original deed was more explicit. I shall not quote Sir Jolm's abstract in full, but here is a, skeleton of it. :xxv tower are· of great thickness; and have the appearance of great antiquity in their construction. on· the north side of the before-mentioned ball, are four rooms all connected with one another. These have no particular points of interest beyond the old fireplaces and windows. There are traces of buildings to the west of these apartments of what character cannot now be determined." " The discussion and subsequent investigation of the ruins which followed the read­ ing of Mr. Bunting's paper, clearly established the theory that the early part of the present building was erected by the De Plesley's-the Arch over the East Doorway being a very fine and interesti~g specimen of Norman Architecture at the early part of the 12th century and the interior of the Hall or vestibule also showing traces of the same style. 'fhe Early English windows and masonry in the Westem Tower (probab~y about 1220) were referred to the Willoughbys while the buildings on the North side appear to be the work of the Reresbys, being Early Tudor probably erected very early in the 16th century. A Jacobean window was also noticed in the n<>rthern wall of the Hall." Eastwood Hall was destroyed in June, 1646, by a detachment of the Round­ head force then employed in the dismantling of Winfield manor, but the beautiful carved oak furniture, most of which must have been made for Sir Thomas Reresby in 1613, was saved by a hurried removal to the rectory. The hall was at this time in the possession of Mr. Bourne, to whom it had been improperly

1252. H!Lec est conventio inter Ra.dulphum de Reresby et Symonem Scotum de Roderha.m. Videlicet quad dictus Ra.dulphus ad ftrma.m demisit pre.edicto Symoni &c totam terram suam de Th' Ickles cum pra.tis et pe.sturis communibus &c excepto prato quod mona.chi de Rupe tenent de Radulpho de Norma.nville-usque ad finem trium a.nnorum-reddendo dimid. lib. piperis Tes tibus, domino Radulpho de Eccleshall, domino J ohe.nne de Bos vile, domino Ra.dulpho de Norme.nville, Ra.dulpho filio Rad. de Normanville &c. The term of this lease was only for three years, and as I find the same Ralph de Reresby letting another messuage in the same township to Hugh de R~derham, clerk, and that this Hugh de Roderham was afterwards possessed of the manor house of Ickles, I think there can be no doubt that Ickles, which had been a manor since the time of Iclonia de Sa.vile, was sold to Hugh by Ralph. In 1300, Cecilia., widow of Richard de Gotham, was residing at the manor of Ickles, which descended to her from her uncle Hugh de Boderham, rector of Penistone. By a charter dated in that year 'apud le Hicelys ' she promised to J ohQ. her son 'manerium meum del Hicelys, ctlm per­ tenentiis1 quod manerium ad me jure haeredit~rio dignoscitur pertiuere post decessum Hugonis avunculi mei ' ; swore upon the holy gospels to enfeoff him in due time, and declared that if she were induced to perjure herself by a malignant spirit or the counsel of some seducing woman, no such alienation should have any force or effect. [Addit. 29,442-34.J However, in spite of all temptations Cicely's natural truthfulness prevailed, and she was succeeded at her residence at Ickles by John' de Gotham her son, by her greindson ~nd greatgrandaon of the same· names, and after the latter's xxvi sold by the Reresby trustees, and Sir John Reresby relates in his Memoirs that he preferred a bill in chancery and petitioned the House of Lords in 1671 against the purchasers, but in consequence of his father's claim .having been bought off early in the civil wars, he was obliged to accept £500 in lieu of his property, The following account is taken from a letter written by Mr. Bourne two months after the occurrence to which it refers : "The next daye a companie of dragooners under the charge of a muster master and a scout master named Smedley came to the hall and demanded possession in the name of the High Court of Parliament which at once I did give, but I told them that I had done nothing against the Parliament and that I was also holding office under their highnesses at the tyme and that I should bring their conduct before either Fairfax or Colonel Hutchinson ; but they replyed with all civility that they had orders from their commanding officer to destroy the hall, and that he had also said he would not leave a nest in the countrie where a malignant could hyde his head; they, however, offered to assist in removing anything I set store bye. I now found that they had brought three small pieces of ordnance which they drew to the top of the Fabrick, and_ dis­ charged them at the Hall; but the ca.nnons being small (only two drakes and a saker) they did no harm beyond breaking the windows and knocking off the corners of the walls, and they soon tyred of this and sett the pyoneers to work,

death, by Cecily his sister and heir, the wife of Sir Thomas de Reresby. In 1358 Sir Thomas. let the house on a, lease of twenty years, and the description of the rooms and outhouses, with the privilege of fishing twice a week in the Don and Rother, seems to me so curious that I give the instrument in full. Ceste Endenture tesmoigne que Mons. Thom. de Reresby ad lesse' a Will. Fitz William le Barker de Roderham &c le Maner del Ickles oue les ap. tenenzs a tener &c a terme de Vint Ans &c. Reddant par an: a dit Mons. Thom. et a ses heirs sept markes a deuz terme de l' an &c. Et le dit Will : &c grante pour luy et ses heirs qu 'il entretiendront la sale et quatre Chambres un Kechin un estable un Gercher, un Bover, un grange, durant le vanditz termes et qu 'il Jes mesons susditz soient sustaintz ou Merym et ou couverte et ou autres nescessaires durant le dit terme &c Et aux : le dit Mouns. Thom: grante au dit Will: &c qu 'il put pescher en les Rivers de Don et de Roder 2 jours en cheques sompman duruntz le dit terme &c Done a Roderham 31: Ed: III. In 1383 the second.Sir Thomas Reresby conveyed to trustees all the lands which had been John de Gotham's, his uncle, and amongst them Ickles is mentioned. In 1397 the third Sir Thomas Reresby and Maude his wife leased to John de Thtiapples "the capitall messuage of fokles with certaine lands thereto bylonging with the conys, fishings, Hons­ bout, Haybout &c;-the terme 20 years, the rent slx pounds and a ma,rke. When Thomas Reresby married in 1508, his father settled upon him the "capital messuage of

Ekylis1" or'' Icklillis," whicll·together with the cornmill, was in the holding of Robert Redfer at an xxvii but the walls being thick and the mortar good, they made but little progress till, at last growing impatient, they did put a barrel of powder in the tower and at once destroyed more than halfe of the hall and left the other in ruins, so that it cannot be repaired; they then sung a psalm and afterwards marched to the Church.'' Following them he says "to my great surprise did find the scout master Smedley in the pulpit where he did preache a sermon two hours long about popery, priestcraft and kingcraft; but, Lord, what stuff and nonsense he did talke ·and if he could have murdered the kyng as easily as hee did the kyng's English the war would long since have been over." "After destroying a stained glass window erected by the Reresbys and the parish register which, because they could not read, they said was full ol popery and treason, the miscreants rode away.'' Leonard Wheatcroft, poet, tailor, and parish clerk, who was a. staunch Royalist, composed ,the following lines on the event :- " qrbe ltounlJf}calJs tame 1Jofun upon EastfuoolJ ollJ ball, '' ~nlJ tbc}l tticlJ it fuitg 1mdtodt anb' tritlJ it fuitb ball, "~nlJ tbcy tore .off toe IcalJ worlt, anlJ splintcrctr tbe wao~, "3l3ut as firm!!! as tbtr tbe battlements st.oolJ, " m::iU a barrd of pofulJct at last bill tbe tbing, " ~nlJ tben tf}cy sang psalms for tbe fall .of tbe king." annual rent of eleven.pounds. The manor of Ickles is mentioned in the inquisitiones post mm-tem of. Ralph Reresby in 1530, and of Lionel Reresby in 1559. Lionel's younger son, another Ralph, described himself as 'of the Ickles, co. York,' in his will which was proved [P.C.C.J on the 10 March 1609. I suppose that he rented it from his sister in law who probably had it as part of herjointure. Sir George Reresby set up house at the Ickles at the time of his marriage in 1609 or 1610, a.nd he continued to reside here for some years after his father's death in 1619, being kept out of Thrybergli by his mother. The estate of Ickles and Brinsford, which in 1665 produced £429 2s 4d per annum, was the jointure of Sir George's widow: upon her son's marriage in a.bout 1630-1633 she removed from Thrybergh to Ickles, and resided there till nearly the end of the civil wa.r. We know from Sir John Reresby's Memoirs that from this time to her death in 1665, she was living in London, but in her wi!]. 5-he described herself as of Ickles, co. York, and by it left all the household stwf in her house at Ickles to him who shall be heir of the same, meaning Sir John Reresby her grandson. Lady Reresby upon her settlement in London, in about 1646, seems to have let out the Ickles with her fm•niture in it upon a long lease. Nicholas Hurt, of Ickles, co. York, made his will on the 6th of April, 1653, and in it he mentions "my lea.seat Ickles of Lady Reresby," By his third wife, Anne Skyres, a, descendant of the ancient family of Skyres, of Skyres Hall, in ·whose burial place at Wentworth he chose to be interred, the testator had a younger son, Valentine Hurt, who in 1672 and 1697 was living at Hesley Hall, ~n ancient moated house of the l\founteneys, with a. small deer park attached to it in which there were red deer in 1664, and probably later. In the chancel of Rotherham Church a.re recumbeDt slabs to the memory of Vollantine Burt, geut., who .... XXVlll

The church of Ashover up to this time was '' unsurpassed by any church of the county in the interest and beauty of its windows," and it still boasts a leaden- font of about the year 1150, which is ornamented with twenty upright figures of men in flowing drapery, and may ·well have been given to the church by the father of Serlo de Plesley. The two Reresby pews with their Elizabethan heraldry, less fortunate than that in the church of Hope, have been improved away since 1799 by some ghoul of a restorer. To return to Ralph de Reresby-he must have died in 1275, for on the 19th January of the succeeding year, the sheriff of Nottinghamshire was commanded. to seize upon the manor of Plesley, which Ralph de Reresby, lately deceased, had held in cupite, and had alienated without license, and on the 3rd of February the sheriff of Derbyshire had an order to seize upon all his goods and chattels as of one who bad died in debt to the King. It was the custom of the age to be buried in the nearest monastery, and I suppose that he found interment at Barlings, to which he had been so considerable a benefactor. The gift of Simon Fitz Osbern in the twelfth century to the monks of St. Werburgh at Chester, marks out that Abbey as the earliest burial place of Hugh Fitz Osbern's family, but Simon's cousin, Richard de Ormesby, who died before 1203, was buried at Kirk­ stead, as appears by his charter giving thirty perches in the marsh of Marton to that Abbey with his. own body, and that of Matilda, his wife. Ralph de Reresby's died the 'Ith August, 1692, and Ma.ry, bis wife, who survived till the 1st Sept., 1'710. This Marv Hurt had a grant on the 25th Sept., 1682, of the adminstration to the goods of John Saxton, of Rotheram, gentleman, whose da.ughter and sole heir she was; and her younger son, Jonathan Hurt, married first a sister of Sir John Sta.tham, M.P., P.C., Queen Anne's envoy to the court of Turin, and secondly, in 1727, Katherine, da.ughter of William Sitwell and Mary Reresby, his wife, and sister to William Sitwell, of Renishaw. Ickles, no doubt, passed with all the rest of Sir William Reresby's estates to the Saviles in 170'1, but twenty yea.rs later, a William Kent, gentleman, was living at" Ickles Hall," a.s appears by a, monumental inscription in Rotherham Church. The old house, which is now called "Ickles Hall, though it had a narrow escape of being christened" Brinswortb priory," still survives. Amilefrom Rotherham, and almost within a stone's throw of the the remains of the important Roman settlement at.Templeborough isa line of ancient ·ha.ms of great size, behind which stands The Ickles. The picturesque garden front has hardly been altered, and on this side is a stone-cased well of very unusual depth. The house internally seems to suggest a great antiquity, and would probably tell its own ta.I~ to an experienced architect. I -was shown a chamber of some size, with a curved ceiling and blocked up fireplace, known as the chapel. It bears no signs of having been either built or adapted for sacred purposes, and I should rather have supposed that it was used as a dining-room, were it not tbat the tradition seems to be borne out by the fact that the Lady Reresby who was living here eit tbe time 9f the civil weir we.e e, Reeuea.nt "much led and persuaded by her confessor aind priest." xxix children and grandchildren found perhaps a resting place at Beauchief A:bbey_, and the earliest monument of a member of the family known to_ the Elizabethan heralds, was that at Thrybergh recording the death of Sir Thomas Reresby. in 1439. Sir Ada,m de Reresby, the younger son of Ralph, by his second wife, was given by his mother the New Hall manor in Ashover, and the advowson of the church, upon his marriage in 1302 with an heiress of the name of Deugye or Thethegne, whose surname is unknown, but whose arms were-Gules~ tkree bendlets A.rge1ii. Sir Simon de Reresby, the elder brother of Sir Adam, died without issue, and , . ' in 1316 his uncle, Sir Adam de Normanville, presented him with the manor of Thrybergh, the lordships of Brinsford, great and little Dalton and Bolton, and all their appurtenances· (including the families and chattels of the villeins)· ; ~~ estate which continued to be the chief seat of his family until it was alien~ted by Sir William Reresby in 1705. We have a· glimpse of Sir· Adam's military career in the battle roll of Boroughbridge, which gives amongst the rebel~ "Si-re .A.dam de Reresby," bearing" De Gules, oi'e I. bentle d'Argent, ove iii. croi~ pate tle Sable," but the loyal service wh1ch· he probably rendered _in the Scotch campaigns of the first two Edwards is without record. He w_as forgi-yen for ~is offence and received again into favour, for in 1324 he was summoned t~ West­ minster,+ and on two occasions in 1336 to the King's great council at York,::: a~d he must have been about ninety years of age when he -died soon after the year 1349. . . . . I have seen a drawing of Sir Adam's seal, bearing the Reresby arms: of t~ose used by his father and· grandfather nothing is known ; but his elder brothers Robert and Simon sealed with the device of a star or flower surrounded by the legend of their names, and Ralph the son of Robert and nephew of Sir Adam, with a shield on which there appear mullets rather than crosses upon the bend, Vincent had seen an earlier seal of a member of this family, Sir Ralph Fitz Simon, which. he describes as showing " a man on horsebacke . with his sword and shield," and it is still possible that an equestrian effigy of Simon Fitz Osbern who died in 1184, or even of his father, may turn up in some muniment chest in ·cheshire. Sir Adam had· two sisters, for whom Margery his mother made provision by the gift of" niefes" or serfs. To Isabella she gave William son of Michael de t Foster's Visit, York, p-36. * Report of lords committees on the dignity oi a peer, index to vol.1. nx

Ethelestowe " cum tota seqnela," and Genevilda the widow of Geoffrey together with their holdings in the soke of Ashover, and ten shillings of annual rent: to .Alice, .by a second charter, Gode the daughter of Robert Dalfin, and Matilda, with all their following and chattels. Sir Thomas Reresby, grandson of Sir Adam, and son of the Ralph who was a knight of the shire for Derbyshire in 1325, was engaged in the wars of Edward the Third as appears by a French deed of 1352 made during his absence" en la guere de nostre Seigneur le Roy outre Mere.'' His son, a second Sir Thomas, whose mother was the heiress of the Gothams, served with his father in the French war from its very commencement in 1338, and succeeded- to Thrybergh before 1383, for in that year he conveyed to trustees all the lands which had been John de Gotham's, his uncle ... He gave the following evidence in the Scrope and Grosvenor controversy. ' Sir Thomas Reresby, aged sixty and above, sworn and examined on behalf of 'Sir Richard le Scrope, gave evidence that he had seen and known the said Sir 'Richard always armed in the arms .Azure, a bend Or, and others of his blood, ' some on banners and others armed in them with differences ; that he was ' retained with Sir Henry Scrope for the voyage by sea, when the Prince of Wales ' first passed into Guyenne, and the said Sir Henry raised his banner with the ' Earl of Northampton; that the late King Edward, whom God assoil, kept the 'sea at that time with the Duke of Lancaster, bis son, his son the Earl of Rich­ ' mond, Sir Lionel his son, Sir Edmund de Langley his son, and others, amongst 'whom Sir Henry Scrope was many times armed in the arms Azure a bend Or, 'with a label Argent. And also before Paris in the expedition of the good King ' who is dead Sir Richard was so armed, and when he and his cousin were armed, 'they always used these arms and none other, and their ancestors before them, 'a,s he had heard his ancestors say. And his ancestors heard it from their ' ancestors that the said arms have been continually and peaceably used by them, 'as well in tournaments in time of peace as in time of war, they having descended ' to Sir Richard Scrope by true descent and heritage fr.om the time of the ' Conquest, and he had never heard the contrary. The deponent could not say ' who was the first ancestor of Sir Richard that bore the said arms, it being beyond 'the memory of man, but he had heard say from his ancestors that the said Sir 'Richard and his ancestors had always held their name and arms unchanged 'since the Conquest. He, the deponent, had been armed for thirty-nine years in ' many celebrated places in the time of the good King who is dead, in France, uxl.

'Gascony, Brittany, and .Scotland, and never heard speak of the ancestors or 'Grosvenor, nor-knew of any challenge of the said arms made by Sir Robert of 'by any other.' In the rolls compiled in the reign of Richard the Second, of arms well known in battle or tournament, Sir. Thomas and several other members of his family occur.* £)flonr ~fJomas lLtctsbg, 6uits, on a lltnb ~rgent, tbtct pietcclJ tnttlltts ~able.1 fflansirt lJt ~oiosbJ, be 6uks, a: ttois crois pateis lJt sable m nne bmlJ b'~rgmt.2 trr:tnmas lttsb~, le JJ'yt}, 0iules, on a bcnlJ S!rgcnt tbrcc crosses patonrt .!able; a label of as man~ pmbants, ®t. 3 mtilliam be lt)1ttsbyt, 6ulcs, an a !JcnlJ ~rgent, tbtte crosses patonct, !ablt.3 Eilliam be ltcresbl!, Ic .f~ti, e!iulcs, a nnc bcn'b b'

The dignity of the sheriff's office was supported in a still more prodigal manner, and for ten days together at the Assizes all comers were entertained by the assistance of the two or three hundred liveried servants who were lent by friends. In Sir Thomas Reresby's bill of fare while sheriff of Derbyshire in 1613, are to be noticed " three venison pasties for every meal, fifteen several sorts of fowl, amongst others young swanns, knots, hens, and bitterns, thirteen several sorts of sea :fish, fourteen several sorts of freshwater fish,'' and of all these each was appointed to be ordered a different way. This same Sir Thomas Reresby had been one of Queen Elizabeth's envoys to James VI. of Scotland in 1593, and designing to entertain the King in his passa,ge to London, provided rich hang­ ings and other furniture, and caused the hedges in the way near Thriberg to be hung with flowers and garlands, but the King was by some means hindered from lodging there, Like Sir Roger de Coverley the successive owners of Thrybergb were diligent in attending the sessions of the peace, and kept up their credit in the county by frequently delivering the charge to the grand jury at Rotherham, having previously prepared it with much consumption of midnight oil and deposited a, carefully written copy amongst the family archives. On these occasions, how. ever, that which Canon Bennet calls the 'hereditary pugnacity ' of the family sometimes found unfortunate expression. In 1599 Sir Thomas Reresby was fined £1000 in the Star Chamber and put out of the commission, for a quarrel with Sir Thomas Wentworth upon the bench at Rotherham, which was within an ace of turning the sessions of the peace into a pitched battle with rapier and dagger between the servants of either party, and upon a similar occasion eighty years later Sir John Reresby resented an insulting expression from Mr Jessop by a long shot with a lea.den sta.ndish, which, lighting upon his cheek, cut it quite through. For diversion there was hawking, hunting with beagles, the breeding of horses (in which Sir George Reresby was' very exact') and -shooting with a crossbow, as appea,rs·by the following special license granted by Henry the Eighth under bis sign manual to Thomas Reresby in the lifetime of his father: -" Henry by yt grace of God King of England & ffrance Lord of Ireland to all manner of persons &c greeting: Wee late you wite that of or grace especial have by thes presents licensed or trusty subject Thom: Reresby Gentleman to keep his cross bow in his hons, and ye same Cross bow to exercise and shoot in at libertie, any act or statute to ye contrary notwithstanding &c. Given under or Signet et or Mannor of Eltham ye 24 of April -ye 8th year of or Baigne."_ XXXV:

"The license is more at large and wth an Exception not to use it in ye King's parks fores ts or chases &c.'' I notice that in 1512 a "litill crossbowe ancl a borne " were left to Rauf Reresbe, whom I take to be the father of this Thomas, by Thomas Yong, of Retford. An annual excursion which must have leen looked forward to by the ladies of the family was on Wl1itsu11 l\ionday to Rothetham fair. Sir John Reresby, writing in 1687, ·remarks that for four centuries past his predecessors had received on that day the rent of one penny and the use of the best room and stable at the sign of the Swan, as reserved to the heir of the family upon the sale of that Inn by Richard de Gotham in 1280; and in his grandfather's accounts was the note "Item lent n1y wife at Lenten Fair 4s 9d." Several of the Reresbys were great builders, and indeed six successive heads of the family displayed a certain taste for architecture. It is always interesting to know how an old house has been pulled about and added to, and I have therefore thought it worth while to print Sir John Reresby's occasional notes on the house and church of '11hrybergh, for these, togetl1er with his account, which I shall presently quote of the changes n1ade by himself ; give a complete history of the alterations which Thrybergh Honse unclerwcnt from the middle of the fifteenth to the end of the seventeenth century. Thehouseisnolonger standing and I am therefore unable to learn from its structure any of its earlier history, but the central portion was probably the same timber building in which Ralph de Normanville was living in the reign of Henry the Second. The heralds noticed in 1585 the arn1s of 1\iatilda de Gotham "in glass of owld in the house of Thriber," and this fact coupled with the appearance of Thomas Breton, Artificer-Carpenter, as an inhabitant of the village in 1379 seems to me to suggest that spoils of the French. war were laid out in beautifying it. '\Villian1 de Reresby who died very old c. 1470 "repaired Thriberge church, " built the Spire and certainly was at the charge of making most of the windows " in that church, since ther ,vas mention of severall descents before him, but of "none after him, till the glass was defaced in the late wars. He is painted in " the south ·window of the body of the church in a scarlet gown praying before "the Alter, as on the other side of the1eaf with that inscription underneath. " I suppose he w1as also a Benefactor to the rebuilding of York~ Minster burnt "down the 3c1 of Edw. 4th• 1464, for Reresby's eoat is over one of the Arches " which I put into Collours when she1·iff." . XXXVl

The arms of ,villiam de Reresby are still to be seen, cut in stone below the the spire, ancl in the west window I saw, a few months ago, his painted effigy, together with a fourteenth century figure of Cecilia, wife of Sir ThomasReresby, and heiress of the de Gothams, a beautiful representation of our Saviour, one or two broken angels, and the remains of a sf:lries of ar1norial shields. This is all that is left of the blaze of heraldic display, ,vhich in spite of the smallness of the building, was only surpassed by two or three churches throughout York­ shire. The church notes added to the herald's visitation of 1584 describe the windows as then containing the portraits of every' lord of Thrybergh from the reign of John to the end of the fifteenth century ; the wives in quaint costume and headdress, the knights in complete armour; both kneeling and bearing on gown or surcoat the arms and impalements of Reresby. These effigies, except the two I have mentioned, have long since vanished, but old pen and ink drawings of eight of the figures are to be found in Harley MSS., 1394, 18 011, and 1420, six were sketched by Sir John, and one or two are given in Dugdale's Yorkshire arms in the Herald's College, and in a manuscript of Johnston's belonging to Mr ~,rank, of Campsa11.~r- 'rheir interest consists in the fact that they were real memorial portraits set up in the lifetime of of the persons represented. Arnold, a you11ger brother of ,villiam, left by his will in 1485 the sum of six shillings and eightpence to make a window in the chapel of the Blessed l\lary on the bria ge of Rotherham. '1Villiam's nephew and heir, Ralph de Reresby, who cliecl in the year 1530, founded in his lifetime a chantry to be erected in St. Leonanl's cburcl1 in Thribergh, and added to it by his will, in which document he also mentions the lodge in bis park. His son, Thomas Reresby, was" a b11ilder, a great part of Thriberge hous " being built I soppose by him as it stood till much of it was altered by 1ny selfe. "The reasons why it appears to n1e he built ther are these. Ther is ye l1ead " of an old bedstead yet in ye hous wher ye figures of this sd : Tho1nas and "his wife are carved in two pannells as ye Coats of Ar1nes annexed to them "demonstrate. The manner of it thus. "One of ye Crosse patee in ye Escution and ye Trefoile in another over against "it are just soe carved upon ye main pillers in ye Hall wch support ye hous as "this are here, well showes it was ye fancy of~ sa1:Ue person and ye figure of a * Johnston l\i!S y, 1., iu the possession of F. Dacon Frank, Esq., of Campsall Hall, co. York. . XX'X.Vll..

'' hons carved near him seems to allude that he was a, builder : moreover upon " ye front of an old Gate hons (wch I tooke away) was carved his and his wife her "arms, with ye goat in manner of a support on one side and ye treifoile on ye "other us in ye figure above. Another reason to thes is that tradition telleth "us that he died in much debt notwithstanding his possessions and great estate ·· (ye common fate of builders). Lionel Reresby his son seems to have built at Dennaby Hall in the parish of Mexborough. which he bought from his brother-in-law Roger Vavasor, and where his widow was residing in 1577. Fifty years ago Hunter the historian of South Yorkshire noticed in one apartment an oak chimney piece richly carved with the arms and ·crests of Reresby and Swift: there was the Reresby motto" Mercy J esu" and that of Swift " De bon servira," and round the principal shield was this posy "Blessed are they, the Scripture doth say, that heares the worde of God, and keepes yt alwaye." · Thomas Reresby, the son of Lionel, "added much to Thribergh hous by build­ " ing a part to it called ye newarke, wher ye tower to y0 west now stands, and " he beautified othir_ ·parts of the hons with wainscot as the parler or low dineing "room ns appears by his and his wife's arms in the last Escution over the " chilnney." Sir Thon1as, who succeeded Thomas his father in about 1586, built· first " ye tower to ye East of Thriberge Hall wainscotted ye gallerie and boarded it "with severall other rooms ther. He built Estwood Hall at Ashover of ffree '' stone and leaded the roofe which coste him above 2000 only to live in that year "that was sherif of Darbyshire, ·which office he is reported to have performed at " too prodigall a rate in the year 1613." "This Sir Thomas Reresby died in 1619 at a house he had at Newark, whither " he had gone for change of air." Such a life of luxury and display was far more dangerous than a soldier's career, ~]!d during the period of which I have been treating the owners of Thrybergh died at about fifty years old, instead of attaining the grand ages of eighty or ninety of which few of their ancestors had fallen short in times of Knight service. Early marriages at about the age of eighteen years were arranged for them, and fa1nilies of fourteen or fifteen children were the rule rather than the exception. The daughters, in spite of their number, always obtained husbands "of good fortune and quality," but the lot of younger sons was a harder one, and few were able to marry, unless iu 1uiddle age "ith nxviii heiresses or rich widows. In five generations from the middle of the sixteenth century I find that seven younger sons married and left issue, but only one of the younger branches thus formed continued in the male line for more than a generation. Indeecl the marriages of younger sons were less fruitful in children than those of their eldest brothers in a ratio of something like one to five. I am not able to give any trustworthy estimate of the income upon which this manner of life was supported. The Reresby property, simply described in earlier times as two knights fees in Thrybergh and Ashover, and in later days catalogued with the most minute detail of dependent lordships and extents, and acres of land, meadow, and pasture, was considered a 'great estate' (though not so according to modern ideas), and varied with every successive owner, but almost always in the wrong direction/:: There can be traced in its vicissitudes that which I believe to be an economic tendency of universal application; name­ ly, that, in spite of the ingenuity of lawyers, all estates which are not strictly entailed, and most of those which are, tend in a very few generations to diminish and waste away so rapidly that unless reinforced from outside, they practically disappear. The pressure towards waste is irresistible, because in past ages, as at the present day, landlords have been brought up to spend their incomes, ignorant or regardless of the fact that every man who lives up to his income is upon the brink of ruin, as being unprepared to meet the unforeseen expenses which are certain to occur; and again because landed proprietors (even now in these days of life insurance) always refuse_ to provide out of their own property for their daughters and younger sons, but prefer to do so at somebody else's expense. * The estate to which Sir John Reresby the author of the Memoirs succeeded, was very small compared with that which his immediate predecessors had enjoyed. At his death in 1689 he left an inc.ome of £1700 per annum, besides a capital su.in of .£4000; but when he first entered in 1659 into possession of Thrybergh, the whole property :produced only £355 a year in addition to the two jointures upon it. In 1662 Sir John was able to improve his rents by nearly £100 per annum, and in 1665 his grandmother's jointure at Brinsford and Ickles fell in by her death; but of the .£429 2s. 4d. which represented the annual rent of the latter estates, he made over £220 to his brothers and sister. In 1668 his mother died, and he succeeded to her jointure, which was perhaps as much as £400 a. year, yet even upon this calculation the whole value of the landed property to which he thus succeeded by instalments cannot have been more than £1300 a year. Sir John's salary as governor of York was £500, but the total income with which he did so much in the world can hardly have been more than £1500. He might have played a much :larger and more useful part in national affairs bad his relations treated him more justly and honestly; his grandmother however diverted from him her inheritance of £1200 a year, and a revenue of £800, in addition to the enormous sum of £80,000 obtained by the sale of lead, was lost to him, owing to Ashover the most ancient estate of the Reresbys having been so overcharged with portions for daughters that it had to be sold. xxxix

In spite of a match with the heiress of the Gothams in the reign of Edward the Third, of the rich portion of Robert Swift's daughter in days of monastic spoil, and of the still more fortunate match with the elder daughter and coheir of John Tamworth,squire of the bodytoQueenElizabeth, the Thrybergh property continued to diminish rather than increase in extent. The chief spoilers of the family inheritance were Sir Thomas Reresby at the commencement of the fifteenth century, another Thomas in the reign of Henry the Eighth, and a Sir Thomas who died in 1619, each of whom left a ' vast debt ' for his successors to liquidate; but I find an indication of an earlier spendthrift in Ralph de Norman­ ville's oath, made before Ralph de Tilli upon the marriage day of his son in about 1185, that for .the future he would not " take above a mark in usury, nor sell nor mortgage land without the consent of Ralph de Normanville his son." Other members of the family were illmanagers, and Thrybergh was forfeited for tre·ason and redeemed after the battles of Evesham and Boroughbridge and sequestrated for malignancy in the wars of the parliament. But far more dangerous to an estate than extravagance or treason was the custom, which seems to have grown up after the suppression of the monasteries, of providing unfairly large portions for daughters, When feudalism was in its prime, a gift of serfs with their holdings and of a few shillings of annual rent had been thought sufficient provision for the daughters, and for the younger sons seven or eight bovates of land, or one of the two family livings and an equally small annuity. Indeed a rector of Ashover or Thrybergh in the middle ages, living on the edge of the park, and within a few yards of the hall where his nearest relatives so often resided ; acting as his elder brother's trustee in family settlements, and in some degree as his representative when absent, and officiating in a gloriously beautiful church, had every reason to think that he was making the best of the present as well as of the future world. There were up to the year 1527 seven rectors of the naine of Reresby at Ashover, and as many at Thrybergh, but I cannot find a single instance of a member of the family having taken to trade, unless the "\Villiam Reresby, a wealthy draper of Londo1-1, whose interesting will is dated 31 Oct., 1447, was a distant connection. After the civil war a more sensible fashion set in, and Sir John Reresby's brother J ervase became a Spanish merchant of much reputation and business, though Edrnond, another brother, who was bound apprentice to a wholesale woollen draper, found his "genius Xl more inclined for a military employn1ent." In the reign of William Rufus Hugh le Blount gave seven bovates of land to Simon hi.s younger son for his homage and service; Richard, a younger son of the Ralph de Reresby who died c. 1275, had a meesuage and seven and a half bovates in Ashover; John Reresby a younger son of the Sir Adam who died c. 1350, was left by his father an annuity of sixteen shillings; John the younger son of Sir Thomas Reresby who clied c. 1370 had the same amount settled upon him out of Thrybergh. The third Sir Thomas Reresby by a settlernent of the year 1435 provided annuities out of Thrybergh of five marks each for his sons John and Arnold, of ten marks for Ralph, another younger son, and portions of £40 apiece for his daughters. Such provision does not seem so very small, if we compare the annual return of eleven pounds of silver for which Lucy the widow of the second Sir Thomas Reresby sold· in 1397 all her rights of dower to her son, with the income of £400 a year which the widow of Sir George Reresby was enjoying out of Thrybergh in the first half of the seventeenth century. Ralph Reresby of Th1·ybergh mentions in his will of the year 1527 that he had previously settled an annuity of twenty marks upon each of his grandsons Rauf and Lionel. ,vhat a contrast is this to the three thousand pounds ·which Sir Thomas Reresby in about 1613 settled upon two of his daughters out of the manor of Ashover, which he thus brought to the hammer! The quarrel between King and Parliament afforded a better field than the magisterial bench for the military instincts of the family, and almost every male member of it took up arms for the King, while most of them fought out the war to the bitter end. Before this time the Netherlands had been the only opening for a soldier's career : two younger sons in succeeding generations were com­ manders there, and the second, who had been educated in the household of the Infanta, then governess of the Low Countries, and had lost his command by joining in Count Mansfelt's revolt, left a son, Eugenius Reresby, who served long against the parliament. Sir John Reresby, the head of the family, who had been made a baronet in 1642, was active in the commission of array to raise men for the King, was with Newcastle in his army and in several of the King's garrisons at York, Newark, &c., but while travelling by night from this latter place to Thrybergh he was shot at anc1 capturell by a party of horse, and only released on parole and with the sequestration of his estate. His uncle Sir Tamworth Reresby who was knighted at the restoration, distinguished himself more highly. At the commencement of the war he was a lieutenant-colonel in Ne,•tcastle's army, and after the rout at Allerton :M:oor was in the garrison at Basing House till it was taken and he being woundetl in his head and several parts of his body was sent prisoner to Ely House in London. After four months imprisonment he broke a passage into a neighbouring house, escaped in woman's apparel, and flying to the King at Oxford, continued with him to the end of the war. George, brother to Sir Tamworth, was a man of great courage and conduct in the civil war, and got particular honour at the famous raising of Pontefact siege. Sir John gives the following account of the military services of his five cousins, the sons of Godfrey Reresby, of Donaby. Godfrey, fifth son of Sir Thomas Reresby by Margaret Babington, his wife, 'brought up towards the law, married with a younger branch of the familie of ' Swift, by whom he had issue. ',villiam, kild in an engagement at Kilburn in Derbyshire in the late war. 'Thomas, Capt. Lieutenant to my Lord Cleveland's own troop v{bo is yet ' living; he 111arried [one of the Byrons of Stoke] a1Hl had issue one daughter. ' Francis [of Todwick GrangeJ Voluntier in the Prince his troop ; afterwards 'he was Major to Sir Philip l\fonckton's rcgin1ent of hors and continued in the ' war to the last. He was after the war seemecl endecl one of the principal persons ' with Colonel Morris at the taking of Ponfret Castle whence being sent with that 'party into Lincolnshire which encountered Collonel Rochester at Willoughby ' it was hee that dismembered the safrl Collonel with a shott by a blunderbuss. ' He marryed a widow with a good fortune, is yet living but hath noe issue. ' Leonard, cornet to Sir Samuel Tuke in the war who marryed and hath issue 'a son and a daughter [Mary, wife of William Sitwell]. ' Godfrey, who was a Co1nmander and behaved hin1self with great credit in the 'King's army as the rest did came home after and died of a consumption.':::

'~ The names of these five brothers are given in Dugdale'a visitation, but of them only Leonard, who settled at Ecclesfield in consequence of his marriage with Emote, daughter and coheir of Thomas Wilson, of Oughtibridge Hall, left any male issue. Francis Reresby his son succeeded to the ' good_Jo_rtune ' of his uncle and namesake, and had a grandson John, to whom the representa­ tion of the Reresby family passed upon the death of Sir Leonard Beresby in 1748. Concerning this John Reresby, the 1ast descendant in the male line of Hugh Fitz Osbern of 1086, I have I am sori-y to say very little information. His book plate bears the inscription E. Libris Johannis Reresby, A. B. Coll. RE gin. Cantab. A. D. 1752, an<.1 it appears that he took his degree from Queen's College, Cambridge, two years before that date. He hau I believe a comfortable income, which was increased in 1777 by an annuity of £300 left him by his cousin William Sitwell of Renishaw; but filome unrecoverable circumstance induced him to cut ~imself loose from every tie, and in that year or not long afterwarl1S Ile died in Maryland, America. I fl.ml him called' Sir' John Reresb.y in In 1659 Sir John Reresby succeeded to a house which hac.1 been plundered by "the Sheffieldians/' and an estate reduced to the lowest ebb by the loyal sacrifices of his father. His writings are a useful source of information con­ cerning the court of Charles the Second and James the Second, anc"! we have in them that which is lacking in the diaries of Pepys and Evelyn, a striking pictnre of the life, the hospitality and friendships, the public duties and private quarrels of a country gentleman of :the old school-of an earlier Sir Hoger de Coverley. I must, however, confine myself to quoting Sir John's account of the alterations and additions which he made at his country seat, as an introduction to which take the following description written by Nathaniel Johnston, Dugdale's pupil, for a projected history of Yorkshire. 'The town of Thribergh is scituate upon the sum1nit of a moderately swelling 'hill, about the navell of which stand the church and the Hall near adjoyning, 'which last, having beene the place of residence of the flourishing ffamilys of 'Normanville and Reresby, hath recieved 1nuch ornament by tl1e direction and ' charges of the honourable owners, the present and last Sir John Reresby ' Baronetts. The ffirst by the beautifying the scituation with a delightfnll garden ' and maze or labyrenth and close walks and other plantations, and the later by 'a grott ffountaines and transposing all according to the present age, and the ' greate additions of buildings tio mako the rest Uniform, and by the ingenious 'contrivance of the owner, hath made the old place dressed in such ~odi8h habit, 'that nothing lookes decrepit in so ancient a seate, but all gay and rarely con-

several legal papers, ancl for long after his death his family were expecting him to return and claim the baronetcy. Certainly be had no children, and apparently he was never married, but a raithcr doubtful tradition conveys a. dark story of a wife, of an unexpected return from hunting when living at Ravenfield Hall, and of a sudden desperate resolve to see home and country no more. His great-aunt, Mary Reresby, married in 1693 William Sitwell, a younger son of Francis Sitwell of Renisbaw, and of Margaret his wife, sister to that William Sacheverell, a diatinguished political leader, of whom Macaulay says that he was an orator whose greabpal'liamentary abilities were many years later a. favourite theme of old men who lived to see the conflicts of Walpole and Pulteney. There remain at Renishaw a silver tobacco box with the arms and.initials of this William Sitwell bought by him in the year of his marriage, and a portrait of his wife. To her descendants the sole repre­ sentation of the Reresbys eventually passed, and something more than a mere heraldic representa­ tion, for Samuel Phipps of Budding Grange, Ravcnfield Ha.11, and Lincoln's Inn, whose mother was a Reresby, left in 1791 to Francis S.itwell of Renishaw with remainder to his younger sons, a large fortune which helped to found branches of the family at Barmoor Castle in Northumberland, and Ferney Hall in Shropshire. I owe several of these particulars to my friend, Alfred Scott Gatty, York Herald, whose genealogy of the Reresbys is a model of wha.t such productions ought to 1,e, C!tbapter 1.

THE SUIT OF 1194. Record Office, Ooram rege roll, No. 2 of' Rich. L Anno 6. (a.d. 1194- 1195.) Membrane--6 dorso. "Lincoln, rro Wit. A day is given to Richard de Ormesbi and Isore, in the octave of St. Hilary, concerning a claim of land, and let Ralph, son of Simon, be summoned that he be then at Westminster that it should be known to which of them he s~1all will to bind himself concerning that holding. And it is recorded that Isore hath demanded 7 bovates of land in Moreton, against Richard de .Ormesbi, as his right which descended to him from Alexander his father, and he willed to prove his seisin by a certain champion named Robert. And Richard defended the right and seisin of his father, and said that they ·are of one stock, so, to wit, that Hugo Blundus had two sons, namely, Osbert and Simon, and gave to Simon that land for his homage and service; and from him it descended to this Richard. And Osbert, the first-born, had three sons, Hugh, and Alexander, and Simon, who had the rest of the inheritance of Hugo Blundns ; and out of this land Simon, father of Richard, did homage, first to Hugh, his father, and afterwards to Osbert, his brother; and the said Richard thereof did homage to Hugh, son of Osbert. From Hugh descended that land to Simon, his brother, to whom the said Richard likewise did homage for it, and still is the 1nan of Ralph, son of Simon, from whom he holds that land. To wit, Ysore comes and says, that he holds himself ready to prove his right and the seisin of his father (so that his father took thereof the revenue to the value of five shillings, or more, as of his fee and. right, in the time of King Henry the father) by Robert Botolf, who offers to prove this against him LRichard son of Simon], as of the view of his father, by his body as the Court shall determine. Ancl Richard defends his right and the seisin of the father of the said Ysore, by . To Wit, A day is give to them in the o_otave of St. Hilary and &c. let Ysore come with his proof, and Richard with his· defence. To Wit, another day was given to them from Easter Day in 15 days; on that day they came, and Richard.put hiniself on the Great Assize to determine which of' them should have the greater right in that land ;· a day is given· that four Knights may come to elect twelve Knights on Thursday after the Ascension, and Richard swore to Isore the peace of the lord the King from him and his," . First a.s to' the ·locality of ·Moreten. in Lincolnshire. Eyton, the great antiqu11iry, who had seen this suit, identifies the place with Marton in Langhoe Wapentake, near Timberland (Addit. MS8 31,929-p-113) ·and · the following charters lea,ve no room for doubt that he was right.

' : •/ ' -~ ' #. ' • '. • • • ' • • : # • : • · Ki-rlcsteaiJ Oartulary, B.M. Vespasian E-xviii f"lio 34-B charter $tCV. "Omnibus sancte Ecclesie filiis presentibus et futuris Ricardus de Ormesbi salutem. Sciatis me concessisse et dedisse et hac mea carta in liberam et puram et perpetua,m elemosinam de triginta perticatis quas habui in latum in Marisco confi.rmasse deo et Ecclesie sancte Marie de Kyrkested et Monachis ejusdem loci deeem pertioatas in latum a sud parte et in longum a Cardik per medium more usque.in Widman ubique per ipsam lat1tudinem scilieet ad turba.s·fodien­ das et pratum et coopertivam falcanda, et ad habend um et .tenend11m libere et '.. . quiete de omni servitio et consuetudine et omni exaccione sicut nnquam ulla elemosina liberius et quietius teneri potest. Et ego et heredes mei has decem perticatas Marisci in latum et in longum a dura terra nsque ad Widman waran- ' tizabimns et de nostro alio tenemento acquietabimus ad opus ipsorum Mona- chorum contra omni (read omnes) homines in perpetuum. Et bane elemosinam \ eis dedi simul cum corpore meo et cum corpore Matildis spouse mee apnd ~ Kyrkestede ad obituni nostrum sepeliendis. Et.sci'.endum [est]' quod'hec decem perticate Marisci sunt de Marisco de Marton. Teste ---" s

" To all sons of Holy Ohnrch, present and to come, Richard de Ormesbi, greeting. Know ye that I have granted and given, and.by this my charter, in :free and pure and perpetual alms, of thirty perches which I had in width in the Marsh, have confirmed to God, and the Church of St. Mary of Kyrksted, and the Monks of t~e sa,me pl~~, ten perches in width from the south part, and in length from Cardik by the middle of the moor up to Widman, everywhere by the same width, to wit, to dig turfs. and to mow the meadow and covert, and to have and hold free and quit of an service a.nd custom, and all exaction, a.s freely and quietly as ever any alms can be held. And I and my heirs these ten perches of marsh in width and in length from hard land up to W,"idµian will_ I '!arrant and will ac_quit_ from our other tenement for the use of the said monks a,gainst all men for ever. And this alms I have given to them together with my body, and with the body of Matilda my wife, at Kyrksted at our death to be buried. And it is to be known that these ten perches of marsh are of the Marsh of Marton. Witness--- "

Ibid, Git. xxvii. Charter of Walter son of Willia,m of Marton. Grant and eonfirmation to the church and monastery of Saint Mary of Kirkstead of . ' ., . . ' . ~ . a bovate of land, and a croft in Marton, witl;t all privileges appertaining thereto "in villa et extra" for the health of his soul, his wife's, his father's, his mother's, his relations' and, all his ancestors'. Witn. "Ricardo de Ormesbi, Rogero, etc.''

Ibid, Ok. xx·viii.-Omnibns sancte ecclesie filiis presentibns et futuris Walterus filius Wilhelmi salutem. Sciatis me concessisse et dedisse et hac mea ca:rta confirmasse Deo et Ecclesie sancte ~arie ~e Kirksted, communem pasturam per campos de Marton aJd ccc. multones (sheep) et liberum ire et mare ad animalia sua per terras meas ad campos de Timberland etc. 4

The last of these charters proves that Marton lies close to Timberland. They must be dated before 1218, for after them (p. 66 remarkecl 37) and before some later grants of land in Marton is a charter of Ranulph Earl of Chester dated in that year in Roman numerals. At the time of the lawsuit Richard de Ormesby was evidently in actual possession of the seven bovats, and it was his homage and the services due from the land that Isore, as heir of Hugo Blundus, was demanding. It is not easy to form an opinion whether or no this, like so many early actions between members of the same family, was but a collusive suit brought according to agreement with the intention of putting a title upon record. However this may be-the fact that Isore did :bot in later:thnes own land in Marton, and the gift by Richard which I have just brought forward, prove that the latter had been successful in retaining the seven bovats. Blundus, in Norman 'Le Blount,' in English 'The Fair,' is in this case evidently a personal nickname, not borne by-·other members of the family, and there is no reason to connect the bearer with the great Norman house of that name. The pedigree up to I-Iugo Blundus, put in by Richard de Ormesby, is heraldic and legal evidence ; it is a statement as to the descendants of his gTandfather, there is nothing to show that Isore disputed it, and if he did it must have been unsuccessfully. It is obvious from the wording of the suit that Hugh died in the lifetime of his two sons Osbert and Simon. Osbert the eldest was heir to all Hugh's possessions except these seven bovats in Moreton, and after Hugh's death Simon did homage to Osbert for this land. It does not appear whether Osbert or Simon lived the longest. Osbert was succeeded by his eldest son Hugh to whom Richard son of Simon did homage. This is Richard de Ormesby the defendant, and I suppose he is an old man at the time of this suit, as he was of a generation higher than Isorius or Ralph Fitz Simon, and had done homage to three overlords in succession-for the land at Moreton. We have a.n indication of the date by Isore's statement that his father Alexander

had taken revenue from the land in the time- 1:_of King Henry the Father (Henry II.), From this we gather ·that in a certain year in the reign of Henry the Second, .Alexander and Simon his brother were living, and that their father Osbert and their elder brother Hugh_~were_-_ dead. Now jf Hugh the son of Osbert died in some year in the reign of Henry the Second, or even earlier, we must allow a very early date for his grandfather Hugo Blundus. And taking 5 the ordinary computation for four generations from Isorius and Ralph Fitz Simon we arrive at the year 1094 (eight years after the great survey) as the time when it may reasonably be supposed that their great grandfather Hugo Blundus was of the same age and in the prime of life. From Hugh, who died no doubt without issue, the property descended not to Alexander, as we should have expected, but to Simon; and Richard did homage to him and was still the man of his son Ralph Fitz Simon. Though Isore asserted the seisin of his fa.ther Alexander, yet I have already given reasons for believing that he lost his case. To account for the non succession of Alexande:r to the property, and to the overlordship of the land at Moreton, we must either consider the direct statement of our document that the land descended from Hugo to Simon his brother to be stronger evidence, than the enumeration in order of the three sons Hugo, Alexander, and ..Simon is to the contrary, that Simon was next brother to Hugo and older than Alexander; or we must conjecture that Alexander was disinherited, either as being born out of England, or as being unfit to perform the military services in person, or for other reasons. That Ralph Fitz Simon was allowed by both parties and by the authorities of the Curia Regis to be the head of the family, seems to be demonstrated by the words of the suit. "And let Ralph son of Simon be summoned that he be then at Westminster that it should be known to which of them he shall will to bind himself concerning that holding."

We lose sight of the case after the appeal to the Grand Assize. Could it be traced further we should no doubt find that Richard de Orn1esby defended himself by producing the charter whereby Hugo Blundus (probably in the reign of Rufus) gave the land to Simon his son for his homage and service, perhaps also charters in confirmation from Osbert and Hugh and from the King or other chief lord of the fee. Richard's statement as to the gift by Hugo Blundus to Simon father of Richard cannot have been made :from personal knowledge or ,, - memory, and he would not have dared to make it except upon the evidence of documents in his possession. It is the object of my essay to trace and identify the family and individuals whose genealogy is introduced into this case in the Curia Regis. To do this successfully it is necessary in the first place to reach firm ground by discovering what and where was their original estate, the 'Alia hereditas' which had 6

descended from Hugo to Osbert, and must necessarily have been in 1194 in the ' . . . ' . . hands of Osbert's representative. With this object in view I sha~l t~ke up one

by one Isore, Richard de Ormesby, and Ralph Fitz Simon1 give all re!~rences to them that I have been able to discover, and define the esta~e of each. We cannot learn from the suit whether the land at Moreton was held of the King or of some other lord, for the Curia Regis was not confined to tenants in capite, but any freeholder might bring thither his snit.

Isore, Y sore, or Isorius is the Norman French form of the name Isidore, which is of such_ rare occurrence in England th~t I doubt whether a single other instance in early times is known. The heralds at th~ visitation of Yorkshire in 1584-1585 were shown and accepted evidence that the Reresbies of Thribergh I were descended from a certain Isorius Fitz Alexander of Reresby in Co. Lincoln, who married .A.micia eldest daughter and coheir of John DeiIJ.court and of Amabilia his wife daughter and coheir of Serlo lord of Plesley and Ashover in Derbyshire. This marriage can be abundantly proved from the public record~. I only mention it as shewing that !sore de Reresby must have been a man of good position, family, and estate, but I call attention to the accepted fact that like the Isore of our suit he was the son of a father named Alexander. There 1s no doubt as I will now show that these two individuals were identical. Reresby from which Isore took his surname is Reresby (now Reasby) near Lincoln, in Wraghow Wapentake and not far from Marton. Under the name of Ysore or Isore as in the suit of 1194, or as Isore de Reresby, notices of him can be found both in the public records, and in m~ny original charters in the British Museum. Record Office, Coram rege roll, No. 71 of John, not dated. Membrant,-7. " Lincolnia, scilicet, Matilda W esel' petit versus Ysoriam de Rerisb' et J ulianam matrem suam terciam partem ij. Bovatarum terre, cum pertinenciis, in Reresb' ut dotem suam que earn contingit ex dono Willelmi W esel' quondam -viri sui; et ipsi Ysoria et Juliana veniunt et petunt visum terre et habent.-dies datus est eis die tercio post festum sancte Crucis, apud Bedef [ord] et interim :fiat visus." 7

Ooram rege roll, No.· 71 of John; not dated. Membrane-·. 1. " Assise nove disseisine capte apud Lincolniam die tercio post assumpcionem beate Marie.

Scilicet, Assisa venit recognitura si Radulphus de N oremanville injuste et sine j udicio disseisivit J ulianam de Reresbi de libero tenemento suo in Reresby infra Assisam ' Scilicet, Juratores dicunt quod non ita disseisivit earn Scilicet, J udicium. Juliana in misericordia pro falso clamore." Membrane-IO. Under: "Amerciamenta apud Lincolniam, per Simonem de Pat [eshulle] et socios ejus."

'' De Juliana de Reresb', pro falso clamore-dimidia marca." British Museum. Harleian Oha1"ters-44-A.-48. ( The original.) Willelmus prior et Conventus de Bulington Roberto filio Heltonis de Snelleslund viginti acras terre in Snelleslund, videlicet illas quas Hugo de ·Neovill habuit de dono Heltonis patris predicti Roberti quas idem Hugo nobis dedit. His testibus. Willelmo Burdeht, Willelmo de Buslingtorp, Ysore de Reresby, Philippa de Merle, Johanne filio Willelmi de Buslingtorp, Galfrido de Lund, Magistro Johanne filio ejus, Petro filio Radulphi, Stephano filio Willelmi.( temp Joh. according to Museum ca~a~ogue.) B.M. · Harley Okarters-53-0-2. ( The original.) Galfridus de Lund monachis de Kirkestede terras in Snelleslunde. His testibus. Ada de Merula, Ysoreo de Reresby, Stephano filio persone de Snelleslund, Petro filio Radulphi de Snelleslund, Willelmo filio Swein (Seal a fleur de Lis, dated temp Hen. III in Museum Catalogue.) 8

B.M. Kirksteail Oartula1·y-Vespctsian E. xviii-p-8. Robertus filius Heltonis de Snelleslund Deo et ecclesie Beate Marie et e,apelle Sanoti Leonardi de Kirkestede et monachis ejusdem loci. Test. Gaufrido de Lund, Isore de Reresby, Stephano filio persone, Petro filio Radulphi, Willelmo Haribrun, Roberto Fabro. p-221 (renumbered 121.) Margareta quondam uxor Heltonis de Snelleslund terras in Snelleslund. His testibus. Petro de Bekering, Isoreo cle Reresbi, Gaufrido de Lund, R. Camerario. p-221 (remarked 121.) Robertus :fi.lius Heltonis confirmans terras in SnelleRlund. His testibus. Ada de Merula, Y soreo de Reresbi, Stephano filio persone, Petro filio Radulphi, Willelmo filio Swain. p-221 (remarked 121.) Robertus :fi.lius Heltonis monachis de Kirkestede. His testibus. Ada de Merula, Ysoreo de Reresbi. p-221 (remarked 121.) Robertus filius Heltonis 1nonachis de Kirkestede. His testibus. Ada de Merula, Ysoreo de Reresbi, Stephano :fi.lio persone. p-222. Robertus filius Heltonis monachis de Kirkestede. His Testibus. Gaufrido de Lund. Isoreo de Reresby. p-222. Robertus :fi.lius Heltonis monachis de Kirkestede. His testibus. Gaufrido de Lund, Isore de Reresbi, Stephano. p-224. Robertus fi.lius Heltonis monachis de Kirkestede. His testibus. Ada, de Merula, Gaufrido de Lund, Ysore de Reresbi. 9

In these nine charters Isore de Reresby appears in the company of Robert son of Helton de Snelleslund, Geoffrey de Lund, and Adam de Meruht. Helton de Snelleslund, the father of Robert, was a person of some importance. There are in tbe Harley collection in the British Museum _six of his original charters (56-0-44 to 56-0-49) in one of which (56-0-45) he calls himself "patronus ecclesie de Snelleslund," in another "Helto filius Johannis de Wikingebi," (56-0-47). 56-0-49 is a charter of Bertram de Snelleslund and of Helto his lord. Helton's seaL to all these is a bird, and in the latter charter it is curious that the seal of the vassal (a lion) is larger than that of his superior lord. Wikingebi was the chief seat of the great race descended from Herbert the Chamberlain to the King of Scotland, at the very commencement of the twelfth century, and in the Kirkstead Cartnlary-p-2b9 -(remarked 115) on slip, we have the following charter-

Stephanus de Wikingebi fi.lius Herberti Camerarii confirmans dona­ c10nem quam Gregorius de Sunthorp fecit de ecclesia de Snelleslund. His testibus. Willelmo Salvagio, Symone filio ejus, Johanne de Wikingebi,:· Heltone filio ejus, Radulpho de La Land, Rainaldo de Brocelbi, Herino fratre cjus, Ramone Carpentario, Willelmo Fabro de Langwad.

Helton de Snelleslund belonged then to this great family, but I decline to identify John de Wikingebi with John brother of Ralph the son and heir of Ralph Fitz Stephen, f o:t Helto as witnessing the charter of Stephen Fitz Herbert cannot be his great grandson. I have seen no proof of John's relationship to Stephen, but the dates render it more probable that he was son, brother, or cousin; Helton did not inherit the Snelleslund fee from his father, for the charter which I have quoted shows that a certain Gregory de Suntorp, a vassal of,. Stephen Fitz Herbert, was at that time patron of the church of Snelleslund. Harley charters 56-C-46 is made in the name of Helton de Snelleslund, and of Wimarc or Wumarce his mother, and her seal together with his is appended and bears the legend-Sigill Wimarc Filie Gregori Sunt. She was then the daughter and heiress of this Gregory de Suntorp. In Kirkstead Cartulary page 199 (remarked 109.) Gregorius de Suntorp gives "quatuor bovatas in campis de Suntorp de patrimonio meo " and the date 1159 is given in 10

Roman numerals. Harley charters 47-1-8 is a confirmation by Stephen the Chamberlain of that "donacionem quam Gregorius fecit eis de tribus pasturis in campis de Suntorp et Snelleslund--cum pastura in Suntorp pro quingentis ovibus per majus centum." I add a pedigree of this family of Snelleslund which possesses some interest to students of Lincolnshire history.

GREGOR1US DE SUNTORP =. his charter to Kirke­ stead, dated 1159, patron of the Church of Snelleslund. I WILLIAM JonN DE WIKINGEBI = W1MARc or WuMARcE Avunculus witness in 1167 to mater Heltonis. Har­ Heltonis. charter of Symon de ley charters, 51-G- Horbeling Kirks­ 15. Her seal bears the tead cartula.ry l'· 200 legend Sigill Wima.rc (re-marked 109.} :Filie Gregori Sunt.

HELTON DE SNELLES- = MARGERIA, KIRKSTEAD WILLIAM LUND, patron of the Cartulary, p-221- a, clerk. Church there. A (re-marked 121.) ~eat benefactor to Kirkstead.

RoBERTUS FILIUS llELTONIS de Snelleslund. A fre­ quent benefactor to Kirk­ stea.d.

There are a very large number of Helton's charters in the cartulary of Kirkstead, on pages 202-204, 206, 210, 212, 213 (remarked 117), 214. 215 (remarked 118), 216, 217 (remarked 119), 218, 219. Helton is also witness to many charters of Robertus Camerarius in the cartulary or amongst the Harley collection (47-1-11.) Having found Isore de Reresby a never wanting witness to the Charters of Robert, son of Helton, it was natural to look for Alexander, father of Isore, in the charters of Helton de Snelleslund. But in none of them is Alexander mentioned, nor is Isore once a witness, and the deduction is that Alexander must have died_at an early age, when his son was 11 but a child, and perhaps also that the property came to him by marriage and was not his by descent. The cases which I have quoted with reference to Juliana de Reresby, his widow, render it probable that she was an heiress. I have also shown Geoffrey de Lund and Philip and Adam de Merle, or de Merula, as companions of Isore. Geoffrey de Lund was a frequent benefactor to the monks of Kirkstead, and in the cartulary his charters may be found on page 216 (remarked 221.) He was the son of Bertram de Lund as appears by Cotton charters V-42, and was probably descended from the Ralph de La Land witness to the charter of Stephen de Wikingebi C. 1167. On page 217 (remarked 119) is a charter of Adam de Merula : On page 227 (remarked 125) of Philip de Merle : on page 201 (remarked 110) of Hugo de Merula. There is an original charter of this Hugo. de Merula in the British Museum. BM. Cotton charters XII-53. (The original.) Hugo. de Merula to Kirkstead lands in Snelleslund. Testibus Willelmo de Fullotebi, Hamelino Croc, Willelmo de Haringtun, Radulpho de N ormanvill, Willelmo persona de Snelleslund, Thoma fratre ejus, Helia Capellano, Lamberto Sacerdote de Fristorp, Thoma Filio Willelmi de Fullotebi, Johanne Fil10 Hamelini, Thoma Marescaldo, Ricardo Franceis de Snelleslund. Sir John Reresby in the manuscript history of his family, written towards the close of the seventeenth century, which together with the original of his memoirs has found a resting place in the British Museum (addit. MSS. 24,442, 24,443),quotes in extenso two original charters relating to his ancestor Isorius lt1itz Alex~~der. Sir John, who is ~lways careful in stating when he quotes from an original and· when from a copy, declares that the charters were in his possession ' ex autografis penes me,' remarki:,;ig of the first that by the character of the writing it is supposed to be of the_ reign of Richard the first, and it is natural to conclude that these were the records accepted by the heralds in 1584-5 as substantiating the marriage of !sore and the name of his father Alexander. Indeed a copy of the first of them appears in the original visitation of 1584 in the Herald's College. 12

.A.ddit. MSS 29,442--p 8. Sciant pres·entes et futuri quod Ego Isorius filius Alexandri et Amicia uxor mea et Willelmus de Musteri::; et Alicia uxor sua concessimus et hac praesenti carta nostra confirmavimus Radnlpho filio Sanson et haeredibus suis sive assignatis (excepta religione) unam bovatam terre cum pertinentiis quam Johannes D'Aincourt pater uxorum nostrarum dedit illi pro homagio et servicio suo scilicet illam bovatam quam Willel• mus filius Allini (?) tenuit in villa de Plesley. Tenendam et habendam sibi et haeredibus suis vel suis assignatis (excepta religione) de nobis et de ha.eredibus nostris libefe quiete et pacifice in feodo et haereditate cum omnibus libertatibus et liberis comuniis et aisiamentis ad dictam teram pertinentibus. Reddendo inde annuatim nobis et haeredibus nostris pro omni servitio nobis ·et haeredibus nostris pertinente tres solidos, videlicet ad pascam octodecem denarios, et ad festum Sancti Martini octodecem denarios, salvo forensico servitio quantum ad istam bovatam pertinet. Dictus vero Radulphus et haeredes sui molent ad Molendinum nostrum ad XX gra. hordei. Et dictus Radulphus et haeredes sui debent clandere Rayam circa Parcum de Plesley, quantam ad illam bovatam pertinet, et. habebunt veterem hayam sicut alii liberi homines illius feodi. In cujus concessionis et confirmationis testimonium huic scripto sigillam nostram apposuimus. His testibns. Dom. Roberto de Willegby d'Essidehall, Radulpho filio Radulphi de Wistanton, Johanne le Grant, Gilberto Coco, Johanne filio Wimundi, et aliis. "The character of the writing supposed by some to be of Richard's reign." I believe that an abstract of the above given charter appears on the original MSS of the 1584 visitation of Yorkshire in the Heralds College. Sciant omnes tam praesentes quam futuri quod Ego Willielmus fl.Hus Willielmi de Thriberge debio Isorio filio ~:Alexandri VI solidos et vm denarios ei et haeredibus suis annuatim reddendos videlicet tres solidos et IV denarios ad pascam et III solidos et IV denarios ad festum Sancti Michiel pro una bovata terre in Stainton cum pertinentiis suis, Quam ipse Isorius dedit mihi et haeredibus meis pro praedictis VI solidos et octo denariis sibi et haeredibus suis annuatim reddendis ad terminos praedictos. Faciendo Ei et haeredibus suis forinseca servicia quae ad praedictam bovatam terre pertinent, in feodo ubi XX bovata terre faciunt feodum,unius militis. Tenendam de eodem Isorio et de haeredibus suis "mihi et haeredibus · meis qnam diu praedictam firmam et praedicta servicia ego Willielmus et haeredes mei Ei Isorio et haeredibus suis ad terminos praedictos persolvemus- Et ut haec omnia rata et inconcussa in posteru.m ex parte mea et omnium haeredum meoru.m similiter permaneant Ego Willielmus hanc praesentam chartam meam ·Ei et haeredibus suis feci in testimonium et sigilli mei appositione corroboravi. Testibus Roberto Capellano de Resham, (?) Radulpho Capellano de Langwat, Adamo de Merle, Roberto filio Heltonis, et aliis. The second charter appears to be the earliest in date. It exhibits Isorius dealing with land in his Lincolnshire property, at Stainton, close to Reresby, before his marriage and removal into Derbyshire, and still in the company of Robert, son of Helton de Snelleslund and of Adam de Merle.

We have also the following statement under" Lincolnshire," in _the Rot. Cancell. (3 John - 1202) p. 183, which shows the rarity of the name. The clerk had no fear of confusion though he added neither patronymic nor place surname. Ysore reddit compotum de dimidio marcae. In thesauro II soliaos. Et I _,, ·~· debet IIII. solidos et VIII. denarios.

The property which Isore must have held in Lincolnshire is not once mentioned in the Testa de Nevill, though he appears as a juror for the Wapentake of Wraghou (p 331) in that survey in which John Earl of Chester (1232-1237) occurs (p 332.) Ralph de Reresby his son is _given in Derbyshire as holding one fee of the Countess of Eu in Plesley, Kyrkeley and 14

Oxton (p 3), and Ralph, son of Ralph de Reresby, as possessed of one fee in Essover (Ashover) of the honour of Ralph' de Fressenvill (p 12), both being inherited as we know from the Deincourt marriage. But though it is impossible to learn from the Testa de Nevill what lands Isore held in Lincolnshire, and of whom he held them, yet they can be traced from other sources. In the cartulary of Barlings Abbey in the British Museum. Fansti1ia B. 1. Folio 97b Omnibus christi fidelibus ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit Adam de Normanvill filius Domini Radulfi de Normanvill salutem in domino. Noveritis me pro me et heredibus et assignatis meis omnino concessisse et in perpetuum quietum clamasse deo et ecclesie beate Marie de Barlinge Abbatie et canonicis ibidem deo servientibus totum jus et clameum quod habui vel a.liquo modo habere potui sen deinceps ego vel beredes et assignati mei habere poterimus in omnibus terris et tenementis cum omnibus pertinentiis et aisiamentis suis' que habent ex dono quondam Radulfi fi.lii Ysorei de Reresby in villis et territoriis de Rerisby, Steyp.ton I Sneleslund Suntorpe et Hyngham quod nee ego nee beredes vel assignati mei nullum jus vel clameum in dictis terris et tenementis cum omnibus pertinentiis et aysiamentis nobis unquam exigere vel vendicare poterimus imperpetuum. Salvo tamen mihi et heredibus meis servicio de eisdem terris et tenementis de jure debito si quid mihi inde debeatur. In cujus rei testimonium presenti scripto sigillum meum apposui. Hiis testibus. Ibid. Folio 104b Omnibus christi fidelibus ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit Margeria filia Domini Radulfi. de Normanvill uxor Radulfi filii Ysorei de Rerisby Salutem. Noveritis me in libera viduitate et ligia potestate mea concessisse et presenti scripto meo confirmasse deo et ecclesie beate Marie de Barling abbatie et canonicis ibidem deo servientibus omnes terras et tenements. que habent ex dono predicti Radulfi filii Ysorei de Rerisby 15 quondam viri mei in villis et territoriis de Rerisby Steynton Snellislund Sunthorp et Hyngham cum capitali mesuagio suo in predicta villa. de Rerisby eum toftis et croftis pratis pascuis et pasturis moris et mariscis cum omnibus homagiis et serviciis tam liberorum quam coteriorum wardis releviis et escaetis et omnimodis redditibus libertatibus aysiamentis et omnibus aliis rebus et pertinentiis suis ad predictas terras et tenementa infra, predictas villas et extra .pertinentibus sine ·aliquo retinemento. Tenendum et habendum eisdem ecclesie abbatie et canonicis et eorum successoribus bene et in pace libere et quiete in liberam puram et perpetuam elemosinam solutam et quietam ab omni seculari servicio consuetudine exacione secta cuicunque curie et omni demanda. Remisi et quietum clamavi dictis ecclesie Abbatie et canoniois et eorum successoribus pro me et heredibus vel quibuscunque assignatis meis totum jus et clameum quod unquam habui vel aliquo modo habere potui vel quod deinceps ego vel heredes aut assignati mei quocunque jure vel ratione habere poterimus in omnibus predictis terris ac tenementis ac omnibus aliis sripradictis sine exceptione. Ita quod ego nee heredes vel assignati mei aliquod jus· "¥el clameum in dictis terris et tenementis vel in aliquibus rebus supradictis nobis unquam exigere vel vendicare poterimus in perpetuum. Ego predicta Margeria et heredes vel assignati mei omnes predictas terras et tenementa cum omnibus memoratis pertinentiis suis prefatis ecclesie abbatie et canonicis et eorum successoribus contra omnes bomines libros ejusdem Margerie et eorum heredes vel assignatos .,,.- -- warantizabimus et de omnibus et in omnibus defendemus et acquietabimus in perpetuum sicud (sicut) liberam puram et perpetuam elemosinam. In cujus rei testimonium presenti scripto sigillum meum apposui. Hiis testibus etc . ., 16

B.M. Wolle9 Oharter IlI., 89. (The original.) Omnibus ohristi fidelibus praesens scriptum visuris vel audituris Margeria quondam uxor Radulfi. de Rerisby Salutem in domino sempiternam. Noveritis me relaxasse et omnino quietum clamasse pro me et heredibus meis in perpetuum Roberto fi.lio Radulfi. de Rerisby et heredibus suis vel su.is assignatis totum jus et clameum quod habui vel aliquo jure terreno habere potu.i in omnibus terris hominibus redditibus boscis pratis pasturis . ' . domibus gardinis et eorum pertinentiis in Rerysby Snellislund Hengham et Steyntona de quibus inplacitavi Abbatem de Barlinges in curia Domini Regis per quod placitum idem. Robertus vocatus fuit ad warantum. Ita scilicet quod nee ego dicta Margeria nee heredes mei vel assignati mei seu aliquis alius per nos vel nomine nostro aliquod jus vel clameum nomine alicujus juris nuncquam de cetero in praedictis terris hominibus redditi­ bus boscis pratis pasturis domibus gardinis et eorum pertinentiis ut praedictum est exigere habere capere vendicare vel reclamare poterimus. Concedo etiam pro me quod nullum placitum movebitur nomine dotis per me vel per aliquem nomine meo in aliquibus terris hominibus redditibus boscis pratis domibus gardinis et eorum pertinentiis de Essovere.Pleseley Rerysby Snellislund Hengham et de Steyntona per quod idem Robertus vel heredes sui sive assignati sui aliquo modo vocari debeant ad waran­ tum Salvis tamen mihi sine perturbatione praedicti Roberti et heredum suorum vel alicujus alterius per ipsum omnimodis terris hominibus red­ ditibus boscis pratis pasturis domibus gardinis et eorum pertinentiis mihi per eundem Robertum in dotem assignatis prout in scripto super dote mea ab eodem mihi confecto plenius continetur. In horum omnium testimonium praesenti soripto sigillum menm apposui. Hiis testibus. 17

Domino Waltero de Ryboyf, Willelmo de Steynesby militibus, Domino Symone de Markham rectore . ecclesie de Essovere, Magistro Johanne le Brun, Galfrido Bectnna, Galfrido de Monasterio, Roberto le Graµnt, Giffardo de Dechet, Johanne clerico, et aliis.

B.AE Wolley Okarters IIL, 90. (The original.) Omnibus christi fidelibus praesens scriptum visuris vel audituris Margeria de Rerysby quondam uxor Radulfi de Rerysby eternam in Domino Salutem. · Noveritis me relaxasse et omnino in perpetuum quietum clamasse Ade de Rerysby filio meo et Deugye uxori sue et heredibus suis totum jus meum et clameum juris quod habui vel aliquo modo babere potero in manerio de Essovere quod vocatur le Newehalle vel extra cum omnibus suis pertinentiis et aysiamentis et cum advocatione ecclesie de Essovere. Ita siquid quod nee ego dicta Margeria nee aliquis vel aliqua nomine meo aliquid jus vel clameum juris aliquo terrenb jure in praedicto manerio vel extra cum omnibus suis pertinentiis et aysiamentis et cum advocatione dicte ecclesie nunquam de cetera exigere habere capere veudicare vel reclamare poterimus. In cujus rei testimonium huio prae­ senti scripto sigillum meum apposui. Riis testibus, Domino Rogero de Eincurt. Rectore Ecclesie de Essovere, Willelmo le Bret, Rogero le Breton, Reginaldo del Bolins, Radulfo de Rerysby, Willelmo de Winnfeld Roberto de Cestria clerico, et aliis. Datum apud Essovere die dominica in fe~to sanctorum Fabiani et Sebastiani anno Domini M. CCC. secundo.

Inq_uititiones post m01·tem. Vol-2-p-147 nurnber 29. tempore Eil. IlL Johannes filius Roberti de Reresby et alii pro Abbate et Conventu de Barlynges, diversas terra tenementa et reclditus in Lincoln, Midelcarleton, Steynton juxta Langeworth, North Carleton, Carleton Magna juxta Mare, I Scoftho:rne et Wildeker.

0 18.

We ha.ve thus clear evidence _that the property which_ Isore .de Reresby held in Lmc~lnsbir~ -c~mprised. acapital messuage 0~ Grange in Reresby, and lands etc. in Reresby, Steynton, Snelleslund, Suntorpe, and Hengham. The reference to homages and services, wardships, reliefs, and eschaets, proves t];i.at the tenure was that of a subsidiary manor held of the N ormanvillesi a family whose heiress in the next generation married Ralph de Reresby, Isore's son. The Norman­ villes are also absent from the Testa as far as it relates to Lincolnshire, [in Yorkshire Ralph de N ormanville held in Thribergh, etc. seven fees, a half, an eighth, and .a thirtieth (Testa p-364) ] and this can only be explained by the supposition that they again were mesne lords, holding their Stainton Fee under some other family. This property had not long been in their possession, for Gerard de Normanville in 1168 is the first _who appears as connected with Lincolnshire, and there is nothing to indicate that he held the Stainton estate.

Sir John Reresby gives a transcript of a charter in his possession by which Ralph de Norman-ville" consilio et voluntate Avicie spouse mee" gave to Ralph his son all his land in Symundthorp Co. York (Addit. MSS. 29, 442-p-24.)

In the Coram ~ege Roll, No. 17 of John [ (anno 4-1203) membrane 14 dorso] is a suit by which Avicia c1e Normanvill clemancls against the Abbot of Oxenay and Reginald Portenarius, 20 acres of land, and 5 acres of pasture, in Stainton, as her right and inheritance, whereof Ralph de Normanvill, formerly her .I husband, and she were seized as of fee, and in right of the same Avicia, in the time of King Henry the father, taking the revenue to the value of five shillings.

It seems therefore certain that the Stainton estate ca.me to this Ralph by marriage with Avicia. If it could be discovered of what overlord this fee at Stainton was held, a clue might be gained to Avicia's parentage. The great landowners in the ,vapentake of Wraghoe, whose estates included portions of Stainton, Newbold, Reresby, ancl Snelleslund, were the Earl of Chester, de Perci, de Crevequer the successor of Joceline Fitz Lambe:rt, de Kyme under the bishop of Lincoln, Ralph Fitz Simon under Norman Darcy, and the Chamberlains who represented Millicent the grandaughter and heir of Osbert the Sheriff, to whom the ancestor of de 0revequer had given land in Snelleslund, Suntorp, and Reresby. I find Ralph de Normanvill witness to charters of the Chamberlains, but 1 believe that he held 19 tinder de Creyequer. For turning to his Yorkshire property at Thribergh, etc. I find that this was held in 1088 ·by Rozeline a tenant of De Perci, that later on Rozeline is represented by the baron Adam Fitz Swein, that Adam Fitz Swein's daughter and coheir A.mabilia carried Thribergh, etc., to her husband Alexander de Crevequer in the reign of Richard the first, o:r earlier. The Normanvilles thus held Thribergh under de Crevequer. I find again that a certain Rozsceline was possessed of -the tithes of Stainton Co. Lincoln before 1088-(Monast VI-1079) that the sons of Roscelin were tenants of the Earl of Chester at Stainton in the survey of 1114-1116 (Chester Waters survey of Lindsey-p 35). The N orma,nvilles therefore succeeded both in Yorkshire aind Lincolnshire to a certain Rozsceline, who was represented in the interval by Adam Fitz Swein, and by De Creyequer who married Adam's eldest daughter and coheir. I deduce from all this that the N orman-villes held their Yorkshire and Lincolnshire estate of De Crevequer, and that they had gained it after 1168 by marriage with ain heiress. I have shown already that Juliana de Reresby and her son Isore aire the first of this family who appear at Stainton and Reresby, though the Rirkstead Cartulary abounds with earlier charters referring to these places. Juliana, appears with the surname' de Reresby' at a time when her son only made use of the patronymic Fitz Alexander:; there is no trace of any of the family of Hugo Blundus in earlier times at any one of those manors in which, as we. have seen, the Reresby property lay. The probabilities therefore, though they fall short of proof, are in favour of Alexa.nder having gained that property in marriage with Juliana de Reresby at a period coincident with the first appearance at Stainton of Avicia de Normanville, to whom she may possible have been related. It is not in this direction that we must look for the "alia hereditas" which had descended from Hugo Blundus to his elder son.

Ther.e is in the British :Museu1n (Cotton charters V-42) an original charter of William son of Eudo de Reresby, who may have been nearly related to Isore de Reresby. Willelmus filius Eudonis de Reresbi monachis de Kirkestede selionem in campis de Reresbi in excambium. Testibus. Heltone de Snelleslund, Willelmo clerico fratre ejus, Stephano filio Willelmi persone de Snellesluna; Gaufrido 20 filio Bertrami de Lund. Lamberto fratre meo. Luca filio Walteri de Steintuna. Seal of some size-a fl.enr de Lis & legend Sigillum Wilelmi Filii Euonis. This is dated by the Museum authorities" tempore Hen. ill."

In the Kirkstead. Oa,rtulary a transcript of this same charter occurs on page 215 (remarked 118). On page 209 (remarked 115) is another of his charters. Willelmus filius Eudonis. Noveritis me dedisse ecclesie et monachis de Kirkestede 1 toftum in Reresbi et duas acras terre. Testibus, Heltone. In Harleian rolls L-20-clorso, being a catalogue of the titles of charters re. lating to Snelleslund made for Kirkstead Abbey, is the following. Rogerus filius Willelmi de Reresby confirmat toftnm et itcram in Snelleslnnd.

•· Rotuli Hundredorum Vol 1-p-365. Abbas de Barling tenet 1 mesuagiu:in et 1 bovatam terre et dimidium in Reresby que fuerunt Johannis fl.Iii Eudonis.

The notices of this younger branch of the family do not throw any fresh light upon the problem. The christian names Eudo and Lambert, like those of Simon and Alexander, are just what we should have expected to find in a family owning land in this district. Hugh Fitz Eudo was the founder of Kirkstead, Joceline Fitz Lambert was the holder in 1088 of the fees which afterwards came with his grandaughter and heir to De Crevequer, and amongst the De Crevequers there were three or four Alexanders. Simon was a name in use amongst the de Kymes.

Having located and defined the property of Isorius Fitz Alexander, and reached the conclusion that the probabilities are strongly against its having ever been in the possession of his grandfather Osbert, I will turn to Richard de Ormesby. By his defence it appears that... he inherited only these seven bovats in Moreton as his father's portion, so it is idle to look he:re for Hugo's estate; but it will be well to study Richard's acts and surroundings. I have already quoted a charter by which he gave land in the Marsh of Marton to the ~onlis of Kirkstead, on condition of the burial of his own body and that of Matilda, his 21 wife, in the abbey there. I will now give five charters of Philip de Kyme, one from thE: same cartulary, the others from the originals in the Harley collection, and all attested by Richard de Ormesby. In dealing with the latter documents I have taken -verbatim the abstracts made by the authorities at the l\Iuseum for the catalogue, have compared them with the original and added such names of witnesses as were omitted. The presumed dates given in the catalogue are not arrived at by a study of the witnesses, but have some little value as expressing the opinion formed upon the character of the handwriting by experts who have handled thousands of similar documents. I believe that the time is approximately correct, but that 52-G-34 is early in the reign of Henry the Secona and not of Stephen. Philip de-:l{yme, the ancesto~ of the barons of that name, was 'dapifer ' to Earl Gilbert de Gant who died in 1156, and did not himself survive later than 1177. [Addit. MSS (Eyton's collections) 31, 938-p 55.] \ B.M. Kirlcstead Oartulary. Vespasian E xviii folio ab. Ch. XIII. Universis sancte matris ecclesie tam p:raesentibus quam fnturis Philippus. de Kima Salutem. Notum sit vobis me pro salute mea et Hawise spouse mee et omnium nostrorum et pro animabus patrum et mat:rum nostrarum :et omnium antecessorum nostrorum dedisse et prae­ senti carta mea confi.rmasse Deo et ecclesie beate Marie de Kirkested et monachis. ibidem Deo servientibus XL acras de marisco meo inter Putelbech et mariscum de Bilingheia. Scilicet in propinqniorem partem marisci de Bilingheia in illa deila quam propinquiorem habeo marisco de Bilingheia in puram et perpetuam elemosinam sicut aliqua elemosina liberius et quietius religiosis donari potest. Testibus. Rogero de Benigwrd, Ricardo de Kima ca1icell~rio Lincolnie, ,valtero de Alford, Ricardo de Hormesbi. o!'~ .,--

B.M. Harley Okarter8 52. G. 19. (Tlte 0 1riginal.) Carta qua Philippus de Kyma, assensu Hadewisae uxoris ejus, et Symonis,. Willelmi et Philippi, filiorum suorum concedit ecclesie Sancte 22

Marie de Bulington (Bullington, co. Linc.) terras in Hingham, Toft et N euton (Newton) in eodem comitatu. Testibus. Priore Lamberto de Kyma, Ricardo canonico Lincolnie, Symone fratre, et Waltero et Gilberto :filiis praedicti Philippi, Rogero de Benigwrd, Gilberto filio ejus, Thoma. filio Willelmi, Willelmo filio ejus, Willelmo de Mubrai, W altero de Alfort, Ricardo de Ormesbi, Symone de Swabi, Ricardo et Hugone fratribus et aliis. Dated by authorities at Museum "temp Hen II. c. 1160 -1170.0

B.M. Harleian Charters 52. G. 28. (The original.) Carta qua Philippus de Kime concedit monialibus de Bulingtune (Bullington co. Linc.) nemus vocatum Ulvsdale, pro alio nemore quod Willelmus filius Ivonis eis dedit. Testibus. Hugone de Sancto La.ureneio Abbate, et R&dulpho Abbate de Tupeholm, Rogero de Benigwrd Willelmo de Kima, Wa.ltero de Alford, Ricardo de Ormesbi, Ivone de Barkewrd, Johanne clerico, Helisco de Brune, Willelmo Bacun et aliis. Dated by the authorities at the Museum" temp Hen. II." B.M. .Ha-rle9 Okarters 52. G. 29. (Tke original.) Carta qua. Philippus de Kyma assensn Hawisie uxoris ejus et Simonis filii sui eoncedit sanctimonialibns Bolintone (Bullington co. Linc.) terras in Faldingwrd (Faldingworth) et Ingham, in eodem comitatu pro annuo redditu xviii denariorum. Testibus. Symone filio et haerede dicti Philippi, Willelmo filio Wal teri, Ricardo Canonico Lincolnie, Ricardo de Ormesbi, Roberto de Wibech, Symone de Swabi, Petro de Westineles, Symone de Clactorp, et aliis. Dated by authorities at Museum " temp. Hen. II." B.M. Harle9 Okarte-r, 52. G. 34. (Tke original.) Carla qua Philippus de Kyma confirmat donationem· Rogeri de Millei 28,

Sanctimonialibus et Conventui Bolintone (Bullington co. Linc.) de Mol_endino de Hemmingebi et terris in eodem comitatn. Testibus .. Ranulfo de Praeriis, et Philippa fratre suo, Radulpho :filio Osberti, Ricardo de Ormesbi, Ricardo de Sancto Petro, Johanne clerico meo, W altero :filio meo, "\Villelmo de Beauvais, Willelmo Bacun, W altero de Henton, Symone filio Symonis, Symone de Chanci, et aliis. Dated by authorities at Museum "temp. Steph."

ln Nichols Le-icestersliire Vol. 3-part 2--J)age 821 is the following charter in ex.tenso :- Ricard us de Sancto Petro> persona ecclesie Sancti Andree de Prestewould fecit bane compositionem cum monachis de Geroldonia anno incarnationis Domini MCLXXVII ad Pascha. His test. Hugone Abbate de Revesby, Galone monacho, Waltero de W assinburc, magist:ro Gerardo filio Baldrici archidiaconi, Acardo capellano, Nicholao diacono, Simone, Willelmo, Philippo filiis Philippi de Kyma, Rogero de Benigwurd, Thoma filio Willelmi, Willelmo de Einesford, Radulpho :filio Osberti, Simone de Cauci, Ricardo de Ormesbi, Waltero Alfort, Jacobo filio Alani de Fenne.

In these charters we have seen Richarcl de Or1nesby six _times in the company of Philip de Kyme, or of his sons, three times with Roger de Benigwurd, four times ,vith Walter de Alford whose name in each case is immediately followed by his own. Philip de Kyme had an interest in Cheshire as well as Lincolnshire, Walter de Alford took his name from Aldford in Cheshire, and Roger de Benigwurd, who as Roger :fi.lius W alteri de Benigwurd is mentioned in a charter of Gregory de Suntorp's as early as 1159 (Kirkestead Cartulary­ p-199 renumbered 109), was a tenant of the Earl of Chester. Though the land at Moreton was all that Richard de Ormesby inherited from his grandfather, yet apparently it was not his chief holding nor the place of his residence. His surname shows that he was possessed of a residence in Ormesby, a manor which was a part of the Lincolnshire possessions of the Earls of Chester. And it is to be noted that de. Ormesby was the first true surname adopted by any member of 24 his family, for Blundus was but a personal name and Isorius Fitz Alexander and Ralph Fitz Simon used patronymics in the Norse fashion, as their ancestors no doubt had always done. By another charter in the Kirkstead Cartulary it appears that Richard de Ormesby had a daughter Beatrice. B.M. Kirksteail Oartularg. Vespavian, E aJviii folio 6. Hee est conventio facta inter Hugonem Abbatem et conventum de Kyrkestested (sic) ex una parte et Beatricem :filiam Ricardi de Hormesby ex altera videlicet quod eadem Beatrix in libera viduitate sua pro salute anime sue et antecessorum suorum concessit ecclesie Abbati et conventui de Kyrkested in liberam et perpetuam elemosinam ut extendant hayam suam a piscaria sua que denominatur nova haya quatenus eis placuerit super daylam ejusdem Beatricis que denominatur Huberdesdayle ut ' ibidem habeant omnem libertatem piscandi cum aqua superhabundaverit sicut eis placuerit ad majus comodum sunm. Reddendo annuatim eisdem Beatrici et heredibus suis pro omni servicio consuetudine et exaccione duodecim denarios ad natale domini. Et ipsa Beatrix et heredes sui warantizabunt omnia praedicta praedictis Abbati et conventui de Kyrkested et defendent et de omnibus acquiet­ abunt contra omnes homines in perpetuum. Et ut hec conventio firmitatis robur optineat sigillis suis hec praesens scriptum ex utraque parte

munierunt. Hiis testibus. Domino Willelmo capitulo de Thimberlund1 Domino Symone milite De Martun, Philippo de Thimberlund, et aliis_.

I have carefully abstainecl up to this point from identifying Richard de Orn1esby or any of his family with persons bearing the surname of de Marton. But having shown that Richard hacl a wife Matilda, and a daughter Beatrice who was a widow at the date of the last quoted charter, I can hardly refuse to acknowledge her under the name of Beatrice daughter of Matilda de Marton. It appears that she had married Nicholas cle Aencurt, and the 25 identification becomes still more complete when we find that Nicholas was brother to John de Aencurt, who, as is evident by the mention of Amabilia his wife, was the John Deincourt whose daughter and co-heir !sore de Reresby married.

Feet of Fines, Co. Lincoln, .Anno 4 Hen.. III-1220. Between Oliver de Aencurt plaintiff, and John de Aencurt, tenant, concerning 17 bovats etc. in Kyrkeby; and between the same Oliver, plaintiff, and Matilda de Marton, tenant, concerning 4 bovats in the same vill. Oliver admits it to be the right of John as that which he had of the gift of Nicholas de Aencurt his brother, viz., as one third of a Knights fee in Kyrkeby, except the aforesaid 4 bovats settled by the said Nicholas upon the said Matilda for Beatrice her daughter, wife of the said Nicholas. The said Nicholas present at the levying of the Fine.

Anno 15 Hen. III. Between Andrew Marescallus, plaintiff, and John de Ayncurt, defendant, concerning the above mentioned 17 bovats in Kirkeby .and Scapwic. Amabilia wife of the said John was present and surrendered her right of dower.

At the time of the 'festa de Nevill Richard de Ormesby's descendants were extinct, so that the heirship to his property was in doubt.

Testa de Nevill--p-·825. Wapentake de Langhou. Item heres Ricardi de Ormesby tenet ibidem in ~1:arton dimidium feodi militis de N ormanno de Arey et idem N ormannus de domino Rege in capite de veteri feoffamento. The same entry occurs again on page 304. Matilda his widow was still alive.

D 26

Wapentalce de Hglle-p-332. Matilla de Marton tenet in Oxecumbe VI. tam partem unius feodi de Comite de Ferrariis. This entry reappears on page 309. The sixth of a fee in Oxecumbe was more probably Matilda's inheritance and not part of her husband's property. In the Feet of Fines, co. Lincoln, anno 3 Hen. III. (1219) we have l\'.Iatillis ,vho was the wife of Richard de Ormesbi, plaintiff in respect of the advowson of the church of Oxecumbe. Mr. Greenstreet, the honorary Secretary of the Pipe Roll Society has also the following memorandum taken by him from the public records. Anno 4 '-Tolin (1203.) Inter Matildam, que fuit uxor Ricardi de Ormesby, petentem, et Walterum Futenglaz, tenentem, de una Bova ta terre, cum pertinentiis in Oxekumbe. No other references to these two cases can be given beyond the year and the county, as the documents have not yet been finally numbered consecutively, nor bound up in cases. There can therefore be no doubt that Matilda de Marton is the same person as Matilda, widow of Richard. de Ormesby. I am convinced. that the Richard de Marton, who is witness to Harley charters 58-A-24 in the reign of Henry the Second, is her husband, and that other notices of him could be found under this surname. Though Richard's issue died out, yet I do not regard it as certain that Beatrix was his only child. To her charter a certain "dominus Symon miles de Martun was a witness," and I believe that he is identical with the subject of the following entries. Pesta de Nevill-p-311. Heres Simonis de Marton tenet 1111 partem unius militia in Hassceby de Roberto de Hassceby et ipse ut supra (de domino Rege.) p-825-Wapentake de Langhon. I-Ieres Simonis de Marton tenet in Marton 1111 partem unius militis de Roberto de Hasceby de veteri feoffamento et idem Robertus de domino Rege. 27

This last entry is immediately before tha,t concerning the heir of Richard de Ormes by which I have already quoted. In the Abbrev. Placit. p 329, there is a reference to lands in Scapwic which had reverted to the prior of Thurgarton owing to the failure of heirs of Simon son of Richard de Marton. This may or may not refer to ,the same person. In theRot. Oblat et Fin. p-369 Simon de Ormesby occurs under the date of 1205. I do not consider that the evidence is sufficient to enable us to assert with confidence that Sir Simon de Martun was son of Richard de Ormesby; but, however that may be, it is evident that Richard's issue was extinct at the date of the survey in the Testa de Nevill. His property must therefore have eschaeted to the overlords of whom he held its that is to sa.y the seven bovats in Marton and the residence at Ormesby from which he derived his surname must have reverted to Ralph Fitz Simon the head of his family, and the half a fee at Marton to Norman Darcy. This last as being held immediately of Darcy cannot be identical with the seven bovats, but must have been granted to Simon the father of Richard before 1135. We are told it was of old feoffment, and had it been originally bestowed on Hugo Blundus it would have been held under his representative, a supposition which is negatived by the words of the entry. RALPH FITZ SIMON. The statement made by Richard de Ormesby in the suit of 1194, that the overlordship of the land at Moreton had descended from Hugh to Simon and from Simon to Ralph his son, and the summons of -the authorities of the Curia Regis to Ralph Fitz Simon to be at Westminster" that it s~1ould be known to which of them he shall will to bind himself concerning that holding," suggest strongly that Ralph Fitz Simon was the head of the family, and the representa­ tive of Hugo Blundus. The overlordship of t]?e land of Moreton and the homage and service of Richard cannot but have accompanied Hugo's main property, and an examination of Isore's possessions has strengthened the argument by showing that these latter were not so inherited from his ancestors but were a recent acquisition. It is therefore in the hands of Ralph Fitz Simon that we must expect to find that' alia hereditas' which had descended from ~ugo Blnndus to Osbert his firstborn son.

In the Rotuli Curie Regis-vol. IIp-94 (27 October-I Jokn-1199) is the following :- Thomas de Areci posuit-coram domino Rege-enndem (Petrum de Nevill) versus Radulphum :filium Simonis et Alanum :filium Bernardi milites predicti Thome de placito advocationis medietatis ecclie de Ormebi per breve---domini Regis de ultra mare.

By this suit Thomas de Arci, the baron, claims against his knights Ralph Fitz Simon and Alan Fitz Bernard the presentation to half the church of Ormesby. Ten years later we have Alard Fitz Bernard claiming against Ralph Fitz Simon the presentation to a moiety of the Church of Ormesby as his own and held by his grandfather in the time of King Henry the father (Henry the Second). To this claim Ralph Fitz Simon answered that he held the (whole?) church of the Earl of Chester. 29

Abbrev. placit p-61. (10 Jokn 1209.) Alardus filius Bernardi petit versus Radnlphnm filinm Simonis quod permittat eum. presentare idoneam personam ad medietatem ecclesie de Ormesbi quam clamat ad ipsum pertinere et unde avus suus seisitus fuit tempore Henrici patris &c. Radulphus filius Simonis venit et dicit quod tenet ecclesiam illam de feodo Comitis Cestrie et Alanus petit illam medietatem ut illam quam clamat tenere de Baronia Thome de Arenci. Consideratum est quod comes Cestrie et Thomas de Arenci advocati summoneantur. It will of course be admitted that this Lincolnshire Ralph Fitz Simon of 1199 and 1209 is our man, and that as patron to a moiety or the whole of the Church of Ormesby he must have possessed manorial rights in that place, whether he was the knight of the Earl of Chester or of Thomas de Arci as that baron asserted. The right of presentation at this time could not exist in the hands of a layman except as part and parcel of a manor.... held by him. It may be regarded as absolutely certain that Ralph Fitz Simon possessed a manor in Ormesby. It was then under his cousin Ralph Fitz Simon that Richard de Ormesby held the residence and lands from which he derived his surname. All the notices which I havl been able to collect of Richard have shown him in the company of tenants of the Earl of Chester : in the case of 1209 Ralph Fitz Simon claimed to hold of the Earl of Chester, and in accordance with his s~atement he is found as a, witness to several charters of the Earls. Monastican (old) Vol. l-p-891. Ranulph m Earl of Chester to the abbey of Dieulacres alias Pulton. Testibus. Domino Abbate Cestrie, Philippo de Orreby tune justiciario meo, Johanne Constabulario, Rogero Seneschallo, Henrico de Aldithele. Willielmo de Venables, Ramone de Masci, W arino de Vernoun, Rogero de Meniwarin, Radulpho filio Simonis, -Johanne de Ardern, J oram de Hellesby, Petro clerico Comitis,.David de Malopassu, Ricardo de K!D.geslee. 80

The date of this charter mnst be circa, 1214 when the Abbey was removed from Pulton in Cheshire, and refounded at Dieulacres in Staffordshire. Philip de Orreby was judge of Chester from c. 1209 to 1228 (Helsby's Ormerod Vol-l-p-61). · I can quote eight other charters of or concerning the Earls of Chester which Ralph Fitz S~mon attests, but I reserve them till later on. I will now proceed to show that a Ralph Fitz Simon who appears in the Testa de Nevill held two knight's fees in Ormesby, etc., of the Earl of Chester, in addition to two fees in Reresby, etc., held of Norman Darci. No one will, I think, deny that these two fees at Ormesby, etc., held by Ralph Fitz Simon of the Earl of Chester must have been that same pr~pe:rty in right of which Ralph Fitz Simon the tenant of the Earl of Cheste:r in 1199 and 1209 claimed the right or presentation to the church of Ormesby, and that the latter Ralph Fitz Simon must have been either identical with or the direct ancestor of the former. For if it be assumed that the Ralph of 1199 and 1209 held some manor from the Earl of Chester distinct from that which was held by the later Ralph, it must have disappeared off the face of the globe in the interval, as at the time of the Testa de Nevill no knight's fees, manors, or property, held either of the Earl or of any other overlord existed at Ormesby except in the hands of Ralph Fitz Simon or of the descendants of Alan Fitz Bernard. The Testa. de Nevill is a collection of entirely distinct surveys made for fiscal purposes.

Pesta de NevilJ-p-804. Thomas de Ormesby et participes sui tenent unum feodum in Ormesby.

FEODA NORMA.NNI DE ARCY-P-304. Heres Ricairdi de Ormesby tenet dimidium feodi in Marton de Normanno de Arey et ipse de domino Rege[in capite de veteri feoffamento.

FE0DA CESTRIE-P-3O5, Badulphus filius Simonis tenet IIII tam et XL tam partem in Rokelund. Radulphus filius Simonis tenet duo feoda in Orp:iesby et Kettlesby. 31

The survey from which I have quoted these three entries begins on page 301 and does not end before page 306, if then. The mention of Roger de Montealto on page 305 shows that it is earlier than 1232 for Roger de Montealto who was seneschal to the Earl of Chester died in that year.

Testa de Ne·vill-p-325. WAPENTAKE DE LANGHOU. Item heres Ricardi de Ormesby tenet ibidem in Marton dimidium feodi militis de Normanna de Arey et idem Normannus de domino Rege in capite de veteri feoffamento.

P 331-WAPENTAKE DE CALSWATH. Willelmus de Steyne tenet in Steyne et Tedelthorp dimidium feodi unius militis de Radulpho filio Simonis de herede 9omitis (Cestrie) ut supra.

P-331, WAPENTAKE DE WRAGHOU, !sore de Reresby a juror.

P-332, WAPENTAKE DE HYLLE. Radulphus filius Simonis tenet in Ketelesby duo feoda de honore Cestrie. Thomas de Ormesby Albini tenet in Hormesby, Henderby, Bekerig unum feodum de N ormanno de Arey. This survey which ends at the bottom of page 332 begins upon page 318. On page 332 John, Earl of Chester occurs, and we must therefore date it between 1232 and 1237, the years of his accession and of his death. Testa de Nevill, p-334.

CALSWATH W APENTAKE. Radulphus filius Simonis tenet in Wapentako feodum dimidii n1ilitis de Comite Cestrie et ipse Comes de domino Rege in capite.

HILLE WAPENTAKE, p-336. Comes Cestrie tenet in capite de domino Rege in Walmesgara et Kettlesby et Ormesby et Roclund et in Swaby et in Stain feoda II • maitum que Radulphus tilius_ Simonis tenet de eo. 32

Normannus de Arci tenet de domino Rege in Ormesby et Enderby feodum unius militis quod Rica,rdus filius Alani tenet de eo. N ormannus de Arey tenet de Rege in Marton et in Holm et in Wlfrikeby et Scapewic et Re:resby et Snelleslund feoda II militum que Radulphus filius Simonis tenet de eo.

P-339, LUTHESKA WAPENTAKE, Comes Ricardus tenuit in capite de domino Rege II carucatas terre in Roclund et illas dedit Simoni le Rus. Et homines ipsius Simonis adhuc illas tenent et pertinent ad feodum suum de Ormesby.

The new survey of the Wapentakes which begins at the top of page 334 comes to a close at the bottom of page 339. Ranulph Earl of Chester, occurs on pages 335 and 336; he succeeded in 1181 and died in 1232. In this same year died Roger Seneschall de Monte Alto, who occurs on page 334. The survey then is, at all events, earlier than 1232, and that it is earlier than the previous survey I shall presently show when I prove that the Richard Fitz Alan is the father of Thomas de Ormesby Albini (p-45 of this book.) Eyton, the great antiquary, has paid very cloqe attention to the Testa de Nevill for Lincolnshire, and in his M.S. collections for that county has dissected and taken to pieces the various surveys, and re-arranged the entries according to locality. These extracts which he quotes from the Testa are carefully placed in separate columns headed by a date. The whole of this- survey, na.mely pages 334, 336, and 339 of the Testa, Eyton ascribes to circa 1213, and he quotes that entry which exhibits Ralph Fitz Simonholdingtwofeesin Walmesgara, Kettlesby, Ormesby,Roclnnd, Swaby, and Stain, and puts it down to the same date (Addit. MSS. 31, 929-p-115, see also 31, 941-p-126, renumbered 144.) In Addit. MSS. 31,941-p-115, Eyton gives the entry which I ha-ve just quoted concerning Richard Fitz Alan under the same date of C. 1213. I have been unable to find amongst Eyton's work that examination of the history of the individuals concerned by which he arrived at this conclusion, but Eytou's opinion, even if unsupported by his evidences must be -treated with 33 respect. On page 334 Gilbert de Beningwurth occurs ; his two charters in the Kirkst0acl cartulary are dated in Ro1nan numerals 1217 (folio 28 remarked 49, and 29 remarked 50). Domina Matilda de Lacy appears on page 334, and on page 337 Geoffrey Fitz Peter. Testa de Nevill--p-350 B. W a pentake de la ". ris '. Domina. Bertraya tenet terciam partem feodi unius militis de Radulpho filio Simonis et idem Radulphus de Normanna de Arey et ipse Normannus de domino Rege de veteri feoffamento. Holm. The lady Bertraya was the widow of Hugh I{eveliok, Earl of Chester, who died in 1181: she survived her husband 1nany yea.rs. It is ea.sy by putting together the entries which refer to the same holding to form a, summary of Ralph Fitz Simon's property. Chester fees. Ralph Fitz Simon held two fees in Hill :.,Wapentake, in Ormesby, Kettlesby, Walmsgara, Roclund, Swaby, Stain, of the Earl of Chester.

Richard, Earl of Chester, had given two carucates in Roclund to Simon le Bus. His men (the record says ' homines' and not 'heredes ') hold it, and it is att1:1~ched to their fee of Ormesby. By another entry we find Ralph Fitz Simon holding ¼and lo of a fee in Rokelund, which we assume to be these two carucates. They were attached to, but were not part of the Ormesby fees, and were held by Ralph under the heirs of Simon le Rus. In Cals,vath Wapentake Ralph Fitz Simon holds half a fee of the Earl of Chester in Steyne and rredelthorp, which William de Steyne holds of him. Darcy /ees. In Wra.ghou Wapentake Ralph Fitz Simon holds two fees of Norman Da.rcy in Marton, Holm, ,vilfrikeby, Scapcwic, Rorc:;by, Snelleslund of old feoffment. 34

Bertraya, Countess of Chester holds the third of a fee of Ralph Fitz Simon, and he of Norman Darcy, in Holm. The seven bovats which Richard de Ormesby held in Marton in 1194 must have been held of Ralph Fitz Simon, and have reverted to him on the failure of Richard's issue.

I have shown that Eyton has dated one of these surveys in ·which Ralph Fitz Simon appears as C.1213, and that in another Isore de Reresby occurs and also Matilda de Marton the widow of Richard de Ormesby. The mention of the heir of Richard de Ormesby indicates that two of the surveys were taken not long after his decease. From all this we are justified in concluding that the Ralph Fitz Simon of some of the surveys in the Testa de Nevill is the same person as the Ralph Fitz Simon of 1194, 1199, and 1209, and held the same property, namely, that which I have just summarized. The two fees held of Darcy are distinctly stated to have been of old feoffment, that is to say that the ancestor of Ralph Fitz Simon had held them before the death of Henry the First. No such statement is made as to the two fees held of Chester, because this phrase was not applied to the tenants of the Earl Palatine, but the reference to Richard Earl of Chester renders it probable that Ralph Fitz Simon's ancestor had been enfeoffed before 1119.

Here then in these four knights fees we have the property which at the end of the twelfth century was in the possession of Ralph Fitz Simon, the representative of Hugo Blundus, and which there is every reason to believe he inherited from that ancestor. I shall presently turn to the Liber Niger Scaccarii and to Domesday with the object of tracing the earlier history of those fees, but before doing so I am anxious to put on record the descendants of Ralph Fitz Simon, as well as of Alan Fitz Bernard the other party to the suit of 1199, and to remove any difficulties which my extracts from the Testa present.

It is possible that the Ralph Fitz Simon of that survey in the Testa which I have dated between 1232 and 1237 may be distinct from the Ralph Fitz Simon of that survey which Eyton has dated c-1213, but even were this so it cannot be denied that the later Ralph was in possession of the entire and exact property of the earlier Ralph, and that the similarity of name suggests that the 36 later Ralph must have been heir in blood as well as in property to the ea.rlier, It is not probable that the two Ralphs were distinct, because in this later surver Isore d.e Reresby occurs, and Ralph as well as Isore was a young man at the time of the suit of 1194, and might well be alive thirty-eight years after, Bjt if that OJ?inion be adopted, and a link demanded to connect the two Ralphs, it may possibly be found in the mention of a Simon de Ormesby in 1205, one of the pledges for the Sheriff of Lincolnshire, whom_I, however, prefei: to identify with Simon de l\iarton, the presumed son of Richard de Ormesby.

Rot. Oblat. et Fin. p-369. Plegii Thome de Muleton de fine quingentarum marcarum et quinque palfridorum facta cum domino Rege pro comitatu Lincolnie habendo. Simon de Ormesby de quinque marcis. The first glance at these extracts suggests that surely Isorius de Reresby must have held his property of the fee which his cousin, Ralph Fitz Simon, had under Norman Darci in Marton, Holm, Wilfrikeby, Scapewic, Reresby, Snelles­ lund. Yet this does not seem to have been the case. I have shown that later on in the thirteenth century the Reresbies held under the Normanvilles, and it is difficult to see how their tenure oould have been changed. But even if it were possible that the Reresby property had descended to them as the portion inherited by Alexander de Reresby from Osbert, his father, yet my argument would not be affected, for Ralph Fitz Simon as overlord of it must have been heir to the main estate of Osbert. Ormesby is South Ormesby, in Hill Wapentake, near Ketellsby, and not North Ormesby in the same county. It is necessary to distinguish between the families which possessed these two places. At North, or Nun Ormesby a priory was founded in the reign of Stephen by Gilbert, son of Robert cle Ormesby. Dodsworth had seen a cartulary of this house, by which it appeared that Gilbert, the founder, was succeeded by a son Robert, a grandson, Sir Henry de Ofmesby, and a greatgrandson again of the name of Robert, who all made or (,onfumed grants to the priory. I have seen Dodsworth's abs~racts of these charters in his eighty-ninth volume, but am unable to give the page upon which they a:p:pear. I take it that the ·Robert de Ormesby who is witness to some charters of the middle of the twelfth century [B.M. Harleian Charters 48- 36 j-53 and 54-E-361 is this Robert, son of Gilbert. Gilbert, the founder, held his property of°the Earl of Albemarle, and his rep~esentative in the Testa de Nevill was Henry de Ormesby, concerning whom we have the following entry. . Testa de Nevill-p-307.

FEoDA coMITIS ALBEMARLE. Henricus de Ormesby tenet XVI. tam partem unius militis in Ormesby de veteri feoffamento.

The record has shown ns besides Ralph Fitz Simon a certain Thomas de Ormesby Albin' holding one fee in South Ormesby, Henderby, and Bekerig of Norman de Arey. Though not necessary to my argument it will be well to clear this Thomas out of the w&y as I have done with Henry de Ormesby. Albin' ., stan~s for Albini, the possessive case of the christian name Albinus, and Thomas, as I shall presently prove by documentary evidence (p 45 of this book) was the nephew of Albinus, son of Alan Fitz Bernard, the party to the suit of 1199 and 1209. We li'ave a similar instance on page 349 of the Testa where we find Philippus Sim' and Margaret, his wife, who appear again on page 352 as Philippus :fil. Simon and Margeria, his wife. I shall also when I deal with Thomas de Ormesby, pro-ve that the Richard Fitz Alan, whom the Testa has recorded as holding a fee in Ormesby and Enderby of Darcy, was brother to Albinus aud father of the aforesaid Thomas. (p. 45 of this book.) The fee is the same, and the entries are from two surveys of different dates. This Richard Fitz Alan de Ormesby cannot be the Richard de Ormesby who is recorded in the Testa de Nevill as having held half a fee in Marton of Norman Darcy. The prope:rty of Richard Fitz Alan.or of his son is more than· once described in different surveys, aud did not include half a fee in Marton, and again Richard Fitz Alan was succeeded by his son so that there never was any doubt as to his heir. We are thus preserved from any confusion between the two Richards. It will be remembered that Alan Fitz Bernard asserted in 1209 that his grandfather had been possessed of half the church of Ormesby in the reign of Henry the Second. Eyton conjectures that this Alan Fitz Bernard was grandson of the Alan de Ormesby who held one fee of Thomas de Arci in 1166 (Liber Niger Scaccarii p-275). "\Ve may in this connection glance at the fact that in.1086 Norman de Adreci had a tenant in Orniesby of the name of Herbert (Domesday Vol.-1-p-361-B.) but that in the survky of 1114-1116 no tenant's name is given (Chester Waiters survey-p-37 .) If 37

Eyton's very natural and obvious assumption be correct it is evident that Alan de Ormesby, who held one fee of Darcy, must be distinct from -the ancestor of Ralph Fitz Simon who held two fees there of the Earl of Chester. The two families are quite distinct, the difference of tenure making a gulf between them which the identity of place ca.nnot bridge over, and there is no confusion between either their properties or their heirs. There was it is true a Richard de Ormesby, as I shall presently prove, amongst the descendants of Alan, but he is later in date and easily distinguished from the Richard of our case. Ther~ was also a family of De Marton, the members of which held lands in Marton in capite (Addit. M.S.S. 31929-p-113) and of the Darcies from a. ve1y early date, and appear frequently in the Kirkstead Cartulary and as witnesses to some twelfth century charters in the British Museum; nothing is more probable than that this was a junior branch of the family of Hugh Blundus, but I have been unable to prove it. The mention of Simon le Rus, (Rufus or the Red) to whom Earl Richard gave two carucates in Roclund, does not lead us to any definite result. Ralph Fitz Simon held these two carucates at the time of the Testa de Nevill, but Simon le Rus cannot be claimed as his ancestor, for the record says 'homines ', 'the vassals,' of Simon hold them. Again the record does not state that this property in Roclund was a :part of the Ormesby fee, but that it was an appurtenance or subsidiary manor, and we can therefore only draw the conclusion that the Ormesby fee was already in possession of the ancestor of Ralph Fitz Simon when Simon le Rus gave him the two carucates. The Ormesby fee was held of the Earls of Chester immediately, the Roclund addition was held of the heirs of Simon. le Rus who was a, vassal of Ea.rl Richard's. It is only natural to suppose that Simon le Rus is the same person as Simon the tenant of three bovats in Langton, held of Richard, Earl of Chester, in the survey of 1114-1116 (Chester Waters' survey of Lindsey-p-35). Turning to the Testa de Nevill to discover who succeeded at Langton, we find [p-336-B] Simon de Kyme holding the fourth part of a fee in Langtorp and Langeton of the-Earl of Chester. I infer from this that Simon le Rus is none other than Simon Fitz William Fitz Anchitell, the founder of Bullington and ancestor of the de Kym.es, who we knowwa,s living in 1114-1116-(Chester Waters-p-19). The Roclund property was then held of the family of de Kime, in whose company we have frequently found Richard de Ormesby. 88

Before endeavouring to trace that ancestor of Ralph Fitz Simon who held the two Darcy fees before 1131, and the two Chester fees before 1119, I will work out the history of his descendants. The line eventually ended with an heiress, Margaret, who married Sir William Skipwith. In the collections of Vincent in the College of Arms is a complete pedigree of the family founded on original evidences seen by him when at Ormesby, as appears from his description of a shield on the garden gate there. These evidences I shall quote in extenso, merely correcting his blunders in Latinity, for there is no advantage in servilely copying him when, for instance, he writes "Testibus dni Symonis de Driby miles." I presume that the Simon de Ormesby with whom he begins his pedigree was son of the Ralph Fitz Simon of 1194, 1199, 1209, and of the earlier surveys in the Testa de Nevill. This I have been unable to prove, nor is it necessary for me to do so, but I shall presently add to Vincent's work by evidence that the individuals who occur in his pedigree held the same property which Ralph Fitz Simon of the Testa de Nevill had possessed. . Vincent's Collection, in tne Herald's College. (See Vol. 44-p-138, 136 B, 137. Vol.-48-p--133, 134. Vol.-150-p-82, 340.) VoL. <14 P-136. S1R SnmN oF O:aMESBY. I in eom. Lmeolne. _

\ Sm RADULPHUS i'IL. Snr. == DE ORMESBY. Anno 1261.

SIR SIMON FIL. RAD. DE = MARGARET DE RYE. ROBERT DE 0RMESBY. ORMESBY. Anno 18 Ed. I.

81R RADuLPHUS FIL. 81MoN1s = d - and cob. of GYBTHORPE, DE ORMESBY, was a Knight of Gybthorpe, co Lincolne. of the Garter.

MARGARET, eventual heiress = SIR WILLIAM DE SKIPWITH. Sm SIMON DE 0RMESBY Vidua 46 Ed. III., [1373.] living· 1327, married Ha.wisia, and ob. S.P.

SIR WILLIAM SKIPWITH, Lord Chief Justice of I England. 89

Vincent gives the following charter of Sir Ralph Fitz Simon of 1261. 48-p-134. "Scia.nt omnes homines presentes &c. quod Ego Ra.dulphus :fi.lius Simonis de Ketleby dedi et conc?ssi A.lano filio. Bernardi pistoris de Ormesby et heredibus suis pro homagio suo et servicio unam bovatam terre in territorio de Ormesby. His testibus-Magistro Roberto de Brincham, Symone :fi.lio Willelmi de Kettellesby, iWillelmo fi.lio Nigilli, Radulpho de Fridlethorp, et multis aliis, sans date. The seale a man on horsebacke with his sword and shield-written aboute-Sigil. Rad. fil. Simonis. " Radulphus fil Simonis de , Ketellesby as also he writeth himself Radulphus fil Simonis de Ormes by." This la,st sentence occurs elsewhere; York Herald's reference to it is either Vol.~4-p-136 B, or Vol.-150-p-82. Tbe name of Alan Fitz Bernard ·in this document presents _only a coincidence with that of Alan Fitz Bernard of the cases of 1199 and 1209. For the charter must be ascribed to the latte:r part of the reign of Henry the Third, in which :reign Ralph, son of Simon ga,ve land in Ormesby to Richard, son of Bernard pistor (or the baker) for his homage, Alan, brother of Richard and Simon fi.lius Willelmi de Ketelesbi being witnesses. (Cotton charters XXV-24). 'fhis Simon the witness was living in the reign of Edward the First as appears by his charter (Harley charters-52-E-10). It is however unnecessary to accumulate evidence to prove that these are two distinct person~, as while. the Alan Fitz Bernard of this document is the humble son of a baker, the Alan Fitz Bernard of the suits of 1199 and 1209 was possessed of manorial rights which must have been held by knights service. The following charter concerning the same Ralph is also given by Vincent.

V-OL.-44-P-136 B. Emma Reliota Hugonis Neale de Ormesby quieta clamat terras aliquas in manerio de Ormesby in perpetuum. nobili viro domino Radulpho ftlio Simonis de Ormesby anno 1273. Testimonio domini Symonis de Driby militis, do mini Giberti de Tetforde militia. 40

VINCENT-48-p-133, Omnibus Christi, &c. Ego Radulphus filius Symonis de Ormesby salutem. Noveritis me dedisse, &c. Willelmo de Talyver de Ormes by et haeredibus suis vel suis assignatis, &c., in cujus rei testimonio I presenti scripto sigillum meum aposui. His testibus-Johanne de Salt :fl.et by, "\Villelmo Clerico .de Ormesby and others. Vincent gives a drawing of the seal which bears upon a shield supported by two birds, a lion rampant. He must have taken these notes at Ormesby because he saw this coat in stone over the garden gate at Ormesby, with the garter about it, namely a lion rampant ermine. fV ol.-44-p-136 B). Of Sir Simon Fitz Ralph de Ormesby of the latter part of the thirteenth century Vincent has the following notice. VOL.--44-P-136 B. This Simon had a free charter granted him by Edward I in the 8 of his raygne of the manors of South Ormesby, Ketillisby and Walmesgate. These being wytnesses-The Archbishop of Yorke, the Bishops of Durham and Carlyle, Thomas Earle of Lancaster, John de Brytaynia Earle of Richmond, Adomar de Valentia Earle of Pembroke, Gwydo de Bellocampo Earle of Warwyke, John de Wotecourte (?), and John de Cromwell, constable of the household, I believe that Vincent is wrong in attributing this to Edward the First, for I find that Simon, son of Ralph de Ormesby, had a charter of Free Warren in Ormesby, Ketelby, and Walmesgare, Anno 8 Ed. II (1315) Charter Roll 8 Ed. II, onlyPart, No. 40 (printed in Calendarium Rotulorum Chartarum.) Aymer de Valence was Earl of Pembroke from 1296 to 1323, and Guy de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick from 1298 to 1315.

lN VINCENT VOL.-48-P-134. Sciant presentes, &c., quod nos Rogerus de Aswardby clericus et Robertus de Ormesby dedimus, &c., Willelmo de Skipwith et Alicie uxor~ ejus, &c., &c. Dated-32 Ed. III (1359). 41

The seal according to his drawing (48-p-134 or 44-137) is a cross patonce between four chessrooks, but in another the cross is of a kind which Edmondson awkwardly terms-" fusil at each end." I clo not doubt after comparing the two c1rawings that the latter is merely an unfinished copy of a cross patonce. _Vincent's pedigree can be largely supplemented and reinforced from other original sources.

} Reconl Office, Assize Rolls, Go Lincoln .zi1 i33 2. 56 Hen. Ill-(1272) Mem/J rane .._YL Vll-dorso. " N ormannus de Arey attachiatus fuit ad respondendum Radulpbo filio Simonis ''-Norman against the statute, has called upon Ralph to do suit at his Court of Stalinburgh. Ralph holds two fees of Norman in Marton, Shapewyk, Holme, Reresby, Wolrykeby and Brouneby. Afterwards there ,vas a concord between them, and Ralph son of Simon gave one mark :for license of Concord .

. llfenibrmie ~YL-dorso. "Radulphus filius Simonis de Ormesby summonitus fuit acl respondendum Willelmo filio Phil~ppi Cosin cle placito quod acquietet ipsum de servicio quod Normannus c.le Arey ab eo exigit de libero tenemento suo q{\od de predicto Radulpho tenet in Marton." William says he holds half a fee :from the said Ralph in Marton.

Ree()td (ttfice, Assize rolls, Co. Lincoln, JJ,f i33} 3. 4 Ed-1-(1276). llfem.brune-3 dorso. Ingelesia Cordan cle Asewortheby quae tulit breve nove disseisinae versus Radulphum fi.lium Simonis de Ormesby et alios in brevi de tenemento in Ormesby non est presens. Ideo ipsa et plegii sui cle presentia in misericordia scilicet Ricardus Cordan de Asewardeby et Thomas filius Willelmi de eadem.

F 42

On membrane 12 c.1orso of the same roll iB the case of Tho1uas, sou of rrhomas de Ormesby for disseisin against Sewal de Worth and 1.VIargaret his wife.

Rotuli Hundre£lonnn Vol, 1. p-337. [ Apparently 3 Ell, I. 1275.] Dicunt quod Thomas de Rokelund dum fuit clericus domini Radulphi filii Simonis escaetoris domini Regis cepit unum equun1 &c.--- Dicunt quod dominus Radulphus fl.Hus Sirnonis escaetor seysivit terras Willelmi de Kyma que fuerunt in Elkington in manu domini Regis ad festum Sancti Michieli XX annis elapsis &c.-- p-366. [Apparently 3 Ed. I. 1275.] Dicunt quocl cum Manerium cle Sottohacy seysitum fuit in manu domini Henrici Regis defuncti patris Regis nunc anno XLIIII per mortem Willelmi de Kyma per dominum Radulphu1n fi.lium Simonis tune escaetorem venit Ricardus de W alinesgare ballivus dicti escaetoris &c.- 11-367. [ Apparently 3 Ed. l. 1275.] Dicunt quod Radulphus filius Simonis escaetor seysivit Manerium do Sotteby et de Goldehayt et tenuit in manu domini Regis pro I mense anno ,regui Regis Henrici patris Regis nunc XLIIII, &c.--- This Sir Ralph Fitz Simon eschaetor ..for Lincolnshire in 1260 cannot be other than Vincent's Sir Ralph Fitz Simon of 1261 and 1273. Richard de W alinesgare his bailiff, is no doubt an official misreading for Walmesgare, a village adjacent to Reresby and Snelleslund, and to the property which Ralph Fitz Simon is recorded in the Testa. cle Nevil as hokling of Darcy.

Record Office, De Banco Roll, No. 2 of Edward III.

EASTER, ANNO 1 (1327), Memb·rane-7 llorso. Linc. Simon filius Radulphi de Ormesby summonitus fuit ad respondendum Petro de Gipthorp et Amie uxori ejus de placito quod permittat ipsos presentare idoneam personam ad ecclesiam de Roklund 43

que vacat et ad suam spectat donacionem &c. Et unde iidem Petrus et Amia per Willelmum de "\Vayn:flet attornatum sunm dicunt quod quidam Simon filius Radulphi de Suth Ormesby avus predicti Simonis, cujus heres ipse est, dudum fuit seisitus de Manerio de Rokelund ad qnod &c. qui ad predictam ecclesiam presentavit quidam (sic) Radulphum de Rokelund clericum suum qui ad presentacionem suam fuit admissus et institutus tempore pacis tempore domini Edwardi Regis avi domini Regis nunc per cujus mortem predicta ecclesia modo vacat qui quidem Simon filius Radulphi avus &c. per cartam suam concessit dedit et confi.rmavit predictis Petro et Amie fl.lie ipsius Simonis et heredibus de corporibus eorum exeuntibus in libero maritagio totum Manerium suum de Rokelund cum omnibus suis pertinenciis simul cum advocatione ecclesie ejusdem ville et cum Molendino &c. They produce the charter. Judgment that Peter and Amia do recover the said presentation against the said Simon, son of Ralph. Dominus Petrus de Gipthorp and dominus Simon filius Radulphi were amongst the great landowners summoned by the King in 24 Ed.-1 (1296) to a great Council at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. [Banks' Baronage of England, Vol 2-31, 32, with reference to Dugdale's lists of summons-p-16, 17.] The Siinon :Fitz Ralph who is stated in this case of 1327 to have been possessed of the manor of Rokelund (and therefore of the Ormesby fees), in the reign of Edward the first, is evidently the Simon :Fitz Ralph whom Vincent has shown us living in 18 Ed. 1. Ralph de Roklund was his "clericus " just as Thomas de Rokelund was "clericus" to his father when eschaetor in 1261. But a comparison between this case and Vincent's pedigree suggests a cli:ffi.culty. It is to be presumed. that in 1327 Simon Fitz Ralph was in possession of his grantlfather's estate; how then ·could his father have been a knight of the Garter, an order founded in 1350. The official lists of knights shown gives no Ralph Fitz Simon, but a Ric11ard Fitz Simon sixteenth in order among the founders. We have thus a conflict of evidence between two heralds. It is impossible to throw doubt on Vin~ent's statement that he saw Ralph Fitz Simon's arms, encircled by the garter, carved in stone on the gate at Or1nesby; wo have independent evidence (p. 48 and 46 of this book) from the seal of 44

his grandfather that these were really Ralph's arms, and no one would, have dared to assume-the Garter without authority. It seems to me probable that, as far as they contradict each other, Vincent was right and the herald who drew up the catalogue of knights was wrong, and therefore possible that Richard Fitz Simon is a n1isreading for Ralph. But the case of 1327 renders it not unlikely that the Ralph Fitz Simon in question was nephew and not father to Margaret the heiress of the line. In the Barlings' Cartulary [Faustina B-1. Folio 202] is a charter whereby Symon fi.lius Radnlphi dominus de Ormesby gave to that Abbey all his lands "in feodo meo de Holm, in villis de Holm, Sudbroc, Reresby, Snelleslund." Unfortunately the names of the witnesses are omitted. Joseph Foster in his "Visitation of Yorkshire " p-634 has printed a pedigree which records the descent of the Skipwiths of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire from the marriage of William Skipwith with " Margareta, fi.lia Radulphi Simonis, de Ormesby, in Comite Lincolniae, et haeres unica Simonis filii Radulphi fratris sui." This description of the heiress of Ormesby exactly tallies with Vincent's pedigree, but I have not looked at Foster's .references (B.M. Addit. MSS. 18,011, p. 88, and 1,420 p. 209 B) because I believe that this pedigree is of no authority though correct. In the British Museum are a large number of original charters of this family, all without date. To some of them William 'clericus' of Ormesby is a witness, who was excused as a juror in 3 Ed. I (1275) as infirm (Hundred Rolls Vol.-1-p 302). I have failed in reaching firm inclusive limits of date for these documents, and have the less hesitation in confessing to failure, as Mr. Greenstreet; the secretary of the Pipe Roll Society, to whom I afterwards appliecl, was, after a long search, equally unsuccessful. It is, however, evident from the· names of the witnesses that the Ralph Fitz Simon who is principal to some and witness to the others, is the Ralph whom Vincent has shown us living in 1261 and 1273, and who was eschaetor for Lincolnshire in 1260. I suppose that the charters in which he is termed ' dominus,' and that to which an armorial seal is appended similar to that described by Vincent, must be somewhat later in time than those in which he is not so distinguished. The extracts from the Hundred Rolls which I have quoted render it almost certain that he was a knight in 1261, and the latter documents must in that case be earlier than 1261. 45

Harley charter, 54-D-50, an abstract of which will be presently given, is a confirmation by Oliver son of Thomas de Ormesby of a gift made by his father and by Albinus bis father's uncle. To 52-E-10 Thomas son of Richard de Ormesby, and Albinus his uncle are witnesses. This together with the occurence of Albinus filius Alani de Ormesby in 54-A-34, 54-A-35, and 54-D-42 proves the following pedigree.

ALAN DE O:eMESBY, = held one fee in 1166 · of Darcy (see p. 36).

BERNARD DE 0RMESBY, died before 1199. I I ALAN FrTz BERNA1m, = a tenant of Thomas de Arey, with whom be was . a.t law in 1199 concerning half the church of Ormesby. (seep. 28). In 1209 declared that his grandfather bad been possessed of this temp Hen.II. (seep. 29)

RICHARD FITZ ALAN' = ALBINUS FILIUS ALANI DE held one fee in Ormesby 0RMEsnY. Benefactor to etc., of Darcy, c.1213. Greeufield. (seep. 32).

THOMAS DE 0:RMESBY, = held one fee in Ormes by etc., of Darcy (see p. 31). Benefactor to Greenfield. Dead in 1276. (see p. 4 2). His seal a Fleur de Lis.

OLIVER DE 0:RMESBY. THOMAS DE 0RMESBY, Benefactor to Green­ 1276 (see p. 42). field. His seal a, Fleur de Lia. 46

Richard Fitz Alan is I believe the person of that name who held 1 fee in Ormesby and Enclerby under Norman Darcy (Testa p-336); I believe he was dead before the date of any of these charters, for though a Richarcl Fitz Alan is witness to Cotton charter XXV-24, yet I conceive this is Richard Fitz Alan de 'Nalmesgara, a distinct person who appears in 54-D-48. Thomas ae Ormesby appears in two surveys (Testa-p-304 and 332) as holding one fee in Ormesby, Henderby, and Bekerig of Norman Darcy. I have already mentioned (p-42 of this book) the case of Thomas son of Thomas de Ormesby in 1276, by which it seems probabiy that Thomas hacl died before that year. This pedigree is of considerable use in the attempt to date the charters, for though a study of the witnesses must lead to the conclusion that there is very· little interval of time between them all, yet it may be generally said that those in which Albinus de Ormesby and Thomas Fitz Richard, his nephew, appear are rather earlier, and those attested by Oliver Fitz Thomas are rather later. In this way they can be divided into two groups, with the exception of 50-A-20 and 44-D-63, which are probably intermediate, and of 52-E-11 which is distinctly later. The division is supported by the names of the clerical witnesses who resided at Ormesby. In the earlier batch Thomas persona de Ormesby appears in 54-D-42, 54-D-46, 52-E-10, Willelmus capellanus in 54-D-46, Robertus capellanus in 54-D-42 and 54-D-46, Robertus persona in 54-D-47. In the later batch Robertus persona in 50-B-13, Willelmus clericus in 54-D-43, 44, 45, and Robertus de Staveley rector in 54-A-33, 54-D-48, 49, ancl in the intermediate 50-A-20. All these have the designation 'de Ormesby.' William the clerk of Ormesby was excused as a juror as being infirm in 3 Ed. I., 1275 (Hundred Rolls Vol. I. p-302), so that it is probable that the three charters of the later batch witnessed by l1im are earlier than that year. Symon de Driby whom Vincent has shown in the company of Sir Ralph Fitz Simon in 1273 is witness to the later 54-D--43. Simon Fitz William de Ketelesby and Alan filius Bernardi pistoris, witnesses to a charter of Vincent's Ralph Fitz Simon of 1260 and 1273, occur only in the earlier batch; but Adam the grandson of Bernard the baker is the principal of the two intermediate charters. William Fitz Nigel witness to the same charter in Vincent occurs in 47 the earlier 54-D-46, he is n1entioned in the later 54-D-48, and his son is principal to the later 50-B-13,

Radulphus Coquus appears only in three of the earlier batch. Walter Faber in the later 54-A-3J, and the two intermediate charters: Radulphus carpentarius in the earlier 54-A-34, 35, the intermediate 44-D-63 and 50-­ A-20, and the later 54-A-33 and 54-D-48. Symon nopos in four of the earlier batch, in the intermediate 44-D-63 and the later 54-A-33. Philip de Theford in the intermediate 50-A-20 and the later 54-A-33, 54-D-48. Ralph Fitz Simon and Simon Nepos are principals to charters in both the earlier and later series.

There are, therefore, strong reasons for believing that all these charters are of very nearly the same date, and that they all relate to Vincent's earlier Ralph Fitz Simon living in 1261 and 1273. Robert de Ormesby his son attests 54-D- 48, and Symon Fitz Ralph 54-D-46.

British J.lluseU,m, Cotton Ch . ..:Y""'YV. 24. The otigirutl. [Earlier series.] Grant by Ralph son of Simon to Richard, son of_ Bernard, the baker, of

8 land in Ormesbi (Ormesby co. Linc.), rent 4 • Testibus, Ricardo filio Alani, Roberto filio Gilberti, Simone filio Willelmi de Ketellesbi, Hacone de Stein, Simone Britone de "\Valmesgare, Petro de Walmesgare, Eudone et Willelmo filiis ejus, Willelmo Fresello, Thoma Farwello, Alano fratre praedicti Ricardi, et 1nultis aliis. Temp. Hen. III.

Briti~h lJ,fu/jeu1n, Harle!J charter, 54-D-42. The original. [ Earliet series.] Scriptum quo Radulfus fi.lius Simonis cle Ormesby, concedit monialibus de Grenefeld (Greenfield, co. Linc.) thoftun1 in Ormesby (co. Linc.) Testibus. Thoma persona de Ormesby, Roberto capellano, Albino filio Alani, Thon1a filio Ricardi, Willelmo "\Valense, Simone N epote, Radulfo coco, Petro Takel, et aliis. rremp. Hen. III.

The ~eal a tleur de Lis and Legend S. RAD. FIL. SIMONIS. 48

Harley Charter, 54--D-43. The original. [ Later series.] Scriptum quo Dominus Radulfus filius Symonis de Ormesby confirm.at monialibus de Grenefeld (Greenfield, co. Linc.) unum obolum annui redditus. Test. Domino Roberto de Velle, Domino Ricardo de Seys, Domino Philippo de Caltofte, Domino Symone de Driby, Olivero de Ormesby, Willelmo le Vele, Willelmo clerico de Ormesby, Petro Burgesin de Haghe, Benedicto clerico de Thoutheby, et aliis. Temp Hen. III.

The seal appended to this charter is heraldic. Within the legend S. RADULFI • • • , is a triangular shield cha,rged with a lion rampant. This is ·the same bearing ,vhich Vincent saw over the garden gate at Ormesby.

Harley Charter, 54-D-44. The orig,inal. [Later series.] Carta qua Radulfus :fi.lius . Symonis de Ormesby concedit Amicie ti.lie ejus, terras in.Ormesby (co. Linc.) reddendo annuatim unum obolum. Testibus Domino Roberto de Velle, Domino Ricardo de Seys, Domino Philippo de Caltofte, Olivero de Ormesby, Willelmo le Vele, Willelmo de Hanovh, Willelmo clerico de Ormesby, Benedicto clerico de Thoutheby, Petro Burgesin de Haghe, Hugone clerico de Haghe, et aliis. Temp. Hen. III.

Hadey Oh1,irter, 54-D-45. [Later series.] Scriptum quo Amieia, filia domini Radulfi de Ormesby, concedit monialibus de Grenefelcl (Greenfield, co. Linc.) terras in Ormesby (co. Linc.) Testibus Domino Roberto de 'Nelle, Domino Ricardo de Seysi, Domino Philippo de Caltofte, Olivero de Ormes by, Willelmo Le Wele, Willelmo de Hanovh, Willelmo clerico de Ormesby, Benedicto clerico de Thoutheby, Petro Burgesin de Haghe, Hugone clerico de eadem, et aliis. Temp. Hen. III. 49

Harley Oharter 54-A-35. The original. [Earlitr series.] Litterae quibus Simon Nepos de Ormesby, concedit ecolesie Beate Marie de Grenefeld (Greenfield co. Linc.) placeam terre in Ormesby (co. Linc.) Testibus Radulpho :filio Symonis de Ormesby, Albino de Ormesby, Thomtl, filio Ricardi de Ormesby, Symone filio Willelmi de Ketlesby, Alano filio Bernardi de Ormesby, Ricardo fratre suo, Radulfo carpentario de Ormesby, et aliis. Temp. Hen. III. vel Ed. I. Harley Oliarte-r 54-A-33. 1ne original. [ Late·r series.] Carta, qua· Symon dictus Nepos de Ormesby concedit Priorisse et Conventui de Grenefeld (Greenfield co. Linc.) terras in Ormesby in Scucdale versus Ketelesby (Kettleby co. Lino.) Testibus Domino Roberto de Sta.lay rectore ecclesie de Ormesby, Olivero filio 'fhome de eadem Radulpho carpentario, Phillipo de Theford manente in eadem, Waltero fa.bro de ea.dem, Willelmo pistore de eadem, et aliis. Temp. Hen. m. vel Ed. I.

Harley charter, 54-A.-34. The original. [Earlier, series.] Litterae quibus Symon Nepos de Ormesby, concedit ecclesie Beata Marie de Grenefeld (Greenfield, co. Linc.) terras in Ormesby (Ormsby co. Linc.) Testibus Ra.dulpho :filio Symonis de Ormesby, Albino filio Alani de eadem, Thoma ftlio Ricardi de eadem, Alano filio Barnardi ejusdem Ville, Ricardo fratre suo, Radulfo carpentario, "\Valtero clerico, et aliis. Temp. Hen. III. vel Ed. 1. British Museum, Harley charter 54-D--46. The onginal. [Earlier series.] ., _Carta, qua Thomas filius Ricardi de Ormesby, concedit monialibus de . ' Grenefeld (Greenfield co. Linc.) terras in Ormesby, (co. Linc.) Testibus Willelmo capellano do Ormesby, Willelmo capellano de '\-Valmesga ra Ricardo capellano de Ketlesby, Thoma persona de Ormesby, Ricardo persooa de Ketlesby, Roberto capellano , de Ormesby, Symone

G 50

ftlio Radulfi, Albino de Ormesby, Hacone de S]ain, Willelmo filio Nigelli, Radulfo coquo, Willelmo de Calseb, Waltero clerico fratre suo, Waltero de Alebi, et Yvone fratre suo, Symone fi.lio Willelmi de Ketlesby, Symone nepote. Temp. Hen. III. Harley Oha·rter 54-D-47. 1"he original. [Earlier series.] Carta qua Thomas filius Ricardi de Ormesby, concedit monialibus de Grenefeld (Greenfield co. Linc.) annuum redditum unius denarii de tofto in Ormesby (co. Linc.) Testibus Domino Radulpho fiho Simonis de Ormesby, Domino Ricardo de Vilers, Ricardo persona de T~tersale tune Decano de Orncastle et de Hille, Gilberto persona de Beford, Roberto persona de Ormesby, Henrico per~ona de Stain, Albino de Ormesby, Simone filio Willelmi de Ketelsby, Radulfo coco, Ricardo fi.lio Bernardi, et aliis. Temp- Hen. III. Harwy charter 52-E---10. The originctl. [Earlier series.] Carta qua Simon filius Willelmi de Ketellesby, concedit sanctimonialibus de Grenefeld (Greenfield co. Linc.) terras in territorio de Ketelesby (Ketelby co. Linc.) Testibus Thoma persona de Ormesby, Ricardo persona de Kettelesby, rrhoma filio Ricardi de Ormcsby, Albino avunculo suo, Henrico capellano, et aliis. Temp. Ed. I. Ha1·ley cliarter 54-D-49. The original. [Letter series.] Carta qua Oliverus filius Thome de Ormesby, concedit monialibus de Grenefeld (Greenfield co. Linc.) terram in Ormesby (co. Linc.) Testibus Domino Radulpho filio Symonis, Roberto de Staveley, Symonepersona de Enderby, Willelmo de Gra-va clerico, Willelmo de Enderby clerico, Alano le Messer. de eadem, Gilbe:rto clerico, et aliis. Temp. H~n. III. Hurtey charter 54-D-50. [ Later series.] Scriptum quo Oliverus filius Thome de Ormesby, quietum clamat monialibus de Grepfeld (Greenfield co. Linc.) tenementum in Ormesb~ 51

(co. Lino.) quod tenent de dono Patris sui, et Albini avunculi patris sui. Temp. Hen. III. (No witnesses.) Harley Gharter-54-D-48 [Later series.] Carta qua Oliverus filius ·Thome de Ormesby confirmat · Priorisse et con. ventui de Grenefeld, (Greenfield, co. Linc.) terras in Ormesby (co. Llnc.) quas habent ex dono Willelmi filii Nigelli de Ormesby. Testibus Domino Radulfo filio Simonis de Ormesby, domino Roberto de Staveleya rectore ecclesie de Ormesby, Willelmo de Aunay, Ricardo :filio Alani de Walmes. · gare, Roberto :filio Radulfi de Ormesby, Ada clerico de eadem, Radulfo carpentario, Philippo de Teford, Eudone clerico et aliis Temp. Hen. III. Hctrley charter, 50-B-13. The original. [ Late·r ,jeries.] Carta Hugonis fllii Willelmi :filii Nigelli de Ormesby, concedens prioratui de Grenefelde,:(co. Linc.), selionem terre in Ormesby (co. Linc.) Testibus Domino Radulpho de Ormesby, Dominus Roberto persona de eadem, Willelmo de Annoay, Radulpho earpentario, Willelmo filio Alani de eadem, Phillippo de Theforde, Ricardo de Suterby clerico, et Aliis, (Early 13th cent.) Harley Charter, 50-.A.-20. The original. [Intermediate.] Carta Adae filii Ricardi filii Bernardi de Ormesby, concedens Emme filie Bernardi de Ormesby, -in tota vita sua dimidietatem unius bovate in Ormesby (co. Linc.). Testibus Domino Radulpho filio Simonis de Ormesby, Domino Roberto de 8taveleya rectore de Ormesby, Willelmo , de Aunoy, Willelmo de Crava clerico, Philippo de Teford, Waltero fabro, Radulfo carpentario, et aliis. (Circa. 1260.) Harley Charter, 44-D-63. The original. [lntermediate.] Scriptum quo Matilda Priorissa et Couventus de Grenefeld concedunt Ade filio Ricardi de Ormesby, diversa.s terras in Ormesby, reddendo annuatim VI denarios. Testibus, Domino Radulpho fi.lio Simonis de Ormesby, Domino Roberto de Veley, Willelmo de Aunoy, Willelmo de .. Grava, Radulfo carpentario, Waltero fabro, Symone nepote, Gilberto clerico, et aliis. (Circa. 1260.) 52

Harley cliarter, 52-E-ll. The original. [The latest in date.] Carta qua Robertos fi.lius Roberti filii Simonis de Ketlesby, concedit domo hospitali, Sancti J ohannis de Jerusalem unam forera.m terre arabilis in territorio de Walmesgare (Walmesgate co, Lino.) et duos seliones terre in Ketlesby in eodem comitatu. Testibus Domino Johanne vicario ecclesie de Burewelle, Hereberto filio Willelmi de Walmesgare, Ricardo de Haketorn, Rogero de Soamlesby, Willelmo de Burewell, Henrico de Ketlesby clerico, Willelmo filio Eudonis ad fontem, et aliis. Temp. Ed. I. The following pedigree gives the result of the evidences which I have brought forward :- RALPH FITZ SIMON' = 1194, grea.t grandson and heir of Hugo Blundus (p·-1). At law with DMcy in 1199 and l 209 con­ cerning church of Ormesby (J>, 28). Held o. 1213 two fees 1n Ormeeby, Kettlesby, etc., of Chester, and two fees in Marton., etc., of Da1:cy de Tet. (p. 31), and aga.in c. 1232-1237 (p. 31).

SIR SIMON DE OBMESBY, = dead before 1261 (p. ~ I Sm, RALPH FITZ SrMoN = DE 0RMEBBY, alias de Ketelleby. Escbaator for co. Lincoln, 1260 (p. 42). Co.lied " nobilis vir " in 1273 (p. 39). In 1272 at law with Da.rcy, of whom he held 2 fees in Ma.rton, etc., being those held by Ralph Fitz Simon c. 1213 {p. 41). Alive 1276 (p. 41). A benefactor to Greenfield (p. 47). His seal e, knight on lioraeba.ck, as also a. lion ra.m~ant upon a. shield p. 39 and 48). 53

A I Sm SIMON FITZ ~ALPII = MARGARET DE ROBERT DE AMicIA, had lands DE 0RMESDY, living t. Ed. 1. RYE, (p. 38). OUMESBY, (p. in Ormesby by gift (p. 43). Gave the manor of 38 and 51). of her father (p. Rokelund to Peter de Gipthorp 48). Ga.ve lands with Amia his daughter lP· 43). there to Green­ Summoned amongst other great field (p. 48). landowners to a great council at Newcastle in 1296 (p. 43). Ha.d a charter of freewarren m Ormesby etc., in 1315 (p. 40). I SIR RALPH F!TZ SIMON = d. and coh. of AMI.A, = SIR PETER DE Qyp. DE 0RMESBY, K.G., one oi the Gybthorpe of ma,rried temp TROUP, summoned founder Knights of the Order of Gybthorpe. Ed. I (p. 43 ). to a great council the Garter(?) and thereforeliving · Living 1327 at Newcastle 1296 1350 (p. 38). His arme a lion (p. 42 ). (p. 43). Living .. rampant ermine (p. 40). 1327 (p, 42). I SIR SIMON DE 0RMESBY, = HAWISIA MARGARET = SIR wILLIAM DE living 1327 (p. 42). (p. 38).· eventual heir- SKIPWITH. ess. A widow in 1373. I SIR wILLIAM SKIPWITH, I Lord Chief Justice of England.

Having done my best to follow out the later history of Ralph Fitz Simon's property, I will now return again to firm ground. On page 34 and 29 I gave proof that Ralph was the representative and heir of llugo Blundus, and identified the fee which he held in 1199, 1209, and C. 1213. The two fees held of Darcy had been granted to Ralph's ancestor before 1135, but not as early as 1086; for in Domesday Norman de Adreci appears as holding Marton, etc., in his own hands, and no tenant is mentioned. Now, if we turn to the survey of 1166 in Hearne's Liber Niger (p 275), we find Simon son of Osbert holding two knights fees of Thomas Darcy of old feo:ffment. Here then we have a striking confirmation of our theory, for Simon Fitz Osbert was the grandson and heir of Hugo Blundus and the father of Ralph. Many charters of the Daroies are to 64 be found in monastic cartularies, and. in the British Museum are two originals (Harley charters 49-C-22, 49-0-23) earlier in date than 1160, and with fine seals attached which bear the impression of an eagle. But to none of these ha-ve I found either Osbert, Simon Fitz Osbert, or Ralph Fitz Simon, a witness. Though tenants of the Darcies they must have been vassals of some other lord. It is difficult then to explain for what reason the Darcies originally granted out these two fees which were in demesne in 1086, unless they were granted to Simon Fitz Osbert or his father in frank marriage. There is no mention in the survey of 1166 of any one who can have been the holder of the two fees in Ormesby, Kettlesby, etc., which Ralph Fitz Simon of the Testa de Nevill was holding under the Earl of Chester, and of which his ancestor had probably been possessed before 1119. The reason of this omission is simple; all the Chester fees are omitted from this survey, beca.use they were .. attached to the Palatine Earldom in which the King's writ for such a. return could not run. We find however in the Lincolnshire pipe roll for ~2 Henry II.-(1166) the following entry. De Osberto cle Ormesbi IX soliclos. The occurrence of the name Osbert at Ormesby shows that here again we are on the track of Hugo Blundus. I do not assert that this Osbert de Ormesby is the same as Osbert, father of Simon, for I believe that he died before this year. Either this Osbert is a junior member of the family, whose name it was unnecessary to introduce into the 1194 case (and that- such younger members were omitted is clear from the appearance of Roger de Ormesby as witness to a charter of Stephen Fitz Herbert dated 1159 [Harley charters 47-i-8]); or, as is far more probable, a fine owing by Osbert the head of_ the family had been kept on the books in his name for several years after his death, until paid by his successor. This is the most likely hypothesis, for if a later Osbert de Ormesby, alive in 1166 and later, had existed, I should certainly have found him as a witness to charters. Going still further back to Domesday (Vol. 1-p-349-B.) we find that in 1086 a certain Hugo, the vassal of the Earl of Chester, held Kettlesby and Ormesby. ·Thus in tracing back the ownership of the properties which Ralph Fitz Simon of our suit in 1194 must have possessed, we have come across a line of names identical with those in the pedigree proved in that case. In the Darcy 55 fees we havo found a Simon Fitz Osbert of 1166, in the Chester fees a Hugh of

1086, and an Osbert de Ormosby of 1166. I have already shown that it 1 is natl;iral to give C. 1094 as the date wh~n Hugo Blundus was in the prin1e of life (p 5), and I conclude that he is the same person as Hugo, the Domesday tenant of the Earl of Chester.

But I shall take my argument still further, ancl endeavour by a complete chain of circumstantial evidence to identify Hugo, the Earl's tenant in Lincolnshire, with Hugo Fitz Osbern, his tenant in Cheshire.

I shall show that Ralph Fitz Simon was witness to charters of the Earls of Chester at the commencement of the thirteenth century; that, in the reign of Henry the Second, Simo:q Fitz Osbert performed the same part; that he was preceded a generation earlier by Osbern Fitz Hugh. I shall prove that these were the successors of Hugh Fitz Osbern, one of the greater tenants in Cheshire in 1086, and witness to many of the acts of Hugh Lupus. Here, then, we have four men, Hugh Fit.z Osbern, Osbern Fitz Hugh, Simon Fitz Osbert, Ralph Fitz Simon, identical in name and date with the ancestors of Isore de Reresby and tenants of the same overlords. They are connected together, firstly, by the fact that all four were either benefactors to the Abbey of St. Werburgh at Chester, or witnesses to the gifts of the Earls to that religious house; secondly, by their precedence in the list of witnesses, where their names are found immediately before or after that of the head of the house of De Maci. There is a similar link between one of them, Simon Fitz Osbert, and Richard de Ormesby of 1194, for just as I have shown the latter several times in the company of the De Kymes, so I find the former three times witnessing with Philip de Kyme, or with Simon Fitz William, Philip's father. Like Isore's ancestors they adopted patronymics according to the Danish custom, and these patronymics indicate their descent. I shall proceed to show that they used in their arms the same _figures borne, certainly by the Reresbies, and probably by the Ormesbi~s •

., I shall then put the keystone to my argument that-Hugo, the Earl of Chester's tenant in Lincolnshire, Hugo Blundus the ancestor of Ralph Fitz Simon the Earl's tenant in Lincolnshire, and Hugh Fitz Osbern bis tenant in Cheshire, are one and the same person, by direct evidence that the Lincoln.shire Ralph Fitz Simon of the later surveys in the Testa de Nevill was overlord of 56 some of the Cheshire manors, possessed by Hugo Fitz Osbern in 1086, and in which Hugo had been succeeded by persons of the same names and dates as the ancestors of Ralph, mentioned in the suit of 1194. I shall add proof that Ralph Fitz Simon de Ormesby was succeeded in Cheshire by a Simon Fitz Ralph de Ormesby living in 1290, and by a Sir Ralph Fitz Simon living 1363, who are without doubt the same persons who, according to Vincent's pedigree and the records which I have collected, succeeded him in Lincolnshire also (see p-38 and 42). The conclusion that Ralph Fitz Simon was the· heir of Hugo Fitz Osbern cannot be resisted, and I have already shown that. he was the heir of Hugo Blundus, and was in possession of the Lincolnshire property held by Hugo in 1086.

The appearance of Ralph Fitz Simon, Simon Fitz Osbert, and Osbern Fitz Hugh, as witnesses to the charters of the Earls of Chester, first led me to trace out this family to their ancestor the Cheshire Hugh Fitz Osbern of Domesday; but I did so rather in order to prevent confusion, than with the belief that these feudal vassals of the Earls could be identified with the ancestors of Isorius de Reresby. I had determined to treat the families as distinct unless I found the name of Ralph },itz Simon in any of the manors held by Hugh Fitz Osbern, and to my surprise I found that two of the most important were held in the early thirteenth century of Ralph Fitz Simon de Ormesby, the full surname preventing any possibility of mistake.

The names Osbern and Osbert are identical. That this was the opinion of Dugdale and Dodsworth an entry in the index of the old monasticon shows, where under ":fi.lius Osberni" we have the addition "sive Osbarti.' 1 In the Testa de Nevill (p-342-B) is the name of Osbertus de Ingaudebi, which within a few lines is found again as Osbernus de Ingaudebi. A reference to Ellis's introduction to Domesday will show that, in that record, the two forms are used without discrimination. Eyton in his Lincolnshire collection (B.M. Addit. MSS. 31, 930-p-62) has a long but convincing argument to prove the identity of that important personage Osbert, the Sheriff of Lincolnshire, with Osbern Presbyter: and, to make this argument conclusive, Mr. Round has within the last few months discovered a direct statement, in a monastic record, that Osbert the Sheriff was a priest. Perhaps Osbern may be the Danish and Osbert the Norman form of the name. Osbert the Sheriff is a very well-known person, and though, owing to Reginald de Crevequer's gift or perpetual lease to him of two carucates in Snelleslund, Suntorp, and Reresby (Testa de Nevill- 338), he and his descendants, who are equally well known, held lands in those places, yet there is no danger whatever of confusion between him and Osbert the ancestor of !sore de Reresby. HuoH FrTz OsBERN AND OsBERN FrTz TEzzoN. In 1086 the Earl of Chester had two Lincolnshire tenants of the names of Hugh and Osbern: the former of whom held in Kettlesby and Ormesby, the latter, who must not be confounded with Osbern the' homo' of William de Perci, in Staintune, Welle, and Neuberie (Stainton, Welle, and Newbolt). So again, in Cheshire, we find among the greater tenants of I-Iugh Lupus a Hugh Fitz Osbern and an Osbern Fitz Tezzon. The genealogists, following the lead of Sir Peter Leycester, have asserted that Hugh Fitz Osbern was the son of Osbern Fitz Tezzon, and have so jumbled up the heirs and descendants of both families that it is necessary to trace the property of both, in order to disentangle the lines. It is true that Hugh Fitz Osbern and Osbern Fitz Tezzon were close neighbours, that their names and the names of their descendants are found adjacent to each other as witnesses to charters, that the families which sprung from either used the same figure, a cross patonce, for an heraldic ensign, and it is therefore likely enough that they were near relatives. There is an indication which falls short of proof, that Osborn Fitz Tezzon was succeeded by a son Hugh Fitz Osbern, distinct from, and of rather later date than the Domesday tenant, and this is probably the explanation of the confusion into which Sir Peter Leycester, who, no doubt, had access to early charters since destroyed, has fallen. Osbern the 'homo ' of Earl Hugh held in 1086 in Staintune, in Welle, and in Neuberie, co. Lincoln (Domesday-p-349-B). Ancl of the identity of this Lincolnshire Osbern with Osbern Fitz Tezzon of Cheshire we have luckily the most direct and complete proof possible. We have.a direct statement made in 1081, before the date of Domesday, that Osbern Fitz Tezzon was at that time in possession of N eubela in Lincolnshire. lvlonasticon, VJ-p-1079-charter of confirmation by William the Conqueror to the Abbey of St. Evroul in 1081. "Alii quoque homines Hugonis_ Comitis, Uticensi ecclesiae decimas suas dederunt. In Nicholescira Rozscelinus de Estentona, Osbernus Tezsonis 1 ftlius de N eubela, Baldrious de Farefort, decimam cum uno rustico. '

H 58

Neubela is a common form of the name Newbold, which appears in Domesday as N euberic. Nicholscira is_of course Lincolnshire, and tho document states that Osbol'n Fitz Tezson gave his tithes of Neubela in Lincolnshire to tho Abbey, and this gift must have been before 1081. Osborn, in 1086, held in Staiutune, Welle, and Neuborie, and here ,vo have a Rozscclinu~ granting the tithes of Stainton. Flis property may have passed to Osbern before tho great survey was taken, but as a matter of fact he probably continued a part owner or tenant of Stainton, though not mentioned in the survey. For in the survey of Lindsey which has been printet1 both by Mr .. Chester Waters and Mr. Greenstreet, and the accepted date of which is circa 1114orlll6, wo have this entry concer;ning "\Vraghoe vVapontake (Chester Waters survey of Liuclsey, p-35), "Richard, Earl (of Chester) has 3 cars. at Stainton by Langwath, of which the sons of Roscelin arc tenants, and 2 cars. 2 bovs. in New bold, of which Hugh is tenant.,; We :find some Fitz Roscelins witnesses to some very early charters, (B.M:. Harley charter, 49-A-2) and it is a fact worthy of notice that the Norm.anvilles, who were lords of Thribergh and Brinsford, Dalton and Bolton, co. York, which had been held in 1086 by a certain Rozeline under de Perci, were also possessed of a property at this Stainton. A Rozelinus homo comitis Hugo11is held in Fingeleston, co. Linc., in 1086.

The occurrence of Hugh in 1114-1116 in &. manor of which we have found Osbern Fitz Tezzon possessed in 1086, suggests that the latter was succeeded by a son Hugh Fitz Osber11. It is possibie to object l1ere that this llngh n1ay be the IIugo Blundus of the 1194 suit, but to this there is a conclusive answer. Hugh of Newbold was succeeded by the Boydells (p76), and in their pedigree there is no mention of any of the persons who are there given as the descendants of Hugo Blunclus. Still more valuable is the proof that Osbern, the Earl's Domesday vassal in Lincolnshire, is none other than Osbern Fitz Tezzon, for it furnishes a strong buttress to my theory that Hugh, the Earl's Lincolnshire tenant at Ormesby and I{ettlesby, is identical with Hugh Fitz Osbern of Cheshire. Monasticon, Vol 2-:,p-385. Charter of Hugh Lupus, 1093. Testibus, Anselmo archiepiscopo, IIorvoio episcopo, Baldwino monacho, Eustachio monacho, Heldebaldo monacho, 59

Roberto filio Hugonis, Willieln10 -constabulario, Willielmo · Malbano,· Ranulfo dn,pifero, liugone Normanni filio, Radulpho dapifero, Hugone·· til-io Osberni, Hammone de Maci, Gilberto de Venables, Richardo de Vernon, Richardo de Rullos, Bigod de Loges, Richardo filio Nigelli, Roberto filio Serli, Ranulfo venatore, Erneiso venatore, etc. 2lfonastion, _Vol 2-p-386. Charter of William Malbanc to St. Werburg, Teste, comitissa, Ricardo Banastre, Huuone Osberni filio, Bigod de Hoge, Ricardo Pincerna et Suardo. Charter of Robert Fitz Hugh to St. Werburgh 1093. Teste Willielmo Nigelli filio et fratre ejus Richardo, Ranulpho dapifero, Bigod, Ramone de Maci, Huuone OsbernifiUo, Hugone Normanni filio, Fulcone de-Bajnnvilla, U nfrido de Constentin, Willielmo de Berneres, Acardo. Charter of Seward to St. Werburgh 1093. Teste Willielmo Constabulario, Hugone Osbernifilio, et Wimundo de Col. These three charters were confirmed in the same year, 1093, by Hugh Lupus. It will be noticed that Hugh Fitz Osbern's name occurs once immediately before that of fiamon de Maci, once immediately after. In the other charters, which I am about to quote, the names, in succeeding generations, of Hugh Fitz Osborn, Osbern Fitz Hugh, Simon Fitz Osbert, and Ralph Fitz Simon, occur in the same setting. They are in the midst of the Barons of Cheshire, ancl great officers of the Earl's court and household; the barons of Halton, hereditary constables of the Palatinate ; the barons of Montalt, hereditary stewards to the Earls; the Manbancs barons of Nautwich; the Vernons, barons of Shipbrook ; the de Macis, barons of Dunham Masci ; the Venables barons. of Kinderton ; the Mainwarings ; the Vena tors, who derived their surname from the office of Master huntsman to Hugh Lupus and his successors, and from whom the house of Grosvenor derives its ancestry. To digress for a 1noment, it seems to me that the Dukes of Westminster can well afford to thro·w over the fable of ·their descent fro1n the mythical "grossi venatores ,, of Normandy, and to acknowledge i:qstead the historical fact that 60 their surname is derived from this hereditary service to the Earls Palatine of Chester. The office was an important one, and at this time the Master huntsmen even of minor barons were persons of importance, Thus in the Kirkstead cartulary (p-11-remarked 'l) I find a charter of '' Ricardus Bareth venato:r Domini Roberti de Tateshal." Monasticon, Vol. 2-p-387. Richard Earl of Chester to St. Wel'burg, 1119. Testibus, · Ranulpho Meschin et Willielmo fratre suo, Willielmo Constabulario et Ricardo fratre suo, Hugone Malbanc, Osberno Meschyn, Hugono filio Osberni et Willelmo fratre ejus. 'fhese na,mes are a little confusing a,t first sight. lVfeschyn is not a surname but simply means junior or the younger, being derived from the Latin "Mischinus,'' French "Meschin" (le Jenne), (Complete Peerage, by G. E. C. p-223). William bas of course nothing to do with the great William :Fitz Osbern. I find that a William Fitz Osbern was a benefactor in a small way, (he gave one messuage, and his cha,rter is omitted), to St. Werburg, by an entry in the cartulary (Harleian MSS. 1965-back of page 22.) I have already shown that Hugh Fitz Osbern was a witness to the foundation chairter of that Abbey, and that a later Hugh Fitz Osbern gave a house in Chester and a meadow, and I shall presently give evidence that Simon Fitz Osbern was also a benefactor: we may therefore reasonably suppose that William Fitz Osbern the witness, was one of the same family. With Osbern Meschyn and Hugh Fitz Osbern I will deal when I discuss the charter which I shall next quote. Willielmus Oonstabularius, witnessed the preceding charter in company with Hugh Fitz Osbern in 1093. Hugo Malbctnc, was the successor to William Malbanc, who is principal of one and witness to another charter, in 1093, in company of Hugh Fitz Osborn. Monasticon, Vol, 2-p-387. Ranulph Earl of Chester to St. Wer burg, confirming the gifts of his men. H-ugo filius Osberni dedit unam mansuram in Cestria ct unum pratum quod vocatur Kingeseya, 61

Testimonio, Willielmi Meschini, Willielmi constabularii et Radulfi. dapiferi, Hugonis Malbanc, Ricardi Banastre, H1-tgonis filii Osherni, Osberni filii Hugonis, Roberti de Maci, Roberti fl.Iii Bigoti, Adae de Praers, Gaufridi capellani, Gurgicii doctoris, Ricardi fl.Iii Nigelli. Willielrnus 111.eschines, was a witness in 1119 with I-Iugh Fitz Osbern. JVillielmus Oonstabula.rius, a witness in 1093 to two charters with Hugh Fitz Osbern. Radulplius Dapife,r, a witness in 1093 with Hugh Fitz Osbern. Hugo Malbane, a witness in 1119 with Hugh Fitz Osbern and successor to William Malbanc, 1093. Riaardus Banastre, see Ormerod's Cheshire, Helsby's edition 1882, Vol. 2, p-574. Robertus de Maei, second son of Hamo de Maci, who witnessed with Hugh Fitz Osbern in 1093. Robertus Fitz Bigoti, probably son of Bigod de Loges, three times a witness with Hugh Fitz Osbern in 1093. Atlarn de Prae-rs, lord of Barthomley (Ormerod's Chesbire, Helsby's edition 1882, Vol. III, p-299. Rieharcl Fitz Nigel, a witness in 1093 with I-Iugh Fitz Osbern. This gift of Hugo Fitz Osbern is stated by the Earl to have been made' in meo tempore,' and therefore after 1119, a}?-d Leycester dated it 1124, (Ormerod's Cheshire, Helsby's edition, Vol. 1-p-520). Here again we have the names of our men immediately before that of the head of the house of Maci. Hugh Fitz Osbern and Osbern Fitz Hugh appear side by side, as did the Domesday Osbern Fitz Tezzon and Hugh Fitz Osbern, whom I believe to have been their fath~r~. We have no reason to doubt that this Hugh Fitz Osbern is the Hugh Fitz Osbern of the preceding charter of 1119, and that Osbern Fitz Hugh is identical with Osbern called" Meschyn" or "the younger," I believe that this name is employed to distinguish him_ from Osbern Fitz Tezzon who may have been yet living in 1119. The lapse of time renders it probable that this I-Iugh Fitz Osbern is not the tenant of 1086; for we may take as evidence of the average 62 length of life the fact that only seven out of the forty-five barons who held in Lindsey that year, were living in 1114-1116 (Chester Waters survey of Lindsey-p-7).

Hist. Coll. StajJ'. Vol. iii--part 1-p-187. Ralph Earl of Chester to Geva Ridel restoring to her Draitun, as Earl Hugh had given it her in free marriage. Ifugone filio Osbfrti a witness. C. 1120.

Eyton in his contributions to Wrottesley's collections for a history of Staffordshire has quoted this charter from B.M. Harleian MS. 2060, where is Randal Holme's transcript of it taken in 1638 from the charter book of the Bassetts of Draitnn Bassett, and by a careful study of the witnesses has dated it C. 1120.

Ormerocl's Cheshire (Helsby's edition, 1882), Vol. 3-p-547. Randle Earl of Chester to Hugh, son of Bigod. Testibus. Walthuo filio Wulfrici, et H·ugone filio Osberti, et Serlone Oinatore, et Ricardo Bacone, et Ranulpho Yenatore, et Galfrido Hostiario, et Roberto filio Golelatin.

Walthuus fiJiu.s TVitlf rici, lord of Marton and father-in-law of Gilbert Venables, (Ormerod's Cheshire, Helsby's edition 1882, Vol. III, p-210Jand 724).

Ricluircl Baaone, a nephew of Earl Ranulph's, founded the Abbey of Roucester in about the year 1146. Ranulpli Venator, twice a witness with I-Iugh Fitz Osbern in 1093. This is copied from Harleian MSS. 2074-p-184.

Monasticon, Vol vi.-p-397. Ranu1£ the Second, Earl of Chester, founding the priory of Trentham. Testibus. "\:Villielmo abbate Radmorae, Roberto abbate . . . Roberto prim~e de Cale, E ustachio fl.Ho J ohannis, Simone filio Willielmi, Willielmo de Gresele, Roberto filio fiugonfa, 8iuwne filfo Osbcrti, RiclJarclo Pincerna, a pud Greseleg. 63

The editor of the Monasticon dates the foundation as at the end of the reign of Henry the First, but this is ap11arently a mistake. Of the nine witnesses to this -011arter eight are found attesting that which I shall next quote, and both must therefore be of the same date. Both are dated from Gresley Castle in Derbyshire, and the Rev. R. vV. Eyton believed them to have been granted by the Earl in 1153, in1mediately before his death which probably took place at Gresley. (See Collections for a history of Staffordshire, Vol. 2, p-49.) 1Villiam, Abbot of Stonelcy, alias Bwlmore, died in 1159 (Monasticon, Vol V.-p-445). Eu~tace Fitz John, the constable of Chester, was slain in 1157 (Ormerocl's Cheshire, Helsby's edition 1882, Vol l-p-692). His wife's ancestors, the barons of Halton, are frequently found in the company of Hugh Fitz Osbern ''and of Osbern Fitz Tezzon. TVillia,m de Gre:.;ley founded the priory of Gresley in the time of Henry the First, probably about 1120, (Monasticon, Vol. VI.-p-550). Robert Fitz Hugh cannot be the ba"ron of Malpas who was living in 1086 (Ormerod's Cheshire, Helsby's edition, 1882, Vol. 2-p-598). Simon l?itz 1Villiam, according to Ormerod, (Vol. 1-p-58), was a grandson of Hugh Fitz Norman, and part farmer of the lands of the Palatinate in 1160. But here, I believe, that Ormerod is clearly mistaken; the witness and farmer to the Earl is Simon Fitz William, the founder of Bullington Priory h1 the reign of Stephen, and father. of Philip de Kime, who, in his charter to Kirksteacl, mentions Simon Fitz William, his father, aud who was dapifertoEarl Gilbert de Gant up to 1156 (Eyton's Collections, Addit lVISS. 31,938-p-55). This Simon Fitz William, under the name of Simon Fitz Willia1n Fitz Anchitel, appears in 1114-1116, (Chester Waters survey of Lindsey, p-19), as holding in Hackthorn, co. Lincoln. JJJ onastfoon, ·Vul. IJ.-p-388. Ranulph, Earl of Chester, to St. Werburg. Testibus. Willielmo abbate Rademore, Roberto priore de Calke, Johanne capellano, Enstachio filio J ohannis, Simone filio "\Villiehni, Willielmo cle Greille, Ricarclo pincerna, Heigone ancip., Roberto de Buscherville. Roberto filio Hugonis, Simone filio Osberni, apud Greseleg. 64

This charter also was confirmed by Henry the Second.

llouertdeBoscherville was alive as late as in 1177, (Coll. Hist. Staff, Vol.III., 1882, p-228). The original Treaty of Devizes, 1152-1154, by which Henry, Duke of Normandy restored to Ranulf, Earl of Chester, his inheritance in England and in Normandy, is preserved in the British Museum (Cotton charters, XVII-2). It is printed in I-Iist. Coll. Staff., Vol. 2-p-220. To this treaty the witnesses are:- Ex parte Comitis Ranul:fi., Willelmo Comite Lincolnie, Hugone Wac, G. Castellano de Fines, Simone filio Willelmi, Turstano de Monteford, Gaufrido de Constentin, Willelmo de Verd., Ricardo Pincerna, Rogero Wac, Simone filio Osberti.

Simon Fitz William and Richard Pincerna are both found in the two previous charters.

Cartulary of St. Werlntrg, Harleian "JJ188., 1965-p-26. "IJonacio ecclesie Sancti Petri in Oestria." "Symon filius Osberni dedit ecclesiam Sancti Petri in Cestria."

Symon's charter is not given, and probably had been lost at the time when this cartulary was made. The church of St. Peter is said by the historians of Chester to have been given in 1081 by Robert de Rodelent to the Abbey of St. Ebrulf of Utica in Normandy, the monks of which, after several intermediate arrangements, finally quitclaimed the rectory to St. W erburg (Ormerod's Cheshire, I-Ielsby's edition, 1882, Vol 1-p-323). :But this account cannot for a moment dis•credit the direct statement of the cartulary. It appears that in 1086, (Domesday, Vol. 1-p-262-B), the site of St. Peter's church was in dispute between the city of Chester and Robert de Bodelent, who claimed that it belonged to his manor outside of the city. No doubt the case was still undecided at the date of Simon Fitz Osbert's charte:r, who, we may conjecture, was heir to the claim put forward in 1086 that it was within the city's jurisdic­ tion, while the monks of St. Ebrulf; inherited Robert de Rodelent's pretended rights. The Abbey of St. W erburg prevailed, no doubt owing to the weakness 65 of Robert c1o Rodelent's claims. I have already quoted (p 60) Hugh Fitz Osbcrn'8 donation of a house and field in Chester, a clear proof that his fan1ily were possessed of lancl within the walls of Chester. The church of vY est Kirkby, in "\Virrall hundred, co. Chester, was also given by Robert de Rodelent to St. Ebrulf, ancl passed in the same way into other hands (Ormerod, I-Ielsby's edition, 1882, Vol. 2-p-485). In Sir Peter Leycester'sHist. Antiq. (Cheshire), London, folio 1673, p-131, is the following document, which he transcribed in 1640 fro1n the original in the possession of Sir Simon Dewes. 1153-1177 I-Iu.gh Cyvoliok Earl of Chester to Bolington. Tostibus, Roberto Dapiforo (le Monte alto. Filippo llo I{y1na, Simone .filio O:;l,crti, Willielmo Patric, Radulpho filio W arneri, Rogero de Maletot, Johanne Priore de Trentham, and others whose names are given. Philip cle J(yme died c. 1177 : he was dapifcr to Earl Gilbert do Gaut (Addit MSS. 31938-p-55). _Robert cle lJfontalt accounted in 1160 for the farm of part of the Eal'hlon1 of Chester (Ormerod's Cheshire, Vol. l-p-57) He was son of Radul1Jl1us Dapifer, tho witness with I-Iugh Fitz Osborn and Osborn Fitz IIugh, c.1124, a11ll grandson (1nore probably than i:;on) of Ranulph Dapifer who twice attested with Hugh Fitz Osbern in 1093. rrhere were probably two Willian1 Patrics, of whom the later was living in 1178 (Ormerod's Cheshire, Helsby's edition, 1882, Vol. 2-p-598.) I shall now give a charter in which Simon Fitz Osbert is the principal. Sir Peter Leycester, the well-known antiquary and historian of Cheshire, copied it in 1649 from the original at Dutton. His transcript is in Liber C. folio 154 F. of his manuscripts, which have been carefully preserved at 'I1abloy I-louse, ancl I am able to print it from the copy kindly made by Lady do Tabley on the 22nd September, 1887. "Leigh .Jw1;ta Barterton. Simuntlus filius Osberni omnibus bominibus- suis ot a1nicis, &c: Dodi ct conccssi in fcu ffir1na Hugoni filio Hugonis ot hacrodibus suis totam villau:i.

l 66

de Leia &c. Roddendo annuatin1 duas marcas Argenti ad fostum Sancti Martini: I-Iis tcstibus, IIamoncl de 1\iiassoy, Rogero do 1\'Iainwaring, ot Randulfo de Mainwaring &c., Acla filio Hugonis, Herin sacordote, Ricardo Lancling.

This town of Loigh is now (1649),£25 18s. 0d. of olu Rent.

This rent is now 11ai

Fiero wo have Simon Fitz Osborn in tho co1npauy of do Massey, (as wore IIugh Fitz Osbern, Oi:;bern Fitz Hugh, anc.l tho later Hugh Fitz Osborn), with the MainwaringF:1, (whose ancestors' gift to St. Warburg had boon confi.nnou by Earl Richard, Osborn Meschyn and I-Iugh Fitz Osborn being witnesses), anll with Richard Lancling, who held Poulton antl Appleton of the Boidols (Ormerod's Cheshire, Helsby's edition, 1882, Vol. 2-p-440.) I i;hall presently show that these two manors belonged to Osbern Fitz ,.rezzon in 1086, and that the Boiclels were the successors to all or most of Osbern Fitz Tezzon' s property. Richard Lancling was then a tenant of Osborn Fitz Tezzon's descendants.

Ormerod anJ lielsby, following Sir Poter Leycester, say that '' Simon Fitz Osbern of about the time of John gave little Legh, near Barterton, to tho fa1nily of Dutton" (Ormerod's Cheshire, llelsby's edition, 1882, Vol. !-p-637): anll elsewhere state that this Simon Fitz Osborn was the representative of Osborn J:4-,itz Tezzon, arnl ancestor of tho Boiuels of Doulcston. It is 1ny Intention to prove tha.t tl1is charter is earlier in date tl1an tho reign of John, probably even of Richard, and that Simon J:4.,itz Osbert had nothing to do with the descendants of Osbern Fitz Tezzon. It is an indication of the correctness of the argument that I am building up, that I was fully convinced even befo·rc I saw the charter that, as being made by Simon :Pitz Osbert, it could not be later than the time of Henry the Seconcl.

It is true enough that there were several 1-Iughs Fitz Hugh (De Dutton), and I-Iarr10nds de Masey of all elates and of any date, and that Adam Fitz Hugh do Dutton was living through the three reigns of Henry the Second, and of his son8 (Orn1erod's Cheshire, I-Iclsby's edition, 1882, Vol. 1-p-643.) Again Roger and Ralph de Mainwaring may be tho sons of Ralph de Mainwaring, tho justice of Chester in the latter part of the reign of Henry tho Second and the beginning 67 of that of his successor, who is believed to have married the daughter of Earl Hugh (Orn1orocl's Cheshire, I-Ielsby's eclition, 1882, Vol. IIl.-p-226). But it is equally probahlo that hore we have Ralph, the son-in-law of Earl Hugh, before he became a judge, and Roger his father.

So far, there is a rm.uarkable difficulty and vagueness as to the date: but the name of the last witness, Richard Laucolyn, supplied the key of the position. It is easy hero to convict Leycester, and Ormerod and Helsby, who have blindly follo,ved him, of error out of their own mouths. For there was only one Richard Lancelyn. By a charter, which they ascribe (Ormerod's Cheshire, Helsby's edition, 1882, Vol. 1-p-615) to the reign of Henry the Second, Hugo de Boiclel granted t9 Robert Lancelyn the manors, which Richard Lancelyn had held of the donor's ancestors (see llarl. MSS. 1965-p-4,. also 2022-p-13). If they have dated this charter correctly, Richard de Lancelyn had died before the en

Hugo Comes Cestrie, Constabulario, 1Dapifero, Baronibus, Justiciariis, Vice-comitibus Ministris et Ballivis et omnibus Hominibus snis Francis et Anglis, omnibusqne Prelatis et Filiis Sancte Ecclesie, salutem. Sciatis me concessfase, et hac Carta mea confirmasse in perpetuam elemosynam pro salute a.nhne patris mei et 1natris mee et antecessorum meorum et mee, Deo et Sancte Marie et Sancto Benedicto et Sancto Jacobo et Monachis eorum, Mintinges et Ecclesiam Sancte Andree de Mintinges, et ecclesiam omnhun sanctorum de Gontebi et Terram Spilemanni, et duas Bovatas terre et dimidium Wimundi Coci et unam Bovata1n terre Willelmi J>iiiercne (?) et quicquid pater meus habuit in duabns Mintinges, excepta tenura Roberti de Founchun et Berengarii Falcona:rii. Et concedo qnocl predicti Monachi et homines eorum habeant omnia aisiamenta sua in Bosco meo de Mintinge ad edificia sua et Pa1111agiun1 suum, sine vendicione et Donacione. Quapropter volo ·et percipio quod supradicti Monachi preclictam elemosynam in Rebus ,omnibus ita libere et quiete et honorifice inperpetuun1 teneant sicti.t 69

Elemosina, liberius quietius et honorificius potest teneri. Testibus. Simone filio Osberti, Radulpho filio ejus, Ricardo de Lovetot, Frambaldo de Radefont, vVillelmo Bennibers, Ricardo Capellano, apud Bettisford, An account of Cole's copy of the Register of Spalding can,be found in the Genealogist for April 1888 : his honesty and carefulness are both above suspicion. In this charter we ha-xe direct evic1ence for a succession of three generations, which tally exactly with the pedigree given in the case of 1194.

OsBERN or OSBERT, = [Under the name of Osbern the y_ounger, a, witness to Richard Earl of Chester's charter to St. W er burg, in 1119 : as Osbern Fitz Hugh, a witness to Ranulph Earl of Chester's charter to St. W erburg, c. 1124. J

SIMON FITZ OSBERN = or FITZ OSBERT, a witness to the treaty of Devizes, to the founda­ tion of the Priory of Trentham, to Hugh Earl of Chester's charters to Bolington and to Spaldmg. Witnessed Ranulph Earl of Chester's charter to St. Werburg, and gave to that Abbey the church of St. Peter in Chester. Gave the .town of Legh to Hugh Dutton. In 1166 held 2 Knights fees in Lincolnshire, of old feoffment, of Darcy, and was succeeded here and in Cheshire by his son.

RALPH FITZ SIMON' living c. 1180-1230, witness to the foundation of the Abbey of Dieulacros, and to many other of Ranulph Earl of Chester's charters. It appears that there was another Simon Fitz Osbert of Suffolk, in the reign of Henry the Second. In the Rotulus Chartarum (Vol. 1-p-116) is'.King John's confirmation of the gift of a certain Simon Fitz Osbert of the Church of 70

Trinity, to the canons of St. Trinity, Gypewic. This is the Priory of the Holy Trinity of Ipswich, co. Suffolk (Monasticon, Vol. VI-p-447), and it is obvious that the church must have been given at the foundation, which took place bofore 1177. Simon's gift is mentioned in the paragraph which begins with a donation of King Henry the Second's, so that it was probably made after 1154. This Simon Fitz Osbert of Ipswich, seems to be a distinct person of only local importance. There was also a Simon Fitz Osbert of Northamptonshire, living in 1199, as appears from frequent entries in the Rotuli Curie Regis, which show him at la. w concerning a small holding of six virga tes in Setelhangre or Schitela.ng. But these two persons are easily distinguished from their more importa.nt namesake. I pass on to Ralph Fitz Simon. ,, In Ormerod's Cheshire, Helsby's edition, 1882, Vol. 1-p-614, is a charter printed from the copy taken by Sir Peter Leycester from the original in the possession of Mr. Legh, of Swineyard. 1178-1190. Roger, Constable of Chester, grants to the Hospita,llers a moiety of , co. Chester. Testibus. Henrico priore de Nortona, Ricardo Capellano, Ricardo fratre Constabularii, Hugone de Bosdele, Rallulplw fil-io Simoni:;, Thoma dispensatore, Hugone de Duttona, Ada de Duttona, and many others whose names are given. Ormerod says this charter is of "about the reign of Richard the First," but it is possible to date it within a limit of twelve years ; Hen:ry, prior of Norton, is said in the Monasticon (VI-312) to have held that office from 1178 to 1190. Here we have Ralph Fitz Simon in the companionship of -the Duttons (Simon Fitz Osbert's charter to one of whom I have quoted), of the Constable of Chester, and of the Boidels.

B.M. .Atltl-itional charter, 15771. ( The original.) Scriptum quo Ranulphus, Comes Cestrie concedit sancte Marie et Monachis de Combern1ere terram in Winchul in foresta de Maclesfeld (co. Chest.) ad grangam facienclam, et pasturam ibidem, sub conditionibus. Testibus. Rogero Constabulario Cestrie, Radulpho de' Monte alto 71

senescallo ejusdem, Thoma Basset, Radulpho de Masnilwarin, Petro Rocand, Thoma dispensatore, Warino de Vernon, R(tdulpho fil-io Symonis, Hugone de Boyclele, Ricardo et Rogero de Croylei, Gaufrido et Willielmo Farli, Ricardo Pisce, Ricardo de Boydele, Reginaldo f:ilio Archienb', Patricio de Modberleg', Thoma clerico comitis, Ricardo clerico de Randestorn, et multis aliis apud Madesfeld (1180--1230, according to Museum catalogue). Leycester in his (p. 134) prints the following charter from his copy taken out of the cartulary of St. Warburg. 1181-1211. Ranulph III., Earl of Chester's confirmation to St. Werburg. Testibus. Bertreya Comitissa Matre mea, Radulpho de Mesnilwaringe, Hugone de Bosco-Ale, Radulf'o filio SinwniN, Rogero Fratre Oomitis, Rogere Con­ stabulario, Gaufrido de Buxeria, Stephano de longo Campo, Alano de Bosco-Ale, Bertramo Camerario, Alexandro filio Radulfi, Johanne Clerico, Bech dispensatore, Petro clerico. Roger de Lacy, Constable of Chester, died in 1211, (Ormorod's Cheshire, Helsby's edition, 1882, vol. 1-p-696), so that the charter is earlier than that year. It must be later than 1181, the year of the death of Hugh Keveliok, Bertraya's husband. B.JJ;f. Harley charter, 54-.A-45. ( 'l'he original.) Carta qua Ydonia de Neubela concedit sanctimonialibus de Bulington (Bullington, co. Linc.) duas. perticatas terre ad perficiendum fossatum suum, quod venit ~le aqua de Barlinge usque ad Bradeagh in eoden1 com. Testibus, Alexandro Archidiacono l\iiagistro Willelmo cle Munz, Ricarclo de Kime, Waltero Blunde, ca.nonicis ecclesie Beate Marie Lincolnie, Henrico etHugone capellanis predicte Yd.onie, Symone de Kime, Philippo filio ejus, llan.uJj'o jilio Simonis, Roberto de Trehaut', Ranulfo de lVIilla, Willelmo de Hout, "\iVillelmo Mustel, Richero de Redburn, Galfrido 72

l\iustel, et aliis. (Circa 1205, according to Museum catalogue, but in reality earlier in date).

lllonast-icon, Vol. V.-p-628. C-1214. Ranulph III., Earl of Chester to the Abbey of Dieulacres, alias Pulton. Testibus. Domino Abbate C_estriae, Philippo de Orreby tune justiciario meo, Johanne constabulario, Rogero Senescallo, Henrico de Aldithele, ,villielmo de Venables, Ramone de Masci, Warino de Vernoun, Rogero de Meinwarin, Radulpho filio Simonis,Johanne de Ardern, Joram de Hellesby, Petro clerico domini comitis, David de Malopassu, Richardo de Kingeslee.

The date must be circa 1214 when the Abbey was removed from Pulton in Cheshire and refounded at Dieulacres in Staffordshire. Philip de Orreby was judge of Chester from c. 1209 to 1228 (Ormerod's Cheshire, Helsby's edition, 1882, Vol. 1-p-61).

B.M. Harley charter, 52-A-16. ( l'he otigi,w,l.) Carta Ranulfi_, Comitis Cestrie, e~ Lincolnie, qua quietum clamat monialibus de Grenefeld (Greenfield, co. Linc.) omnes sectas de Curia sua de Graham, de tenementis _de honore cle Graham, Scilicit in Hage tHaugh ?), Wainflede, Blesbi (Bleasby), Swabi, Thoresbi, Farford, Hosoft. Clactorpe. et (Newton) in com. Linc. Testibus. Alexandro de Poingtone, Radulpho filio Sinwnis) Eudone de Caletoft, Johanne de Atie, Alveredo de Suleny, Roberto de Campania, Gilberto Cusin, Allano filio Rengot, Symone clerico, Willelmo Cusin, et aliis. [Betw. 1216--1231, according to Museum catalogue] . Cum. Sig.

In the appendix to the 35th report on the public recorcls-p-8, is the following abstract of an original chartar in the Record Office, dated 1181-1210.

Grant in fee by Bretteya, Countess of Chester, to Ralph Carbunel of Halton, for his homage and service, of half a knight's fee which he held 73

of the said Countess, in Halton (Lincolnshire). Witnesses, Ralph son of Simon, Simon de Seis, Andrew son of William, William de Maletoft, William de Haghe, Richard de Dunington, and Richard de Harderna, Ralph Fitz Simon is also witness to a charter of Robert " dominus Moaldie et senescallus Cestrie" to St. Wer burg, which is printecl in full in the Chetham Society's Publications, Vol. 77, p-42, being tracts in the Amicia controversy ; and to a charter of Ranulph Earl of Chester, of which a fac-simile is given by Mr. Earwaker in the Chester Archae. So. 1886-1887. In Sir Peter Leycester's Historical Antiquities 1673, p-145, he gives this note taken by him from the " Couchir Book in the Dutchy Office, Tom. 2, Honor sive soca de Bolingbroke, p-111, num. 5, of lands in Lincolnshire. Gilbertus de Beningwurth, Ranulpho Comiti Cestriae et Lincolniae. His testibus. Radulpho filio Simonis, Gilberto Cusyn tune seneschallo. Gilbert de Benigwurcl was a benefa.cto:r to Kirkstead, and in the Cartulary of that Abbey, (B. M. Vespanian E-XVIlI folio 28, otherwise 49, and 29, otherwise 50), his two charters are dated 1217 in Roman numerals. This family had long held of the honour of Chester, and in 1114-1116 Walter de Benniworth appears in Lindsey, as a tenant of the Earl (Cl1ester Waters Survey of Lindsey, p-3.) Roger de Benigwurd filius Walteri is mentioned in a charter of Gregorius de Suntorp dated 1159 (Kirkstead Cartulary, p-199, remarked 109), and Roger is witness to another charter dated 1167 (p-200, remarked 109.) In 1237 the Earldom of Chester wa.s taken into his own hands by Henry the Third, and there are consequently no la.ter charters in which Ralph Fitz Simon can be traced. But I have already put in evidence that Sir Ralph Fitz Simon was Eschaetor for Lincolnshire in 1260, that Sir Simon Fitz Ralph hacl a free charter from Edward the Second in 1315 witnessed by several great nobles, that he was summoned to a great council in 1296, and that (according to Vincent), Sir Ralph Fitz Simon was a Knight of the Garter. It seems therefore, that upon the extinction of the Earls of Chester, this family in question became in high favour with the King to whom their services wero transferred. Osborn Fitz Tezzon is recorded ~n Domesday as holding several manors, which I give, having added their modern names, and references to Ormerod's Cheshire (Helsby's edition 1882.)

J 74

Domesday, Vol. l-p-268, Osbern Fitz Tezzon holds in HANLE! HANDLAY [Vol. 2-p-723.] COLBORNE GOLBORNE DAVID [Vol 2-p-726.J PONTONE POULTON LANCELYN [Vol. 2-p-440.J WENITONE WINNINGTON [Vol. 2-p-199.J LIME LYMME [Vol. l-p-577 .] WARBURGETUNE WARBURTON [Vol. l-p-566.-J DUNTUNE DUTTON [Vol. 1-p-642.J EPLETUNE APPLETON [Vol. 1-p-615.] GROPENHALE GRAPPENHALL [Vol. 1-p-595 Domesday, Vol, 1-p-268, B. Osbern Fitz Tezzon holds in DODES'fUNE = [Vol. 2-p-844.]

Also (same page) part of Edritone, and (p-268) part of Gresford.

Dmlleston was the principal seat of the Boydells, and was held by Helton de Boidel in the reign of Henry the Second, as appears from the Cartulary of St. Wer burg. vVilliam Boydell was lord of Handley in 1207. Golborne David was held by the Boydells, Poulton Lancelyn by the Lancelyns under the Boydells. William de Boidell is found at lVinnington in the reign of John. Lymme came to Sir Geoffrey Dutton by grant from John cle Boidel de Lima (Ormerod, Vol. 1 --p-579.) The Fitz Tezzon moiety of lVarburton was given before 1211 to Adam de Dutton by Hugh de Boidele. At Dutton Sir William Boyde! held property in 1341, and of ·Appleton and Gropenhale the Boidels were lords in the time of Henry the Second, and of Richard Coeur de Lion.

It is sufficiently evident that the Boidels succeeded to the property of Osbcrn Fitz Tezzon, and historians of Cheshire assert that they were descended fro1n :Hugh Fitz Osbern, son of Osbern Fitz Tezzon, and have confused Hugh son of Helton de Boidel, with Hugh Fitz Osbern. There is, however, no evidence whatever, good or bad, as to the parentage of this Helton, and he is the earliest of the name who can be found. They assert that Simon Fitz Osbert who granted Legh near Barterton, to Dutton, was an ancestor: I have already 75 shown that this is pure assumption. Again Leycester, Ormerod, and Helsby, in speaking of Seward (de Lancelyn's) grant in 1093 of the chapel and tithes of Bebington, and the tithes of Bromhale, Walei, Maynes, Weston, and Willne, to St. Werburg, remark that Hugo Fitz Osbern who witnessed it was the superior lord of Seward. The Lancelyns descended from Seward were afterwards tenants of the Boidel8, and this is another attempt to discover a Hugh Fitz Osbern (son of Osbern Fitz Tezzon) as ancestor of the Boidels. But again it arises out of a blunder; for not only is there no ·evidence to support the assertion that Hugh Fitz Osbern was Seward's overlord, but this is obviously Hugh Fitz Osbern of Domesday, who was not a son of Osbern Fitz Tezzon, and there exist several other charters of tenants of other lords witnessed by him as being signed in the presence of the Earl of Chester when he was with him.

With Helton de Boidel we must, therefore, begin. He appears in the cartulary of St. Werburgh as giving a pension of two shillings, afterwards increased to ten, from the church of Hanley. (Harl MSS., 1965, p-4.) On page 6, remarked 7, we have a charter by which he and Iclonea his wife gave the church of Hanley, ancl this gift is confirmed by Alan de Boidel, ancl by William, Al~n's brother. Alan de Boidel also gave the church of Dodleston, (p-8-renumbered-9-B, ·i.e. back of page 9, at bottom.) 'fhe fact that Alan and William were sons of Helton is proved by a charter quoted by Ormerod (Vol. 2-p-845) by which William Boidele gave to Thomas Fitz William the la.nd Thomas hE~d held from Helton de Boidele, Vlilliam's father, and Hugh his brother. William de Boidel died in the reign of John, and Hugh his eldest brother temp. Ric. I., so that Helton the father must be referred to the times of Ilenry the Second and possibly also of Stephen.

Hugo de Boidele to Robert Lancelyn the land which Ricl1ard Lancelyn his father held of my ancestors, viz., Pulton and Bebington, Apilton and Hull, for ·the service of two knights to do service for forty days at Dodleston, and for sending every third year four men to repair the earthworks at Dodleston. Testibus. Radulpho de Mainwaring, Radulpho de Montealto, Willielmo Patric, Thoma fil Willielmi, Roberto de Pulford, Herberto fratre ejus. 76

This charter is given by Randle Holme in Harleian MSS. 2022-p-13, numbered in pencil, and is printed in Ormerod's Cheshire, Vol. 2-p-440, and Vol. 1-p-615. · Poulton and Appleton were held by Osbern Fitz Tezzon in 1086 ; Bebing­ ton, close to Poulton, was held of the manor of Dodleston. I have not been content with tracing the Boidels in Cheshire; but relying on my theory that Osbern, the Earl of Chester's domesday tenant at Stainton and Newbold, is identical with Osbern FitzTezzon, the ancestor of this fa.mily,I have turned to Lincolnshire also.

Testa cle NeviU.-p-332. (Lincolnshire). De Idonea de Boydele VI libras de tribus feodis que tenet de eodem. Et idem Comes de domino Rege in capite in Neubel et Maydenwell. Wraghou Wapentake-p-338. Comes Cestrie tenuit in capite de domino Rege V carucatas in Noubell et Stainton. Et illas dedit Holconi de Boydill pro servicio II tnilitnm heredes Holconis eas tenent. Et predictus Comes (Ricard us) tenuit in Maidenwell in ca,pite de domino Rege II carucatas. Et idem Comes illas dedit antecessoribus .A.lani ae Boydill sed nescimus per quod servicium. Et heredes Alani ad.hue illas tenent. In these three entries from the Testa for Lincolnshire we have a good example both of the difference in dates between the surveys there collected, and of the not unfrequent mistakes as to the particular ancestor to whom a grant had been made. It is evident that the first of these three entries is the earliest, as the holder is Idonea, who, as I shall show in a few lines, was the wife of Helton de Boidel and mother of Alan. It seems from this first entry that Idonea was an heiress, for whether wife or widow she would probably not otherwise be in possession of the fees. Aud it will have been noticed that while the Pulfords, who succeeded Hugh Fitz Osbern, took their name from one of his manors, the Boidels derived theirs from an unknown place which cannot be 77 found among the possessions of Osbern Fitz Tezzon. In the first entry, three fees in Neubel and Maidenwell are mentioned, in the second, two fees in N oubell and Stainton, in the third two carucates in Maidenwell. It is obvious that the second and third entries are the sum of· the first. There was then at the later date some confusion as to the services rendered, and this confusion is mirrored in the account given of the origin of title. In the second entry, the two fees in Noubell anq. Stainton are said to have been given by the Earl of Chester to Holco de Boidell ; in the third, the one fee in Maydenwell is referred to a, grant by Richard Earl of Chester (who was drowned in 1119) to the ancestors of Alan. Either then the two fees and the one were given at different times, (and this is rendered unlikely by the · first entry which treats them as one property), or else there is a, contradiction between the entries. In. any case there is an anachronism ; I?ecause, as I have already shown, Holco, (the same name as Helton), de Boidele was of the reign of Henry the Second, and could not therefore be the recipient of a grant froip Richard, Earl of Chester, before 1119. It is not worth while to assume, for the purpose of explaining this away, that there was an earlier Helco de Boydell, especially in view of the fact that no Helco but a Hugh is the tenant of Richard, Earl of Chester, at Newbold, in 1114-1116. (Chester Wate~s Survey ofLindsey-p-35). It is better to acknowledge that here, a.s frequently elsewhere in the Testa., the jurors had inaccurate information as to long past events. Eyton has pointed out a similar anachronism which occurs on the same page (338) as the second entry. It is there asserted that Reginald de Crevequer gave two carucates in Snelleslund, Suntorp, and Reresby to Osbert the sheriff, and yet it can easily be proved that Osbert the sheriff died long before the time of Re~nald, and that, if the grant was made to Osbert, it must have been from Joceline Fitz Lambert or Gilbert Fitz Joceline, the predecessors of Reginald de Crevequer (Addit. MSS. (Eyton) 31930-p-60; renumbered-62).

In the British Museum are several original charters which relate to the property of the Boidels at Newbolt and Maydenewelle in Lincolnshire. 78

B.M. Ha;·ley charter, 54-A-45, Omnibus Christi fldelibus Ydonea de Neubela Salutem. Sciatis me in libera viduitate mea concessisse deo et beate Marie et Sanctimonialibus de Barlinge de jure patrimonii mei et de hereditate mea duas perticatas terre in latitudine ad perficiendnm fossatum suum qnas dominus mous Helte de Boidele et ego dedimus eis, &c. pro salute mea et omnium heredum et filiornm meorum et pro animabus patris et matris mee et domini mei Helte de Boidele et omnium parentum et antecessorum meorum. His Testibus, Alexandro Archidiacono, Magistro Willelmo del l\funz, Ricardo de Kima, Waltero Blunde, canonicis ecclesie beate Marie Lincolnie, Henrico et Hugone capellanis predicte Ydonie, Symone de Kima, Philippa filio ejus, Ranulfo filio Simonis, Roberto de Trehant, Ranulfo de Milla, Willelmo Mustel, Richero de Redburn, Galfrido de Mustel. Seal, an Agnus Dei. Legend " Sigillum Hi

Willelmi et liberam viam eundi et redeundi pa~Hice ab abbatia usque ad aquam de Barlingis et de aqua ad abbatiam cum quadriga et equo et pe

et trahendum et duas acras prati in Miclehale propinquiores prato

Simonis de l{yma quas scilicet Alanus Boyde! eis dedit in perpetuam elemosinam. I-Iec omnia praedicta dedi concessi et hac carta. mea

confirmavi praedictis monialibus clericis laicis ibidem deo servientibus. Hano donationem in perpetuam elemosinam ratam do et concedo liberam et quietam ab omni seculari servicio sicut carte praedictorum donatorum quas inde habent testantur et ab omni consuetudine geldo et denegello

vel auxilio. Et bee sit pro animabus patris mei et matris mee et antecessorum meorum et mea.

Riis testibus, Simone de Kyma, Waltero Dayville. Philippo de l{yma, Roberto de Amundeville et ceteris.

By Harley charter, 47-A~7, which is considerably later in date, John de Boydele gave to Barlings his wood of 1\'Iaydenewelle "pro salute anime mee et pro anima, Laurete uxoris mee." The seal to this shows a double or voided cross or saltire (the :figure is irregular) upon a shield.

The first quoted of these charters completely destroys and makes a, final end of the Boidel pedigree as given by Cheshire geneal_ogists. Ydonea's use of the expression " patrimonium meum et hereditas n1ea," and the precedence which slie gives to her own ancestors, and her own heirs, before the ancestors and heirs of her husband, prove beyond c.l.oubt, what the quotation from the Testa de Nevill already led us to surmise, that she was the inheritrix of the three fees in Newbold and Maydenwell, and therefore heiress to the property of Osbern Fitz Tezzon. 80·

0SBERN FITZ TEZZON, = in 1086 held many manors in Cheshire, and Stainton, Welle and Newbold, co. Lincoln, of the Earl of Chester, (p. 57). Gave the tithes of Newbold to the Abbey of St. Evroul before 1181 (p. 57).

HuoH,-1114-1116, = WILLIAM, brother of held 2 caruc. 2 bovats m Newbold Hugh Fitz Osbem, witness to a. (p. 58). Probably identical with charter ofRicha.rd,Ea.rl of Chester :B:ugh Fitz Osbern, of Cheshire, a. (p. 60). benefactor to St. Werburg soon after 1119 (p. 60). Probably identical also with the ancestor of Alan de Boydell to whom Earl Richard granted 2 car. 1n May­ denwell, which were a.tta.ched to the manor of Newbold (p. 76).

IooNEA, inherited = HELTON (Hente or Holeo) DE the 3 fees in Newbolt and May- BoIDEL, joined 1n his wife's gifts denwell (p. 76). Gave la.nds in (p. 75), a,nd predeceased her (p. 78) Newbolt to Bullington (p. 78). Gave the Church of Hanley in Cheshire to St. "\Verburg (p. 75). -j HuoH DE BmDEL, DE ALAN DE BomEL gave the WILLIAM DE BoIDEL had BosDELE, or DE Bosco ALE, church of Dodleston, a,nd Dodleston by gift of his t. Ric. I., confirmed Pulton, confirmed that of Hanley to brother ; confirmed the Bebina!ton, Apilton, and St. W erburg (p. 75). Gave the church of Hanley to St. Hull, to Robert La.ncelyn ma.nor of Dodleston to his Warburg (J>, 75) ; ga.ve to for 2 Knights fees (p. 75). brother William de Boidel, Thomas Fitz William the probably in the reign of John lands which Thomas held (Chetha.m Society, Vol. 77- from Belton de Boidel, P· 42). William's father, or from Hugh, Willia.m's brother (p. 75); died in the reign Qf John. · 81

HugkFitz Osbern is recorded in 1086 as holding (Domesday, Vol. l~p-266B. Ormerod, Vol. 1-p-LIII) in BRUGE _,~···HANDBRIDGE [Vol. 1-p-372-Chester hun- dred.] CALDECOTE CALDECOTE [Vol. 2-p-690-Dudestan, now Broxton hundred.] FULFORD PULFORD [Vol. 2-p-854-Dudestan, now Broxton.] WARHELLE WARDLE [Vol. 2-p-286-Hisetone, now Edesbury.] BOSELEGA BOSLEY [Vol.3-p-736-Hamestau hundred.] l\'IERETON MARTON [Vol.3-p-724-Hamestan hundred.] CERDINGHAM KERMINGHAM. [Vol.3-p-77-part Hamestan, part Milclestric.] SU~IREFORD Not identified-l\1ilclestric, now Northwich hundred

But of these the four last are said to have been really of Hugo de Mara's holding, and to have been acciclentally misplaced in Domesday. (Ormerod, Vol. 3-p-77,) Tho references which I have given are to Ormerod's. Cheshire, Helsby's edition, 1882. In a later 1,art (Domesclay, Vol. l-p-266-B) Hugh Fitz Osbern is described as holding i11

ALENrroNE ALLINGTON All in Exestan hundred, but EITUNE EYTON l J now in Co. Denbigh. SUTONE SU'rTON Domesclay, Vol. 1....:_p-268. .,GRETFORD = GRESFORD In Exostan, but no,v iu Co . } Denbigh. And in (Domesday, Vol. l-p-268-B.) BROCHETON BROUGHTON

CLAVINTON - CLAVERTON In Atiscros hundrca. EDRITONE

K 82 and ouo saltwork in Northwich belonging to tho 1nanor of Claverton, together with certain houses in Chostcr. In Grotford and Eclritono IIugh Fitz Osborn and Osborn Fitz Tezzon had both an interest, and their castles at Pulford and Dodleston were but two miles apart. By tho statute 33 licnry VIII-(Orinerod-vol l-p-397) the hundred of Exostan was turned out of Cheshire into Flintshire. Part of Aticros undorwout tho sa1ne... fate and that which remained in Cbm,hire was joined to Broxton.

llandbriuge is now a suburb of Clwr:;tcr anu I have been unable to traco its possessors, Lut Claroton which innucuiatcly adjoins it, u-nd was part of tho manor of IIandbridge (Ormerod, Vol. 2-11-821), was inherited by tho Pulfords. Caldocote soon after 1086 1>assed to the barons of 1\1:alpas; Pulfonl was hold by tho Pulfords under the Ormesbys; Warule in part was granted at somo very early poriod to tho hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem. Bosley, Marton, l{eriningham, Sumreford, were of I-Iugh de Mara's, not Ilugh :Fitz Osborn's, holding. Eyton, Sutton, and Orcsfortl, having been turned into ,vales out of Cheshire, I have been unablo to traco their history. Tho Pulfords were possessed of a n1anor in Clareton in tho thirteenth century, and iu 1362 the Inquisitio llost n1ortem of John Pulfon1 shows that he held a place called Clareton (Ormerod-vol 2-p-821.)

It thus appears that in I'ulfor<.1 (the ca.put of liugh Fitz Osbern's holding according to tho historia11s of Cheshire), and in Clareton, the Pulfor

Orn1crod assorts (vol 2-p-804) that I-Iorbc1·t de Orreby with tho consent of his wife, Beatrice, gavo lands in Fulko Stapleford tomp. Ric. 1. to Richard de 83

Oirreby and Sybil his wifo. Ho also asserts that about the same time Richard son of Richard de Pulford, and Sybil his wife, had another grant of lands thoro in franc 111arriago fro:n: Honry son of Serlo (do Stapulford), and promptly identifies Richard de Orreby anc1 Richard de Pulford. Ho shows a few linoA further on that Sybil de Pulford was living, a widow, in 1261, whioh, if his first date be correct, would be at least sixty-two years after her first appearance. Herbert de Orreby is however not an unknown person upon whom any one can be fathered by a careless genealogist : he founded the priory of I-Iagneby in 1175, and died in 1194, his wife Agnes surviving till 1215 (Mon. Vol. 6-p-875). As Herbert Fitz Aelard he appears in the feodary of 1166 (Libor Niger-p-277, 271, 269.) Eyton has worked out the pedigree of Orreby in Addit. MSS. 31,930-p-118, otherwise 120. Thero is reason then for the strongest distrust of Ormerod and I-Ielsby's affiliation of Robert de Pulfort. Whether Ormerod was right or wrong is a matter of no consequence to my argument, but certainly reasons of tenure and of heraldry rencler it mo1·e probable that the Pnlfords were either of a younger branch of the family of their Ruperior lord, Ralph Fitz Sirnon, or were allied to tho Alfords of Alford •

. However that may be, the later pedigree of the Pulfords is clear enough (Ormerod's Cheshire, Helsby's Edition, 1882, Vol. 2-p-857), and it will not be denied that Robert de Pulford was head of that family in 1244, and was followed by Hugh do Pulford in tho time of Edward tho First, and by John de Pulford in the reign of Edward the Third. llaving callecl the readers attention to these three individuals, I will now put the keystone to my whole argument.

Starting from tho pedigroo given in the case of 1194, I have collected original ovi<.loncos, which prove that tho Ormosbys of South Ormosby were the clcscendants, an

Blundus, held of old feoffment, I have found persons of the same name and pro­ bable date as the descendants of Hugo Blunclus, and have therefore reason for concluding this to have been the" alia hereditas" which we are told descended from Hugo Blundus to his eldest son.

I have found Richard de Ormesby (whose name is derived from a manor of which the Earl of Chester was overlord), surrounded by men of Cheshire origin or connection; six times in the company of Philip. de Kime or of his sons, four times with Walter de Alford, ,vho sprang from Aldford in Cheshire, three times with Roger de Benigwurd a tenant of the Earl of Chester, twice with William Bacun, once with R.anulf and Philip de Praeriis. I have found Ralph Fitz Simon not only a tenant in Lincolnshire of the Earl of Chester, but a constant witness to the Cheshire charters ,of his feudal lord. I have been able to give absolute proof that Osbern, Hugh Lupus' Domesday tenant in Lincolnshire is the same person as Osbern Fitz Tezzon, his Cheshire tenant, and have drawn from this a probability that Hugh, the Earl's tenant in 1086 at Ormesby, co. Linc .. coln (and predecessor there of Ralph Fitz Simon) is identical with Hugh Fitz Osbern, the tenant in Cheslrire.

Following this clue into Cheshire, I have proved that Hugh Fitz Osbern, a great tenant in the Palatinate in 1086, was succeeded, as a witness to the charters of the Earls, by an Osberri Fitz Hugh, a Simon Fitz Osbern, and a Ralph Fitz Simon his son, who correspond in name and date with Hugo Blundus and his descendants, as given in the suit of 1194. The connection between these individuals is suggested both by the fact that all four were either benefactors to St. Werburg, or else witnesses to the Ea:rl's benefactions to that Abbey, and by the appearance of all their names in th~ charters of the Earls, contiguous to those of the representatives of the three or four greatest Cheshire families. If evidence is required that the Cheshire Simon Fitz Osbert and Ralvh his son are identical with those of Lincolnshire, we have it in the appearance of both of them ~ as witnesses to the Earl of Chester's charter to Spalding, Co. Lincoln, and of Ralph .Fitz Simon as witness to the Cheshire Ydonia de Boidel's charter to Bulington co. Lincoln, to Ranulf Earl of Chester's charter to Greenfield, co. Lincoln, and to Bretteya Countess of Chester's g1·ant of the manor of Halton, co. Lincoln. Both Simon and bis son are frequently found together with the De Kimes, Richard de Ormesby's constant companions, and landowners in Reresby (a place from which Isorius the plaintiff in 1194 subsequently assumed a surname), and with the de Boidels, who held estates in both countries. I have thus been led to the conclusion that Ralph Fitz Simon of 1194 is the same person as the earlier Ralph Fitz Simon of Cheshire, and is the successor of the Cheshire witnesses Simon Fitz Osbert, Osbern Fitz Hugh, and Hugh Fitz Osbern. I have been able to prove that Ralph Fitz Simon of Cheshire was a son of Simon Fitz Osbert. I do not claim that the appearance of Osbern Fitz Hugh, a generation earlier than Simo~ Fitz Osbern, and a generation later than Hugh Fitz Osbern of Domesday, proves that he was father of the one, and son of the other; though certainly it cannot be denied that Simon Fitz Osbern was a tenant of the Earls, and that his father's name was Osbern, and if this be conceded, no other Osbern can be found amongst those tenants at the appropriate period. It is my endeavour to identify these Cheshire witnesses, Hugh l''itz Osbern and Osbern Fitz Hugh, individually with tl1e ancestors of Simon Fitz Osbert, whose ·relationship one to another is legally proved by the 1194 suit, and to make this identification irresistable by proving that the Lincolnshire family succeeded to the overlordship of the Cheshire estates. I have traced the manors in Cheshire which Hugh Fitz Osbern held in 1086, and have found that the chief of these were l1eld, ·in the reign of Henry the Second or of Richard the First, and subsequently by the Pulfol'ds. I shall now prove that the Pulfords held them under the Ormesbies, .that is to say under the heirs of Hugo Blundus, and having done so, I submit that we have here not only overwhelming probabilities, but absolute proof that Hugo Fitz Osbern of Cheshire, Hugo Blundus, an(lliugo, the Domesday tenant in Ormesby, are one and the same person. For having before proved that Ralph Fitz Simon was the heir of Hugo Blundus, and was in possession of the property held by Hugo, the Earl of Chester's Lincolnshire tenant in 1C86, I now prove him in possession, as overlord, of the property held by Huge Fitz Osbern, the Earl's Cheshire tenant. · B.IJ,f. Harleian, M SS. 2079-p-14. Taken by Randle Holmjrorn lrfr. Vernon's evidences in 1636. Ego Radulphus filius Simonis de Ormesby dedi Roberto de Pulford· pro 86

homagio et servitio suo castellum meum in Pulford et totam terram meam infra villam de Poulford et extra villa.m, &c. Carta facta tempore Domini Johannis Extranei justicia.rii Cestrie, fuit · justiciarius, 24 H. 3. Ormerod's Ohesliire, ( Helsby's Edition, 1882), Vol. 2-p-854. " The estates of the Ormesbees and Pulfords were united by a grant from Ralph son of Simon de .Ormes bee, in the time of John le Strange, just. Oest. (28 and 29, Hen. III), to Robert de Pulford, of the Castle of Pulford, and all his lands within and without the vill of Pulford for his homage and service.'' This charter is enrolled in the'' Cheshire Domesday,'' Grosvenor MSS. XX.I-5-p-102. Oalendar. Geneal, Vol, 1~-416. 18 Ed. I. (1290.) Hugo de Pulford, defunctus. De inquirendo utrum tennit de Simone filio Radulphi de Ormesby, &c. Pr~eaictus Hugo die quo obiit tenuit manerium de Pulford, exceptis dua,bas bovatis terrae, et manerium de Claverton, &c. de Simone filio Radulphi de Ormesby immediate, etc. Ormerod', Oheshi-re ( Helsby's edition, 1882, Vol. 2-p-855), Inq. p. m. l36 not] 35 Ed. III. (1363). John (son of Robert) de Pulford beld in demesne as of fee, the manor of Pulford, and a place of land called Clareton, from Ralpl1, son of Simond Ch' vr, in capite, by the render of one lance, or two shillings per annum. This last paragraph throws some light on Vincent's statement that Ralph Fitz Simon was a Knight of the Garter. Our difficulty in accepting it (p-43) lay in the fact that the Sir Ralph to whom he refers died before 1327, while the order was only founded in 1350. Here, howe-ver, we have direct evidence that a Sir Ralph Fitz Simon de Ormesby was living in 1363, and we have therefore a good reason for believing that Vincent attributed to the wrong person an honour which was really gained by a grandson of the same name. 87

THE LORDS OF PULFORD-

[Sable, a cross patonce, argent.]

OsBERN = pied before 1086.

HUGH FITZ OsBERN, = lord of Pulford, called 'Blundus ' or 'The F air. ' ; ' had many manors in Cheshire, and Kettlesby and Ormesby, Co. Lincoln, 1086 (p. 57.) Enfeoffed by Darcy in the two fees in Marton, Reres­ by, etc., after 1086 (p. 53.) Witnessed a charter of Earl Hugh in 1086 (p. 59,) and charters of Will. Malbanc, Rob. Fitz Hugh, and Seward.

OsBBRN FITZ l:IUGH, = SIMON, - RICllARDDE ORMESBY = MATILDA. lord of Pulford, called survived his father, alias de Ma.rton, living held the sixth ' Meschines,' or I The who had given him . t. Hen. II. Party to of a fee in Younger.' A witness seven bovats in Mar­ snit, 1194 (p. 1.) Held Oxecumbe of to Richard Earl of ton, Co. Lincoln, for half e, fee at Ma.rton, Earl . Feners, Chester's charter to his homage and ser­ of Darcy, a.nd seven and claimed the St. ,verburg, in 1119, -vice. Did homage for bova.ts of Ralph Fitz advowson of and to Earl Rannlph's that land, fl.rst, to Simon. Died before the church charter, c.1124(p. 60,61) Hugh his father, then 1219 (p. 26, 27) .. buried there · (p. 26) ; to Osbert bis brother in Kirkstead 1bbey. buried in Kirk• (p.1.) . stead. Abbey. I BEATRICE DE MARTON, Sm -SIMON DE wife of Nicholas de MARTON, O. s. P• Aencurt, brother of (p. 24, 27.) John deAencurt, o.s.p (p. 24, 25). A 88

I

Huon FITZ OsBERN, ALEXANDER 1 = JULIANA DE SIMON FITZ OBBERN, = lord of Pulford, sur­ took revenue from the RERESBY (p. lord of Pulford, a wit­ vived his father, la.nd at Marton, temp. 6, 7). ness to the Treaty of ob. s. p. (p. 1). lifn. II., died before Devizes, 1153 (p. 64); 11S4 (p. 1). to the foundation of the Priory of Trent­ ham (p. 62); to Hugh, Earl of Chester's char­ ISORIUS FITZ ALEXANDER, snr- = AMICIA, eldest d. and ters to Bolington &nd named de Reresby, party to suit, cob. of John Dein- Spalding • (p. 65, 68). 1194 (p. 1.) A juror in the Testa de court, and cob. to her \Vitnessed Ranulph, Nevill for the Wapenta,lre of \Vraghou grandfather, Serlo de Earl of Chester's char­ (p. 13.) Helcl lands in Reresby, Plesley, lord of Ples- ter -to St. Werburg, Steynton, Snellislund, Snntorp, and ley and Ashover, co. andgavetothatAbbey Hyngham, co. Linc. (p. 18.) Lord of Derby, the church of St. Peter Plesley, co. Derby, in right of bis in Chester (p, 63, 64 ), wife. Died before 1248. Ga.ve the town of Legh to Hugh Dutton (p. 65). In 1166 held 2 Knights fees in Lincolnshire, ' de vet,' of Darcy (58).

RALPH DE RERESBY, lord of Plesley. = MARGERY, sister and RALPH FITZ SIMON, = Exchanged the manor of Plesley fo1· heir to Sir Adam de lord of Pulford, living the manor of Ashover with his cousin N ormanville, lord of c. 1180-1230, witness Sir Robert de Willoughby. Coroner Thribergh, etc., co. to the foundation of for~ otts.. a.nd Derby 1269. ·Ga. ve his York, and .Stainton in the Abbey of Dieu­ Lincolnshire . estate · to· Earlings co. Lincoln. lacres, and to many '(p.14.) Died c.1275, when his goods other of Ranulph Earl were seized by the King. of Chester's charters (p; 69, 73.) Summoned as a. witness in 1194 (p. 1.) At law with Darcy in 1199 and 1209 concerning the church I - of Ormesby (p. 28, 29.) SIR ADAM DE RERESBY, lord of = THETHEGNE, an Held c. 1213 2 Knights Thribergh and Ashover; ca.ptured at heiress (arg., three fees in Ormesby, etc. Boroughbridge; a. benefactor to bendlets, gules). of Chester, and 2 in Beauchief. Marton, Reresby, etc., of Darcy (p. 32.) I V V The Reresbios, lords The Ormesbys lords of of Thribergh and Ormesby and Pulford Ashover. (p. 52.) 89

Heraldic evidence is strong in the same direction. The descendants of both Hugh Fitz Osbern and Osbern Fitz Tezzdn of 1086, (who, it has always been believed, were of the same stock), bore a cross patonce as an armorial bearing, but with distinguishing tinctures. This may be taken as evidence that, at the period when heraldry first became an exact science, (the middle of the thirteenth century,) the heralds believed these two families to have been descended from a common ancestor. The Boydells of Dodleston, who succeeded Osbern Fitz Tezzon, gave" vert, a cross patonce or," for their arms; the Boydells of Pulcroft, " vert, a oliev·ron between three crosses pcttonce, or." A cross patonce appears µpon the tomb of William de Boydell who died in 1372 (Ormerod, Helsby's edition, 1882, Vol. 1, p-599), and Sir William De Boydell, living 1334, sealed with a cross fusil, or cleche, between four mullets (Ormerod's Cheshire, Vol. 1, p-597.) I will now turn to the descendants of Hugh Fitz Osbern. The Pulfords gave for their arms "sable, a cross paton.ae, argent," and the younger· branch now represented by the Duke of Westminster bore "quarterly, argent and sable, a cross patonce counterchangecl." 'fhe Reresbies took the cross patonce of Hugh Fitz Osbern, and preserving the tinctures, argent and sable, placed the coat in a bend, a not unusual form of differencing. It is blazoned, " gules upon a bend argent, three crosses paton.ee, sable." These arms were certainly borne by Sir Adam Reresby, grandson of Isorius, the plaintiff of 1194, and by his descendants, but as Sir Adam was a younger son, it is certain that a simpler coat, and one nearer to the original "sable, a cross patonce, argent," must have been borne by his father and grandfather. I have already shown (p. 41) that Robert de Ormesby sealed in 1359 with a cross patonce between four chessrooks. Here no doubt the cross patonce is the more important, and therefore the earlier :figure. In a roll of arms of C. 1277-1287 (Harleian MSS. 6137 and 6587) Simon le Fitz Simon appears bearing "gules three chessrooks ermine" (see Papworth's ordinary of British armorials). This person may well be the same as Simon' nepos' de Ormesby, who occurs in many charters of this period (p-49_ of this book). In Harleian MSS. 980, p-95, may be found a ridiculous legend," ex relatione Thomae Roper de Osney," concerning a game of chess played between the ancestor of Ormesby and William the Conqueror. Gerard Legh in his .Accedens of Armory (1576-page-82), tells

L 90 us that " This pastime did that valiaunt prince King William the Conquerour so muche nse, that some time he lost whole lotdshippcs thereat. As in Lincolnshiere, and elswhere, I thinke the auncient evidences thereof can declare." I incline, however, to account for the rooks or chess-castles, not by a game of chess with ,vnliam the Conqueror, but by a play upon the name of Chester, upon whose Earls the ancestors of Ormesby were in feudal dependence, and by the fact that the Lincolnshire tenants of the Earls held their manors by the service of Castle ward at Chester. In Earl Ranulpll's confirmation to his barons,-C. 1218, of their privileges, occur the following words-" Et si milites mei de Anglia summoniti fuerint, qui mihi wardam apud Cestriam debent."-­ By this service the manors of Ormesby and Kettlesby must have been held.

The Ormcsbies were capricious in their heral<-lry, and in addition to tho cross patonce and chessrooks, occasionally used another coat. Ralph Fitz Simon de Ormesby, living 1276, sealecl with a lion rampant npon a shielcl (p-40), and his grandson, according to Vincent (p-40), bore a lion ran1pant ermine. In N. H. Nicholas' "Roll of'Arms of the reign of Edwarcl the Second," p-58, ,vc have tJ1e following-" Sire Rauf F'iz Simon de .Azure, tt un lfon rrWIJJ

Exact parallels to these changes can be fouml in the 1ieraldry of the other great Cheshire houses. The descendants of Nigel, baron of Halton, assumed the three garbs of Ranulph Blundeville, and also his bearing of a lion; the barons of Montalt bore a lion; the De Mascys a lion 11assant. The Vernons abandoned their ancient coat in fav~ur of the three garbs. The barons of Stockport powdered the field of their arms with cross crosslets, and the barons of l\lalpas bore a cross patonce. The chessrook a1,1)eared in the arms of more than one Cheshire family.

I find a difficulty in dealing with the heraldry of tlie later families of Ormesby. Though their pedigree has never been put upon record up to the thirteenth century, it has been generally assumed by genealogists (who were ignorant of the existence of this other family), that they ,vcre descended from the Ormesbys of North Orn1esby, and from Gilbert tho founcler of the Priory. This ascription I venture to doubt. The Ormesbys of South Ormesby were very much the more important family, and their representative appears in the Testa de Nevill as holding four .knights fees, while Henry de Ormesby, of North Ormesby held only a sixteenth of a fee (p-36 of this book.) I have reason to 91 believe that, though the main line of Ormesby of South Ormesby terminated in an heiress, descendants of some younger branch yet continued to hold lands in the neighbourhood. The later coats for Ormesby ran in two moulds, "sable, tliree cliessrooks or, a cltiej of the last," and "tt bentl bet,uen six cross crosslets fitehee." Both these coats were intended for Ormesby, one being Ormesby modem, and the other Ormesby ancient, and they are founded, one upon the chess castles of Ormesby, of South Ormesby, the other upon the crosses of Hugh Fitz Osbern's descendants, as borne by the Reresbies, the Pulfords, and by Robert de Ormesby of 1359. I do not attach much importance in this case to the difference between crosses patonce and crosses crosslet, for on the tombs and seals of the Boydells and Pulfords, the cross assumed various shapes, and even in the Reresby arms has occasionally been described as crosslet. The earliest example of " Ancient Ormes by" is to be found in N. H. Nicholas' "Roll of Arms, temp. Ed. III." 'rhere we have the following statement "llfonsite de Otmeaby gules, une bt!Jlll entre croisele hoto1te:1 argent, une mollet sable en fo point de la, bend." It is more probable that this lionsire de Ormesby belonged to the more important and influential family of Ormesby of South Ormesby, and certainly the distinction between crosses botonnes and patonce is of the slightest. This is evidently an earlier form of the modern Ormesby coat, and we leam from it that the crosses were not originally crosslet. To sum up my evidence from heraldry, the bearings of Reresby, Ormesby, and Pulford, indicate that they ,vere of the sa1ne stock, and that the arms originally borne by the descendants of Hugh Fitz Osbern of 1086 were "saUe, a cross patonce, ttl'!}tmt." This coat ,vas assumed without difference by the Pulfords, a younger branch, but not unt~l Ralph Fitz Simon, tho heacl of the family, had granted to them Pulford Castle, Hugh's chief possession, and had abandoned his paternal arms, and assumed a new bearing. Sir Adam de Reresby, as a younger son, bore a differenced coat, and his descenda-nts, even after the extinction of the issue of his elder brother or brothers, never reverted to the 01·iginal figure. APPENDIX. PAGE 1.-THE SUIT OF 1194. The full Latin text is as follows:

CORAM REGE RoLL, N° 2, of Richard I. (AO 6), membrane 6 dorso. LTue. 17 Nov. 1194.J Lincolnia. Eodem die Martis (" Die Martis post festum sancti Martini."-Face of m. 6). [Scilicet, Dies datus est Ricardo de Ormesbi et Isore, de placito terre, in octabis sancti Hilarii, et Radulphus :filius Simonis sumone~tur quod tune sit apud Westmonasterium ut sciatur de eo cui illorum voluerit se tenere de tenemento illo.] ::: Et recordatur quod Isoreus petiit vij bovatas terre in Mareton versus Ricardum de Ormesbi, ut jus suum quod ei descendit de Alexandro patr, suo, et in saisinam ejus voluit probare per quemdam Ca.mpionem nomine Robertum, et Rioardus defendit jus, et saisinam patris sui, et dixit quod sunt de j. stipite, ita scilicet, quod Hugo Blundus habuit duos :filios, scilicet, Osbertum et Simonem, et dedit Simoni terram illam pro homagio, et servicio suo, et ex illo descendit huic Ricardo. Et Osbertus primogenitus habuit iij. :filios, Hugonem, et Alexandrum, et Simonem, qui aliam hereditatem Hugonis Blundi babnerunt et ex hac terra fecit Si~on pater Ricardi homagium, primo, Hugoni patri suo, et postea, Osberto fratri suo, et ipse Ricardus inde fecit Hugoni filio . Osberti homagium. De Hugone clescendit terra illa Simoni fratri suo cui ipse Ricardus similiter fecit inde homagium et adhuc est homo Radulphi fl.Iii Simonis de quo tenet terram illam. Scilicet, Ysore venit et dicit quod tenet se ad probandum jus suum, et saisinam patris sui, ita quod pater suus cepit inde expleta ad valenciam v. solidorum vel plus, ut de feodo et jure suo, tempore Regis Henrici patris, per Robertum Botolf, qui hoc offert probare versus eum ut de visu patris sui per corpus suum ut Curia consideraverit. Et Ricardus defendit jus suum et saisinam patris ipsius Ysorei, per Scilicet dies datus est eis in Octabis sancti Hilarii et &o Veniat Ysoreus cum proba sua, et Ricardus cum de:fensione sua. Scilicet alius dies fuit eis datus a die Pasche in xv. dies, ad diem illum venerunt

* Through the portion printed within brackets the scribe ha.d drawn his pen. 98

~t Rica~dus posuit ~e in Magnam Assisam ad reeognoscendum quis eorum habeat majus jus in terra illa ? dies datus est ut quatuor Milites veniant ad eligendum _xij. Milites · die Jovis post Ascensionem. Et Ricardus affidavit Isoreo pacem domini Regis de se et suis."

PAGE 6.-IsoRE DE RERESBY was also concerned in the two following suits: Feet of Fines, Lincolnshire, case 2, file 3. Hee est finalis concordia facta in Curia domini Regis a put Lincolniam in Octabis sancti Michaelis, Anno .Regni Regis Henrici filii Regis J ohannis decimo. Inter Ysoreum fi.lium Alexandri petente.m, et Symone1n filium germani tenentem de quindeoim acris terre et dimidio, et quatuor perticatis prati et uno tofto, cum pertinentibus, in Reresby, unde placitum fuit inter eos in eadem curia, scilicet, quod predictus Symon recognovit totam predictam terram pratum et toftum, cum pertinentibus, esse J us ipsius Y sorei, et pro hac recognicione fine et concordia, prodictus Ysoreus concessi't eidem Symoni totam predictam terram .pratum et toftun1, cum pertinentibus, Habenda et tenenda eidem Symoni et beredibus suis de predicto Y soreo et heredibus suis in perpetuum, Reddendo inde per annum decem et octo denarios, ad duos terminos anni, scilicet ad pascham novem denarios, ad festum sancti Michaelis novem denarios pro omni servicio et exactione, salvo foronseco servicio quantum pertinet ad unam bovatan1 terre de eodem feodo. Et si predictus Sy1non et l1eredes sui predictam terram pratum et toftum venc1ere -voluerint nemini Illam vendent nisi predicto Y soreo et heredibus suis si tantum dare voluerint quantum aliquis alius racionabiliter.

Feet of Fines, Nottinghamshire, No. 227 of Henry III., anno 20. Hee est fi.nalis concordia facta in Curia domini Regis apud Notingham in Octabis sancti Michaeli Anno Regni Regis Henrici filii Regis J ohannis vicesimo, Inter •Robertum de Wyllgeby petentem, et Ysorium filium Alexandri tenentem de septem bovatis terre, cum pertinentibus, in Essouere. Unde placitum fuit inter eos in eadem Curia, scilicet quod predictus Robertus recognovit totam predictam terram, cum pertinentibus esse jus ipsius Ysorei, et pro hao recognicione fine et concordia Idem Y soreus dedit et ooncessit predicto Roberto quatuor Bovatas terre, cum pertinentibus, de eadem terra, scilicet illas 94 quatuor bovatas terre qne jacent in obeltoft, Qnas Sarra· de Bella Aqna quondam tenuit, Habendas et tenendas eidem Roberto et heredibus suis de predicto Ysoreo et heredibus suis imperpetuum. Reddendo inde annuatim tresdecim denarios sterlingorum ad Pascham pro omni servicio et exaccione. Et preterea idem Robertus dedit predicto Ysoreo quadraginta solidos sterlingorum. Et sciendum quod Nicholaus de Essoure presens fuit in eadem curia et remisit et quietum clamavit de se et heredibus suis predicto Roberto et heredibus suis totum jus et clameum quod habuit in duabus acris terre, cum pertinentibus, quas idem Nicholaus tenuit de predictis quatuor Bovatis terre inperpetuum.

PAGE 10.-GREGORY DE SuNTOBP had at least one other daughter andco-heir,in addition to Wumarce. 'Symon filius Pagani de Horbeling,' in his charter of the year 1167, mentions Gregory de Suntorp his grandfather, and to this charter John de Wikingebi the husband of Wumarce is a witness. [Iurkstead cartulary, 199, re-marked 109 ; see also Harley charters, 51-0-15, to which a fine seal of Simon's is attached.]

PAGE 11.-GEoFFREY SON OF BERTRAM DE LUND is no dou~t the same person as the Geoffrey son of Bertram de Snelleslund whose charter is on page 112 of the Kirkstead cartulary. I was therefore mistaken in supposing him descended from Ralph de La Land, and should rather have stated that he was of a younger branch of the family of the lords of Snelleslund. Stephen de Lund, whom I suppose to have been the son of Geoffrey, was defendant in 1250 concerning land in Reresby. (See Lincolnshire fines for that year.)

PAGE 19.-'\VrLLIAM °FITZ EuDo DE RERESBY. The Museum authorities have pro­ bably misdated the charter of William Fitz Endo de Reresby. Helton de Snelleslund and William his brother, who are witnesses, were contemporary with Juliana de Reresby rather than with her son Ysore. 'Willelmus filius Eudonis' appears as a witness in an original charter of Robert Camerarius 95

(Ha.rley charter 47-1-12) which is said to be of the reign of John. I think that both charters are earlier than tl1e year 1200, and that William Fitz Eudo and Juliana de Reresby were both of the family of the lords ·of Snelleslund.

PAGE 23.-WALTERDE A:a:.FORD may have been of Alford in Lincolnshire. Eyton in his Lincolnshire collections [Addit. 31,938-p-36] gives a pedigree of the family of Benigwurd from the time 0£ the conquest.

RICHARD DE 0RMESBY was one of tl1e four knights who were sent in November 1194 to Hawisia de Kime, to ascertain, on the part of the judges of the curia Regis, the name of the person whom she hall appointed to win or lose on her behalf in a case of dower against Agnes de Amundeville. Richard however neither attended the court to declare with the others the result of their mission, nor essoined himself, ancl he was therefore bound over by pledges to attend at Westminster, there to show ca.use ,vhy he had not appeared, and to give his testimony [Rot. Cur. Reg. Vol-l-p-82 & 83] • Richard de Ormesby was witness to a charter of Philip de Kime, which occurs on p-292-b. of the second volume of the great couchir book of the duchy of Lancaster.

PAGE 27 .-Sil\ION DE ORMESBY. In the Iiirkstead cartulary [p-163] is a charter of Ralph son of ,villiam de Barkewrd, confirming his father's grant of lands in Timberlund, and to this' Symon filius Ricardi de Hormesby' is a witness.

PAGE 28.-The full text of the suit concerning the Church of Ormesby is as follows:

CORAM REGE ROLL, Richard I, N° 11, 1nen:brane 28 [Rot. Cur. Reg. vol i, p. 437.] Lincoln. [A0 1 John, 1199, 8 July.]

§ Loquendum de Radulpho filio Simonis et Alano filio Bernardi, inter quos est contencio de advocacione medietatis ecclesie de Ormesbi, quia unus eorum, scilicet Radulphus, trahit Hlam ad baroniam Comitis Cestrie, et Alanus ad baroniam Thome de Aresci. § Dies clatus est eis a die Sancti Michaelis in 1 menseni, et uterque. ha.beat tune warantum suum, si voluerit. 96

PAGE 45.-TaoMAS DE ORMESBY, There is a charter of a Thomas de Ormesby in the great couchir book of the Duchy of Lancaster, vol 2-p-479b.

PAGE 52.-RALPH FITZ SIMON. There was a Ralph Fitz Simon de Hainton living at the latter end of the twelfth century, whose pedigree I append, in order to prevent confusion. SYMON=

RALPH FITZ SIMON DE HAI:NGTON, = HAWISIA DE DIYA THOMAS gave his meadow called Appletree- (3) frater Hawisie. dale in his domain of Edlington (3) (co. Linc.) to Kirkstead (1): this gift was confirmed by William de Romara. and Earl Ranulph, c.1172- 1182 (2),

THOMAS FITZ RALPH FITZ SIMON, HUGO ROBERT SYMON released to Earl Banulph all that (2) (2) (2) he or Ralph his father had held in Edelington of the Earl. (4). (1) Kirkstea.d ca.rt. B.M. Vesp. E, XVIII-p-161 (2) p-161b. (3) p-162b, and p-162. (4) Great Couchir book of the Duchy of Lancaster-2-451, and 446. I find also a charter of Thomas son of William de Haintuu in the Kirkstea.d cartulary, [p-160 and 163] , and one of Sara,, widow of Ralph son of Richard de Haynton [p-166]. There was another Ralph Fitz Simon living in Derbyshire at the commencement of the thirteenth century, whose paternity I have failed to discover. See Thoroton's Notts, pp. 299 and 300, and Yeatman's Derbyshire, p-349.

PAGE 52.-SIRRALPHFITZ SIMON DEORMESBY,living1260. Isupposethatitisthis Sir Ralph Fitz Simon de Ormesby who was witness to a charter of John cle Hay to the Priory of :Burwell, co. Lincoln (Mon. VI-1015.)

PAGE 53.-Sni SIMON FITZ RALPH, the husband of Margaret de Rye, made a will which was proved VII-Kal. Jan. 1320 [ see Gibbon's Early Lincoln Wills].· I 97 am indebted for this information to the Rev. W. 0. Massingberd, Rector of Ormesby, who has also sent me the following extracts from the Bishop's Register at Lincoln, which prove that the last Sir Sim.on Fitz Ralph was alive as late as in 1347. Margaret, the heiress of the family, appears in local charters as Margaret Fitz Simon. BISHOP'S REGISTERS AT LINCOLN, BISHOP SUTTON'S register, 1280-1300. Lambert de :ffriskenaye presented by " Dominus Simon filius Radulphi de 1 Suthormesby ' to the mediety of the Church of Bagenderby. BISHOP DALDERBY'S register, 1301-1320. Richard de Wynceby presented by "Dominus Simon filius Radulphi" to the mediety of the Church of Bagenderby. BISHOP BURGHERSH'S register, 1320-1342. William de Somerby presented by " Shnon Fitz Ralplt de Ormesby" to the mediety of the Church of Bagenderby. BISHOP GYNWELL'S register, 1347-1363. John Fitz Alan. . • . • de Southormesby presented by " Simon Fitz Ralph" to the mediety of the Church of Bagenderby.

(In 1388 Albin us de Enderby presents to the Church of Bagenderby, the union of the moieties having been made in 1384.)

PAGE 60.-EARL RICHARD'S CHARTER is dated 'apud Graham' [Harl. 2060-1151

PAGE 62.-THE CHARTER To GEVA RIDEL is dated' apud Sainzonam,'_Qr rather ' Sanitonam ' : this is Sa.intes in Saintonge, France [Hist, Coll. Staff. III-187]

PAGE 62.-HuGH FITZ OsBERN of ·c. 1120. I have now found evidence which.- strengthens in a remarkable degree my theory that the later Hugh :Fitz Osbern was the son of Osbern Fitz Tezzon. In the copies of the cartulary of St. W erburgh is to be found the record of several gifts, which were made to the Abbey in the time of Ra~ulph Mescbines, and amongst them ;

M 98

u Swenus faber dedit una1n mansuram ante ecclesiam sancte Werburgie Hugo Filius Osberti dedit alteram juxta illam pro dimidia ,v ereburtuna." The house given by Hugh Fitz Osbern (here called Fitz Osbert) may be the same as that the gift of which was confirmed by the Earl (see p-60) but the interest of this note is in the information that it was given in exchange for a moiety of the township of ,vereburtuna. Osbern Fitz Tezzon was in posses­ sion of a manor of Warburton at the elate of the domesday survey. In 1233, in pursuance of a writ in the Palatine court, "\Villiam de Boidele, the heir of Osbern Fitz Tezzon, made warranty to Geoffrey de Dutton of a charter whereby Hugh de Boidele had granted a moiety of Warburton to Adam de Dutton.

PAGE 64.-THE GIFT OF ST. PETER'S CHURCH. In transcribing the record of this gift by Simon Fitz Osbern out of the cartulary of St. ,verburgh, one of the Randle Holmes added a marginal note " Simon was sonne to Osberne Meschino temp. H. Lup. E. Chest." [~arl. 2071-p-53J. Osborne 1\leschine was of course living in the time of Earl Richarcl and not of Hugh Lupus, but it is pleasing to me to find that my affiliation of Simon Fitz Osbern was asserted by an earlier genealogist, who had access to many early charters which have since perished.

PAGE 65.-THE CHARTER OF HUGH CYVELIOI{ was matle "apud Beltosfort" in Lincolnshire.

PAGE 69.-SIMON FITZ OSBERT was also witness to throe charters, the full text of which I give below, as I believe they have never before been printed. All three were probably executed in 1150, or a year or two afterwards (See Coll. Hist. Staff. Vol III-189). Omnibus filiis sancte matris ecclesie Hugo comes Cestrie salutem. Sciatis me concessisse et hac mea presenti carta confirmasse cleo et sanctae Marie ct monachis de sancto Laurencio in perpetuam elemosinam illam donationem quam Philippus de Kima et Matheus de Parcariis illis declorunt scilicet unam salinam cum quodam tofto eidem pertinente in territorio de W ainflet iuxta por_tum versus 99 meridiem et eisiamenta maresci ad eandem salina1n. Et liberum ingressum et egress um a salina ad grangia.m suam de seggedie per terram meam et hominum meorum. Volo ergo et precipio ut hanc Elemosinam habeant predicti Monachi bene et in pace liberam et quietam a me et heredibus meis. Et solutam ab omni terreno ~ervicio et seculari exactione sicut carte predictorum clonatorum testantur. His testibus, Simone filio Osberti, Galfrido de Costentin, Rogero de Maletost, Radulfo de Mainilwarin, Roberto de Saltstorp, Simone filio Widonis, Ricardo capellano de Hebiggebi, Herberto et Willelmo clericis comitis, a pud Graham. [Lansd. 203 f 26] ,

Harl. 294 f 248 Brit•. J.llus Chartae istae octo sequentes transcribuntur, et diversae aliae chartae et

0 scripta abbreviantur ex magno Chartaceo ·Libro MS • aevi uti ex ipsis elementis colligo Reg. R. 2 in folio; in quo ectypa ex instrumentis Architepicis et aliis scriptis Bassettos de Welledon in agro Norhantoniensi et de Draiton tangentibus in com. Stafford. exarantur, qui liber olim spectabat ad Baroncs Staffordos, et Anno Domini 1638 remanebat in redibus Arundelianis, ad occidentalem Thamisis ripam prope London sitis. Et notandum quod illa vocabula quae ibidem abbreviantur heic maximam parte1n integre exhibentur.

Ibidem, fol. 67a. Galfridus Ridel omnibus horninibus et amicis suis Francis et Anglicis tam futuris quam presentibus salutem. Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse Radulfo Basset fratri meo totam terram toftum et feodum tam in dominio qu_a1:ll in militibus quam de Roberto Legrecestrie teneo et unde homo suus sum. Tenendam sibi et heredibus suis de me et heredibus meis in feodo et hereditate. Et per idem servitium per quod eam de comite Legrecestrie teneo. Et ipse Radulfus dat michi pro hac donatione et concessu isto xx marcas argenti. Haec antem donatio et concessio in presentia Roberti 100

Comitis Legrecestrie et Roberti filii sui et concessu eorum amborum. Quare volo quod sic ipse Radulfus et heredes sui predictam terram et feodum teneant de me et heredibus libere et quiete sicut earn de Comite teneo. Testibus, ·oalfrido Labbe, I vone de Haroncurt, Simone filio Osberti, Willielmo de Charnell., Hervico Mareschallo, Radulfo de Turevilla, Radulfo de Friday, Ricardo Labbe, Galfrido filio Alegald, Olivero Sarezin, Willielmo Basset, Sansone de Sancto Quenatestona, Willielmo de Seis, Galfrido de Mendleat, Willielmo filio Ainfridi, Roberto Capellano. lbidem, fol 67a. Robertus Comes Legrecestrie omnibus hominibus et amicis suis Francis et Anglicis tam futuris quam presentibus salutem. Sciatis me concessisse et carta mea confirmasse donacionem et concessionem quam Galfridus Ridel fecit Radulfo Basset fratri suo in presentia mea et Roberti filii mei de tota terra et toto feodo tam in dominio quam in militibus quam predictus Galfridus Ridel de me tenet et unde homo meus est. Tenendum Radulfo et heredibus suis de Galfrido et heredibus ipsius in feodo et hereditate. Et per idem servicium per quod dictus Galfridus de me tenet. Et ipse Radulfus Basset coram me et Roberto filio meo dedit Galfrido fratri suo pro hac donatione et concensu isto sex marcas argenti. Hee autem douatio et concessio facta est in presencia mea et Roberti filii mei et nostro concensu. Quare volo et precipio quocl Radulfus Basset et heredes sui predictam terram et predictum feodum teneant de Galfrido Ridel et heredibus libere et quiete sicut eam Galfridus de me tenet. Testibus hiis, Galfrido Labbe, I vone de Haroncurt, Simone fi.lio Osberti, Willielmo de Charneles, Henrico Mareschallo, Radulfo de Turvilla, Radulfo Friday, Ricardo Labbe, Galfrido filio Aregald, Olivero Sarazein, ,villielmo Basset, Sansone de Sancto­ qenatestone, Willielmo de Ses, Galfrido de Medlent, Willielmo fi.lio Ainfridi, Roberto Capellano. 101

I am fortnna,te in being able to show that Simon Fitz Osbert was in posses­ sion in the reign of Henry the Second of the Domesday fief of Hugh Fitz Osbern. Robert le Boteler in that reign gave to the Abbey of Pulton a garden in Chester, at the head of the bridge, which he held of the fief of Simon Fitz Osbert. This :fief extending to the bridge cannot be other than the Pulford fief, which included part of Handbridge [p-81], and the fact strongly confirms the correctness of my theory that Simon Fitz Osbern was grandson and heir of Hugh Fitz Osbern.

Sciant omnes tam praesentes qnam futnri quod Ego Robertus Pincerna de Engelbi dedi et concessi concessn heredum meorum gardinum unum in Cestria ad caput pontis quod tenui de feudo Simonis filii Osberti Deo et Sanctae Marie ad Abbatia mea [sic] de Pulton in perpetuam elemosinam pro salute animae meae et antecessorum meoru:m. Hiis testibus Hugone de Boidele, Symone de Stanton, Roberto de Stanton &c et multis aliis. From the original charter in the possession of the Duke'of Westminster ; see also Chetham Soc. LXXXVI, and Harl. MS. 2060-p-40.

Some transcribers have misread the name into "Simonis filius Herberti," and have identified the imaginary Herbert with a'' Herbert de PuUord." Still more satisfactory and conclusive is the confirmation of the date I have ascribed to Simon Fitz Osbert's charters to Hugh de Dutton and to the Abbey of St. Werburgh. I declinecl (p-66) to be misled by Leycester Ormerod and Helsby into believing that the former charter was passed " about the time of John," and gave reason in support of my assertion tha.t it was really of the reign of Henry the Second. I have now found direct evidence out of the Annals of Chester that Simon Fitz Osbert died in 1184.

Annales Oestrienses [ Lana. & Oheslt. Record So., p-32] MCLXXXIIII [1184] Eodem anno obiit Willelmus Patrich et Simon filius Osberni et Robertus de Aldeford, cujus terraim dedit Henricus II Rex Anglie cum filia supradicti Roberti relicta non dum bima Roberto Pipard fratri Gilthleberti Pipard. 102

The monks of St. Werburgh in recording the death of their benefactor, placed his name between those of two Cheshire barons who held great fiefs in the county, ancl had died. in the same year. Evidently they considered him the equal of Robert de Akleford and William Patric.

PAGE 69.-RALPIIFITZ SIMON. Ihavenowsecured further independent evidence that Ralph Fitz Simon was son of Simon Fitz Osbert. William Dugdale on the 23 February, 1647, copied certain charters out of Sampson Erdswick's collec­ tions concerning the Vernons, and amongst them one of which the following is an abstract.

Richard de Vernon quitclaims all his possessions in Leftwich, &c. WitneAses, "Johanne constabulario, Willelmo Patricio, Willelmo de Venables et fratribus suis, Ricardo Banastre, Hugone de Boisdele, Radulfo filio Simonis filii Hosberti," and others whose names are given.

PAGE 70.-SIMON FITZ OsBERT of 1199.-This Simon Fitz Osbert of Northampton­ shire, living in 1199, is found in the great couchir book of the Duchy of Lancaster [Vol 2, under Northampton] as one of eight or ten free tenants of Stokes who, at the command of ,vnliam Briwer their lord, granted an annual rent of fifty shillings out of land in Aklrinton to a certain William de Moyum. Stokes, Sitelhangre, and Aldrintone had before this time been granted to ,vnliam Briwer. by Earl William de W arrenne, Ralph de N ormanville being a witness. [B.M. Harley charter-57-E-281 By a pure coincidence a Hugo Blundus is one of the principals with Simon Fitz Osbert.

PAGE 73.-RALPH FITZ SIMON. Ralph Fitz Simon is witness to manychartersin the great couchir book of the Duchy of Lancaster. Under the title of the "Honor de Bolingbrok '' I find him witnessing a charter from Ra.nulph Earl of Chester to Alan de Hareby, two charters of Gilbert de Beningworth to the Earl, LVol 2-243, b. bisl and a convention between the t,vo latter dated 1223 (Vol-2-p-446); a charter from Earl Ranulph to the canons of Lincoln in 103 the time of Philip de Orroby (Vol-.2-.p-483); a charter of Simon de Seis in 1224 (p-483b.); and again three charters of Gilbert de Beningworth (pp-285 bis-286 b.)

PAGE 86.-THE PULFORD FEE. In a feodary of the county of Chester, taken by Alan la Zouche in 1253, anc1 preserved in the 'Liber Rubeus' [folio 82, column 1.J the Pulford fee is referred to as follows: " Pnleford [respitum] pro 11 feoclis "

Randle Holme [in Lans. 644-p-23, b.] gives a copy of a list of tenants in chief under the Earl of Chester, amongst whom appears Simon Fitz Ralph. I have not taken any trouble to date the roll, but have convinced myself that the second Sir Simon Fitz Ralph; living in the reign of the first two Edwards, is tho person referred to. I have already (p-101) quoted from a charter of Robert Pincerna de Engelbi evidence that Simon Fitz Osbert was in possession of the Pulford fee in the reign of Henry the Second.

PAGE 86.-THE GRANT OF THE CASTLE OF PULFORD. I have now obtained evidence that the Ra.lph Fitz Simon de Ormesby who bestowed the castle of Pulford upon Robert de Pulford, is the same person as Ralph Fitz Simon de Pulford. This fact not only strengthens my proofs of his descent from the domesday lord of Pulford, but it bears out the theory that the Pulfords of Pulford were a younger branch of Ralph Fitz Simon's family.

In Harleian 1\IS. 2060-p-53, amongst others charters copied from the cartulary of Diculacres-" Ex libris Abba.tie de Dieulacres in custodia Tho. Rudyard gen. per Jo. Booth gen.

Sciant &c quod ego Radulphus filius Si1nonis concedo atque confirmo donacionem illam quam Robertus filius Ricarcli militis de Pulforcl dedit Ricardo patri sno quando intravit coenobium de Pultone ut fieret monachus. Testibus, Willelmo. Arsic, Radulpho de Crumbwell, Simone fratre ejus. Sciant &c quod ego Radulphus filius Simonis de Pulford confirmavi abbatie 104

de Pultouo donacioncm quam Ricardus de Aldford eis fecit de villa de Byveley cum portincntiis. Testibus, Philippo de Orreby J usticiario Cestrie, Petro clerico domini comitis, Liudulfo de Twamlowe, Ricardo filio suo.

Harl. 2060-45. Radulphus filius Simonis de Pulford confirmat monachis de Fulton donacionem quam Ricard us de Aldford eis fecit de villa de Byveley. Testibus, \Villelmo de Meynwaryn, Willelmo capellano de Lawton, Ricardo de Moston, Benedicto de Cowdray, J ohanno de Motlowe, vVillelmo de Pevere, Hugone de Whelok, Nicholao de Wereford, Gilberto Grekell.

These three cha.rters are of alout the sa.me date, and nearer the year 1229, when Philip de Orreby ceased to bo justiciar, than 1209 when he first assumed the office. The ,vitnessos to the last appear witl1ont variation in the confirmation of Byveloy by Rog(}r de Menilwarin, which is printed in the Monasticon. GENERAL INDEX. A Aunay, William de, 51 Acardus, 59 Accedens of Armo1try, SU Adreci (see Darcy) B Aelarcl, Herbert Fitz, (;:iec de Oneby) Babington, l\Iargaret, xii Aentourt (see Daiucourt,) Bacun, Richard, 62 Albemarle, ELtrl of, 36 , , William, !!2~ 2:3, 84 Aldithelr., Henrico de, 29, 72 llagcnderby, Church of, 97 Aldford or Aldfort, 23 llagpipes, at Christma,s, xxxii llarony of, 102 llana~tre, Richard, 59, 61, 102 Alclford family, 83 :Banks, Baronage of, 4-3 Uobert de Aldfol'd, (ob. 118,!,) xvii, 101, Hareth, Richard, 60 102 Barker, William Fitz "\Villium le, xxvi Richard de Aldford, t. Joh. xviii, Barkewrd, I vo de, 22 ; Halph de, 95 8-i, 10,1 Ual'lings, Abbey of, xix, xxiii, 14, 78 Alcl1·intone, 102 ,, Abbot of, 16, 17 ; Cart. of, 44: Ale by, Walter de, 50 Uarmoor Castle, Northumberland, xlii ,, Yvone de, 50 BARONY in Chesliire, 01·igin and nature Aleutone (see Alli11gtou) of,x,xi; l)ugda.leand Leycester'sfailure Alford, in Lincolnshire, 9,3 to identify more than seven baronial Alford, Walter de, 21, 22, 23, 8-!, 9S families. xi ; the original 1.mmber Alliui, Wilelmus illills, 12 twelve, [see preface, also index under Allington, 81 Pulford, Aldford, Fitz Tezzon, llaiu­ Amber, valley of, Derbyshire, xxiii waring.] Amundeville, Agnes de, 95 Barterton, 65, 66, 67, 74 ,, Uobe1·t de, 79 Barthomley, lord of, 61 Anchitel (see Kyme) Basing House, siege of, xli Anselm, xv Bassett, of Drayton, 62, 99 Anjou, Counts of, xi ,, Ralph, 99, 100 Apilton (see Appleton) , , 'fho mas, 71 Appelia, 78 ,, \Villiam, 100 Appleton, 74, 75, 76, 80 llastarcl, ,vnliarn the [Co11que1·or], seal Appletrcedale, 96 of arms, vii Arci, or Arey (see Darcy) Battle Abbey, 1·011 of, xii Arden, John de, 29, 72 (see IIarderna) Baynnvilla, :Fulco de, 59 Arenci (see Darcy) Beauchamp, Guy de, 40 .A1·esci (see Darcy) Beu.uchief, Abbey of, xx:ix, 88 Arsic, ,Villiam, 103 13eauvnis, "\Villiam de, ~3 Arundel House, 9D l3ebington, 75, 7l>, 80 Asewortheby (see .A.swardby) Bectona, [Bcightou, co. De1·by] 17 Ashover, co. De1·by, viii, xxii, xx.iii, xxiv, Bedeford, 6, Capture of, xvi xx.viii, xxx.ii, x:x:xvii, xx.xviii, xxxix, Befo1·d, Gilbert, persoua de, 50 xl, 14:, 16, 17, 88, 93 Bekerig, 31, 36, 46 Ashover, Recto1· of, xxxix, 17 Bekering, Petro de, 8 ,, Church of, xxviii Bellocampo (see Eeauchamp) ,, Nicholas de, 94 Beltisfort (see Bettisford) Aswardby~ Roger de, 40, 41 Belvoir, Robert a Totney's tomb, vi, vii Atie, John de, 72 Belvoir, defence of, iu 1066, vii Atiscross, hundred, 81, 82 Beningworth or &nigwnrd, pedigree, 95 Avranchin, ix, x Gilbert de, xvii, 22, 23, 73, 102, 103 GENERAL INDEX.

Roger de, 21, 22, 23, 73, 84 Bosherville, Robert de, 63, 64 Walter det 22, 73 Bosley (see Boselega) Benniber~, William, 69 Bos•file, Johanne de, xxv. Acl'iilles, Ben1eres, ,vnliam de, 59 xx:di Bretteya, (see Chester) Boteler, Robert le, 101 Bettisford, co. Lincoln, xvii, 69, 98 llotolf [ de Sancto Botolpho], Robert, Beverley, xliii xxi, 1, 92. Henry, 92 Bigot, Roger, xi Ilourne, xxiv, xxv, xxvi ,, Robert Fitz, 61 Boydell (see Boidel) ,, Bigot des Loges, xi, 59, 61 Bradeagh, 71 Bilingheia, 21 Bret, ,villiam le, 17 Bleasby, or Blesby, 72 Breton, Roge1· le, 17 Blount (see Blu.ndus) ,, Thomas, xxxv Bluude, 71, 78 Brincham, Hobert de, 39 Blundeville, Ranul ph, 90 Brinsford, xxiij, xxiv, xxvij, xxix, Blundus, le Blount, (the Fair] Hugo xxxviij~ 58 Bluudus, alias Hugo filius Osberni, Brinsworth Priory, xxviij Baron of Pulford, t. 'rV. C., ix, xxi, British l\Iust'um, xvj, 6, 9, 11, 14, 19, 21, :xxii, xxviii, xli, 1, 4, 5, 6, 19, 27, 22, 44, 49, 5:1, 64, 71, 72, 77 28, 34, 37, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 61, Brittany, xxxi 67, 71, 82, 83. 84, 85, 87, 89, 92, 102 Briwer, '\Villiam, 102 Descendants of Hugo, 87, 88. 8ee also llrocelbi, Herin de, 9. Rainald de, 9 Reresby, Ormesby, Pulford Brocheton (see Broughton) Bohun, Humphrey de, vii Bromhale, 75 Boidel, of Dodleston, al- De Bosdele, Broughton, xii, 81 Boisdele, Bosco Ale, Boydele Brouueby,41 pedigree of, 80 Broxton hundred, 81, 82 J Idonea, ancestress of, xvii, 71, 76, 78, Bruge, 81 80, 84 Brun, Heliscus de, 22 Helton, or Holco, husband of Idonea, ,, John de, 17 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80 Ilrytaynia, John de, 40 Hugh, son of Helton de, 67, 70, 71, 74, Bullington, Priory of, xTii, 22, 23, 27, 63, 75, 77, 78, 80, 98, 101, 102 64, 69, 71, 78, 80, 84, 88 Alan, son of Helton de, 71, 75, 76, 77, William, Prior of, 7, 63 78, 79, 80 Bunting, paper read by 1\lr., xxv William, son of Helton de, 1,, 75, 80, Burdeht, William, 7 89, 98 Burewell, John, vicar of, 52 John de, 74, 79 ,, William de, 52 (see Burwell) Richard, de, 71 Burghersh's, Bishop, Uegister, 97 Family of, 58, 66, 70, 74, 75, 76, 85, 89, Burke, his imagination, viii 91 Burwell, 96 Doisdele (see Boidel) Ilnscherville (see Bosherville) Bolingbroke, honour of, 73, 102 Buslingthorp, John, 7 Bolington, or Bolintone (see Bulli11gto11) ,, ,villiam de, 7 Bolton, xxix, 58 Buxeria, Gaufrido de, 71 Donif ace, Bull of Pope, xx xii Byrons, of Stoke, x.ii Booth, ,J ohu, 103 Byveley, xviij, 104 Boroughbridge, Battle of, v, xxix, xxxii, xxxix Bosco Ale (see Boidel) C Bosdele (see Boidel) Calais, Castle of, xxxj lfo!elega, Bosley, xii, 81, 82 Cale (see Calke) GENERAL INDEX.

Caldecote, xii, 81, 82 Bretteya, Countess of, xvii, 71, 72, 84 Caletoft, Eudo de, 72 John, Earl of, 13, 18, 19, 31, 54, 65, 57, Calkc, Robert, -Prior of, 62, 63 60, 73, 74, 83 Calseb, ,vnliam de, 50 ; Walter, 50 Constable of, x, xvii, 29, 60, 61, 68, 70, Calsworth, Wapeutake, 31, 33 71, 72 · Caltofte, llhillip de, 48 Hundred of, 81 Cambridge, Maud, Countess of, xxxij City of, 64, 65, 82, 90, 101 ,, xxxij ; Queen• s College, xli Bridge at, xii, xvii Camerarius, Herbert, 9 . Castle Ward at, 90 ,, Robert, 8, 10, 94: Chester: Wails of, 65 Campania, Robert de, 72 St. Peter's Church in, xvii, 64:, 69, 98 Canute, Court of, viii Annals of, xvii, 101 Capellauus, Hugh, 11 Abbey of (St. "r erburgh a.t.], :xvii, , , Robert de Resbam, 13 xxviii, 55, 59, 60, 64, 66, 67, 69, 71, ,, Robert, l 00 72, 73, 75, 84, 87, 97, 98,101,102 , , Radulpho de Langwest, 13 Cartulary of 60, 64, 74, 98 Carbunel, Ralph, 72 Archae. So., 73 Cardik, 2 Chetham Society, 73, 101 Carleton, Magna, juxta mare, 17 Cinqueleiz, Seigneur de, xi ,, North, 17 Clackthorpe,72 . Carlisle, Bishop of, 40 ,, Symon de, 22 Carpentarius, Hamo, 9 Clarencieux, viii Cauci, t-jimon de, 23 Clareton, 82, 86 Cerdingham, 81 Claverton, xii, 81, 82 Charles, the Martyr, xlvj Clavinton (see Claverton) Charnell, William de, 100 Clericus, John, 17, 22 Chauc,i (see Cauci) Cleveland, Lord, his own troop, xli

Cheshire, County of, xi, xii, xiii, Cocus, Gilbert, 12; Ralph, 47 1 50 xviii, 23, 55, 57, 61, 64, 65, 67, 70, Colborne, 74 71, 72, 73, 74, 81, 82, 84, 85, 87, 88, Col, \Vimuud de, 59, 68 89,90 Cole, trans. of Reg., of Sp:ildit1g, 68, 69 Barons of, 59, 102 (See Barony.] Comberbach, grant to hospitallers, 70 1\lanors, 56, 7 4, 81 Combermere, 70 CHEST ER, Earldom of, its character and Comte Richard, IIugh, son of, ix institutions misunderstood by every Conisbie Bernard de, viii English historian from Camden to Constabularius, '\Villiam, 59 Stubbs, ix; not a Palatinate, ix, x; Constantine, Geoffrey de, o4, 99 its character now for the first time ascer­ , , Humphrey de, 51> · tained, x ; a new theory of its peculiar Coquus (see Cocus) institutions (see prcfaee). Cordan, 41 llugo Lupus, Earl of, ix, x, 55, 57, 58, Cosin, Phillip, 41 59, 84, 98 Speaks of the Shiremoot ,, William, 41, 72 as " my court,'' ix ,, Gilbert, 72, 73 Richard, Earl of, xv, 34, 37, 58, 60, 66, Cotgrave's Roll, xxxi 6.9, 87, 97, 98 Cotton, MS, ii, 19, 47, 64 Ranulph, Earl of, 60, 62 (see l\ieschines) Goucher Book in Duchy office, 73 Ranulph, Earl of, xiii, xvi, xvii, 62, 63, Courci, Robert de, xi 64, 69 Coventry, xvj Hugh Keveliok, Earl of, xvii, 33, 65, Coverley, Sir Roger de, xxxiv 67, 68, 69, 71, 88. 98 Oowdray, Benedict de, 104 Ranulph, Earl of, 70, 71, 72, 73, 84, 90, Crava, Alexander 96,102 ,, ,vnliam Clericus de, 51 (see Grava} GENERAL INDEX.

Crevequer, de, 18, 19, 20 Devizes, T1·eaty of, 64, 69 ,, Alexander, 20 ,, Battle of, xvj , , Reginald de, 56, 77 Dewes, Sir Simon, (35 Croc, Hamelin de, ii Dieulacres, Abbey of, 29, 69, 72, 88, 103 Crowlund, Abbot of, viii Ren1oved from Pulton, 30 Croylei, Richard, 71 Cart, 103 ,, Roger, 71 Disney, Ric, of Norton Disney, vi Cusin (see Cosin) Diva, Hawisia de, 96 Cusyn ,, . , , Thomas, 96 Dodestun {see Dodleston) Dodleston, 74, 75, 76, 80, 82, 89 Dodsworth, viii, xxxj, 35, 57 D Doncaster, Bagpipes from, xxxij Daincourt or Deincourt, 14 Doomsday, xii,57, 64, 73, 74, 75, 81, 84, Amabilia, 6, 25 85 Amicia, 6 For Cheshire, 86 John de, xx:ij, 6, 12, 25, 87 Drayton, 99 Nicholas, 24, 25, 87 Driby, Simon de, 38, 39, 46, 48 Oliver, 25 Dndestan, 81 Dakin, William, viii Dugdale, viii, xli, 4:3, 51, 102 Dalderby's, Bishop, Register of, 97 , , Yorkshire Anns, xxxvi Dalfin, Robert, xxx Dunham, l[asci, 59 ,, Gode, xxx Dunn, river, xliii , , )Iatilda, xxs: Dunnington, Uicha.rd de, 73 Dalton, xxix, 58 Duntune (see Dutton) , , Louth, x:lii Durham, Bishop of, 40 Danish Custom, 55 Dutton or Duntune, 65, 66, 67, 70, 74 Dapifer, Rb.lph, 61, 65 Adam, 70, 74, 98 . ,, Robe1·t, 65 Geoffrey, 74, 98 D'Arcy, xvij, 18, 27, 30, 31. 34, 35, 37, 38, Hugh, xvij, 69, 70, 88,101 42, 52, 53, 54, 68, 69, 83, 87, 88 Adam, Fitz Hugh de, 66 Norman, xviii, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, Hugh, Fitz Hugh, 66 36,41,46 Thomas, 28, 29, 36, 45, 53, 95 Ralph, 33 D'Avranches, Richltrd de, xii E ,, Ralph, 33 Earwaker, 1\fr., 73 David, Golborne, 74 Eastwood Hall, at Ashover, xxiij, xxv, Dawney, John, xxxi,i (see Aunay) xxxvij Dayville, "'Nalter, 79 Ebrulf, Saint, 64, 65 Dcchet, Giffard de, 17 Eccles:field, xli Deincourt (see Daincourt) Edesbury, 81 Denbigh, 81 Edlington, 96 Dennaby Hall, xx:xvij, xli, xliii, xlv Edmondson, 41 De Plesley, xxv Edritone, xii, 74, 81, 82 Derby, 88 Edwin, rebellion of, ix, x ,, Earl of, 66 Eikon Basilike, xlvi Derbyshire, i, xxij, 13, 96 Eincourt (see Daincourt) ,, Knight of the shire for, xxx Einesford, Willielmo de, 23 ,, Cox's Churches of, viii Eitone, 81 ,, Sheriff of, xxxiv Elkington, 42 D'Essidehall (see ,vnlegby, 12) Ellis, Intro~. to Doomsday Book, 56 Deugye, heiress, named, xxix Eltham, manor of, xxxiv GENERAL INDEX.

Ely House, London, xii Foundling's Hospital, xiv Enderby, 32, 46, 50 (see Henderby) Foster, Joseph, 44 ,, Albinus, 97 ,, Visitation, xxiv . , , Symon, persona, 50 Founchun, Robert de, 68 ,, William de, 50 }.,ranee, xx:xi Engelbi, Ilobert, Piucerna de, 101, 103 Frank, F. Bacon, Esq., of Campsall, l\IS. Epletune, 74 belonging to, xxxvj Epp

Evesham, xxij, xx:xij Futenglaz1 26 Evroul, Abbey of, 57 , • Battle o:f, xx xix Exestan, hundred, 81, 82 }~ytou, xii, 21, 32, 34, 57, 62, 63, 77, 81, G 82, 83, 95 Gant, Earl Gilbert de, 21, 63, 65 Gascony, xxxi Gatty, Alfred Scott, York Herald, an eminent musician and genealogist, F xiii, 39 Faber, Walter, 47 Genealogist, 69 ,, Uobert, 8 Genevilda., widow of Geoffrey, xxx ,, William, 9 Geroldonia, 23 Fabrian, 17 Gl1erbod, ix Fairfax, xxvj Gibbon's Early Lincoln Wills, 96 I◄,alconarius, Eerenga1·ius, 68 Gibthorpe, 38, 42, 53 Faldingwo1-tll, 22 ,, Amie, 42, 43 lfaldingwurd (see Faldingworth) ,, Peter de, 42, 43, 53 Farefort, Baldricus de, 57 Glapwell, xxij Jtarford, 72 Glendower, Owen, xiii }.,arli, Geoffrey, 71 Goldel1ayt, :Manor of, 42 ,, ,vm., 71 Goute bi, Church of All Saint&, 68 Farwello, Thomas, 4 7 Gosholme, 78 lfcnne, Alan dei 23 Gotham, iii, xxiv, xxx ,, Jacob, 23 ,, John de, xxv, xxx: Ferney Hall, Shropshire, xiii ,, Hehess of, xxxix Fenariis~ Comes de, 26 , , Richard de, xxxv Ferrers, Earl of, 87 ,, Sale of Swan Inn to, xxxv Friskenaye, Lambert de, 97 ,, .l\latilda, xxxv Fingeieston, 58 ,, Cecilia, heiress of, xx:xv Fitz Osberui, ,villiam, Earl l\Iartial, vii Gould, Rev Baring, Lives of Saints, ii :Fitz Tesson (see Taison) Graham, honour of, xvij, 72, 97, 99 Fitz ,villiarn, Simon, 53 Grant, Johanne le, 12 Flanders, ix, 82 Grappenhall, 72, 74 Fleet, The, xiv Graunt, Roberto le, 17 }.,oljambe, Sir Francis, xliij Grava, William de, 50 (see C1·ava) Fontenay, Abbey of, xi Greenfield, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, GENERAL INDEX.

52, 53, 72, 84 Haringtun, William de, 11 Church of St. Mary, 49, 51 Harley Charters, xxxi, xxxvi, 7, 9, 10, Prioress of, 49, 51 21, 22, 23, 26, 35, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, Greenhall close. xxiij 51, r.2, 54, 58, 60, 61, 62, 64. 71, 76, 78, Greenstreet, Mr., 26, 44 79, 82, 85, 89, 94, 95, 97, 99, 102 Oreille, ,villiam de, 63 Ila8sceby, 26 Grekell, Gilbert, 104 ,, Robert de, 26 Gresale, Witliam de, 62 Hastings, roll of Battle Abbey, xij Gresford, xii, 63, 74, 81, 82 Hawarden Castle, 67 Gresley, Priory of, 63 Hawisia, 68 ,, "\Villium de, 63 Hay, John de, 96 ,, Castle, Derbyshire, xvij, 63 Hearne, Liber Nigar, 53 Grctford (see Gresford) Hebbigebi, Richard, Chaplain of, 99 Gropeuhale (see GrappenhL1le) Hellesby, Joram de, 72 Gro&venor, Sir Thomas le, xiii, xix Helton, Chartert:-1 of, 10, (see Suelleslund) ,, and Scrope controversy, xvj, Heltonis, Willelmus Avunculus, 10 xviij, XXX Hclsby's Edition of Ormerod's H., of Ralph de, xvj Cheshire, 29, 30, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 70, Ancestors of, xxxj 71, 72, 73, 75, 81, 82, 83, 86, 89, 101 MS., 86 Hellesby, Jora.m de, 29 Guycnne, xxx Hemmingebi, 23 Gybetho1·pe (see Gibthorpe) Henderby, 31, 36, 46 (see Enderby) Gynwell' s, Bishop, Register, 97 He11gham, xix, 14:, 15, 16, 18, 22, 88 Gypewic, Canons of Holy 'frinity, 70 llentou, \Valttir de, 23 Herald's Coll, viii, xxxvj, 11, 12, 38 Herbert, Chamberlain of Scotland, 9 Hesley Hall, xx:vij B Hiemois, ix, x Hackthorn, 63 Hill, Wapentake, 26, 31, 83, 35 llage, 12 ,, Dean of, 50 llaghe, IIugone clerico de, 48 Bingham or Hyngham (F-ee Hengham) ,, Peter Burgesin de, 48 llo!?e, Bigod de, 59 ( see Loges) ,, \Villiam de, 73 Holland, Rir Otii;, vii Hagneby, Priory of, 83 Hollius, Rc•ginald de, 17 Hainghton, Ralph, 9() Holme, xix, 32, 33, 34, 35, 41, 44, 85 ,, Richard, 96 ,, Randal, 62, 76, 98 ,, Sara, 96 Hooton, Paynell, iii ,, 'l'homas, 96 IIooton Roberts, iii , , ,villiam, 96 Hope, Church of, :xxviii Hakethoru, Richard de, 51 Horbeling, Simon de, 10, 94 Halton, 63, 73, 84 Horbury Church, ii ,, Barons of, 59, 67, 90 Hormesby (see Ormesby) Hamelini, Johannes filius, 11 Hosberti (see Osbert) Hamestan, hundred, 81 Hostiarius, Geoffrey, 62 Handbridge, xii, xvij, 81, 82, 101 IIoton, Church, iii Handlai (see Hanley) ,, John de, xx.iv Handlay (see Hanley) Houpeland, 78 Hanley, 74, 75 Hout, ,villiam de, 71 Hanovh, William de, 48 Hugh, Robert Fitz, xi Haraucmut, Ivone de, lCO 1Iul1, 75, 80 Harderna, Richard de, 73 (see Arden) Hunter's Deanery of Doncaster, uiv Hareby, Alan de, 102 Hunter (see Yorkshire, South) Haribrun, William, 8 Hurt, Nicholas, :x..~vij GENERAL INDEX.·

Hurt, J onathau, xxviij Kinderton, Barons of, 59 ,, Valentine, :xxvij King of England, ix ,, 'Mary, xxviij ,, of lfrance, ix Hutchinson, Uol, :uvj Kingesaya, 60 Hyde Park, xlv Kingeslee, Richard de, 29, 7 2 Hylle (see Hill) Kirkstea.d Abbey, xxviij, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 10, 20, 21, 23, 25, 60, 73, 87, 96 Monks of, 20 ; Chapel of 8. Leonard at, iii, 8 I Abbot, Hugh, 24 Ickles, The, xxiij, xxiv, xxvij, :xxviij, Cart., iii, 8, 0, 10, 11, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, x:ucix 60,63, 73, 94, 95, 96 Idolatry, Homily on peril of, v . . l{naresburgh, S. Robert of, iii Infanta, Governess of the Low Countries, Kyme De,, 18, 20, 37, 84 xi Hadewisia, 21, 22, 95 Infield, Thrybergl1, xliii I>hillip, x:vij, 21, 22, 23, 55, 63, 65, 67, Ingaudebi, Osbern de, 56 68,71,78, 79, 9~ 95,98 InfJ'ham0 , 22 Lambert, l)rior, de, 22 1emplc, Inner 'l ~lv Uanclolf, 78 Ipswich, Priory at, 70 (see Gypcwic) Richard do, 21, 71, 78 Ivanhoe, Sir Walter Rcott'i:,, xxij William, 21, 22, 42 Simon, Fitz William, 36, 55, 63, 64, 67 Kyrkeby, 25, 65 J , , " ... est, 65 Jenyns' roll, xxxj Kyrkeley, 13 Jerusalem, S. John's Hospital, 82 Jessop, Mr., Insulting expression from, XL~iv L John, clericus, 17 Labbe, Geoffrey, 100 MSS. in posses­ Johnsto11, Nathaniel, Lacy, l\Iatilda, 33 sion of F. Bacon :x:xxvij, xliij Frank, ,, Roger de, 71 Lambert, lfita, ancestor of de C1·evequer, 11 K Joceline Fitz, 20, 27 Kays ton, Jo : Lord of, vii Gilbert Fitz Joceline, 77 Kent, vii Lancaster, Duchy of, 95, 96, 102 ,, Earl of vii ,. 'rhomas, Earl of, v, 40 Kermingham, xil, 81, 82 ,, Duke of, xx.."{ Kett!eby, Simou de, 39, 40., (see Ormesby) Lanc~ly11, 74, 75 Kettlesby, xii, :xviii, 30, 31, 32, 33, a5, ,, Richard, 66, 67, 74, 75 50, 51, 52, 54, 57, 58, 87, 90 ,, Robert, 67, 75, 80, 82 Henry, 52 , , Poultou, 7 4 Jtalph, 39 Langlwu, ,vapentake, 25, 26, 31 lUchard, Chaplain, 49, 50 Langley, Sir Edmund de, xxx Robert, 52 Langton, 47 Simon Fitzwilliam, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, Langtorp, 37 52 Langwal'd or Langwath, 9, 13, 58 William, 39 Laon, iii Keveliok, Hugh, Earl of Chester (see · Lawusley, John, xxxij Chester) Lawrence, Saint, Hugo de, 22 Kilburn; Derbysl1ire, xli Lawton. William, Chaplain of, 104 Kime (see Kyme) Leeds, 'l'horesby's History of, xlv GENERAL INDEX.

Leftwick, 102 l\Iainwal'ing, \Villiam de, 104 Legh (soc Leigh) l\ialbanc, Hugo, 60, 61 Legh, of Swineyard, 70 ,, ,villiam, 59, 60, 61, 87 ,, Gerard, 89 :M:aletot, Jtogcro de, 65, 9S Leicester, Hobert, Earl of, xvij, 99, 100 , , William de, 73 Leicestershire, Nichols, History of, 23 lla.lopassu, David de, 29, 72 , , County uf, vii :Mal pus, 6:J, 82, 90 Leigh, xviij, 66, 67, 6V, 75 :Malton, Thomns Welby of, vii ,, Litt.le, xvij l\fnubn.nc, 59 ,, Hobert, xviij, :xix I\lansfelt, ·revolt of Count, xl Leonard, S., ii, vi (l)ee Kirkstcad) l\Iara, Hugh do, 81, 82 Leycest.er, Sir I)eter, 57, 61, 65, GG, 67, 1\1 ~ircary, Ead of Lincoln, vii 71, 73, 7:3, 88, lOI Mn.re, 8irc de la, x Lincoln, Bishop of, ix, xj, xix, 17, 18, :Marcsca.ldm, or l\lare.schallus, Thomas, 11 25, 26, 38, 67, 63, 72, 84; Richard, Henry, 100 Un non of, 22 ; Battle of, xvi l\Iarescallus, Andrew, 25 ,vnlimn, Earl of, 64 ; Bishop's l\Iat·kham, Aimon de, 17 regh1ter, 97 ; Early wills at, g6 :J.\,larton, xii, :xix, xx, xxi, xxviij, 2, 3, Cast.le, Governor of, 73. 172 ; Canons 4, 5, 6, 20, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28,' 30, 31, of, 102 ; ChancePor of, 21 ; Church :12, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 41, 52, 53, 62, of S. :Mary, 71 81, 82, 83, 87, 88, 02 Lincolnshire, xi, :xviij, xx, xxi, 10, Beatrice, 24, 25, ~6, 87 13, 18, 19, 22, 23, 2!l, 32, 35, 38, 42, 44, Family of, 37 54, of>, 57, 58, 67, 69, 1a, 76, 77, 8-1: 85, l\larsh o:f, 20, 2il 88, uo, 02, oa, 9.:1, U5. 98 · :Matilda de, 24, 25, 26, 34 Osbert, 8heriff of, 57 Hichard de, 24, 26, 27. 35 Escheator for, 78 Simon de, 24, 25, 26, 27, 87 Lindsey, Survey of, 37, 58, 62, 63, 73, 77 Walter, 3 Lionel, 8ir, xxx William, 3 Lime, 74 l\Iascy (sea l\{aci) Lincoln's Inn, xlii l\Ias1~ilwarin (see l\fainwaring) London, 9!} 1\-lassmgberd, Uev., W. 0., 97 ,, Ely House, xli :Massy, ( see Maci) · Lovr.lot, Richard de, 69 l\'{aydeuwell (see l\Iaidenwell) Lupus, Hugo (see Chester) l\laynes, 75 Lutheska, Wnpe11takc, 32 l\Ieinwarin (see :M:aiuwaring) Luttrell's diary, xlv 1\fenc11ent, Galfriclo de, 100 Lymme~ 74 Menilwarin (see l\lainwaring) l\Iercian Earhlom, ix l\fercton (see Marton) l\Ierle or 1lerula, Adam, 7, 8, 9, 10, il, 13 M ,, Hugh, 11 :J.\,lacclesfield, 70 1, Phillip, 7, 11 , , Chapel, xviij l\Ieschines or l\feschyue (the Younoer), l\Iar.i, l\'10,f:ci, or .Ma1:1ey, 55, 59, 61, 90 60,87, 97, 98 ° Hu.mo de, xi, 29, 5U, 61, 66, 67, 7;.>, Osborne, 6~ 61,GG, 98 Uobert de, 61 Ranulpll, 60, 97 Madesfield, 71 Simon, 98 l\Iaidenwell, 76, 77, 79 ,vnuam, 61 l\Iainilwariu (see :Mainwaring) l\Iesser, Alano de, 50 :Main warino, 1., 59 l\lexborough, Dennaby Hall, xxxvii Rauulph, 66, 67, 71, 75, 9U l\Ieynwaryn (see Mainwari110') " Boge~ 29,66, 67, 72, 10! Miclehale, 79 ° " GENERAL I~llEX.

1'Iidelcarleton, 17 Newcastle-on-Tyne, xxiij, 43, 53 l\lillei or l\Ulla, Roger de, 22 ,, Army at, xl ,, H.aunlph de, 71, 78 Newehalle manor, A:shover, 17 J\Iintinges, S. Andrew's Church, 68 Newton, 18, 22, 72 :Miscellany of Ingenious Thoughts, xlv Nicl1ols, Roll of Arms, 90, 91 J\Iischinus (see Meschines) ,, Hist : of Leicestershire, 23 J\iodberleg, Patric of, 71 Nigrl, William :Fitz, x, 39, 46, 67

J\Ionasticon, viii, 62, 63, 70, 72, 104 Norman 1 Hugh Fitz, 63 l\1011asteriis (see l\Iusters), Galfrido de, 17 Normandy, ix, xi, 59, 64 l\ionckton, ~ir~Phillip, xii ,, Henry, Duke of, vii, ix, xl, l\Ionta.lt, Barons of, 5U, 6i, DO 64 ,, Robert, dapifer of, 65, 67 William, Duke of, vii ,, Ralph, 70, 75 U.ichu.rd, Duke of, vii ,, Hoger, 31, 32 Normanrille, xx, xxiij, 18, 19, 35, 58, ~Ionte alto (see l\1ontalt) 88 Monteford, Turstan de, 64 Gerard de, 1168, 18 Moreton (see l\farton) Ualph, xxij, xxv, xxxix, 7, 11, 1-f, 18, Morkere, rebellion of, ix 102 l\:lorris, Colonel, xli Sir Adam, L"'{iij, xxix, xxxiij, 14 Mostou, Richarcl de, 104 Avicia, 18, 19 l\lotlowe, J olm de, 104 liargeria, xxiij, 14, 15 Mounteneys, house of, xxvij lleiress of, v :Moyers, l\ir., xlv Norroy, viii l\Ioyum, William de, 102 Norse, 24 l\:t:ubrai (~Iowbray), Willielmus de, 22 Nortliampton, 102 J\Iuleton, Thomas de ,, Ead of, xxx l\funz, ,villiam de, 71, 78 Nortliamptonshirc, 70, 9H, 102 l\,lusters, Alicia, 12 N ortlmmbedand, Earl of, v ,, William de, 12 ,, Rebellion of, v , , Geoffrey de, 17 N orthwich, xii l\lnstel, Galfrido, 72, 78 Nortoua, llenry, I,rior of, 70 ,, William, 71, 78 Nottinghamshire, 89, 93 Nonbele (see Neubela)

N autwich, 59 0 Nepos, Simon, 47 (see Ormesby) Oinatore, Serlone,162 N etherlunds,opening in for soldiers career, Order of the Holy 'friuity, iii xi ORUESBY (South Ormesby co. Lincoln), Neubela, Newbold, co. Lincoln 07, 58, ix, xiii, xiv, :xviij, 23, 27, 28, 29, 30, 7<>, 77, 78, 79, 80 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, as, 39, 40, Hugh of, 58 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, Idonea, 71, 78, (~ee Boidel) 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, Neville, Hugh de, 7 88, 89, 9(), 91, 97 '! Peter de, 28 Ormesby, ~ite of the l\Ianor House, xiii ,, Gilbert, Lord Admiral, vii Cbnrch dedicated to St. Leonard, iv, ,, Richard de, xi xviii, 45, 52, 95 ; rector of, 51, 97 Neve, le,·xlv Pedigree, 38, 52, 53, 69, 87 Neville, de, (sec Testa de Neville) r. Hugh Fitz Osborn, 1(86, lol'd of, 28, Newark. xl, Sir John Heresby's house at, 85, 96 (see llulford) · xxxvij u. Osbert ltit~ Hugh, t. H. i., iord of, N cw bold (see N cubola) 20, 28, 54, 55 (sec Pulford) GENERAµ INDEX.

Ormes by, conth1ued Emma, 39, 51 u1. Hugh Fitz Osbel'n, o. t. Steph., Gilbert de. 35, 36, 90 lord of (see Pulford) Henry, Chaplain of, 50 IV, Rimon Fitz Osb@rn, c. 1152-1184, Sir Henry de, 35, 36, 90 lord of, xvii, 28, 54, 92, 103 Hugh Neale de, 38, 39, 51 v. Ralph Fitz Simon de Ormesby, c. Nigel de, 51, 90 1184-1230, lord of, xvii, xviii, 28, Ralph, the Carpenter, 49 31, 32, 38, 34, 36, 38, 52, 59, 83, 85, Richard~ ix, xx, xxi, xxviij, 1, 2, 4, 5, 86, 88, 92, 95, 96, 102, 103 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, vr. Sir Sin1011 de Ormesby, ob. ante 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 45, 46, 47, 1261, 27, 35, 38, 52 49, 50, 51, 55, 68, 84, 87, 92, 93, 95 viI. Sir Hal ph Fitz Simon (II) de Richard, son of Beniard. 4 7, 50

Ormesby, eschretor for Lincolnshire, Robert de, 35, 36, 38, 40, 47, 50, 52, 53 1, 1260, xiii, xviii, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 86, 89, 91, 92, 96; persona, 46, 50, 51 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 56, 82, 86, Roger de, 16, 47, 49, 54 90, 96, 103; Amic~a, daughter of, Simon Fitz Richard, 95 48,53 Simon N epos, 49, 89 ·v111. Sir Simon Fitz Ralph (II) de Stalay, Robert de, Rector of, 49 Orroesby, his will proved in 1320, Thomas, persona de, 47, 50 xvii, 38, 40, 53, 86, 96 ; Amia, Thomas de, 30, 31, 36, 42, 45, 46, 49, daughter of, 53 50, 51, 96 IX. Sir Ralph Fit.z Simon (III) de Tltomas Fitz Ralph Fitz Simon 96 Ormesby, 38, 53 Thomas Fitz Richard, 42, 45, 46, 47, x. Sir Simon Fitz Ralph (III) de 48, 49, 51 Ormesby, sup. 1341, 38, 42, 43, 48, William, the clerk of, 40, 44, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53 -,9, 51 Hawisia, wife of, 53 Walter, the clerk, 49 Margaret, heiress of the family, wife William de Talyver de, 40 of Sir \Vill. de Skipwith, 35, 38, O1'1nesby, North or Nun, 35, 90 40, 53, 96, 97 Priory of, 90 }Ionsire de, 91 Family of, 35, 90 :l\latilda, wife of Richard de, xxviii, 2 Ormerod's Cheshire, xi, xviij, 30, 61, 62, Beat.rice, d. of Richard, 24, 87 63, 64, 65, 66. 67, 70, 71, 72, 73, 7 4, 7 5, Amicia 76, 77, 81, 82, 83, 86, 89, 101 Arms, 91 OmcastJe, Dean of, 50 Orme!by, South, another family of, Orreby, Pedigree of, 83 probably still ex.ii::ting, 90 ,, Beatrice, 82 Pedigree, 4:5 · ,, Herbert, 82, 83 1. Alan de, sup. 1166, 45 ,, Phillip de, 29, 30, 72, 82, 104 11. Bernard de, ob. ante 1199, 28, 45, 49, ,, Richa1·d, 83 51, 95 ,, Sybil,83 ux. Alan Fitz Bernard de, 1199-1209, ,, .Agnes, 83 28, 30, 34, 36, 37, 39, 4:5, 46, 47, 49, Os bern or Osbert, Fitz, see p. xxi, 69 95 (see Blundus) Albinus Fitz Alan de, 35, 36, 45, 46, Fitz Hugh, ix, xi, xii, xiii, xvi, xix, 47, 49, 50, 51 xxi, 68, 89, 91, 97, 98, 101 1v. Richard Fitz Alan de, c. 1213 .Alexander, xvj, xix (see Rercsby) v. Thomas, son of Richard de, ob. ante Hugh, xvj, xix, xx 1276 Simon, xii, xvj, xvij, xix, 69, 70, 98, v1. Oliver, son of Thomas de, 45, 46, 48, 100, 101, 102, 103 (see Ormesby) 49, 50, 51 Ralph Fitz Simon, 69, 102 Thomas, brother of Oliver de Osney, Roger de, 89 Adam,51 · Ot!ghtibridge Hall, xli GENER.AL INDEX.

Oxecumbe, 26, 87 Pipard, Gilthlebert, 101 Oxf01•d, King at, xli ,, Robert, 101 Pipe Roll Society, 26 Pisce, Ricardo, 71 Plesley, iii, xxij, xxiij, 12, 13, 16, 88 p , , Serlo, lord of, xxij, :n:viij Palatine, i:s: ,, Old Hall, xxiij Palatinate, 59, 63, 84 , , New Hall, xx iij Palatine, Earl, x, 34, 60 ,, Manor of, xxviij Papwortl1's Ordinary, 89 Poigntone, Alexander de, 72 Parcariis, 1\1 atthew de, 98 Poitiers, Battle of, xxxii Paris, LU Pole, Peter de la, x.xxij Pat[eshulle], Simon de, 7 Pontefract siege, xli Patric, William, xvij, 65, 102 Pontone, 74 (see Pulton) PEDIGREES- Portenarius, Reginald, 18 Baldric, xi Poulton (see Fulton) Chamberlain, 9 Praeriis, Phillip de, 23. 84 Fitz Tezzon, 80 ,, Ranulf, 23, 84 Hurt, xxvii , , Adam de, 61 Rozsceline, 19 Pulcroft, 89 De Boidel, 80 PULFORD, pedigree of, 82; arms of, De Hainton, 96 89 ; fee or barony. 103 ; Castle of, on De Horbeling, 94 the Welsh frontier, xviii, 86, 91, 103; De Kettlesby, 38, 39 Church of, xiii; gold vessel found at, Des Loges, xi xiii De Lund, 11, 94 1. Hugh Fitz Osbel'n, Ba1·on of, sup. De 1\Iarton, 26, 87 1086, xii, xiii, xiv; his estates in De lierle or De Merula, 11 .Cheshire and Lincolnshire, xii ; hi€ De Ormesby, of South Ormesby, xxi, military career, xii 38, 52, 53, 69, 87, 88 11. Osbert Fitz Hugh, Baron o:f, t. H. 1, Another family, 45 xv De Ormesby, of North Ormesby,- 35 111. Hugh Fitz Osbern, Baron of, c. t. De Pulford, xxi, 69, 87 Steph., xvi De Reresby, xxi, 87, 88 IY. Simon Fitz Os~ern, brother o_f Hqgh, De Snellesluud, IO Baron of c. llt>2-1184, a w1tuess·to De Suntorp, 10, 94 the Treaty of pevizes, xvi, xvii, 86, De Wikingebi, 9, 10 88, 103, 104 (see Ormesby) Peerage, complete, by G.E.O., 60 v. Ralph Fitz Simon de, 1184-1230 Pembroke, Earl of, 40 Richard de, 83, 104; Sybil de 83 Peniston, Hugh de Roderham, rector of, The junior branch. Robert, to ~hom xxv the castle was given by Ralph Fitz Pepys' Diary, i Simon, xviii, 75, 82, 83, 85. 86 91 Perci, de, 18, 19 103 , Herbert (perhaps a misr'ead: ,, "\Villiam de, 57 ing for Osbert}, 75, 82,101; Hugh, Petro, Ricardo de S., 23 83, 86; John, 82, 83, 86,103; :repre­ Pevere, William de, 104 sented by the Duke of West­ Peverill, ,villiam, xvij miuster, K.G., xviii Phipps, Samuel, xlii Family of, xii, xiii, xiv, :xvij, xviii Pincerna, Richard, 59, 62, 63, 64 xix, xx, 76, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87: ,, Robert, xvij, 101, 103 88, 91, 103 Jlinchbeck, viii Sybil de, 83 ,, Adam de, vii Pulfort (see Pulford) Pinerene, William, 68 Pulteney, xlii GENERAL. . INDEX..

Pulton, Abbey of, xvii, 29, 66, 72, 73,_74:, Reresby property, xxxviii 101, 104 Reresby Family-i, viii, ix, xv, xix, }Ionks of, xviij . xx, xxiij, xxvij, xxxv, xxxvj, Abbey removed to Dienlacree, 30, 72 xxxix, xlii, 6, 7, 13, 14, 15, 16, Putelbech, 21. 18, 19, 20, 23, 30, 32, 35, 41, 42, 44-, 55, 56, 68, . 77, 83, 84, 88, 89, 91, 92, 94 1. Alexander de Reresby, t. Steph. &: R Hen. II, the disinherited son of Radefont,' Frambald de, 69 Osbert Fitz Hugh! 2nd Baron of Rad.more, .Abbot of, 62, 63 Pulford, xv, xix, xx, :xxi I, 4, 5, 6, Raine, Canon, iv 10, 11, 12,19,20. 35, 93 Randestorn, Richard, clericue de, 71 '\Villiam l.,itz Eudo de, xx, 19, 20, Rapsley, Robert de, vii 47, 52, 94, 95. Roger his son, 20 Ravenfield Htt 11, xiii Juliana, wife of Alexander de, xix, Rawlinson collection, i xx, 6, 7, 11, 19, 88, 94, ~5 Redburn, Richard de, 71, 78 u. Isidore de, al. Ysore Fitz Alexander, Redfer, Robert, xxvj c. 1194-1248, iii, iv, n:, xx, :x:xii, 6. 7, Renishaw, l\Ir. Sitwell, of, xxviij, xli 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 25, RERE8BY- 28, 31, 34, 35, 55, 56, 88, 89, 92, 93, St. Leonard de Reresby, ii, iii, iv, v 94 Pedigree from 1086, xxi, 87, 88 Amicia Deiucourt, wife of Isidore Genealogia, painted by a herald in de, xxii, 12 1585, viii · ux. Ralph, son of Isidore de, e. 1248- Portraits in windows of Thrybergh 1275, xxii, X.."tiii, xxiv, :x:xv, xv, 13, Church, from c. 1316 to c. 1500, 14, 16, 17, 18 88. Legend of his xx.xvi return from the Holy Land, v, vi Aims, iii, viii, 91; origin of 91; earliest Margery de N ormanville, wife of use of, 011 seals, xxix, in battle rolls Ralph de, legend concen1ing, v, androllsofarmsxxi; in York Minster vi; xxix, 16, 17 · 1484, xxxv ; on oak chimney pieces, Richard, son of Sir .A.dam de, xl x:xx.vii ; on a gate house, xxxvii ; on 1v. Sir Adam, son of Ralph de, c. 1275- church pews, xxviii; on an oak bed­ 1349. Fought at Boroughbridge, v, stead, xx.."tvi; on Thrybergh Spire, xxix; xl, 17, 18, 89, 91. His seal of nxvi arms .xxix. Contemp: portrait of Residences. Pulford Castle, co. Chester, l1im xxxvi c. 1070-1140, xii ; Ormesby, eo. Robert, brother of Sir Adam de, Lincoln c. 1070-1140, xii. The seal of, xxix; 16, 17 moated manor house a.t ReresbyF co. Simon, brother of Sir Adam de, Lincoln, c. 1140-1240, xx. The site seal of, .xxix . of the Old Hall, and ruins of the Ralph. nephew of Sir Adam de, New Hall at Ashover, co. Derby,c. seal of, xxix 1240-1646, xxiii, xxiv. Thrybergh D'3ugye, als Thethegne, wife of House, co. York, c. 1316-1705, Sir Adam de,xxh, 17, 88. Cotemp: description and views of, xlii, portrait of her, xxxvi xxxv. The Ickles, dower house near Isabella, sister of Sir Adam de, Rotherha1n, which still exists,~. 1252 xxix -1705, xxiii; description of in 1358, Alice, sister of Sir .A.dam de, xx.."t xxvi Y. Ralph, M. P. Derby1:1hire, 1325, son Swan Inn, the best room and stable of Sir Adam de, x:xx:. Cotemp : reserved for the heir of the family, 011 portrait of him and his wife, xxxvi Rotherham Fair day, from c. 1287- vi. Sir Thomas, son of Ralph de, c. 1748, LUV 1338-1382, fought in the hundred GENERAL INDEX.

Reresby, continued xvn. Sir John Reresby, eon of Sir yea.rs' WN-r, xx:x, xx.xi, xxxvi, ; Co : George, ob. 1646, captu1·ed by the portrait of him, x:xxvi Roundheads and his estates seques­ Cecily, wife of Sir Thomas and trated, xl ; his gu.rden, xlii ;. his heiress of the De Gothams, xx:vi, essay ' de ratioue bene vivendi,' viii xxx, xxxvi. Her portrait, x.-u:vi xvnx. Sir John Reresby, Bon of Sir -vu. Sir Thomas, son of the first Sir John, ob. 168~, hts !vlemoirs, i, ii, vi, Thomas de, c. 1338-1394, did forty ix, xxiv, xxvi, xxviii, xliii, xliv, years' fighting against the French, xxxv, xxxviii; his Family History, xxx:, xxxi, xl; his arms, xxxi; Lucy i, xli, 11, 17, 18, 20 ; his '£ravels, i ; his widow, xl his Letter Book, i; his Pal'liamentary VIII. Sir Thomas, eon of the second Sir Journal, i ; his small eetate, xxx.viii, Thomas de, c. 1394-1439, fought having been cheated by bis relatives: against the French, iii, xxL,:, xxxi, xxxviii ; de8cription of Thrybergh, xxxii, xx.xiii, xxxix, xl ; the long xlii ; his improvements there, xliii, entail which sared the property x1iv, xlv; keeps open house at Xmas, duiing the War of the Roses, xxxii xxxiii; relics of, xlvi l\'Iaud, wife of the third Sir XIX. Sir William, son of tht"l second Sir Thomas de, xxvi Johu, a drunken scoundrel, xxviii; IX. William, son '.>f the third Sir Thomas ran through the estate, and ended de, succeeded 1439, iii; had a bull b7 being a tapster and cardsharper from Pope Eugenius, xxxii, built the in the Queen's Bench prison, xiv Spire and presented painted glass to xx. Sir Leonard, brother of Sir William, 'rhrybergh Church, xxxv, xxxvi. ob. 1748, xlv · His portrait, xxxvi xxr. Jobn, the last of the Reresbys x. Ralph, brother of William de, ob. emigrated to llaryland, xii ' 1466 Mary, eventual heiress of the family XI. Ralph, son of Ralph de, ob. 1530, ancestress of the Sitwells of Reni~ founded a chantry, xxxii, xxxv, xx.xvi shaw, xxviii, xli, xlii, xlvi Arnold, younger brother of Ralph Reresby, continued de, xxxvi, xl Edmond, xxxix xu. Thoma,, son of Ralph de, succeeded Emote, xli 1530, a great b1:1Hder, xxxiv, xxxvi, Eugenius, xl . effigies of himself and his wife on an Francis, xli oak bedstead, xxxvi. His badgee, Godfrev, xli xxxvi Guido de, viij, vii, xl, xlii, xlv, xlvi XIII. Lionel, sou of Thomas, xxiii, J ervase, xxxix X.."'{Vii, xxxvii, xl. His arms on an Leonard, xli oak mantel-piece, xxxvii 1'1onsire de. xxxj XIV. Thomas Reresby, son of Lionel, Sir Tamwo1th, xl, xli, xlv ob. 1587, his arms on an oak mantel­ '\Villiam, a draper, xxxix, :xli piece, xxxvii Retford, Thomas Yong, of, xxxv :x.v. Sir Thomas, son of Thomas, ob. Richard I. 11, 19 1619. xxxvi. xxxiv, xli, built East­ ,, Creur de Lion, ix, xx:, xxij, 74 wood Old Hall, xxv ; and a tower at Richard, Earl of Chester (see Chester) Tlfrybergh, xxxvii, envoy to King Richmond, Earl of, xxx, 40 James, xxxiv; his preparati0ns to Ridel, Geoffrey, 99, 100 entertain the King, xxxiv; fined ,, Geva, 62, 97 £1000 in the Star Chamber, xxxiv ,, Geoffrey, xvij XYI. Sir George Reresby, son of Sir Rocand, Petro, 71 Thomas, ob. 1628 ; living at the Roche Abbey, xxiij Ickles, xxvii ; his breed of horses, ,, :Monks of, xxiij, xxiv xxxiT. His widow, xxvii ,, Abbot of, xxiv . GENERAL· INDEX.

Rochester Col, xli Scarborough, iii Roclund or RokeJand, ao, 31, 32, 33, 37, Scarsdale, Society of Antiquaries, xxiij 42 Schitelang or Setelhangre, 70, 102 Ralph. 43 Scrope, and Grosvenor controversy, :xvj, Thomas, 42, 43 xviij, XXX l\Iauor of, 43 Sir Richard, xxx Rodelent, Robert de, x, 64, 65 Sir Henry, xxx Roderham (see Rotherham) Scofthom, 17 Rokelund (see Roclunrl) Scot, Simon, of Jwtherham, xxiij, xxv Romara, William de, ~6 ,,. Sir• Walter, xxij Roper, Thomas, de Osney, 89 Scucdale, 49 Ross, Mr., lines by, vi Sebastian, S., 17 Rotherham, xxviij, -xxxiv, xliv ; Simon Senescallus, Roger, 29. 72 Scot" of, xxiij, xx.v; Hugh de, xxv; ,, Robert, xvii Church, xxvij, xxviij; Fair, xxxv ; Serlo, Lord of Plei:tley and Ashover, xxij, Swan Inn, xxxv; \,Vindow in Chapel xxiij, xxviij, 6 on Bridge, xxxvj Amabilia, d. of, 6 Roucaster, Abbey of, 62 Setelhangre (see Schitelnng) R'lund, l\f r., 56 Seys, Richard, 48 Rozeline, 19, 57, 58 , , Simon de, xvij, 73, 103 Rudding Grange, xlii ,, William, 100 Rudyard, 'fllomas, 103 Sheffeildians, xlii Rullos, Richard de, 59 Shipbrook:, 59 Hus, Simon le, 32, 33, 37 Shrewsbury, Earl of, xxxiij Rutland, Ed.: Earl of, vi ~itelhangre (see Schitelang) Ryboyf, Walter de, 17 Sitwell, William, xxviij, xlii Hye, J\1argaret de, 38, 53, 96 ,, .Mary, xxviij, xli ,, l\'Ir., of Renishaw, xxviij ,, Francis, xlii Skipwith, of Yo1·kshire and Lincoln­ s shire, 44 Sacheverell, ,vnliam, xlii Alice, 46 S. Leonard de Reresby, ii William, Lord Chief Justice, xviij, 38, S. Leonard of 'friberg, ii 53 8. Sauveur, Vicomtes of, x William, 38, 40, 44, 53 Saintes, 97 J\la1·garet, 44 Saintonam, 97 Skyres, of Skyres Hall, xxvij Saintonge, 97 Smedley, a scout master, xxvj Sainzonam, 97 Snelleslund, xx, 10, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, ~alghall, RoJ?er de, xix 32,35,42,44,56,77,88, 94,95 Saltfleetby, John de, 40 Church of, 9, 10 Salstorp, Robert de, 99 Bertram, 9, 94 Salvagio, Simon, 9 Geoffrey, son of Bertram (see Lund), 94 ,, ,Villiam, 9 Helton, 7, 8, 9. 10, 13, 19, 94 Sanson, Ranulph, 12 Margaret, 8, 10 Saracens, ii Peter, 7, 8 Sarezin, ·Oliver, 100 Ralph, 7 Savile, Richard de, xxtij Richard Franceis de, 11 ,, Ralph, xxii,i, xxiv Robert, iii, 1, 8, 9, 10, 13 Saxton, John, xxviij Rtephen, 7. 8, 19 Scaccarii, Liber Niger, 34, 36 Thomas, 11 Scapwic, Shapwic, Shapewyke, xix, 25, William, a clerk, 10, 11, 19, 94 27, 32, 33, 35, 41 Sottehacy, 1\Ianor of, 42 GENERAL INDEX.

Spalding, 84. 88 Swift aucl Reresby arms, xxxvij ,, Priory of, xvij, 68 Robert's daughter, xix, xx , , Register at, 6~, 69 Swiueyard, 70 Spilleman, 68 Symundthorpe, 18 ~tafford, Barons, 99 Staffordshire, 6i, 68, 72, 98 ,, Coll. for history of, 63, 6! Stain, or Steyne, 31, 32, 33 T ,, Haco de, 47, 50 Tabley, Lady de, 65 . ,, Vvilliam de, 31, 33 Taisson, Tesson, or Tezzo11, Raoul, xi Staiutou or Steyutou, j uxta Laugeworth, Hugh, xi xix, xxij, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,57,58, Osbern Fitz, xi, 57, Gl, 63, 67, 74, 77, 76, 77, 88 79, 84, 89 Staker, l\Ir., vi Takel, Peter, 47 Staliuburgh, Court of, 41 'l'abley House, 65 Stanton, Hobert de, IOI Tatersale, Ricardus persona de, 50 ,, Symon de, 101 Tatesball, Robert de, 60 Stapleford, Fulke, 82, 83 'redelthorpe, 31, 33 Henry, sou of ~erlo de, 8~ 'fernpleborough, xxiij Star Chamber, xxxiv Roman settlement at, Stath~~' Sir John, Queen Anne's envoy, " x..-x:viij :XXVllJ Tesson, :Fitz (:see Taisson) Stavelay, Robert de, Rector, 46, 50, 51 Testa de Neville, 13, 14:, 18, 25, 26, 30, ~teintuna, Luca de, 20 31, 32, 33, 34-, 35, 36, 37, gs, 42, 46, 54, ,, ,v alter de, 20 55, 5~ 76, 79, 83, 88, 90 · Stephen, xvj, 21 Tetford, Gilbert de, 39 Steyn, 31, 32, 33 ,, Phillip de, ·47 ,, Henry, 50 Tezzon, Fitz (~ee Taisson) ,, ,Villiam, 31, 33 Thames, 99 ,, Haco de, 47, 50 'l'hetford, Phillip de, 49, 51 Steynesby, \Vilhelmus de, 17 Thethegn~, heiress of tllat name, xxix Steyntonia, 16 Thore~by, 72 Stockport, 90 ,, H., of Leeds, :xlv Stokes, 102 Thorigny, Ham.on, lord of, xi Stoneley, .Abbot of, 63 Thoroton's N otts., 96 Strange, John le, 86 Thorp, schoolmaster to Earl of Rutland, Stretton Road, xxiv vi Suardo, 59 Tlloutheby, Benedict, clericus de, 48 Sudbroc, 44: Th1ibergh or Thrybergh, i, v, vi, Suffolk, 69, 70 xxij, xxiij, x..~iv, xxx:ij, xxxhj, xxxiv, Suleng, Alveredo de, 72 xxxviij, xx.xix, xl, xiii, xliii, xhv, 18, Sumerford, xii, 81, 82 19, 58, 88 Suuthorp or Suntorp, xix, 14, 15, 18, 56, Church of, x..~xv, xliij 77, 88 Legend of, i, ii Gregory, 9, 10, 23, 73, 94 8. Leonard of, ii, :xxx:vj Wimarc or Wumarce, 9, 10 East Hill in, ii Suterby, Richard clericus de, 51 House of, ix, xxxv, xxxvj, xxxvij, Suthormsby (see Orme!!lby, South) xlij, xliv, xlvi Sutone (see Sutton) Christmas kept at, xxxiij Sutton, xii, 81, 82 Hedges near, hung with flowers and Swabi, or Swaby, 31, 32, 33, 72 garlands, xx.xiv · Symon de, 22 . Lodge in park, xxxvj 8wa.iu, William, son of, 7, 8 Old bedstead, x:uvj GENERAL INDEX.

Old gate house, x.xxvij Wad w01-th, xxi v \Vest tower built, xxxvij W ainflede, 72, 98 Account of buildings at, xliij, xliv W aldith, Earl, vii ,Villiam, of. 12 Walei, 75 Thurgarton, 27 '\Valensis, vVilliam, 47 rfilli, Ralph de, xxxiv "\Vales, Prince of, xi, xiii, xxv 'fimberland, 95 Walmesgara., or Walmesgate, xii, 31, 32, Todwick Grange, Francis Reresby of, 33, 40, 42, 52 xli Richard de. 42, 4;3, 51 rrotney, Robert of, vi. vii ,valpole, xlii Trebanton, Robert de, 71 \Varburton, or W arburgetun, 7 4, 08 Trentham, Priory of, 62, 69 '\Vardle, xii, 81, 82 ,, John, Prior of, 6;1, 88 vVarneri, Haclulphns, filins, 6:-i rruke, Sir Samuel, xli '\V arren, William de, 102 rfupeholm, Ralph, Abbot of, 22 ,varrington, Barons of, x 'furevilla, Rad : de, 100 ,varwick, Ea.1'1 cf, 40 Twamlowe, Liudulph, 104 '\Vassinburc, vValter de, 23 ,, Richard, 104 ,vaters, Chester, 19, 36, 37, 58, 62, 63, 73, 77 Watson, Hugh, xlv u ,va\'nfieet, '\iVilliam de, 43 Utica,_ Abbey of S. Ebrulf, 64 vVelbeck, vi ,v elby, of :Malton, vii ,veklon, Bassetts of, 90 V vVclle (see Veile) Valence, Aymer de, 4') ,velstrop Hill, Leicestershire, vii Valencia, A.domar de, E. of Lancaster, "\iV enitone (see Winnington) 40 "\iVentworth, Thomas, x:x.."'{ij, xxxiv Val-es-Dunes, xi vVereford, Nich:Jlas de, 104 Vavasor, Roger, xxxviij vV estmeles, Peter de, 22 Yelle, \Yelle, or Vele, 57 ,v estminster, xx, 28 ,, Hobert de, ,!8, 51 '\Vestminster, Duke of, x, xviij, 59, SU, ,, "\iVilliam le Vele, 101 1!8 'Nhalley, Ric: of ,velbeck, v Venables, Gilbert, 58, 62 "\iVheatcroft, Leona1·d, xxvij ,, ,vnuam, 29, 72, 102 vVhelok, Hugh de, 104 Venator, 59 ,vibech, Uobert de, 22 ,, Ranulph, 59, 62 '\Vich, the, xiii Verdon, ,vnliam de, 64 "\iVikingby, John, 9, 10, 94 Vernon, 85, 90 Wildeker, 17 . ,, Richard, xi, 59, 102 ,vnfrikeby, xix, 3'2, 33, 35 ,, \Varin, 29. 71, 72 Willegby d'Essidehall, Robet·t de, xxiij, ,, Vicomte de, xi 12, 83, 94 Vesey, Guido de, vii ,villementa 1·011, xxxi Vilers, Richard de, 50 '1Villiam the Conqueror, L"'{, x, 57, 89, 90 Vincent, xiv, xviij, xxix. 38, 39, 40, 41, Wiilne, 75 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 73, 86, 90 vVilloughby, :xxv, xli, 93 Vir, Bartholomew r.le, Bishop of Laon, iii Wilson, Thomas, xli Wimundi, Johannes fl.Hus, 13 Winchul, 70 w Wingfield Manor, >:xv ,vac, Hugo, 64 ,vinnfield, William de, 17 ,, Roger, 64 ,viuningto11, '7 4 GE:NERAL INDEX

"\Vinall, hundred, 65 y "\Vh-tanton, Ralph cle, 12 Yong, Thomas, of Retford, xxxv "\Vollev Charters, 16, 17 York, Sir John Reresby, member for, ii ,Volmottue, Earl of Kent, vii Garrison at, xl "\Volrykeby, 41 Great Council at, xxix "\Vorth, l\largaret, 41 l\1inster burnt, .xxxv ,, Sewal de, 4] Yorkshii'e, i, xxxij, xxxiij, xlv "\Vortley Church, ii Yorkshire, South, Hunter, Historian of, ,V1aghoe, Wapentake of, J:xij, 13, 18, 31, v, xxiij, xxxvii 3:\ 58, 7 6, 88 Armorial, ix "\Vris, \Vapentake of, 33 Yule log, xxxfij "\V rottesley' s collection, 62 "'\Vvllgeby, Robert de, 93, "\VJ·nceby, Richard de, 97