Early Christian Explanations of the Trinity in Arabic in The
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C H a P T E R Christian Theology
C H A P T E R CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY etailed replies to the detailed criticisms made of my views by the critics mentioned would not be very useful Dunless seen in the light of the general structure of my thought. Then too, Daane has specifically dealt with this general structure so far as he found it expressed in Common Grace. It would be quite impossible to deal with his criticism otherwise than by stating what I myself consider the structure of my thought to have been, and to be. Now the basic structure of my thought is very simple. I have never been called upon to work out any form of systematic theol- ogy. My business is to teach apologetics. I therefore presuppose the Reformed system of doctrine.1 I try to show my students that it is this system of doctrine that men need. Since most students have not had much systematic theology when they first come to my classes, I give them a brief survey of it. Then as they take courses in 1. As we noted in the introduction, this statement is highly significant, bears repeating here, and should be noted. Van Til never saw himself as doing anything other than applying the Reformed system of doctrine to the specific concerns of apologetics. Because of this methodology, what Van Til was advocating was both old and new. It was old in that he was applying the basic tenets of Reformed dogmatics to apologetics; he was not attempting self-consciously to change any of the basic content or loci of that theology. -
'Come': Apologetics and the Witness of the Holy Spirit
1 THE SPIRIT AND THE BRIDE SAY ‘COME’: APOLOGETICS AND THE WITNESS OF THE HOLY SPIRIT Kevin Kinghorn and Jerry L. Walls In a word, Christian apologetics is a defense of Christian theism. The Greek word apologia may refer to the kind of reasoned case a lawyer provides in defending the innocence of an accused person. Or, more broadly, the word may refer to any line of argument showing the truth of some position. 1 Peter 3:15 contains the instruction to Christians: “Always be prepared to give an answer [apologia] to everyone who asks you to give the reason for the hope that you have.”1 1. Testimony: human and divine Within the four Gospels one finds a heavy emphasis on human testimony in helping others come to beliefs about Christ. For example, St. Luke opens his Gospel by explaining to its recipient, Theophilus, that he is writing “an orderly account” of the life of Jesus “so that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught.” Luke describes himself as drawing together a written account of things “just as they were handed down to us by those who from the first were eyewitnesses and servants of the Word.”2 As Richard Swinburne remarks, “it is hard to read the Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, and 1 Corinthians without seeing them as claiming that various historical events (above all, the Resurrection) occurred and that others can know these things on the testimony of the apostles to have seen them.”3 This passing down of apostolic testimony continued through the next generations of the early Christian Church. -
Christians and Jews in Muslim Societies
Arabic and its Alternatives Christians and Jews in Muslim Societies Editorial Board Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA) Bernard Heyberger (EHESS, Paris, France) VOLUME 5 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/cjms Arabic and its Alternatives Religious Minorities and Their Languages in the Emerging Nation States of the Middle East (1920–1950) Edited by Heleen Murre-van den Berg Karène Sanchez Summerer Tijmen C. Baarda LEIDEN | BOSTON Cover illustration: Assyrian School of Mosul, 1920s–1930s; courtesy Dr. Robin Beth Shamuel, Iraq. This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Murre-van den Berg, H. L. (Hendrika Lena), 1964– illustrator. | Sanchez-Summerer, Karene, editor. | Baarda, Tijmen C., editor. Title: Arabic and its alternatives : religious minorities and their languages in the emerging nation states of the Middle East (1920–1950) / edited by Heleen Murre-van den Berg, Karène Sanchez, Tijmen C. Baarda. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2020. | Series: Christians and Jews in Muslim societies, 2212–5523 ; vol. -
Sanliurfa 2.Oturum
Medeniyetler Beşi~i Orta Do~u ve Şanhurfa Uluslararası Sempozyum Bildirileri Bu yaym, Sempozyum toplant1sm1 içerir. ücretsiz dagıtılır. Editör: Dr. Metin Eriş Redaksiyon: Fulya Gökoğlu Tasarım: Fatih M . Durmuş Birinci Baskı, Ekim 2017 ISBN: 978-605-149-921-5 Baskı: Seçil Ofset www .secilofset.com Tüm Hakları T.C. Şanlıurfa Valiligine aittir. © Copyright T.C. Şanlıurfa Valiliği Prof. Dr. Caslm Avc:ı Urfa lı H ı r 1st 1ya n ll i h i yat ç Iii Theodoros Ebü l<urre ve l slim'a Bakrıı Urfali Htristiyan llahiyatçtsl Theodoros Ebu Kurreve lslam'a Bak1ş1 &yın Başkan, Degerli Bilim Adamlan, Kıymetli Misafirler, Ben tebligimde Urfalı meşhur Hıristiyan ililhiyatçısı Theodoros Ebü Kurre'nin hayatı hakkında kısaca bilgi verdikten sonra onun lsla.m'la ilgili bazı görüşlerini aktarmaya çalışacagım. Dogu Hıristiyanlıgı'nın Melkaiyye (Melkiyye)ı mezhebine mensup olan Theodoros Ebli Kurre, AbbAsiler döneminde Urfa'da (Edessa) yaşamıştır. 740- 750 yıllan arasında dogdugu tahmin edilmektedir. Ebü Kurre, Filistin'e giderek bir süre Kudüs yakınlanndaki Mar Saha Manastın'nda kaldı ve dinlegitimini burada tamamladı. 795 yılında Harran piskoposluğuna tayin edildi. 812 yılında Antakya Patrigi Theodaret tarafından Harran Piskoposlugu görevinden alınan Ebu Kurre, bundan sonra Kudüs Patrigi Thomas'a danışmanlık yapmaya başladı. Görüşlerini yaymak ve dini tartışmalara katılmak üzere Mısır, Ermenistan ve Bagdat'a seyahat etti. Bagdat'ta bazı Mu'tezile alimleriyle tanıştı. Theodoros Ebtl Kurre'nin 820-825 yıllan arasında öldü~ tahmin edilmektedir.2 Theodoros Ebü Kurre, Mar Saha Manastın'nda bulunduğu yıllarda burada kendisinden önce yaşayan Ortodoks Kilisesinin en önde gelen teolog, yazar ve 74 azizlerinden loannes Damaskenos'un (Yuhanna ed-Dımaşkl) ilahiyada ilgili görüşlerini öğrenme imkanı buldu. -
Ordinary Jerusalem 1840–1940
Ordinary Jerusalem 1840–1940 Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access Open Jerusalem Edited by Vincent Lemire (Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée University) and Angelos Dalachanis (French School at Athens) VOLUME 1 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/opje Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access Ordinary Jerusalem 1840–1940 Opening New Archives, Revisiting a Global City Edited by Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire LEIDEN | BOSTON Angelos Dalachanis and Vincent Lemire - 978-90-04-37574-1 Downloaded from Brill.com03/21/2019 10:36:34AM via free access This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the prevailing CC-BY-NC-ND License at the time of publication, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. The Open Jerusalem project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) (starting grant No 337895) Note for the cover image: Photograph of two women making Palestinian point lace seated outdoors on a balcony, with the Old City of Jerusalem in the background. American Colony School of Handicrafts, Jerusalem, Palestine, ca. 1930. G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection, Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/item/mamcol.054/ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Dalachanis, Angelos, editor. -
The Chalcedonian Christology of St John Damascene : Philosophical Terminology and Theological Arguments
Durham E-Theses The Chalcedonian Christology of St John Damascene : philosophical terminology and theological arguments Metallidis, George How to cite: Metallidis, George (2003) The Chalcedonian Christology of St John Damascene : philosophical terminology and theological arguments, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1085/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM DEPARTMENT OF THEOLOGY GEORGE METALLIDIS The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consentand information derived from it should be acknowledged. The Chalcedonian Christology of St John Damascene: Philosophical Terminology and Theological Arguments PhD Thesis/FourthYear Supervisor: Prof. ANDREW LOUTH 0-I OCT2003 Durham 2003 The ChalcedonianChristology of St John Damascene To my Mother Despoina The ChalcedonianChristology of St John Damascene CONTENTS Page ABBREVIATIONS 7 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 12 INTRODUCTION 14 CHAPTER ONE TheLife of St John Damascene 1. -
IMAGINATIVE Apologetics
IMAGINATIVE Apologetics Theology, Philosophy and the Catholic Tradition Foreword by John Milbank Edited by Andrew Davison k Andrew Davison, ed. Imaginative Apologetics Baker Academic, a division of Baker Publishing Group, © 2011. Used by permission. Davison_ImagtinativeApolo.indd 3 2/21/12 10:00 AM foreword These websites are hyperlinked. monologues take the form (in some measure) of apologias, which are never without extreme ambiguity. In his first long poem,Paracelsus, the www.bakerpublishinggroup.com message would seem to be that the speaking protagonist has tried to www.bakeracademic.com perfect the human race through power under the inspiration of romantic love, while wrongly despising the little that can be made of faint loves or www.brazospress.com even hates that conceal an unadmitted love at their hearts. And yet he is www.chosenbooks.com brought to the realisation that he is ‘from the over-radiant star too mad / to drink the light-springs’ by one ‘Festus’, whose very name surely invites www.revellbooks.com caution in the reader who recalls Acts and another eponymous diagnosti- www.bethanyhouse.com © 2011 by Andrew Davison cian of supposed insanity. This surely further invites her to read Paracel- sus’ final hope for a day when human advance through a mere refusal of E-book copyright sample. Published in 2012 by Baker Academic the worst will be surpassed, and his own offer of full ‘splendour’ can be a division of Baker Publishing Group admitted on earth, as truly belonging to Christian eschatology parsed in © 2000 by Copyright holder P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516-6287 www.bakeracademic.com terms of a magical or technological release of all natural powers.2 Published by Baker But in other poems by Browning this order of apologetic and of suspi- a division of Baker Publishing Group First published in the UK by SCM Press (an imprint of Hymns Ancient & Modern) in 2011 cious counter-apologetic is exactly reversed. -
Developing a Christian Apologetics Based on the African Christological Themes Edward Wekesa Wanyonyi Kibabii University 9.1 Abst
Developing a Christian Apologetics Based On the African Christological Themes Edward Wekesa Wanyonyi Kibabii University 9.1 Abstract In the Researcher’s view, Africa is no longer a dark continent characterized by people who are physically and spiritually obscure and that therefore nothing good could come out of her. As it were, the imagination of the westerners conspired with ignorance and prejudice to an understanding that gives Africa a false image on the religious global platform. On the contrary, Africa should and is capable of developing her own Christology and soteriology that appeal and endorses the religious curiosity of her people. African Christianity has the right to answer the question posed by Jesus in the scripture based on her own understanding of who Christ really is in the African world view. Therefore in this paper, the researcher is poised to provide an apologia to the text in (Mark 8:27-29) based on the African Christological themes. “Jesus and his disciples went on to the villages around Caesarea Philippi. On the way he asked them, "Who do people say I am?" They replied, "Some say John the Baptist; others say Elijah; and still others, one of the prophets" "But what about you?" he asked. "Who do you say I am?" Peter answered, "You are the Christ." (Mark 8:27-31 NIV). To the African Christians, Jesus is the Savior, but yet pictured in several ways as provided for in different communities. In essence Jesus Christ is to be defined and propagated based on his role in meeting diverse needs in the African society. -
Biblia Arabica
Biblia Arabica An Update on the State of Research Nathan Gibson, Miriam L. Hjälm, Peter Tarras, Ronny Vollandt, Vevian Zaki1 Abstract The aim of this contribution is to review some of the major areas of current research on the Arabic Bible, along with the factors and trends contributing to them. Also we present some of the tools that are currently under development in the Biblia Arabica team, Munich. We provide here a very condensed survey of the transmission of traditions, as well as ways that biblical manuscripts in Arabic have been analysed and classified, covering both Old Testament/ Hebrew Bible and the New Testament. Overall, the lack of critical editions for Arabic biblical texts in general reflects not just the overwhelming number of versions and manuscripts, but also the fundamental challenge these translations present on the level of textuality. Standard paradigms of authorship and transmission break down in the face of the complex reuse, revision, and layering of paratexts seen in these texts. It is the careful study of manuscripts, not simply as texts but also as physical objects, which holds promise for reconstructing the practices of producers and consumers of the Arabic Bible. A union catalogue of Arabic Bible manuscripts will gather the paleographic and codicological information necessary for further research. Moreover, it will link manuscripts, translators, and scribes to the online Bibliography of the Arabic Bible, which is intended to be a comprehensive, classified, and searchable reference tool for secondary literature. In conclusion, scholarship of the Arabic Bible now has considerable momentum, but must continue to keep its fundamental resource – that of manuscripts – in the foreground of research. -
Missional Apologetics Draft
Liberty University Rawlings School of Divinity Missional Apologetics: An Examination of Essential Elements in the Apologetic Approaches of Early Christian Era Apologists in Light of the Mission of Christ to a Pluralistic World. A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of Liberty University Rawlings School of Divinity in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by George B. Bannister, Sr. Lynchburg, Virginia December 2018 Copyright © 2018 by George Benjamin Bannister, Sr. All rights reserved Approval Sheet MISSIONAL APOLOGETICS: AN EXAMINATION OF ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN THE APOLOGETIC APPROACHES OF EARLY CHRISTIAN ERA APOLOGISTS IN LIGHT OF THE MISSION OF CHRIST TO A PLURALISTIC WORLD. George Benjamin Bannister, Sr. Read and approved by: Chairperson: ____________________________________ Date: ______________________________ To the Lord Jesus Christ, my Savior and Lord, whose grace never ceases to amaze me. To Lisa, my bride, best friend, and holder of my heart; who has loved and supported me for many years and has been the best wife and partner and ministry co-laborer any man could wish for. Without you, I would not have achieved this milestone. To my sons and their brides who have encouraged me to stay the course and pursue the goal of completing this task. Thank you, Ben and Cindy, Dan and Liliana, and Bob and Deborah. I am a man who has been blessed beyond measure and far more than I could ever deserve! Contents Figures ......................................................................................................................................... -
The Inerrancy and Authority of Scripture in Christian Apologetics
The Journal of Ministry & Theology 50 The Inerrancy and Authority of Scripture in Christian Apologetics Lee Allen Anderson Jr. INTRODUCTION Scripture’s call to Christians to engage in the apologetic task is markedly obvious. For example, 1 Peter 3:15 instructs believers to always be “ready to make a defense (ἀπολογίαν) to everyone who asks you to give an account for the hope that is in you.” Similarly, Jude 3 exhorts Christians to “contend earnestly for the faith which was once for all handed down to the saints.” Here, the “faith” refers not to the subjective element of personal trust in the Lord God, but instead to that “body of truth that very early in the church’s history took on a definite form,” that is, the content of Christian faith—doctrinal truth (cf. Gal 1:23; 1 Tim 4:1).1 Implicit in this verse, therefore, is the acknowledgment of the fact that a certain body of doctrinal truth exists, which in turn implies a source or origin for that doctrinal truth. For the Christian, the principle, authoritative source of doctrinal truth is the “God-breathed” holy Scriptures (2 Tim 3:16). The reliability of Scripture as a standard for Christian doctrine hinges on the fact that, as the inspired word of the true God who does not lie (Num 23:19; Titus 1:2; Heb 6:18), it is wholly true (Ps 119:160; John 17:17). To echo the words of the longstanding affirmation of the Evangelical Theological Society, “The Bible alone, and the Bible in its entirety, is the Word of God written and is therefore inerrant in the autographs.”2 This affirmation is not a peripheral issue to Christian theology; it is germane to the life of the church and, of logical consequence, the upholding of the Christian faith. -
Course Descriptions
Course Descriptions Department of the Bible BI-111 - Genesis (Associate) 4 semester hours credit Introduction to the beginning. This course is designed to give the student a foundational understanding of the origin of life and the grace of God. BI-150 - Galatians 4 semester hours credit A vital teaching by Paul on the matter of law and grace. Its applications and pertinence for the New Testament believer are examined in this course. BI-160 - Old Testament Survey 4 semester hours credit Designed to give the student a working knowledge of the leading facts of Hebrew history, geography and antiquities as presented in the Old Testament. BI-169 - Tabernacle I 4 semester hours credit A look at the center of worship in Israel, the tabernacle, as a lesson on how believers are to worship. Every aspect of the tabernacle foreshadows the glory of Christ. BI-180 - New Testament Survey 4 semester hours credit This survey introduces the student to the New Testament itself, the life of Christ and the progress of the Christian faith. This is a preparation for further in-depth study in the doctrines of the New Testament. BI-190 - 1 & 2 Thessalonians 4 semester hours credit This is a study that accentuates the local church concept and gives emphasis to the study of the church from a model church theme. BI-192 A - 1 Timothy 1-3 4 semester hours credit This is an in-depth study of the first three chapters in 1 Timothy, with a focus on the attributes of leadership in the local church. BI-192 B - 1 Timothy 4-6 4 semester hours credit This is an in-depth study of the last three chapters in 1 Timothy, with a focus on the attributes of leadership in the local church.