DOCSLIB.ORG

Diets and Nutrition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Diets and Nutrition DIETS, NUTRITION AND LIVING LONGER C. LePane DO MSPH FASGE FACG FACOI Central Florida Hepatology and Gastroenterology Florida Hospital Medical Group TOPICS TO DISCUSS • Nutrients: – (macro=carbohydrates, protein and fat) – (micro=vitamins and minerals) • Elements • Diets: keto, vegan, gluten-free, paleo • How to live longer • How to look younger VITAMIN A • Retinoids and Carotene • Includes retinol, retinal, retinyl esters, and retinoic acid referred to as “preformed” vitamin A (lipid soluble vitamin found in animal fat sources) • Beta carotene (vegetable sources) can easily be converted to vitamin A as needed • Essential for vision Lycopene may lower prostate cancer risk VITAMIN A BENEFITS • Keeps tissues and skin healthy (tretinointopical Retin-A reduce appearance of fine wrinkles and treat acne) • Plays an important role in bone growth and in the immune system • Diets rich in the carotenoids alpha carotene and lycopene seem to lower lung and prostate cancer risk • Carotenoids act as antioxidants • Foods rich in the carotenoids lutein may protect against cataracts VITAMIN A RDA • 900 mcg (3,000 IU) (upper limit 3000mcg or 10,000 IU) • Sources of retinoids: – beef liver, eggs, shrimp, fish, fortified milk, butter, cheddar cheese, Swiss cheese • Sources of beta carotene: – sweet potatoes, carrots, pumpkins, squash, spinach, mangoes, turnip greens VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY * • It is the world's leading cause of preventable blindness in children • Increases the risk of disease and death • A serious problem in more of half of all countries, though it mainly affects poorer regions • In pregnant women, vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness and increase risk of maternal mortality THIAMINE (VITAMIN B1) • Helps convert food into energy • Needed for healthy skin, hair, muscles, and brain and is critical for nerve function • M 1.2 mg, W 1.1 mg • Pork chops, brown rice, ham, soymilk, watermelons, acorn squash THIAMINE (VITAMIN B1) : • Thiamin (vitamin B1) convert carbohydrates into energy (nervous system) • Thiamin also plays a role in muscle contraction and conduction of nerve signals • A lack of thiamin is called beriberi and can cause weakness, fatigue, psychosis and nerve damage • While it is not very common, alcoholics are most at risk of thiamin deficiency THIAMINE (VITAMIN B1) • Loss of appetite • Fatigue • Indigestion or constipation d/t improper muscle tone in the GI tract • Muscle tenderness • Numbness in the arms and legs d/t improper nerve function • Beriberi-a chronic neurological and cardiovascular disease • Wenicke-Korsakoff syndrome- causes brain abnormalities, opthalmoplegia RIBOFLAVIN (VIT B2) SOURCES • M 1.3 mg, W 1.1 mg • Helps convert food into energy • Needed for healthy skin, hair, blood, and brain • Keeps skin, eyes, and the nervous system healthy, helping the body release energy from the food we eat • Milk • Eggs • Yogurt • Cheese • Meats • Green leafy vegetables • Whole and enriched grains and cereals RIBOFLAVIN (VIT B2) DEFICIENCY • A deficiency of riboflavin – sore throat – cheilosis (lesions on the lips) – angular stomatitis (cheleitis) (lesions on the angles of the mouth typically caused by yeast) – glossitis (fissured and magenta- colored tongue) – corneal vascularization – dyssebacia (red, scaly, greasy patches on the nose, eyelids, scrotum, and labia) – normocytic, normochromic anemia NIACIN (VIT B3) * • Helps convert food into energy • Essential for healthy skin, blood cells, brain, and nervous system • Lowers LDL (since 1950), increase HDL and lower triglycerides • Niacin is also known as vitamin B3 • Taking too much niacin causes flushing, (especially with ETOH) – Aspirin reduces this flushing • M: 16 mg, W: 14 mg NIACIN (VIT B3) SOURCES * • Meat • Poultry • Fish • fortified and whole grains • Mushrooms • Potatoes • Peanut butter NIACIN (VIT B3) DEFICIENCY • PELLAGRA • Dermatitis • Dementia • Diarrhea • Death PANTOTHENIC ACID (VIT B5) • Helps convert food into energy • Helps make: – Lipids – Neurotransmitters – steroid hormones – hemoglobin • Helps create CoA along with cysteine, adenosine and triphosphate – CoA involved in synthesis and oxidation of FA and oxidation of pyruvate in Krebs cycle • M: 5 mg, W: 5 mg PANTOTHENIC ACID (VIT B5) SOURCES • Chicken • egg yolk • whole grains • Broccoli • Mushrooms • Avocados • tomato products PANTOTHENIC ACID (VIT B5) DEFICIENCY • Burning feet • Fatigue • Headaches • Tingling in hands and feet • Nausea • Irritability • Insomnia PYRIDOXINE (VIT B6) • Aids in lowering homocysteine is a non-proteinogenic α- amino acid and is biosynthesized from methionine (essential AA) by the removal of its terminal methyl group • May reduce the risk of heart disease (high levels of homocysteine associated with heart disease) • Studies show an extra dose B6 helps relieve morning sickness • Helps convert tryptophan to serotonin neurotransmitter that plays key roles in sleep, appetite, and moods PYRIDOXINE (VIT B6) • Helps make norepinephrine • Influences cognitive abilities and immune function • Allows the body to use and store energy from protein and carbohydrates to form hemoglobin • Without this vitamin the thyroid cannot utilize its iodine raw material efficiently to make the hormones PYRIDOXINE (VIT B6) • Long term high doses of • Meat vitamin B6 can be toxic and may result in nerve • Fish damage loosing control of • Poultry body movements • Legumes • 31–50 years old: M: 1.3 mg, W: 1.3 mg • Tofu and soy products • 51+ years old: M: 1.7 mg, W: • Potatoes 1.5 mg • Non-citrus fruits such as bananas and watermelons PYRIDOXINE (VIT B6) DEFICIENCY • Studies show individuals with a deficiency in Vit B6 are 3.5 times more likely to have a cognitive decline in adulthood • Skin inflammation, scaly dermatitis, anemia, depression, dizziness, nausea and sores in mouth • COMMON DEFICIENCY COBALAMIN (VIT B12) • Aids in lowering homocysteine levels and may lower the risk of heart disease • Assists in making new cells and breaking down some fatty acids and amino acids • Protects nerve cells and encourages their normal growth • Helps make red blood cells and DNA • M: 2.4 mcg, W: 2.4 mcg COBALAMIN (VIT B12) SOURCES * • Meat • Poultry • Fish • Milk • Cheese • Eggs • Fortified cereals • Fortified soymilk COBALAMIN (VIT B12) CAUSES OF B12 DEFICIENCY • Pernicious anemia • Food b12 malabsorption (inability to release b12 from • Dietary deficiency (lack of IF; food or intestinal transport needed for B12 absorption at TI) proteins) • Malabsorption • Atrophic gastritis – Crohns disease • Chronic H pylori infection – Chronic pancreatitis – Whipple’s disease • Chronic antacid use>12 mo – Parasite • Chronic alcoholism • Post surgical malabsorption • Use of metformin >4 mo (interferes with Ca- – Gastrectomy dependent membrane for B12- – Terminal ileum resection IF absorption) COBALAMIN (VIT B12) DEFICIENCY • Older adults have trouble absorbing this vitamin from food • Those on a vegan or vegetarian diet often don't get enough B12 as it's mostly found in animal products COBALAMIN (VIT B12) DEFICIENCY * • Pernicious anemia is the most common cause of B12 deficiency: – Autoimmune; attack against parietal cells (IF) – extreme lack of energy – pins and needles (paresthesia) – sore and red tongue – muscle weakness – depression – problems with memory, understanding, and judgement COBALAMIN (VIT B12) DEFICIENCY BIOTIN (VITAMIN B7) • Helps convert food into energy and synthesize glucose • Helps make and break down some fatty acids • Needed for healthy bones and hair • Biotin is essential for the metabolism of fat and only a tiny amount is required • Some is made by bacteria in the GI tract • Not clear how much of this the body absorbs • M: 30 mcg, W: 30 mcg BIOTIN SOURCES • Whole grains • Organic meats • Egg yolks • Soybeans • Fish BIOTIN • Taking a biotin supplement could cause falsely elevated or suppressed thyroid levels – avoid taking any biotin supplements at least a day or two before blood test to ensure accurate results • May be a helpful adjunct in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) by improving myelin repair and facilitating cellular energy production • Biotin plays a role in energy production • Commonly used to remediate neurological problems, alopecia and skin conditions (acne, eczema) BIOTIN DEFICIENCY • Alopecia • Conjunctivitis • Dermatitis with scaly, red rash around the eyes, nose, mouth, genitals • Neurological symptoms such as depression, lethargy, hallucination and paresthesia ASCORBIC ACID (VIT C) • Foods rich in vitamin C may lower the risk for some cancers, including those of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and breast • Long-term use of supplemental vitamin C may protect against cataracts • Helps make collagen; connective tissue that binds wounds and supports blood vessel walls • Helps make the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine • Acts as an antioxidant, neutralizing unstable molecules that can damage cells • Bolsters the immune system • M: 90 mg, W: 75 mg Smokers: Add 35 mg (to counteract the damage that smoking causes to cells) ASCORBIC ACID (VIT C) SOURCES • fruits and fruit juices (especially citrus) • potatoes • broccoli • bell peppers • Spinach • Strawberries • Tomatoes • brussels sprouts ASCORBIC ACID (VIT C) DEFICIENCY Evidence that vit C • Deficiency disease is called scurvy helps with colds not • Deficiency symptoms: convincing – Anemia – Atherosclerotic plaques and pinpoint hemorrhages – Bone fragility and joint pain – Poor wound healing and frequent infections – Bleeding gums and loosened teeth – Muscle degeneration and pain, hysteria and depression – Rough
Load more

Recommended publications
  • R Graphics Output
    Dexamethasone sodium phosphate ( 0.339 ) Melengestrol acetate ( 0.282 ) 17beta−Trenbolone ( 0.252 ) 17alpha−Estradiol ( 0.24 ) 17alpha−Hydroxyprogesterone ( 0.238 ) Triamcinolone ( 0.233 ) Zearalenone ( 0.216 ) CP−634384 ( 0.21 ) 17alpha−Ethinylestradiol ( 0.203 ) Raloxifene hydrochloride ( 0.203 ) Volinanserin ( 0.2 ) Tiratricol ( 0.197 ) trans−Retinoic acid ( 0.192 ) Chlorpromazine hydrochloride ( 0.191 ) PharmaGSID_47315 ( 0.185 ) Apigenin ( 0.183 ) Diethylstilbestrol ( 0.178 ) 4−Dodecylphenol ( 0.161 ) 2,2',6,6'−Tetrachlorobisphenol A ( 0.156 ) o,p'−DDD ( 0.155 ) Progesterone ( 0.152 ) 4−Hydroxytamoxifen ( 0.151 ) SSR150106 ( 0.149 ) Equilin ( 0.3 ) 3,5,3'−Triiodothyronine ( 0.256 ) 17−Methyltestosterone ( 0.242 ) 17beta−Estradiol ( 0.24 ) 5alpha−Dihydrotestosterone ( 0.235 ) Mifepristone ( 0.218 ) Norethindrone ( 0.214 ) Spironolactone ( 0.204 ) Farglitazar ( 0.203 ) Testosterone propionate ( 0.202 ) meso−Hexestrol ( 0.199 ) Mestranol ( 0.196 ) Estriol ( 0.191 ) 2,2',4,4'−Tetrahydroxybenzophenone ( 0.185 ) 3,3,5,5−Tetraiodothyroacetic acid ( 0.183 ) Norgestrel ( 0.181 ) Cyproterone acetate ( 0.164 ) GSK232420A ( 0.161 ) N−Dodecanoyl−N−methylglycine ( 0.155 ) Pentachloroanisole ( 0.154 ) HPTE ( 0.151 ) Biochanin A ( 0.15 ) Dehydroepiandrosterone ( 0.149 ) PharmaCode_333941 ( 0.148 ) Prednisone ( 0.146 ) Nordihydroguaiaretic acid ( 0.145 ) p,p'−DDD ( 0.144 ) Diphenhydramine hydrochloride ( 0.142 ) Forskolin ( 0.141 ) Perfluorooctanoic acid ( 0.14 ) Oleyl sarcosine ( 0.139 ) Cyclohexylphenylketone ( 0.138 ) Pirinixic acid ( 0.137 )
    [Show full text]
  • Nutrition 102 – Class 3
    Nutrition 102 – Class 3 Angel Woolever, RD, CD 1 Nutrition 102 “Introduction to Human Nutrition” second edition Edited by Michael J. Gibney, Susan A. Lanham-New, Aedin Cassidy, and Hester H. Vorster May be purchased online but is not required for the class. 2 Technical Difficulties Contact: Erin Deichman 574.753.1706 [email protected] 3 Questions You may raise your hand and type your question. All questions will be answered at the end of the webinar to save time. 4 Review from Last Week Vitamins E, K, and C What it is Source Function Requirement Absorption Deficiency Toxicity Non-essential compounds Bioflavonoids: Carnitine, Choline, Inositol, Taurine, and Ubiquinone Phytoceuticals 5 Priorities for Today’s Session B Vitamins What they are Source Function Requirement Absorption Deficiency Toxicity 6 7 What Is Vitamin B1 First B Vitamin to be discovered 8 Vitamin B1 Sources Pork – rich source Potatoes Whole-grain cereals Meat Fish 9 Functions of Vitamin B1 Converts carbohydrates into glucose for energy metabolism Strengthens immune system Improves body’s ability to withstand stressful conditions 10 Thiamine Requirements Groups: RDA (mg/day): Infants 0.4 Children 0.7-1.2 Males 1.5 Females 1 Pregnancy 2 Lactation 2 11 Thiamine Absorption Absorbed in the duodenum and proximal jejunum Alcoholics are especially susceptible to thiamine deficiency Excreted in urine, diuresis, and sweat Little storage of thiamine in the body 12 Barriers to Thiamine Absorption Lost into cooking water Unstable to light Exposure to sunlight Destroyed
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines on Food Fortification with Micronutrients
    GUIDELINES ON FOOD FORTIFICATION FORTIFICATION FOOD ON GUIDELINES Interest in micronutrient malnutrition has increased greatly over the last few MICRONUTRIENTS WITH years. One of the main reasons is the realization that micronutrient malnutrition contributes substantially to the global burden of disease. Furthermore, although micronutrient malnutrition is more frequent and severe in the developing world and among disadvantaged populations, it also represents a public health problem in some industrialized countries. Measures to correct micronutrient deficiencies aim at ensuring consumption of a balanced diet that is adequate in every nutrient. Unfortunately, this is far from being achieved everywhere since it requires universal access to adequate food and appropriate dietary habits. Food fortification has the dual advantage of being able to deliver nutrients to large segments of the population without requiring radical changes in food consumption patterns. Drawing on several recent high quality publications and programme experience on the subject, information on food fortification has been critically analysed and then translated into scientifically sound guidelines for application in the field. The main purpose of these guidelines is to assist countries in the design and implementation of appropriate food fortification programmes. They are intended to be a resource for governments and agencies that are currently implementing or considering food fortification, and a source of information for scientists, technologists and the food industry. The guidelines are written from a nutrition and public health perspective, to provide practical guidance on how food fortification should be implemented, monitored and evaluated. They are primarily intended for nutrition-related public health programme managers, but should also be useful to all those working to control micronutrient malnutrition, including the food industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Dietary Reference Intakes (Dris): Recommended Dietary Allowances and Adequate Intakes, Vitamins Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academies
    Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs): Recommended Dietary Allowances and Adequate Intakes, Vitamins Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academies Life Stage Vitamin A Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin Vitamin B6 Folate Vitamin B12 Pantothenic Biotin Choline Group (µg/d)a (mg/d) (µg/d)b,c (mg/d) d (µg/d) (mg/d) (mg/d) (mg/d)e (mg/d) (µg/d)f (µg/d) Acid (mg/d) (µg/d) (mg/d)g Infants 0 to 6 mo 400* 40* 10 4* 2.0* 0.2* 0.3* 2* 0.1* 65* 0.4* 1.7* 5* 125* 6 to 12 mo 500* 50* 10 5* 2.5* 0.3* 0.4* 4* 0.3* 80* 0.5* 1.8* 6* 150* Children 1–3 y 300 15 15 6 30* 0.5 0.5 6 0.5 150 0.9 2* 8* 200* 4–8 y 400 25 15 7 55* 0.6 0.6 8 0.6 200 1.2 3* 12* 250* Males 9–13 y 600 45 15 11 60* 0.9 0.9 12 1.0 300 1.8 4* 20* 375* 14–18 y 900 75 15 15 75* 1.2 1.3 16 1.3 400 2.4 5* 25* 550* 19–30 y 900 90 15 15 120* 1.2 1.3 16 1.3 400 2.4 5* 30* 550* 31–50 y 900 90 15 15 120* 1.2 1.3 16 1.3 400 2.4 5* 30* 550* 51–70 y 900 90 15 15 120* 1.2 1.3 16 1.7 400 2.4h 5* 30* 550* > 70 y 900 90 20 15 120* 1.2 1.3 16 1.7 400 2.4h 5* 30* 550* Females 9–13 y 600 45 15 11 60* 0.9 0.9 12 1.0 300 1.8 4* 20* 375* 14–18 y 700 65 15 15 75* 1.0 1.0 14 1.2 400i 2.4 5* 25* 400* 19–30 y 700 75 15 15 90* 1.1 1.1 14 1.3 400i 2.4 5* 30* 425* 31–50 y 700 75 15 15 90* 1.1 1.1 14 1.3 400i 2.4 5* 30* 425* 51–70 y 700 75 15 15 90* 1.1 1.1 14 1.5 400 2.4h 5* 30* 425* > 70 y 700 75 20 15 90* 1.1 1.1 14 1.5 400 2.4h 5* 30* 425* Pregnancy 14–18 y 750 80 15 15 75* 1.4 1.4 18 1.9 600j 2.6 6* 30* 450* 19–30 y 770 85 15 15 90* 1.4 1.4 18 1.9 600j 2.6 6* 30* 450* 31–50 y 770 85 15 15 90* 1.4 1.4 18 1.9 600j 2.6 6* 30* 450* Lactation 14–18 y 1,200 115 15 19 75* 1.4 1.6 17 2.0 500 2.8 7* 35* 550* 19–30 y 1,300 120 15 19 90* 1.4 1.6 17 2.0 500 2.8 7* 35* 550* 31–50 y 1,300 120 15 19 90* 1.4 1.6 17 2.0 500 2.8 7* 35* 550* NOTE: This table (taken from the DRI reports, see www.nap.edu) presents Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) in bold type and Adequate Intakes (AIs) in ordinary type followed by an asterisk (*).
    [Show full text]
  • Biotinidase Deficiency: a Survey of 10 Cases
    Arch Dis Child: first published as 10.1136/adc.63.10.1244 on 1 October 1988. Downloaded from Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1988, 63, 1244-1249 Biotinidase deficiency: a survey of 10 cases H J WASTELL,* K BARTLET,t G DALE,* AND A SHEIN *Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Newcastle General Hospital, and tDepartments of Child Health and Clinical Biochemistry, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne SUMMARY Ten patients with biotinidase deficiency were studied. Clinical findings at presenta- tion varied with dermatological signs (dermatitis and alopecia), neurological abnormalities (fits, hypotonia, and ataxia), and recurrent infections being the most common features, although none of these occurred in every case. Biochemically the disease is characterised by metabolic acidosis and organic aciduria. Treatment with biotin results in pronounced, rapid, clinical and biochemical improvement, but some patients have residual neurological damage comprising neurosensory hearing loss, visual pathway defects, ataxia, and mental retardation. The cause of this permanent damage remains obscure and it is not clear if the early introduction of treatment will prevent it. Biotin is a cofactor required by acetyl CoA carboxy- a functional biotin deficiency (biotinidase deficiency) lase (ACC) [EC 6.4.1.2], pyruvate carboxylase (PC) caused by failure to recycle endogenous biotin and [EC 6.4.1.1], propionyl CoA carboxylase (PCC) to liberate dietary biotin, or by defective biotinylation copyright. [EC 6.4.1.3] and 3 methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase of apocarboxylase because of a mutant holocarboxy- (MCC) [EC 6.4.1.4.].' It is covalently attached to lase synthetase that has an increased Km with the apocarboxylases by the epsilon amino group of a respect to biotin.
    [Show full text]
  • Bone Disorder and Reduction of Ascorbic Acid Concentration Induced by Biotin Deficiency in Osteogenic Disorder Rats Unable to Synthesize Ascorbic Acid
    J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr., 12, 171-182, 1992 Bone Disorder and Reduction of Ascorbic Acid Concentration Induced by Biotin Deficiency in Osteogenic Disorder Rats Unable to Synthesize Ascorbic Acid Yuji FURUKAWA,1,* Akiko KINOSHITA,1,•õ1 Hiroichi SATOH,1,•õ2 Hiroko KIKUCHI,1, •õ3 Shoko OHKOSHI,1,•õ4 Masaru MAEBASHI,2 Yoshio MAKINO,3 Takao SATO,4 Michiko ITO,1 and Shuichi KIMURA1 1 Laboratory of Nutrition, Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981, Japan 2 The Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980, Japan 3 Makino Dermatology Clinic, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981, Japan 4 Division of Internal Medicine, National Sendai Hospital, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983, Japan (Received January 13, 1992) Summary The developmental mechanism of the bone disorder in- duced by biotin deficiency was studied in osteogenic disorder rats, animals that have a hereditary defect in ascorbic acid-synthesizing ability. The osteogenic disorder rats fed a biotin-deficient diet containing raw egg white were afflicted with bone abnormality including a hunch in the vertebral column. In the case of biotin deficiency, although the ascorbic acid content in the diet was in excess of the required amount, ascorbic acid levels of the plasma and the organs in the rats were significant lower than those of control rats. This suggests that the bone disorder induced by biotin deficiency in the rats may result from the promotion of ascorbic acid consumption or the impairment of ascorbic acid incorporation in the animal tissues. Key Words: osteogenic disorder rat, biotin deficiency, ascorbic acid, bone disorder, acetyl-CoA carboxylase Biotin serves as an essential cofactor for four carboxylases, namely, acetyl- *To whom correspondence should be addressed .
    [Show full text]
  • DRIDIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin
    Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline http://www.nap.edu/catalog/6015.html DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES DRI FOR Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline A Report of the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes and its Panel on Folate, Other B Vitamins, and Choline and Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients Food and Nutrition Board Institute of Medicine NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline http://www.nap.edu/catalog/6015.html NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS • 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. • Washington, DC 20418 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This project was funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Contract No. 282-96-0033, T01; the National Institutes of Health Office of Nutrition Supplements, Contract No. N01-OD-4-2139, T024, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Preven- tion and Health Promotion, Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity; Health Canada; the Institute of Medicine; and the Dietary Reference Intakes Corporate Donors’ Fund.
    [Show full text]
  • Biotin Fact Sheet for Consumers
    Biotin Fact Sheet for Consumers What is biotin and what does it do? Biotin is a B-vitamin found in many foods. Biotin helps turn the carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the food you eat into the energy you need. How much biotin do I need? The amount of biotin you need each day depends on your age. Average daily recommended amounts are listed below in micrograms (mcg). Life Stage Recommended Amount Birth to 6 months 5 mcg Infants 7–12 months 6 mcg Children 1–3 years 8 mcg Children 4–8 years 12 mcg Biotin is naturally present in some Children 9–13 years 20 mcg foods, such as salmon and eggs. Teens 14–18 years 25 mcg Adults 19+ years 30 mcg Pregnant teens and women 30 mcg Breastfeeding teens and women 35 mcg What foods provide biotin? Many foods contain some biotin. You can get recommended amounts of biotin by eating a variety of foods, including the following: • Meat, fish, eggs, and organ meats (such as liver) • Seeds and nuts • Certain vegetables (such as sweet potatoes, spinach, and broccoli) What kinds of biotin dietary supplements are available? Biotin is found in some multivitamin/multimineral supplements, in B-complex supplements, and in supplements containing only biotin. Am I getting enough biotin? Most people get enough biotin from the foods they eat. However, certain groups of people are more likely than others to have trouble getting enough biotin: • People with a rare genetic disorder called “biotinidase deficiency” • People with alcohol dependence • Pregnant and breastfeeding women 2 • BIOTIN FACT SHEET FOR CONSUMERS What happens if I don’t get enough biotin? Biotin and healthful eating Biotin deficiency is very rare in the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Case Report Biotinidase Deficiency: Early Presentation
    Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences (SJAMS) ISSN 2320-6691 (Online) Sch. J. App. Med. Sci., 2016; 4(2D):614-617 ISSN 2347-954X (Print) ©Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher (An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources) www.saspublisher.com Case Report Biotinidase Deficiency: Early Presentation Saumya Chaturvedi, Jayashree Nadkarni*, Rashmi Randa, Shweta Sharma, Rajesh Tikkas Department of Paediatrics, Gandhi Medical College and Associated Kamla Nehru and Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal (M.P.) India *Corresponding author Dr. Jayashree Nadkarni Email: [email protected] Abstract: A 2 month old male child presented with fever, seizures, metabolic acidosis, alopecia and dermatitis. Diagnosed to be case of biotinidase enzyme deficiency. Identification of this disorder is important as it is easily treatable and the patients show dramatic response to therapy. It can prove fatal if not diagnosed. Keywords: alopecia, dermatitis, biotinidase enzyme deficiency. INTRODUCTION and needed ventilation. He was diagnosed as having Biotinidase recycles the vitamin biotin. meningitis after CSF examination. Biotinidase deficiency is a rare metabolic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance which can cause On examination, patient was found to have dermatological manifestations and lead to severe loss of eyelashes, excessive hair fall, and multiple neurological sequelae if untreated. The symptoms can episodes of myoclonic jerks, dermatitis and be successfully treated or prevented by administering conjunctivitis which the mother had noticed since pharmacological doses of biotin. Holocarboxylase around 1 month of life. He was treated synthetase deficiency also has similar manifestations symptomatically, followed by anticonvulsant therapy and needs to be differentiated. with phenytoin. Convulsions improved and after two days he was removed from ventilator and put on It was first described by Wolf and colleagues intranasal oxygen.
    [Show full text]
  • Medium Composition Influence on Biotin and Riboflavin Production by Newly Isolated Candida Sp
    Brazilian Journal of Microbiology (2011) 42: 1093-1100 ISSN 1517-8382 MEDIUM COMPOSITION INFLUENCE ON BIOTIN AND RIBOFLAVIN PRODUCTION BY NEWLY ISOLATED CANDIDA SP. Gaby Tiemi Suzuki, Juliana Alves Macedo*, Gabriela Alves Macedo Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil. Submitted: October 16, 2009; Returned to authors for corrections: December 10, 2010; Approved: May 16, 2011. ABSTRACT Complex B vitamins as Biotin and Riboflavin are required by living organisms, not only for growth but also for metabolite production, and the feed market classifies them as growth promoters. Since Brazil will soon be one of the world’s biggest animal protein producers, feed production is a large consumer of vitamins and micronutrients. The industry requires 10 mg riboflavin/0.2 mg biotin per kilogram of feed; a ratio of 40 ~ 50:1. Although few studies have been conducted specifically on riboflavin production using factorial design and surface response method as an optimization strategy, it is a common practice in biotechnology with many research reports available. However, there are no reports on the use of statistical design for biotin production. This study set out to evaluate medium composition influence on biotin and riboflavin production using a statistical design. There are no studies relating biotin and riboflavin production by Candida sp LEB 130. In this preliminary study to improve the simultaneous production of biotin and riboflavin, the maximum riboflavin/biotin ratio of 8.3 µg/mL was achieved with medium component concentrations of: sucrose 30 g/L, KH2PO4 2 g/L, MgSO4 1 g/L and ZnSO4 0.5mL/L.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Vitamin and Mineral Requirements
    Human Vitamin and Mineral Requirements Report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation Bangkok, Thailand Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations World Health Organization Food and Nutrition Division FAO Rome The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concern- ing the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Chief, Publishing and Multimedia Service, Information Division, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to [email protected] © FAO 2001 FAO/WHO expert consultation on human vitamin and mineral requirements iii Foreword he report of this joint FAO/WHO expert consultation on human vitamin and mineral requirements has been long in coming. The consultation was held in Bangkok in TSeptember 1998, and much of the delay in the publication of the report has been due to controversy related to final agreement about the recommendations for some of the micronutrients. A priori one would not anticipate that an evidence based process and a topic such as this is likely to be controversial.
    [Show full text]
  • Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
    EXCERPTED FROM: Vitamin and Mineral Safety 3rd Edition (2013) Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN) www.crnusa.org Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) Introduction Riboflavin, like thiamin and some other B vitamins, is essential for normal development, growth, reproduction, lactation, physical performance, and well-being. It is involved in a wide array of essential biochemical oxidation-reduction reactions, especially those that yield energy and metabolize carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Riboflavin is widely distributed in small amounts in many foods, and milk is one important dietary source. Similar to many members of the water- soluble B-complex family of vitamins, riboflavin is easily lost from grains or vegetables during milling, heating, canning, blanching, and storage. Riboflavin is especially sensitive to light. It is readily absorbed in small amounts from the intestine and readily excreted through the kidneys (McCormick 1999). Safety Considerations Riboflavin consumed orally has no reported toxicity (Miller and Hayes 1982; Institute of Medicine [IOM] 1998; Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals [EVM] 2003). Reports of adverse effects all relate to animal studies or cell culture research involving either drugs with phototoxicity, intense exposure of lens tissue to ultraviolet light, or both in combination with high levels of riboflavin (Floersheim 1994; Spector et al. 1995). There are no reports of adverse reactions that can be attributed to riboflavin consumed orally from foods or dietary supplements. Official Reviews Institute of Medicine (IOM 1998). The IOM found no evidence of adverse effects associated with excess intake of riboflavin from food or supplements, that is, no toxicity data on which to base a LOAEL or a NOAEL.
    [Show full text]